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Yao Z, Liang Z, Li M, Wang H, Ma Y, Guo Y, Chen C, Xue C, Sun B. Aluminum oxyhydroxide-Poly(I:C) combination adjuvant with balanced immunostimulatory potentials for prophylactic vaccines. J Control Release 2024; 372:482-493. [PMID: 38914205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
The development of high-purity antigens promotes the urgent need of novel adjuvant with the capability to trigger high levels of immune response. Polyinosinic-polycytidylic (Poly(I:C)) is a synthetic double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) that can engage Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) to initiate immune responses. However, the Poly(I:C)-induced toxicity and inefficient delivery prevent its applications. In our study, combination adjuvants are formulated by aluminum oxyhydroxide nanorods (AlOOH NRs) and Poly(I:C), named Al-Poly(I:C), and the covalent interaction between the two components is further demonstrated. Al-Poly(I:C) mediates enhanced humoral and cellular immune responses in three antigen models, i.e., HBsAg virus-like particles (VLPs), human papilloma virus (HPV) VLPs and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) glycoprotein E (gE). Further mechanistic studies demonstrate that the dose and molecular weight (MW) of Poly(I:C) determine the physicochemical properties and adjuvanticity of the Al-Poly(I:C) combination adjuvants. Al-Poly(I:C) with higher Poly(I:C) dose promotes antigen-bearing dendritic cells (DCs) recruitment and B cells proliferation in lymph nodes. Al-Poly(I:C) formulated with higher MW Poly(I:C) induces higher activation of helper T cells, B cells, and CTLs. This study demonstrates that Al-Poly(I:C) potentiates the humoral and cellular responses in vaccine formulations. It offers insights for adjuvant design to meet the formulation requirements in both prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Yao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China; Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Zhihui Liang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China; Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Min Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China; Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Huiyang Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China; Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Yubin Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China; Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Yiyang Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China; Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China; MOE Key Laboratory Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Changying Xue
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China; MOE Key Laboratory Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Bingbing Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China; Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China.
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Yoneyama M, Kato H, Fujita T. Physiological functions of RIG-I-like receptors. Immunity 2024; 57:731-751. [PMID: 38599168 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) are crucial for pathogen detection and triggering immune responses and have immense physiological importance. In this review, we first summarize the interferon system and innate immunity, which constitute primary and secondary responses. Next, the molecular structure of RLRs and the mechanism of sensing non-self RNA are described. Usually, self RNA is refractory to the RLR; however, there are underlying host mechanisms that prevent immune reactions. Studies have revealed that the regulatory mechanisms of RLRs involve covalent molecular modifications, association with regulatory factors, and subcellular localization. Viruses have evolved to acquire antagonistic RLR functions to escape the host immune reactions. Finally, the pathologies caused by the malfunction of RLR signaling are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsutoshi Yoneyama
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Division of Pandemic and Post-disaster Infectious Diseases, Research Institute of Disaster Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kato
- Institute of Cardiovascular Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Takashi Fujita
- Institute of Cardiovascular Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Laboratory of Regulatory Information, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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Lin CY, Cheng CW, Ko JL, Lue KH, Liu YF. Multiplexed transcriptional profiling of Dermatophagoides house dust mites allergens in human epithelium cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:2229-2239. [PMID: 38124673 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Allergic asthma, a chronic disease characterized by airway inflammation, poses a significant public health concern. It is well-established that house dust mites (HDMs) are common inducers of allergic responses in individuals, particularly children. In central Taiwan, our research team observed that over 80% of allergic children exhibited sensitization to various HDMs species. This investigation aims to bridge the gap between these observations and a better understanding of the early fundamental mechanisms for preventing allergic diseases. Specifically, our study delves into the impact of crude extracts of HDMs on human epithelial BEAS-2B cells. Our findings, based on RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis, shed light on how three major Dermatophagoides HDMs allergens activate a common Toll-like receptor signaling pathway in human epithelial cells within a 4-h treatment. During this process, the nuclear transcription factor NF-κB translocated into the cell nucleus within 30 min of allergen stimulation, triggering the expression of pro-inflammatory genes such as IL-6 and IL-8 over 4 h. Additionally, when the cells were treated with specific Dermatophagoides microceras (Der m) allergens, it resulted in the upregulation of genes that regulate type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) signaling pathways. This led to the mediation of IL-12A inflammation. Furthermore, there was an increase in gene sets associated with cilia function and the microtubule cytoskeleton in human epithelial cells after treatment with a combination of Der m allergens and Dexamethasone. Additionally, OMICs analysis was conducted to examine the effects of HDMs allergenic stimulation on human epidermal cells. We aimed to improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms within cells and identify potential targets and natural products in the treatment of asthma caused by HDMs allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yang Lin
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wen Cheng
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Liang Ko
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Huang Lue
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fan Liu
- Division of Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Wang Y, Zhang J, Li M, Jia M, Yang L, Wang T, Wang Y, Kang L, Li M, Kong L. Transcriptome and proteomic analysis of mpox virus F3L-expressing cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1354410. [PMID: 38415010 PMCID: PMC10896956 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1354410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Monkeypox or mpox virus (mpox) is a double-stranded DNA virus that poses a significant threat to global public health security. The F3 protein, encoded by mpox, is an apoenzyme believed to possess a double-stranded RNA-binding domain (dsRBD). However, limited research has been conducted on its function. In this study, we present data on the transcriptomics and proteomics of F3L-transfected HEK293T cells, aiming to enhance our comprehension of F3L. Methods The gene expression profiles of pCAGGS-HA-F3L transfected HEK293T cells were analyzed using RNA-seq. Proteomics was used to identify and study proteins that interact with F3L. Real-time PCR was used to detect mRNA levels of several differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in HEK293T cells (or Vero cells) after the expression of F3 protein. Results A total of 14,822 genes were obtained in cells by RNA-Seq and 1,672 DEGs were identified, including 1,156 up-regulated genes and 516 down-regulated genes. A total of 27 cellular proteins interacting with F3 proteins were identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and 19 cellular proteins with large differences in abundance ratios were considered to be candidate cellular proteins. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses showed that the DEGs were significantly enriched in immune-related pathways, including type I interferon signaling pathway, response to virus, RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, etc. Moreover, some selected DEGs were further confirmed by real-time PCR and the results were consistent with the transcriptome data. Proteomics data show that cellular proteins interacting with F3 proteins are mainly related to RNA splicing and protein translation. Conclusions Our analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic data showed that (1) F3L up-regulates the transcript levels of key genes in the innate immune signaling pathway, such as RIGI, MDA5, IRF5, IRF7, IRF9, ISG15, IFNA14, and elicits a broad spectrum of antiviral immune responses in the host. F3L also increases the expression of the FOS and JNK genes while decreasing the expression of TNFR2, these factors may ultimately induce apoptosis. (2) F3 protein interacts with host proteins involved in RNA splicing and protein translation, such as SNRNP70, POLR2H, HNRNPA1, DDX17, etc. The findings of this study shed light on the function of the F3 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihao Wang
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Nanchang City Key Laboratory of Animal Virus and Genetic Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Junzhe Zhang
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Nanchang City Key Laboratory of Animal Virus and Genetic Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Mingzhi Li
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Nanchang City Key Laboratory of Animal Virus and Genetic Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Mengle Jia
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Nanchang City Key Laboratory of Animal Virus and Genetic Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lingdi Yang
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Nanchang City Key Laboratory of Animal Virus and Genetic Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Nanchang City Key Laboratory of Animal Virus and Genetic Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Nanchang City Key Laboratory of Animal Virus and Genetic Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lumei Kang
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Nanchang City Key Laboratory of Animal Virus and Genetic Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Meifeng Li
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Nanchang City Key Laboratory of Animal Virus and Genetic Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lingbao Kong
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Nanchang City Key Laboratory of Animal Virus and Genetic Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Lee SH, Choi YH, Kang SM, Lee MG, Debin A, Perouzel E, Hong SB, Kim DH. The Defined TLR3 Agonist, Nexavant, Exhibits Anti-Cancer Efficacy and Potentiates Anti-PD-1 Antibody Therapy by Enhancing Immune Cell Infiltration. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5752. [PMID: 38136298 PMCID: PMC10741573 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nexavant was reported as an alternative to the TLR3 agonist of Poly(I:C) and its derivatives. The physicochemical properties, signaling pathways, anti-cancer effects, and mechanisms of Nexavant were investigated. The distinctive characteristics of Nexavant compared to that of Poly(I:C) were demonstrated by precise quantification, enhanced thermostability, and increased resistance to RNase A. Unlike Poly(I:C), which activates TLR3, RIG-I, and MDA5, Nexavant stimulates signaling through TLR3 and RIG-I but not through MDA5. Compared to Poly(I:C), an intratumoral Nexavant treatment led to a unique immune response, immune cell infiltration, and suppression of tumor growth in various animal cancer models. Nexavant therapy outperformed anti-PD-1 antibody treatment in all the tested models and showed a synergistic effect in combinational therapy, especially in well-defined cold tumor models. The effect was similar to that of nivolumab in a humanized mouse model. Intranasal instillation of Nexavant led to the recruitment of immune cells (NK, CD4+ T, and CD8+ T) to the lungs, suppressing lung metastasis and improving animal survival. Our study highlighted Nexavant's defined nature for clinical use and unique signaling pathways and its potential as a standalone anti-cancer agent or in combination with anti-PD-1 antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hwan Lee
- Research and Development Center, NA Vaccine Institute, Seoul 05854, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.L.); (Y.-H.C.); (S.M.K.)
| | - Young-Ho Choi
- Research and Development Center, NA Vaccine Institute, Seoul 05854, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.L.); (Y.-H.C.); (S.M.K.)
| | - Soon Myung Kang
- Research and Development Center, NA Vaccine Institute, Seoul 05854, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.L.); (Y.-H.C.); (S.M.K.)
| | - Min-Gyu Lee
- Research and Development Center, NA Vaccine Institute, Seoul 05854, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.L.); (Y.-H.C.); (S.M.K.)
| | - Arnaud Debin
- InvivoGen SAS, 5 Rue Jean Rodier, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Perouzel
- InvivoGen Ltd., Hong Kong Science and Technology Parks, Unit 307, 8W, Hong Kong, China
| | - Seung-Beom Hong
- Research and Development Center, NA Vaccine Institute, Seoul 05854, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.L.); (Y.-H.C.); (S.M.K.)
| | - Dong-Ho Kim
- Research and Development Center, NA Vaccine Institute, Seoul 05854, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.L.); (Y.-H.C.); (S.M.K.)
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Shofa M, Saito A. Generation of porcine PK-15 cells lacking the Ifnar1 or Stat2 gene to optimize the efficiency of viral isolation. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289863. [PMID: 37939052 PMCID: PMC10631621 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Because pigs are intermediate or amplifying hosts for several zoonotic viruses, the pig-derived PK-15 cell line is an indispensable tool for studying viral pathogenicity and developing treatments, vaccines, and preventive measures to mitigate the risk of disease outbreaks. However, we must consider the possibility of contamination by type I interferons (IFNs), such as IFNα and IFNβ, or IFN-inducing substances, such as virus-derived double-stranded RNA or bacterial lipopolysaccharides, in clinical samples, leading to lower rates of viral isolation. In this study, we aimed to generate a PK-15 cell line that can be used to isolate viruses from clinical samples carrying a risk of contamination by IFN-inducing substances. To this end, we depleted the IFN alpha and beta receptor subunit 1 (Ifnar1) gene or signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 (Stat2) gene in PK-15 cells using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 method. Treatment of PK-15 cells lacking Ifnar1 or Stat2 with IFNβ or poly (I:C) resulted in no inhibitory effects on viral infection by a lentiviral vector, influenza virus, and Akabane virus. These results demonstrate that PK-15 cells lacking Ifnar1 or Stat2 could represent a valuable and promising tool for viral isolation, vaccine production, and virological investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Shofa
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Akatsuki Saito
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
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Barik S. Suppression of Innate Immunity by the Hepatitis C Virus (HCV): Revisiting the Specificity of Host-Virus Interactive Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16100. [PMID: 38003289 PMCID: PMC10671098 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major causative agent of hepatitis that may also lead to liver cancer and lymphomas. Chronic hepatitis C affects an estimated 2.4 million people in the USA alone. As the sole member of the genus Hepacivirus within the Flaviviridae family, HCV encodes a single-stranded positive-sense RNA genome that is translated into a single large polypeptide, which is then proteolytically processed to yield the individual viral proteins, all of which are necessary for optimal viral infection. However, cellular innate immunity, such as type-I interferon (IFN), promptly thwarts the replication of viruses and other pathogens, which forms the basis of the use of conjugated IFN-alpha in chronic hepatitis C management. As a countermeasure, HCV suppresses this form of immunity by enlisting diverse gene products, such as HCV protease(s), whose primary role is to process the large viral polyprotein into individual proteins of specific function. The exact number of HCV immune suppressors and the specificity and molecular mechanism of their action have remained unclear. Nonetheless, the evasion of host immunity promotes HCV pathogenesis, chronic infection, and carcinogenesis. Here, the known and putative HCV-encoded suppressors of innate immunity have been reviewed and analyzed, with a predominant emphasis on the molecular mechanisms. Clinically, the knowledge should aid in rational interventions and the management of HCV infection, particularly in chronic hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sailen Barik
- EonBio, 3780 Pelham Drive, Mobile, AL 36619, USA
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Abo-Samaha MI, Sharaf MM, El-Nahas AF, Odemuyiwa SO. Length-Dependent Modulation of B Cell Activating Factor Transcripts in Chicken Macrophage by Viral Double-Stranded RNA. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1561. [PMID: 37896964 PMCID: PMC10611291 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11101561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) interacts with Retinoic-acid-inducible-gene-1 (RIG-1)-like receptors (RLRs) to induce type 1 interferons. Melanoma-derived-antigen-5 (MDA-5), an RLR, but not RIG-1, is found in chickens. Ducks express both RIG-1 and MDA-5, a possible cause of differences in susceptibility to influenza virus infection between chickens and ducks. Using the HD11 chicken macrophage cell line and an RT2 Profiler PCR-array system, we showed that high-molecular-weight poly(I:C), HMW-poly(I:C), upregulates CCL4, interferon-gamma, interleukin-1, and interleukin-6 mRNA transcripts. HMW-poly(I:C), an in vitro surrogate of long dsRNA species, also induces the upregulation of IL-12B and B cell activating factor (BAFF). Conversely, low-molecular-weight poly(I:C), LMW-poly(I:C) did not induce a distinct cytokine expression pattern. Nonetheless, co-transfection of LMW and HMW-poly(I:C) significantly reduced the upregulation of IL12B and BAFF by HMW-poly(I:C). These findings support previous studies that found no expression of RIG-1, a receptor for short dsRNA species, in chicken cells. Surprisingly, however, our data suggested that in the absence of RIG-1 in chicken macrophages, short dsRNA species may inhibit macrophage-mediated B cell development and survival by modulating the expression of BAFF without significantly reducing type 1 interferon response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda I. Abo-Samaha
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36830, USA;
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 5410012, Egypt; (M.M.S.); (A.F.E.-N.)
| | - Mohammed M. Sharaf
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 5410012, Egypt; (M.M.S.); (A.F.E.-N.)
| | - Abeer F. El-Nahas
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 5410012, Egypt; (M.M.S.); (A.F.E.-N.)
| | - Solomon O. Odemuyiwa
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36830, USA;
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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