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AlAsmari AF, Al-Shehri MM, Algarini N, Alasmari NA, Alhazmi A, AlSwayyed M, Alharbi M, Alasmari F, Ali N. Role of diosmin in preventing doxorubicin-induced cardiac oxidative stress, inflammation, and hypertrophy: A mechanistic approach. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:102103. [PMID: 38799001 PMCID: PMC11127263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic drugs, such as doxorubicin (Dox), are commonly used to treat a variety of malignancies. However, Dox-induced cardiotoxicity limits the drug's clinical applications. Hence, this study intended to investigate whether diosmin could prevent or limit Dox-induced cardiotoxicity in an animal setting. Thirty-two rats were separated into four distinct groups of controls, those treated with Dox (20 mg/kg, intraperitoneal, i.p.), those treated with diosmin 100 mg plus Dox, and those treated with diosmin 200 mg plus Dox. At the end of the experiment, rats were anesthetized and sacrificed and their blood and hearts were collected. Cardiac toxicity markers were analyzed in the blood, and the heart tissue was analyzed by the biochemical assays MDA, GSH, and CAT, western blot analysis (NF-kB, IL-6, TLR-4, TNF-α, iNOS, and COX-2), and gene expression analysis (β-MHC, BNP). Formalin-fixed tissue was used for histopathological studies. We demonstrated that a Dox insult resulted in increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and hypertrophy as shown by increased MDA levels and reduced GSH content and CAT activity. Furthermore, Dox treatment induced cardiac hypertrophy and damage, as evidenced by the biochemical analysis, ELISA, western blot analysis, and gene expression analysis. However, co-administration of diosmin at both doses, 100 mg and 200 mg, mitigated these alterations. Data derived from the current research revealed that the cardioprotective effect of diosmin was likely due to its ability to mitigate oxidative stress and inflammation. However, further study is required to investigate the protective effects of diosmin against Dox-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah F. AlAsmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M. Al-Shehri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser Algarini
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada A. Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alabid Alhazmi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed AlSwayyed
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Metab Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawaz Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nemat Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Techapichetvanich P, Tangpanithandee S, Supannapan K, Wongwiwatthananukit S, Chang LC, Khemawoot P. Oral sub-chronic toxicity of fingerroot ( Boesenbergia rotunda) rhizome extract formulation in Wistar rats. Toxicol Rep 2024; 12:224-233. [PMID: 38328737 PMCID: PMC10847838 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Boesenbergia rotunda (fingerroot) rhizome extract contains two major bioactive components, panduratin A and pinostrobin. In our previous study, we found the anti-inflammatory effects of the fingerroot extract against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in golden Syrian hamsters. In the present study, we evaluated the sub-chronic toxicity of a fingerroot extract formulation over 90 consecutive days of oral administration. Methods We enhanced the water solubility of a fingerroot extract by formulating it with cyclodextrin, containing panduratin A (29% w/w) and pinostrobin (32% w/w). This formulation was administered to male and female Wistar rats at doses of 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg/day for a duration of 90 days. Additionally, two recovery groups, comprising a control group and a high-dose group, were designated for a 14-day observation period to assess the persistence and reversibility of potential adverse effects. Throughout the experiment, we performed clinical and health observations, followed by hematological testing, clinical biochemistry analysis, necropsy examination, and histopathological evaluation at the end of the experiment. Results The administration of the fingerroot extract formulation at doses of 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg/day did not result in mortality or clinical signs of toxicity. No clinically significant findings were associated with the oral administration of the fingerroot extract formulation. Conclusion The fingerroot extract formulation showed no serious adverse effects at doses up to 100 mg/kg/day in Wistar rats under the experimental condition. Consequently, the No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) was considered to be 100 mg/kg/day. This finding contributes significance for future developments involving fingerroot extract in herbal medicinal products targeting chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinnakarn Techapichetvanich
- Program in Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supawit Tangpanithandee
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakarn, Thailand
| | | | | | - Leng Chee Chang
- The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai’i at Hilo, Hilo, HI, USA
| | - Phisit Khemawoot
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakarn, Thailand
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Abdel-Reheim MA, Zaafar D, El-Shoura EAM, Abdelaal N, Atwa AM, Bazeed SM, Mahmoud HM. Unlocking the miRNA-34a-5p/TGF-β and HMGB1/PI3K/Akt/mTOR crosstalk participate in the enhanced cardiac protection of liraglutide against isoproterenol-induced acute myocardial injury rat model. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 127:111369. [PMID: 38101219 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Liraglutide (LIRA), a drug used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus that belongs to the glucagon-like peptide-1 class, has recently drawn attention for its potential cardioprotective properties because of its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. This current investigation was designed to assess the impact of LIRA on myocardial injury induced by isoproterenol (ISO). The experiment included 24 male Wistar rats in total, and they were divided into four groups: Control, LIRA (200 µg/kg/12 hrs., S.C.), ISO (85 mg/kg, S.C.), and ISO + LIRA. To assess the results, various biochemical and histopathological analyses were carried out. The findings showed elevated serum enzyme levels, a sign of cardiac injury. ISO-treated rats showed an upregulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers like MDA, MPO, nitrites, NADPH oxidase, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, 8-Hydroxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and TGF-β, as well as altered gene expressions like TLR-1 and miRNA-34a-5p. According to western blotting analysis, protein levels of AKT, PI3K, and mTOR were obviously enhanced. Additionally, ISO-treated samples showed altered tissue morphology, elevated caspase 3, and decreased Bcl2 concentrations. The levels of these dysregulated parameters were significantly normalized by LIRA therapy, demonstrating its cardioprotective function against ISO-induced myocardial injury in rats. This protective mechanism was linked to anti-inflammatory properties, redox balance restoration, and modulation of the miRNA-34a-5p/TGF-β pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Ahmed Abdel-Reheim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Dalia Zaafar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ehab A M El-Shoura
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Al-Azhar University, Assiut branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt.
| | - Nashwa Abdelaal
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ahmed M Atwa
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shefaa M Bazeed
- Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba M Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef 62514, Egypt
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