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Song Z, Liu Y, Liu H, Ye Z, Ma Q, Wei Y, Xiao L, Liang M, Xu H. Dietary Lysophosphatidylcholine Improves the Uptake of Astaxanthin and Modulates Cholesterol Transport in Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:505. [PMID: 38790610 PMCID: PMC11117555 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin (AST), functioning as an efficient antioxidant and pigment, is one of the most expensive additives in shrimp feeds. How to improve the uptake efficiency of dietary astaxanthin into farmed shrimp is of significance. The present study investigated the effects of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), an emulsifier, on dietary astaxanthin efficiency, growth performance, body color, body composition, as well as lipid metabolism of juvenile Pacific white shrimp (average initial body weight: 2.4 g). Three diets were prepared: control group, the AST group (supplemented with 0.02% AST), and the AST + LPC group (supplemented with 0.02% AST and 0.1% LPC). Each diet was fed to triplicate tanks, and each tank was stocked with 30 shrimp. The shrimp were fed four times daily for eight weeks. The AST supplementation improved the growth of white shrimp, while LPC further promoted the final weight of shrimp, but the whole-shrimp proximate composition and fatty acid composition were only slightly affected by AST and LPC. The LPC supplementation significantly increased the astaxanthin deposition in the muscle. The LPC supplementation significantly increased the shell yellowness of both raw and cooked shrimp compared to the AST group. Moreover, the dietary LPC increased the high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol content but decreased the low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol content in the serum, indicating the possible regulation of lipid and cholesterol transport. The addition of astaxanthin significantly up-regulated the expression of npc2 in the hepatopancreas compared to the control group, while the addition of LPC down-regulated the expression of mttp compared to the AST group. In conclusion, the LPC supplementation could facilitate the deposition of dietary astaxanthin into farmed shrimp and further enlarge the beneficial effects of dietary astaxanthin. LPC may also independently regulate shrimp body color and cholesterol transportation. This was the first investigation of the promoting effects of LPC on dietary astaxanthin efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziling Song
- College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai 201306, China
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai 201306, China
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Huan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhengwei Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yuliang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lindong Xiao
- Weifang Key Laboratory of Precise Animal Nutrition, Weifang Kenon Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Weifang 261108, China
| | - Mengqing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Houguo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China
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Chen Q, Huang S, Dai J, Wang C, Chen S, Qian Y, Gong Y, Han T. Effects of Synthetic Astaxanthin on the Growth Performance, Pigmentation, Antioxidant Capacity, and Immune Response in Black Tiger Prawn ( Penaeus monodon). AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2023; 2023:6632067. [PMID: 38161983 PMCID: PMC10756741 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6632067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic astaxanthin is an effective nutritional strategy for improving shrimp body color and promoting growth. However, the optimal amount of astaxanthin in feed also varies with the synthetic technology and purity. In the present study, five diets containing different doses of synthetic astaxanthin (0% (CON), 0.02% (AX0.02), 0.04% (AX0.04), 0.08% (AX0.08), and 0.16% (AX0.16)) were administered to Penaeus monodon (initial body weight: 0.3 ± 0.03 g) for 8 weeks. With an increase in astaxanthin content in feed, weight gain and specific growth rate increased initially and subsequently decreased, with the highest value appearing at AX0.08. Dietary astaxanthin supplementation obviously improved the carapace and muscle color by enhancing astaxanthin pigmentation. Meanwhile, the fatty acid profile was altered by dietary astaxanthin, as evidenced by a decline in palmitic acid proportion, along with an increase in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) contents in muscle. In addition, dietary astaxanthin supplementation regulated prawn's antioxidant capacity. In the hemolymph, the activities of glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) showed a significantly decrease trend with linear effect. The activities of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) were first downregulated and then upregulated with significantly quadratic pattern. In the hepatopancreas, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the contents of MDA were significantly downregulated with the increase of dietary astaxanthin levels. Reduced glutathione (GSH) contents and catalase (CAT) activities were also significantly decreased in group AX0.08. Correspondingly, astaxanthin decreased GSH and MDA contents under transportation stress. Moreover, the mRNA expression of immune genes (traf6, relish, and myd88) were inhibited by dietary astaxanthin supplementation. Based on the results of polynomial contrasts analysis and Duncan's test, dietary synthetic astaxanthin is a suitable feed additive to improve the growth, body color, antioxidant capacity, and nonspecific immunity of P. monodon. According to the second-order polynomial regression analysis based on the weight gain, the optimal supplementation level of dietary astaxanthin was 90 mg kg-1 in P. monodon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Shuting Huang
- Department of Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Jieyu Dai
- Department of Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Congcong Wang
- Department of Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Songming Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Yuanxin Qian
- Department of Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | | | - Tao Han
- Department of Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China
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