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Riddell DL, Hyndman TH, Bowden RS, Musk GC. Use of a Low-calorie Flavored Gel to Facilitate Oral Self-administration of Analgesics in Mice. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE : JAALAS 2023; 62:163-169. [PMID: 36889695 PMCID: PMC10078929 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-22-000039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
The goals of this study were to determine whether mice would adapt to a low-calorie flavored water gel as their sole source of hydration and whether the addition of acetaminophen, tramadol, meloxicam, or buprenorphine to the gel would affect their intake. Water and gel intakes were measured during a 4-phase study, each of which lasted 1 wk: phase 1, standard water bottle only; phase 2, standard water bottle and a separate tube containing water gel; phase 3, water gel only; and phase 4, water gel containing an analgesic drug. Water consumption, corrected for body mass, was not different between male and female mice when water was available (phases 1 and 2). However, the total consumption of water and water gel was higher for females than males during phase 2, and female mice consumed more gel than males during phase 3. When male and female data were combined, total corrected water intake was not different among the first 3 phases of the study. Gel intake did not change significantly after the addition of acetaminophen, meloxicam, buprenorphine or tramadol as compared with untreated water gel. These data suggest that drugs presented in the low-calorie flavored water gel may be a viable alternative to injection or gavage for the administration of analgesic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayna L Riddell
- Animal Care Services, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia;,
| | - Timothy H Hyndman
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ross S Bowden
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics, Chemistry, and Physics, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gabrielle C Musk
- Animal Care Services, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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2
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Illario JA, Osborn KG, Garcia AV, Sepulveda YJ, Momper JD, Kiel JW, Kirihennedige AS, Sun SA, Richter PJ. Comparative Pharmacokinetics and Injection Site Histopathology in Nude Mice Treated with Long-acting Buprenorphine Formulations. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE : JAALAS 2023; 62:147-152. [PMID: 36813268 PMCID: PMC10078935 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-22-000102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Two long-acting formulations of buprenorphine are commercially available as analgesics for rodents. However, these drugs have not yet been studied in nude mice. We sought to investigate whether the manufacturer-recommended or labeled mouse doses of either drug would provide and sustain the purported therapeutic plasma concentration of buprenorphine (1 ng/mL) over 72 h in nude mice and to characterize the injection site histopathology. NU/NU nude and NU/+ heterozygous mice were subcutaneously injected with extended-release buprenorphine polymeric formulation (ER; 1 mg/kg), extendedrelease buprenorphine suspension (XR; 3.25 mg/kg), or saline (2.5 mL/kg). Plasma concentrations of buprenorphine were measured 6, 24, 48, and 72 h after injection. The injection site was examined histologically at 96 h after administration. XR dosing yielded significantly higher plasma buprenorphine concentrations than did ER dosing at every time point in both nude and heterozygous mice. No significant difference in plasma buprenorphine concentrations were detected between nude and heterozygous mice. Both formulations yielded plasma levels of buprenorphine of over 1 ng/mL at 6 h; XR sustained buprenorphine plasma levels above 1 ng/mL for over 48 h, whereas ER sustained this level for over 6 h. Injections sites of both formulations were characterized by a cystic lesion with a fibrous/fibroblastic capsule. ER induced more inflammatory infiltrates than did XR. This study indicates that while both XR and ER are suitable for use in nude mice, XR has a longer duration of likely therapeutic plasma levels and induces less subcutaneous inflammation at the injection site.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kent G Osborn
- Animal Care Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Arnold V Garcia
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Yadira J Sepulveda
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jeremiah D Momper
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jeffrey W Kiel
- Professor Emeritus, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Ayuri S Kirihennedige
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Steven A Sun
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Philip J Richter
- Animal Care Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
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3
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Berke MS, Colding-Jørgensen P, Pedersen LG, Hestehave S, Kalliokoski O, Jensen HE, Sørensen DB, Hau J, Abelson KSP. Effects of Transdermal Fentanyl Treatment on Acute Pain and Inflammation in Rats with Adjuvant-induced Monoarthritis. Comp Med 2022; 72:320-329. [PMID: 36229169 PMCID: PMC9827602 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-21-000066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Eliminating unnecessary pain is an important requirement of performing animal experimentation, including reducing and controlling pain of animals used in pain research. The goal of this study was to refine an adjuvant-induced monoarthritis model in rats by providing analgesia with a transdermal fentanyl solution (TFS). Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats, single- or pair-housed, were injected with 20 μL of complete Freund adjuvant (CFA) into the left ankle joint. CFA-injected rats treated with a single dose of transdermal fentanyl solution (0.33 or 1 mg/kg) were compared with an untreated CFA-injected group and sham groups that received either no treatment or TFS treatment (1 mg/kg) during 72 h. At the tested doses, TFS reduced mechanical hyperalgesia and improved the mobility, stance, rearing, and lameness scores at 6 h after CFA injection. Joint circumferences were not reduced by TFS treatment, and no significant differences were detected between the 2 doses of TFS, or between single- and pair-housed rats. Treatment with TFS did not appear to interfere with model development and characteristics. However, overall, the analgesic effect was transient, and several opioid-related side effects were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mie S Berke
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;,Corresponding author:
| | - Pernille Colding-Jørgensen
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Line G Pedersen
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara Hestehave
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Otto Kalliokoski
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik E Jensen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dorte B Sørensen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jann Hau
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klas SP Abelson
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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4
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Arthur JD, Alamaw ED, Jampachairsri K, Sharp P, Nagamine CM, Huss MK, Pacharinsak C. Efficacy of 3 Buprenorphine Formulations for the Attenuation of Hypersensitivity after Plantar Incision in Immunodeficient NSG Mice. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE : JAALAS 2022; 61:448-456. [PMID: 36068076 PMCID: PMC9536821 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-22-000058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Buprenorphine is perhaps the most prescribed analgesic for management of postoperative pain in mice. Although various buprenorphine formulations are effective in commonly used immunocompetent mouse strains, a knowledge gap exists regarding its efficacy in immunodeficient mice. Here we used a plantar incision to evaluate the efficacy of 3 buprenorphine formulations for attenuating postoperative mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity in the immunodeficient NSG mouse strain. We also characterized the pharmacokinetics of these formulations over a 72-h period. We hypothesized that all 3 buprenorphine formulations evaluated-the standard preparation and 2 extended-release products (Bup-HCl, Bup-ER, and Bup-XR, respectively)-would attenuate postoperative mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity resulting from a plantar incision in NSG mice. Male and female NSG mice (n = 48) were allocated to 4 treatment groups: saline (0.9% NaCl, 5 mL/kg SC once); Bup-HCl (0.1 mg/kg SC, BID for 2 d); Bup-ER (1.0 mg/kg SC once); and Bup-XR (3.25 mg/kg SC once). Mechani- cal and thermal hypersensitivity assessments were conducted 24 h before surgery and at 4, 8, 24, 48, and 72 h afterward. All groups of mice showed mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity within the first 24 h after surgery. Behavioral pain indicators (guarding, toe-touching [intermittent partial weight bearing], licking the incision, vocalizations) were observed in some mice from each group at every postoperative time point. Plasma buprenorphine was measured in a separate group of mice and concentrations surpassed the suggested therapeutic level (1.0 ng/mL) for less than 4 h for Bup-HCl, for at least 24 h for Bup-ER, and for 72 h for Bup-XR. Our results indicate that at the dosages studied, these buprenorphine formulations do not adequately attenuate postoperative mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity in the plantar incisional model in NSG mice. These findings support the need for strain-specific analgesic protocols for mice used in research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin D Arthur
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California;,Corresponding author.
| | - Eden D Alamaw
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | | | - Patrick Sharp
- Department of Animal Research Services, University of California, Merced, Merced, California;,School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
| | - Claude M Nagamine
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Monika K Huss
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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Chan G, Si C, Nichols MR, Kennedy L. Assessment of the Safety and Efficacy of Pre-emptive Use of Extended-release Buprenorphine for Mouse Laparotomy. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE : JAALAS 2022; 61:381-387. [PMID: 35803705 PMCID: PMC9674008 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-22-000021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Buprenorphine is commonly used to control postoperative pain in rodents. Short-acting formulations of buprenorphine (bup-HCl) require frequent handling and restraint of animals for appropriate dosing, which can be stressful and confound research outcomes. Ethiqa XR (bup-ER) is an FDA-indexed extended-release buprenorphine formulation that is an alternative to bup-HCl in mice and rats. In the current study, we first evaluated the pharmacokinetics of bup-ER in male C57BL/6J mice by sampling blood at 10 time points, ranging from 30 min to 72 h after administration (n = 3 mice per time point). Average plasma concentrations fell below therapeutic levels at 48 h after administration. We also evaluated the safety of bup-ER when administered prior to surgery in combination with common anesthetics and the efficacy of bup-ER in mouse laparotomy. Anesthetic safety was studied by measuring respiratory rate, rectal temperature, and recovery time in groups of mice (n = 8) given bup-HCl, bup-ER, or saline in combination with isoflurane or ketamine-xylazine anesthesia. No differences were seen between analgesic treatment groups with either of the general anesthetics. To evaluate efficacy, mice (n = 10) were randomly allocated to receive either bup-ER (3.25 mg/kg) once presurgically, bup-HCl (0.1 mg/kg) presurgically and then every 8 h, or saline once before surgery. Mice underwent a sham laparotomy and were assessed for pain based on changes in weight, cageside ethogram, nesting consolidation test, rearing frequency, and nociception to von Frey testing at 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h after surgery. Cageside ethogram, rearing frequency, and von Frey testing showed significant differences between bup-ER-treated mice and saline controls in the early postoperative period. No significant effects between treatment groups were seen in daily weights or nesting consolidation scores. This study demonstrates that bup-ER can be safely administered before surgery and provides analgesia for up to 48 h after administration based on pharmacokinetic and behavioral data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goldia Chan
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan,Corresponding Author.
| | - Catherine Si
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - M Russell Nichols
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lucy Kennedy
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Myers PH, Goulding DR, Wiltshire RA, McGee CA, Dickerson AB, Comins MM, Shi M, Kissling GE, Lih FB, Deterding LJ, Laber-Laird KE, Blankenship-Paris TL. Serum Buprenorphine Concentrations and Behavioral Activity in Mice After a Single Subcutaneous Injection of Simbadol, Buprenorphine SR-LAB, or Standard Buprenorphine. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021; 60:661-666. [PMID: 34740385 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-21-000028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Buprenorphine, an analgesic commonly used in rodent surgery, requires repeated dosing every 4 to 6 h in order to provide adequate analgesia. However, redosing requires repeated handling, which may itself cause stress. Buprenorphine SR-LAB, which reportedly maintains serum levels of buprenorphine greater than 1 ng/mL for 48 to 72 h, is commercially available. However, the viscosity of the product and small dosing volumes make accurate dosing a challenge. Simbadol is a concentrated formulation of buprenorphine hydrochloride labeled for use in cats with recommended dosing frequency of every 24 h. We measured serum concentrations over time after a single injection of this product in C57BL/6NCrl mice and compared it to standard buprenorphine (Buprenex) and Buprenorphine SR-LAB. Male and female mice were injected subcutaneously with one of the 3 buprenorphine formulations at a dose of 1 mg/kg at time 0. Groups of mice (n = 8) were euthanized at 1, 4, 8, 12, 16 h for all groups and 24 h for the Simbadol and the Buprenorphine SR-LAB. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to determine concentrations of buprenorphine in each serum sample. High concentrations were observed in both Simbadol and standard buprenorphine groups one hour after injection (>50 ng/mL). These groups had similar buprenorphine concentration curves, including rates of decline. The standard buprenorphine group had mean concentrations less than 1 ng/mL by 12 h and the Simbadol group by 16 h. In contrast, the Buprenorphine SR-LAB group remained above the 1 ng/mL therapeutic threshold throughout the 24 h. In addition, clinical signs, including increased activity, that lasted for up to an hour after the injection in the Simbadol and standard buprenorphine groups. We conclude that Simbadol does not offer dosing advantages over the standard buprenorphine formulation when given at 1 mg/kg. Buprenorphine SR-LAB maintained a steady concentration of buprenorphine above 1 ng/mL for at least 24 h, and as such is a superior choice for providing long-term analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Page H Myers
- Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - David R Goulding
- Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Rebecca A Wiltshire
- Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Christopher A McGee
- Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Angela B Dickerson
- Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Molly M Comins
- Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Min Shi
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Grace E Kissling
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Fred B Lih
- Mass Spectrometry Research and Support Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Leesa J Deterding
- Mass Spectrometry Research and Support Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Kathy E Laber-Laird
- Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Terry L Blankenship-Paris
- Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
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7
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Wang T, Ulrich H, Semyanov A, Illes P, Tang Y. Optical control of purinergic signaling. Purinergic Signal 2021; 17:385-392. [PMID: 34156578 PMCID: PMC8410941 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09799-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purinergic signaling plays a pivotal role in physiological processes and pathological conditions. Over the past decades, conventional pharmacological, biochemical, and molecular biology techniques have been utilized to investigate purinergic signaling cascades. However, none of them is capable of spatially and temporally manipulating purinergic signaling cascades. Currently, optical approaches, including optopharmacology and optogenetic, enable controlling purinergic signaling with low invasiveness and high spatiotemporal precision. In this mini-review, we discuss optical approaches for controlling purinergic signaling and their applications in basic and translational science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- International Collaborative Centre On Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signalling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Acupuncture and Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Henning Ulrich
- International Collaborative Centre On Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signalling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexey Semyanov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Peter Illes
- International Collaborative Centre On Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signalling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China. .,Rudolf Boehm Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Yong Tang
- International Collaborative Centre On Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signalling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China. .,Acupuncture and Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China.
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