Formation of multiple complex light structures simultaneously in 3D volume using a single binary phase mask

Regularized cost function in wavefront shaping for advancing the contrast of structured light

The cost function in the iterative optimization algorithms is one of the sensitive optimization controllers that plays a crucial role in feedback based wavefront shaping for constructing well-resolved complex structured light through scattering media. There has been a trade-off between resolution and the contrast enhancement of the structured light in wavefront shaping. We have developed an ℓ 2-norm based quadratic cost function (L2QN) and proposed a regularized cost function (RCF) for advancing the contrast and maintaining the high resolution of structured light. Both the simulations and experiments have been performed, and it has been found that the proposed RCF significantly advances the contrast and structural uniformity for focusing light through scattering media as well as for diffused reflection mode. The potential applications of the method demonstrated in this study can be extended into holographic displays, structured light illumination microscopy, photo-lithography, photothermal treatments, dosimetry, laser materials processing, and energy control inside and outside an incubation system.