Spray-dried pH-sensitive chitosan microparticles loaded with Mycobacterium bovis BCG intended for supporting treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection

Polymeric pH-Responsive Metal-Supramolecular Nanoparticles for Synergistic Chemo-Photothermal Therapy

Stimuli-responsive drug delivery carriers, particularly those exhibiting pH sensitivity, have attracted significant scholarly interest due to their promising potential in anticancer therapeutic applications. This phenomenon can primarily be ascribed to the inherently acidic nature of tumor microenvironments. However, pH-responsive carriers frequently require the incorporation of functional groups or materials sensitive to pH changes. Given the pH-sensitive characteristics of metal coordination with natural small-molecule drugs, organometallic supramolecules present a facile and effective strategy for integrating pH-responsive behavior into these systems. Meanwhile, utilizing the natural compound luteolin in conjunction with iron ions (Fe3+) through the advanced engineering technique of flash nanoprecipitation (FNP) results in the synthesis of stable, highly loaded nanoparticles (NPs) exhibiting a supramolecular photothermal effect. Our experimental findings substantiate that the photothermal effect persists over time, even after the pH-responsive release phase has ended. Consequently, these polymeric pH-responsive metallic supramolecular nanoparticles integrate chemotherapy and photothermal therapy, creating a synergistic approach to cancer treatment. This bifunctional platform, which exhibits both pH-responsive and photothermal properties, presents a highly promising avenue for biomedical applications, particularly in the area of tumor therapies. Its dual function offers a potentially efficacious approach to tumor treatment.