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Franco R, Garrigós C, Lillo J, Rivas-Santisteban R. The Potential of Metabolomics to Find Proper Biomarkers for Addressing the Neuroprotective Efficacy of Drugs Aimed at Delaying Parkinson's and Alzheimer's Disease Progression. Cells 2024; 13:1288. [PMID: 39120318 PMCID: PMC11311351 DOI: 10.3390/cells13151288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The first objective is to highlight the lack of tools to measure whether a given intervention affords neuroprotection in patients with Alzheimer's or Parkinson's diseases. A second aim is to present the primary outcome measures used in clinical trials in cohorts of patients with neurodegenerative diseases. The final aim is to discuss whether metabolomics using body fluids may lead to the discovery of biomarkers of neuroprotection. Information on the primary outcome measures in clinical trials related to Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease registered since 2018 was collected. We analysed the type of measures selected to assess efficacy, not in terms of neuroprotection since, as stated in the aims, there is not yet any marker of neuroprotection. Proteomic approaches using plasma or CSF have been proposed. PET could estimate the extent of lesions, but disease progression does not necessarily correlate with a change in tracer uptake. We propose some alternatives based on considering the metabolome. A new opportunity opens with metabolomics because there have been impressive technological advances that allow the detection, among others, of metabolites related to mitochondrial function and mitochondrial structure in serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid; some of the differentially concentrated metabolites can become reliable biomarkers of neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Franco
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquimica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (C.G.); (J.L.)
- Network Center Neurodegenerative Diseases, CiberNed, Spanish National Health Center Carlos iii, Monforte de Lemos 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- School of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudia Garrigós
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquimica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (C.G.); (J.L.)
| | - Jaume Lillo
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquimica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (C.G.); (J.L.)
- Network Center Neurodegenerative Diseases, CiberNed, Spanish National Health Center Carlos iii, Monforte de Lemos 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Rivas-Santisteban
- Network Center Neurodegenerative Diseases, CiberNed, Spanish National Health Center Carlos iii, Monforte de Lemos 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory of Computational Medicine, Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Campus Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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Fu Q, Zhang YB, Shi CX, Jiang M, Lu K, Fu ZH, Ruan JP, Wu J, Gu XP. GSDMD/Drp1 signaling pathway mediates hippocampal synaptic damage and neural oscillation abnormalities in a mouse model of sepsis-associated encephalopathy. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:96. [PMID: 38627764 PMCID: PMC11020266 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03084-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gasdermin D (GSDMD)-mediated pyroptotic cell death is implicated in the pathogenesis of cognitive deficits in sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE), yet the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) facilitates mitochondrial fission and ensures quality control to maintain cellular homeostasis during infection. This study aimed to investigate the potential role of the GSDMD/Drp1 signaling pathway in cognitive impairments in a mouse model of SAE. METHODS C57BL/6 male mice were subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to establish an animal model of SAE. In the interventional study, mice were treated with the GSDMD inhibitor necrosulfonamide (NSA) or the Drp1 inhibitor mitochondrial division inhibitor-1 (Mdivi-1). Surviving mice underwent behavioral tests, and hippocampal tissues were harvested for histological analysis and biochemical assays at corresponding time points. Haematoxylin-eosin staining and TUNEL assays were used to evaluate neuronal damage. Golgi staining was used to detect synaptic dendritic spine density. Additionally, transmission electron microscopy was performed to assess mitochondrial and synaptic morphology in the hippocampus. Local field potential recordings were conducted to detect network oscillations in the hippocampus. RESULTS CLP induced the activation of GSDMD, an upregulation of Drp1, leading to associated mitochondrial impairment, neuroinflammation, as well as neuronal and synaptic damage. Consequently, these effects resulted in a reduction in neural oscillations in the hippocampus and significant learning and memory deficits in the mice. Notably, treatment with NSA or Mdivi-1 effectively prevented these GSDMD-mediated abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that the GSDMD/Drp1 signaling pathway is involved in cognitive deficits in a mouse model of SAE. Inhibiting GSDMD or Drp1 emerges as a potential therapeutic strategy to alleviate the observed synaptic damages and network oscillations abnormalities in the hippocampus of SAE mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yi-Bao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Henan Provincial Chest Hospital, Zhengzhou University, 1 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Chang-Xi Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Kai Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Zi-Hui Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jia-Ping Ruan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Jing Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Xiao-Ping Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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Leem YH, Park JS, Park JE, Kim DY, Kim HS. Creatine supplementation with exercise reduces α-synuclein oligomerization and necroptosis in Parkinson's disease mouse model. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 126:109586. [PMID: 38262563 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is an incurable neurological disorder that causes typical motor deficits. In this study, we investigated the effects of creatine supplementation and exercise in the subacute 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of PD. We found that 2% creatine supplementation and/or exercise intervention for 4 weeks elicited neurobehavioral recovery and neuroprotective effects regarding dopaminergic cell loss in MPTP-treated mice; this effect implies functional preservation of dopaminergic cells in the substantia nigra, as reflected by tyrosine hydroxylase expression recovery. Creatine and exercise reduced necroptotic activity in dopaminergic cells by lowering mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) modification to active phenotypes (phosphorylation at Ser345 and oligomerization) and phosphorylated receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) (Ser166-p) and RIPK3 (Ser232-p) levels. In addition, creatine and exercise reduced the MPTP-induced increase in pathogenic α-synuclein forms, such as Ser129 phosphorylation and oligomerization. Furthermore, creatine and exercise had anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects in MPTP mice, as evidenced by a decrease in microglia activation, NF-κB-dependent pro-inflammatory molecule expression, and increase in antioxidant enzyme expression. These phenotypic changes were associated with the exercise/creatine-induced AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and sirtuin 3 (SIRT3)/forkhead box O3 (FoxO3a) signaling pathways. In all experiments, combining creatine with exercise resulted in considerable improvement over either treatment alone. Consequently, these findings suggest that creatine supplementation with exercise has anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and anti-α-synucleinopathy effects, thereby reducing necroptotic cell death in a PD mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yea-Hyun Leem
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin-Sun Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Do-Yeon Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee-Sun Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.
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