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Aloy NM, Coughlan C, Graner MW, Witt SN. Possible regulation of the immune modulator tetraspanin CD81 by alpha-synuclein in melanoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 734:150631. [PMID: 39222576 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
We probed the mechanism by which the Parkinson's disease-associated protein α-synuclein (α-syn)/SNCA promotes the pathogenesis and progression of melanoma. We found that the human melanoma cell line SK-MEL-28 in which SNCA is knocked out (SNCA-KO) has low levels of tetraspanin CD81, which is a cell-surface protein that promotes invasion, migration, and immune suppression. Analyzing data from the Cancer Genome Atlas, we show that SNCA and CD81 mRNA levels are positively correlated in melanoma; melanoma survival is inversely related to the levels of SNCA and CD81; and SNCA/CD81 are inversely related to the expression of key cytokine genes (IL12A, IL12B, IFN, IFNG, PRF1 and GZMB) for immune activation and immune cell-mediated killing of melanoma cells. We propose that high levels of α-syn and CD81 in melanoma and in immune cells drive invasion and migration and in parallel cause an immunosuppressive microenvironment; these contributing factors lead to aggressive melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirjhar M Aloy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA; Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, USA
| | | | | | - Stephan N Witt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA; Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, USA.
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Surguchov A, Surguchev AA. Association between Parkinson's Disease and Cancer: New Findings and Possible Mediators. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3899. [PMID: 38612708 PMCID: PMC11011322 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence points to an inverse association between Parkinson's disease (PD) and almost all cancers except melanoma, for which this association is positive. The results of multiple studies have demonstrated that patients with PD are at reduced risk for the majority of neoplasms. Several potential biological explanations exist for the inverse relationship between cancer and PD. Recent results identified several PD-associated proteins and factors mediating cancer development and cancer-associated factors affecting PD. Accumulating data point to the role of genetic traits, members of the synuclein family, neurotrophic factors, the ubiquitin-proteasome system, circulating melatonin, and transcription factors as mediators. Here, we present recent data about shared pathogenetic factors and mediators that might be involved in the association between these two diseases. We discuss how these factors, individually or in combination, may be involved in pathology, serve as links between PD and cancer, and affect the prevalence of these disorders. Identification of these factors and investigation of their mechanisms of action would lead to the discovery of new targets for the treatment of both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Surguchov
- Department of Neurology, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Alexei A Surguchev
- Department of Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Arnold MR, Cohn GM, Oxe KC, Elliott SN, Moore C, Laraia PV, Shekoohi S, Brownell D, Meshul CK, Witt SN, Larsen DH, Unni VK. Alpha-synuclein regulates nucleolar DNA double-strand break repair in melanoma. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.13.575526. [PMID: 38260370 PMCID: PMC10802588 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.13.575526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Although an increased risk of the skin cancer melanoma in people with Parkinson's Disease (PD) has been shown in multiple studies, the mechanisms involved are poorly understood, but increased expression of the PD-associated protein alpha-synuclein (αSyn) in melanoma cells may be important. Our previous work suggests that αSyn can facilitate DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair, promoting genomic stability. We now show that αSyn is preferentially enriched within the nucleolus in the SK-MEL28 melanoma cell line, where it colocalizes with DNA damage markers and DSBs. Inducing DSBs specifically within nucleolar ribosomal DNA (rDNA) increases αSyn levels near sites of damage. αSyn knockout increases DNA damage within the nucleolus at baseline, after specific rDNA DSB induction, and prolongs the rate of recovery from this induced damage. αSyn is important downstream of ATM signaling to facilitate 53BP1 recruitment to DSBs, reducing micronuclei formation and promoting cellular proliferation, migration, and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moriah R. Arnold
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Neurology and Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Gabriel M. Cohn
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kezia Catharina Oxe
- Danish Cancer Institute, Nucleolar Stress and Disease Group, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Somarr N. Elliott
- Department of Neurology and Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Cynthia Moore
- Research Services, Neurocytology Laboratory, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Sahar Shekoohi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Dillon Brownell
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Charles K. Meshul
- Research Services, Neurocytology Laboratory, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR, USA
- Departments of Behavioral Neuroscience and Pathology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Stephan N. Witt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Dorthe H. Larsen
- Danish Cancer Institute, Nucleolar Stress and Disease Group, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vivek K. Unni
- Department of Neurology and Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- OHSU Parkinson’s Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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