1
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Wang YQ, Fu J, Feng Y, Zhao K, Wang L, Cai JY, Wang X, Chen T, Yang F, Hu JS, Xu B, Wang D, Wan LJ. Alkali Metal Cations Induce Structural Evolution on Au(111) During Cathodic Polarization. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:27713-27724. [PMID: 39324482 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c09404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
The activity of the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) is substantially affected by alkali metal cations (AM+) in electrolytes, yet the underlying mechanism is still controversial. Here, we employed electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy and in situ observed Au(111) surface roughening in AM+ electrolytes during cathodic polarization. The roughened surface is highly active for catalyzing the CO2RR due to the formation of surface low-coordinated Au atoms. The critical potential for surface roughening follows the order Cs+ > Rb+ > K+ > Na+ > Li+, and the surface proportion of roughened area decreases in the order of Cs+ > Rb+ > K+ > Na+ > Li+. Electrochemical CO2RR measurements demonstrate that the catalytic activity strongly correlates with the surface roughness. Furthermore, we found that AM+ is critical for surface roughening to occur. The results unveil the unrecognized effect of AM+ on the surface structural evolution and elucidate that the AM+-induced formation of surface high-activity sites contributes to the enhanced CO2RR in large AM+ electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiaju Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yue Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kaiyue Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ji-Yuan Cai
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ting Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jin-Song Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bingjun Xu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li-Jun Wan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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2
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Gao Y, Zhu B. Simulating Structural Dynamics of Metal Catalysts under Operative Conditions. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:8351-8359. [PMID: 39110671 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Structural reconstructions of metal catalysts have been recognized as common phenomena during catalytic reactions, which play a key role in their activities in heterogeneous catalysis. Precisely identifying the structures under the operative conditions becomes a prerequisite to establish a reliable structure-activity relationship and further rationalize the design of metal catalysts. However, real-time capture of the structural variations of catalysts at the atomic level with high-temporal resolution is a grand challenge for present in situ characterizations. During the past decade, significant progress has been made in theory to couple the structures with the reaction conditions to reproduce the experimental observations and predict the adsorbate-induced changes of catalysts in composition, morphology, size, etc. Modeling the dynamic correlation between the structure and activity of the metal catalysts brings us advanced knowledge of heterogeneous catalysis and becomes indispensable for accurate evaluation of the performance of metal catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Gao
- Photon Science Research Center for Carbon Dioxide, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science & Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Beien Zhu
- Photon Science Research Center for Carbon Dioxide, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science & Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
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3
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Luo W, Guo Z, Ye L, Wu S, Jiang Y, Xu P, Wang H, Qian J, Zhou X, Tang H, Ge Y, Guan J, Yang Z, Nie H. Electrical-Driven Directed-Evolution of Copper Nanowires Catalysts for Efficient Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2311336. [PMID: 38385851 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The electrocatalytic conversion of nitrate (NO3 -) to NH3 (NO3RR) at ambient conditions offers a promising alternative to the Haber-Bosch process. The pivotal factors in optimizing the proficient conversion of NO3 - into NH3 include enhancing the adsorption capabilities of the intermediates on the catalyst surface and expediting the hydrogenation steps. Herein, the Cu/Cu2O/Pi NWs catalyst is designed based on the directed-evolution strategy to achieve an efficient reduction of NO3‾. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of the OV-enriched Cu2O phase developed during the directed-evolution process and the pristine Cu phase, the catalyst exhibits improved adsorption performance for diverse NO3RR intermediates. Additionally, the phosphate group anchored on the catalyst's surface during the directed-evolution process facilitates water electrolysis, thereby generating Hads on the catalyst surface and promoting the hydrogenation step of NO3RR. As a result, the Cu/Cu2O/Pi NWs catalyst shows an excellent FE for NH3 (96.6%) and super-high NH3 yield rate of 1.2 mol h-1 gcat. -1 in 1 m KOH and 0.1 m KNO3 solution at -0.5 V versus RHE. Moreover, the catalyst's stability is enhanced by the stabilizing influence of the phosphate group on the Cu2O phase. This work highlights the promise of a directed-evolution approach in designing catalysts for NO3RR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Luo
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, P. R. China
| | - Zeyi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, P. R. China
| | - Ling Ye
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, P. R. China
| | - Shilu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, P. R. China
| | - Yingyang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, P. R. China
| | - Peng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, P. R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, P. R. China
| | - Jinjie Qian
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, P. R. China
| | - Xuemei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, P. R. China
| | - Hao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, P. R. China
| | - Yongjie Ge
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, P. R. China
| | - Jia Guan
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, P. R. China
- Institute of New Materials & Industrial Technology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, P. R. China
| | - Huagui Nie
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, P. R. China
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4
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Zhang Z, Gee W, Sautet P, Alexandrova AN. H and CO Co-Induced Roughening of Cu Surface in CO 2 Electroreduction Conditions. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:16119-16127. [PMID: 38815275 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The dynamic restructuring of Cu has been observed under electrochemical conditions, and it has been hypothesized to underlie the unique reactivity of Cu toward CO2 electroreduction. Roughening is one of the key surface phenomena for Cu activation, whereby numerous atomic vacancies and adatoms form. However, the atomic structure of such surface motifs in the presence of relevant adsorbates has remained elusive. Here, we explore the chemical space of Cu surface restructuring under coverage of CO and H in realistic electroreduction conditions, by combining grand canonical DFT and global optimization techniques, from which we construct a potential-dependent grand canonical ensemble representation. The regime of intermediate and mixed CO and H coverage─where structures exhibit some elevated surface Cu─is thermodynamically unfavorable yet kinetically inevitable. Therefore, we develop a quasi-kinetic Monte Carlo simulation to track the system's evolution during a simulated cathodic scan. We reveal the evolution path of the system across coverage space and identify the accessible metastable structures formed along the way. Chemical bonding analysis is performed on the metastable structures with elevated Cu*CO species to understand their formation mechanism. By molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations, the surface chemistry of the Cu*CO species is explored, and we identify plausible mechanisms via which the Cu*CO species may diffuse or dimerize. This work provides rich atomistic insights into the phenomenon of surface roughening and the structure of involved species. It also features generalizable methods to explore the chemical space of restructuring surfaces with mixed adsorbates and their nonequilibrium evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zisheng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90094, United States
| | - Winston Gee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90094, United States
| | - Philippe Sautet
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90094, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90094, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90094, United States
| | - Anastassia N Alexandrova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90094, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90094, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90094, United States
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5
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Fu Z, Ouyang Y, Wu M, Ling C, Wang J. Mechanism of surface oxygen-containing species promoted electrocatalytic CO 2 reduction. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:1410-1417. [PMID: 38480022 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Oxygen-containing species have been demonstrated to play a key role in facilitating electrocatalytic CO2 reduction (CO2RR), particularly in enhancing the selectivity towards multi-carbon (C2+) products. However, the underlying promotion mechanism is still under debate, which greatly limits the rational optimization of the catalytic performance of CO2RR. Herein, taking CO2 and O2 co-electrolysis over Cu as the prototype, we successfully clarified how O2 boosts CO2RR from a new perspective by employing comprehensive theoretical simulations. Our results demonstrated that O2 in feed gas can be rapidly reduced into *OH, leading to the partial oxidation of Cu surface under reduction conditions. Surface *OH accelerates the formation of quasi-specifically adsorbed K+ due to the electrostatic interaction between *OH and K+ ions, which significantly increases the concentration of K+ near the Cu surface. These quasi-specifically adsorbed K+ ions can not only lower the C-C coupling barriers but also promote the hydrogenation of CO2 to improve the CO yield rate, which are responsible for the remarkably enhanced efficiency of C2+ products. During the whole process, O2 co-electrolysis plays an indispensable role in stabilizing surface *OH. This mechanism can be also adopted to understand the effect of high pH of electrolyte and residual O in oxide-derived Cu (OD-Cu) on the catalytic efficiency towards C2+ products. Therefore, our work provides new insights into strategies for improving C2+ products on the Cu-based catalysts, i.e., maintaining partial oxidation of surface under reduction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanzhao Fu
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 21189, China
| | - Yixin Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 21189, China
| | - Mingliang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 21189, China
| | - Chongyi Ling
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 21189, China.
| | - Jinlan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 21189, China.
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6
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Yang F, Jiang S, Liu S, Beyer P, Mebs S, Haumann M, Roth C, Dau H. Dynamics of bulk and surface oxide evolution in copper foams for electrochemical CO 2 reduction. Commun Chem 2024; 7:66. [PMID: 38548895 PMCID: PMC10978924 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01151-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxide-derived copper (OD-Cu) materials exhibit extraordinary catalytic activities in the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR), which likely relates to non-metallic material constituents formed in transitions between the oxidized and the reduced material. In time-resolved operando experiment, we track the structural dynamics of copper oxide reduction and its re-formation separately in the bulk of the catalyst material and at its surface using X-ray absorption spectroscopy and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Surface-species transformations progress within seconds whereas the subsurface (bulk) processes unfold within minutes. Evidence is presented that electroreduction of OD-Cu foams results in kinetic trapping of subsurface (bulk) oxide species, especially for cycling between strongly oxidizing and reducing potentials. Specific reduction-oxidation protocols may optimize formation of bulk-oxide species and thereby catalytic properties. Together with the Raman-detected surface-adsorbed *OH and C-containing species, the oxide species could collectively facilitate *CO adsorption, resulting an enhanced selectivity towards valuable C2+ products during CO2RR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Si Liu
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Paul Beyer
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Stefan Mebs
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, Berlin, 14195, Germany.
| | - Michael Haumann
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Christina Roth
- Electrochemical Process Engineering, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, Bayreuth, 95447, Germany
| | - Holger Dau
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, Berlin, 14195, Germany.
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7
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Yan Y, Lei B, Wang X, Yao T, Xu P, Song B. Tuning the Catalytic Selectivity Toward C 2+ Oxygenate Products by Manipulating Cu Oxidation States in CO Electroreduction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:10138-10147. [PMID: 38364211 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Enhancing the reaction selectivity for multicarbon products (C2+) is an important goal for the electrochemical CO(2) reduction (ECO(2)R) process. Cuprous compounds have demonstrated promising C2+ selectivity in the ECO(2)R process, but further investigation is necessary to thoroughly elucidate their catalytic behavior toward C2+ oxygenate production. In this study, copper nitride-based materials with varying reduction rates were employed as precatalysts. Consequently, a relationship between the selectivity toward C2+ oxygenates and the Cu oxidation state during the ECOR process is established. Results of theoretical and experimental analyses reveal that the Cu0/Cu+ interface plays a key role in enhancing *CO adsorption while lowering the formation energy of *CH2CO, thereby promoting acetate production. This work highlights the significance of the Cu0/Cu+ interface in the regulation of C2+ oxygenate production and paves the way for the development of highly selective catalysts in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzhang Yan
- School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Bo Lei
- School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xianjie Wang
- School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Tai Yao
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ping Xu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Bo Song
- School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Zhengzhou Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Frontier Research Center of Space Environment Interacting with Matter, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
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8
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Liu Q, Jiang Q, Li L, Yang W. Spontaneous Reconstruction of Copper Active Sites during the Alkaline CORR: Degradation and Recovery of the Performance. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:4242-4251. [PMID: 38300828 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the reconstruction of electrocatalysts under operational conditions is essential for studying their catalytic mechanisms and industrial applications. Herein, using spatiotemporally resolved Raman spectroscopy with CO as a probe molecule, we resolved the spontaneous reconstruction of Cu active sites during cathodic CO reduction reactions (CORRs). Quasi-in situ focused ion beam transmission electron microscopy (FIB-TEM) revealed that under prolonged electrolysis, the Cu surface can reconstruct to form nanometer-sized Cu particles with (111)/(100) facets and abundant grain boundaries, which strongly favor the formation of an inactive *CObridge binding site and deteriorate the CORR performance. A short period of anodic oxidation can efficiently remove these reconstructed nanoparticles by quick dissolution of Cu, thus providing an effective strategy to regenerate the Cu catalysts and recover their CORR performance. This study provides real-time in situ observations of Cu reconstruction and changes in the binding of key reaction intermediates, highlighting the decisive role of the local active site, rather than the macroscopic morphology, on adsorption of key reaction intermediates and thus CORR performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiliang Liu
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels and Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou 310030,Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
- Division of Solar Energy Conversion and Catalysis at Westlake University, Zhejiang Baima Lake Laboratory Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang,China
| | - Qike Jiang
- Instrumentation and Service Center for Physical Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ling Li
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels and Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou 310030,Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
- Division of Solar Energy Conversion and Catalysis at Westlake University, Zhejiang Baima Lake Laboratory Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang,China
| | - Wenxing Yang
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels and Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou 310030,Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
- Division of Solar Energy Conversion and Catalysis at Westlake University, Zhejiang Baima Lake Laboratory Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang,China
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9
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Winkler D, Leitner M, Auer A, Kunze-Liebhäuser J. The Relevance of the Interfacial Water Reactivity for Electrochemical CO Reduction on Copper Single Crystals. ACS Catal 2024; 14:1098-1106. [PMID: 38269043 PMCID: PMC10806897 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c02700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The electrochemical reduction of CO2 is an important electrolysis reaction that enables the conversion of a waste gas to fuels or value-added chemicals. To make this reaction viable, a profound understanding of central intermediate steps, such as the CO electroreduction, is required. On Cu, the CO reduction reaction (CORR) is intimately linked to the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) that proceeds via the reduction of water in alkaline or neutral electrolytes. Here, we demonstrate that the interaction of water or more specifically the water reduction kinetics on differently smooth Cu(100) and Cu(111) surfaces during the CORR in alkaline media significantly governs the CORR. On Cu(111), faster HER kinetics and the highest CORR activity are observed, even though HER and CORR onsets are more negative. While on Cu(100) small Cu ad-island clusters form in the cathodic potential range only when CO is present, structural changes appear on a larger length scale on Cu(111) both under CORR conditions and when no CO is present. These differences in the reconstruction characteristics may be attributed to the dominance of either the CORR and its intermediates or the HER on the different Cu surfaces. Therefore, the interfacial water reactivity is considered an essential activity descriptor for the CORR on Cu in alkaline media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Winkler
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Matthias Leitner
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andrea Auer
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Julia Kunze-Liebhäuser
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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10
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Xu J, Meng J, Hu Y, Liu Y, Lou Y, Bai W, Dou S, Yu H, Wang S. Electrocatalytic Lignin Valorization into Aromatic Products via Oxidative Cleavage of C α-C β Bonds. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 6:0288. [PMID: 38111679 PMCID: PMC10726294 DOI: 10.34133/research.0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is the most promising candidate for producing aromatic compounds from biomass. However, the challenge lies in the cleavage of C-C bonds between lignin monomers under mild conditions, as these bonds have high dissociation energy. Electrochemical oxidation, which allows for mild cleavage of C-C bonds, is considered an attractive solution. To achieve low-energy consumption in the valorization of lignin, the use of highly efficient electrocatalysts is essential. In this study, a meticulously designed catalyst consisting of cobalt-doped nickel (oxy)hydroxide on molybdenum disulfide heterojunction was developed. The presence of molybdenum in a high valence state promoted the adsorption of tert-butyl hydroperoxide, leading to the formation of critical radical intermediates. In addition, the incorporation of cobalt doping regulated the electronic structure of nickel, resulting in a lower energy barrier. As a result, the heterojunction catalyst demonstrated a selectivity of 85.36% for cleaving the Cα-Cβ bond in lignin model compound, achieving a substrate conversion of 93.69% under ambient conditions. In addition, the electrocatalyst depolymerized 49.82 wt% of soluble fractions from organosolv lignin (OL), resulting in a yield of up to 13 wt% of aromatic monomers. Significantly, the effectiveness of the prepared electrocatalyst was also demonstrated using industrial Kraft lignin (KL). Therefore, this research offers a practical approach for implementing electrocatalytic oxidation in lignin refining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education,
Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Juan Meng
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering,
Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education,
Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yongzhuang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education,
Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yuhan Lou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education,
Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Wenjing Bai
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education,
Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Shuo Dou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education,
Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Haipeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education,
Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Shuangyin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chem/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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11
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Andersen M. Machine learning speeds up search for surface structure. NATURE COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 3:1009-1010. [PMID: 38177731 DOI: 10.1038/s43588-023-00575-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Mie Andersen
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
- Center for Interstellar Catalysis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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12
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Zhao H, Lv X, Wang Y. Realistic Modeling of the Electrocatalytic Process at Complex Solid-Liquid Interface. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303677. [PMID: 37749877 PMCID: PMC10646274 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The rational design of electrocatalysis has emerged as one of the most thriving means for mitigating energy and environmental crises. The key to this effort is the understanding of the complex electrochemical interface, wherein the electrode potential as well as various internal factors such as H-bond network, adsorbate coverage, and dynamic behavior of the interface collectively contribute to the electrocatalytic activity and selectivity. In this context, the authors have reviewed recent theoretical advances, and especially, the contributions to modeling the realistic electrocatalytic processes at complex electrochemical interfaces, and illustrated the challenges and fundamental problems in this field. Specifically, the significance of the inclusion of explicit solvation and electrode potential as well as the strategies toward the design of highly efficient electrocatalysts are discussed. The structure-activity relationships and their dynamic responses to the environment and catalytic functionality under working conditions are illustrated to be crucial factors for understanding the complexed interface and the electrocatalytic activities. It is hoped that this review can help spark new research passion and ultimately bring a step closer to a realistic and systematic modeling method for electrocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of CatalysisSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdong518055China
| | - Xinmao Lv
- Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of CatalysisSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdong518055China
| | - Yang‐Gang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of CatalysisSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdong518055China
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13
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Yan T, Chen X, Kumari L, Lin J, Li M, Fan Q, Chi H, Meyer TJ, Zhang S, Ma X. Multiscale CO 2 Electrocatalysis to C 2+ Products: Reaction Mechanisms, Catalyst Design, and Device Fabrication. Chem Rev 2023; 123:10530-10583. [PMID: 37589482 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Electrosynthesis of value-added chemicals, directly from CO2, could foster achievement of carbon neutral through an alternative electrical approach to the energy-intensive thermochemical industry for carbon utilization. Progress in this area, based on electrogeneration of multicarbon products through CO2 electroreduction, however, lags far behind that for C1 products. Reaction routes are complicated and kinetics are slow with scale up to the high levels required for commercialization, posing significant problems. In this review, we identify and summarize state-of-art progress in multicarbon synthesis with a multiscale perspective and discuss current hurdles to be resolved for multicarbon generation from CO2 reduction including atomistic mechanisms, nanoscale electrocatalysts, microscale electrodes, and macroscale electrolyzers with guidelines for future research. The review ends with a cross-scale perspective that links discrepancies between different approaches with extensions to performance and stability issues that arise from extensions to an industrial environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiang Yan
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaoyi Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Lata Kumari
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jianlong Lin
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Minglu Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Qun Fan
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Haoyuan Chi
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Thomas J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Xinbin Ma
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
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14
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Mairegger T, Li H, Grießer C, Winkler D, Filser J, Hörmann NG, Reuter K, Kunze-Liebhäuser J. Electroreduction of CO 2 in a Non-aqueous Electrolyte-The Generic Role of Acetonitrile. ACS Catal 2023; 13:5780-5786. [PMID: 37180961 PMCID: PMC10167651 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal carbides, especially Mo2C, are praised to be efficient electrocatalysts to reduce CO2 to valuable hydrocarbons. However, on Mo2C in an aqueous electrolyte, exclusively the competing hydrogen evolution reaction takes place, and this discrepancy to theory was traced back to the formation of a thin oxide layer at the electrode surface. Here, we study the CO2 reduction activity at Mo2C in a non-aqueous electrolyte to avoid such passivation and to determine products and the CO2 reduction reaction pathway. We find a tendency of CO2 to reduce to carbon monoxide. This process is inevitably coupled with the decomposition of acetonitrile to a 3-aminocrotonitrile anion. Furthermore, a unique behavior of the non-aqueous acetonitrile electrolyte is found, where the electrolyte, instead of the electrocatalyst, governs the catalytic selectivity of the CO2 reduction. This is evidenced by in situ electrochemical infrared spectroscopy on different electrocatalysts as well as by density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Mairegger
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Haobo Li
- School
of Chemical Engineering, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - Christoph Grießer
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Daniel Winkler
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Jakob Filser
- Theory
Department, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Nicolas G. Hörmann
- Theory
Department, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Karsten Reuter
- Theory
Department, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Julia Kunze-Liebhäuser
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
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15
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Schmidt TO, Haid RW, Gubanova EL, Kluge RM, Bandarenka AS. Electrochemical Scanning Tunneling Microscopy as a Tool for the Detection of Active Electrocatalytic Sites. Top Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-023-01807-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
AbstractTo advance meaningful guidelines in the design of electrocatalytically active catalysts, a knowledge of the nature of active sites is the starting point. However, multiple factors such as material composition, site coordination, electrolyte effects, the support material, surface strain, and others influence catalytic behavior. Therefore, the identification of active sites can be complex. A substantial contributor can be in-situ experiments, which are able to identify active centers in a specific system while the reaction takes place. An example of such a technique is electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (EC-STM), which relates locally confined noise features to local electrocatalytic activity. In this work, we spotlight recent achievements of this technique with respect to palladium (Pd) surfaces for the hydrogen reduction reaction, where strain due to hydride formation comes into play in addition to surface coordination. Secondly, we demonstrate the high resolution of the technique on graphite-based surfaces. Here, edge sites are particularly active. Thus, with the EC-STM technique, we take strain effects (like on Pd) or effects of coordination (like on carbon) into account. Therefore, we can determine active sites with great accuracy under reaction conditions.
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16
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Zhao T, Li J, Liu J, Liu F, Xu K, Yu M, Xu W, Cheng F. Tailoring the Catalytic Microenvironment of Cu 2O with SiO 2 to Enhance C 2+ Product Selectivity in CO 2 Electroreduction. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tete Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Engineering Research Center of High-Efficiency Energy Storage (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jinhan Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Engineering Research Center of High-Efficiency Energy Storage (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jiuding Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Engineering Research Center of High-Efficiency Energy Storage (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Fangming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Engineering Research Center of High-Efficiency Energy Storage (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Keqiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Engineering Research Center of High-Efficiency Energy Storage (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Meng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Engineering Research Center of High-Efficiency Energy Storage (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Wence Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Engineering Research Center of High-Efficiency Energy Storage (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Fangyi Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Engineering Research Center of High-Efficiency Energy Storage (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
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17
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Liang L, Feng Q, Wang X, Hübner J, Gernert U, Heggen M, Wu L, Hellmann T, Hofmann JP, Strasser P. Electroreduction of CO 2 on Au(310)@Cu High-index Facets. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218039. [PMID: 36656994 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The chemical selectivity and faradaic efficiency of high-index Cu facets for the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2 RR) is investigated. More specifically, shape-controlled nanoparticles enclosed by Cu {hk0} facets are fabricated using Cu multilayer deposition at three distinct layer thicknesses on the surface facets of Au truncated ditetragonal nanoprisms (Au DTPs). Au DTPs are shapes enclosed by 12 high-index {310} facets. Facet angle analysis confirms DTP geometry. Elemental mapping analysis shows Cu surface layers are uniformly distributed on the Au {310} facets of the DTPs. The 7 nm Au@Cu DTPs high-index {hk0} facets exhibit a CH4 : CO product ratio of almost 10 : 1 compared to a 1 : 1 ratio for the reference 7 nm Au@Cu nanoparticles (NPs). Operando Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra disclose reactive adsorbed *CO as the main intermediate, whereas CO stripping experiments reveal the high-index facets enhance the *CO formation followed by rapid desorption or hydrogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division, Technical University Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Quanchen Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division, Technical University Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Xingli Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division, Technical University Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jessica Hübner
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division, Technical University Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Gernert
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Center for Electron Microscopy (ZELMI), Technical University Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marc Heggen
- Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Longfei Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division, Technical University Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tim Hellmann
- Surface Science Laboratory, Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Technical University of Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Straße 3, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jan P Hofmann
- Surface Science Laboratory, Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Technical University of Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Straße 3, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Peter Strasser
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division, Technical University Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623, Berlin, Germany
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18
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Nguyen VT, Kim H, Lee D. Enhanced methanol oxidation using porous Pd/Cdot nanocomposite synthesized with controlled morphology. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2023.110548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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19
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Shao F, Xia Z, You F, Wong JK, Low QH, Xiao H, Yeo BS. Surface Water as an Initial Proton Source for the Electrochemical CO Reduction Reaction on Copper Surfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214210. [PMID: 36369647 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We have employed in situ electrochemical shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SHINERS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations to study the CO reduction reaction (CORR) on Cu single-crystal surfaces under various conditions. Coadsorbed and structure-/potential-dependent surface species, including *CO, Cu-Oad , and Cu-OHad , were identified using electrochemical spectroscopy and isotope labeling. The relative abundance of *OH follows a "volcano" trend with applied potentials in aqueous solutions, which is yet absent in absolute alcoholic solutions. Combined with DFT calculations, we propose that the surface H2 O can serve as a strong proton donor for the first protonation step in both the C1 and C2 pathways of CORR at various applied potentials in alkaline electrolytes, leaving adsorbed *OH on the surface. This work provides fresh insights into the initial protonation steps and identity of key interfacial intermediates formed during CORR on Cu surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Zhaoming Xia
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Futian You
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Jun Kit Wong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Qi Hang Low
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Hai Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Boon Siang Yeo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
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20
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Amirbeigiarab R, Bagger A, Tian J, Rossmeisl J, Magnussen OM. Structure of the (Bi)carbonate Adlayer on Cu(100) Electrodes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202211360. [PMID: 36122295 PMCID: PMC9827965 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
(Bi)carbonate adsorption on Cu(100) in 0.1 M KHCO3 has been studied by in situ scanning tunneling microscopy. Coexistence of different ordered adlayer phases with ( 2 ${\sqrt{2}}$ ×6 2 ${\sqrt{2}}$ )R45° and (4×4) unit cells was observed in the double layer potential regime. The adlayer is rather dynamic and undergoes a reversible order-disorder phase transition at 0 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode. Density functional calculations indicate that the adlayer consists of coadsorbed carbonate and water molecules and is strongly stabilized by liquid water in the adjacent electrolyte.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander Bagger
- Center of High Entropy Alloy Catalysis (CHEAC)Department of ChemistryUniversity of CopenhagenUniversitetsparken 52100CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Jing Tian
- Institute of Experimental and Applied PhysicsKiel University24098KielGermany
| | - Jan Rossmeisl
- Center of High Entropy Alloy Catalysis (CHEAC)Department of ChemistryUniversity of CopenhagenUniversitetsparken 52100CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Olaf M. Magnussen
- Institute of Experimental and Applied PhysicsKiel University24098KielGermany
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21
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Pt-O-Cu Anchored on Fe2O3 Boosting Electrochemical Water-gas Shift Reaction for Highly Efficient H2 Generation. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2022.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Deng B, Zhao X, Li Y, Huang M, Zhang S, Dong F. Active site identification and engineering during the dynamic evolution of copper-based catalysts for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1412-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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23
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Zhang Z, Wei Z, Sautet P, Alexandrova AN. Hydrogen-Induced Restructuring of a Cu(100) Electrode in Electroreduction Conditions. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:19284-19293. [PMID: 36227161 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The rearrangement of Cu surfaces under electrochemical conditions is known to play a key role in the surface activation for major electrocatalytic reactions. Despite the extensive experimental insights into such rearrangements, from surface-sensitive spectroscopy and microscopy, the spatial and temporal resolution of these methods is insufficient to provide an atomistic picture of the electrochemical interface. Theoretical characterization has also been challenged by the diversity of restructuring configurations, surface stoichiometry, adsorbate configurations, and the effect of the electrode potential. Here, atomistic insight into the restructuring of the electrochemical interface is gained from first principles. Cu(100) restructuring under varying applied potentials and adsorbate coverages is studied by grand canonical density functional theory and global optimization techniques, as well as ab initio molecular dynamics and mechanistic calculations. We show that electroreduction conditions cause the formation of a shifted-row reconstruction on Cu(100), induced by hydrogen adsorption. The reconstruction is initiated at 1/6 ML H coverage, when the Cu-H bonding sufficiently weakens the Cu-Cu bonds between the top- and sublayer, and further stabilized at 1/3 ML when H adsorbates fill all the created 3-fold hollow sites. The simulated scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images of the calculated reconstructed interfaces agree with experimental in situ STM. However, compared to the thermodynamic prediction, the onsets of reconstruction events in the experiment occur at more negative applied voltages. This is attributed to kinetic effects in restructuring, which we describe via different statistical models, to produce the potential- and pH-dependent surface stability diagram. This manuscript provides rich atomistic insight into surface restructuring in electroreduction conditions, which is required for the understanding and design of Cu-based materials for electrocatalytic processes. It also offers the methodology to study the problem of in situ electrode reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zisheng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California90094, United States
| | - Ziyang Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California90094, United States
| | - Philippe Sautet
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California90094, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California90094, United States.,California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California90094, United States
| | - Anastassia N Alexandrova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California90094, United States.,California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California90094, United States
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24
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Huang YH, Lin JS, Zhang FL, Zhang YJ, Lin XM, Jin SZ, Li JF. Exploring interfacial electrocatalytic reactions by shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2022.101622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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25
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Shao F, Wong JK, Low QH, Iannuzzi M, Li J, Lan J. In situ spectroelectrochemical probing of CO redox landscape on copper single-crystal surfaces. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2118166119. [PMID: 35858341 PMCID: PMC9304001 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2118166119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical reduction of CO(2) to value-added chemicals and fuels is a promising strategy to sustain pressing renewable energy demands and to address climate change issues. Direct observation of reaction intermediates during the CO(2) reduction reaction will contribute to mechanistic understandings and thus promote the design of catalysts with the desired activity, selectivity, and stability. Herein, we combined in situ electrochemical shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and ab initio molecular dynamics calculations to investigate the CORR process on Cu single-crystal surfaces in various electrolytes. Competing redox pathways and coexistent intermediates of CO adsorption (*COatop and *CObridge), dimerization (protonated dimer *HOCCOH and its dehydrated *CCO), oxidation (*CO2- and *CO32-), and hydrogenation (*CHO), as well as Cu-Oad/Cu-OHad species at Cu-electrolyte interfaces, were simultaneously identified using in situ spectroscopy and further confirmed with isotope-labeling experiments. With AIMD simulations, we report accurate vibrational frequency assignments of these intermediates based on the calculated vibrational density of states and reveal the corresponding species in the electrochemical CO redox landscape on Cu surfaces. Our findings provide direct insights into key intermediates during the CO(2)RR and offer a full-spectroscopic tool (40-4,000 cm-1) for future mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Jun Kit Wong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Qi Hang Low
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117574, Singapore
| | - Marcella Iannuzzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Jingguo Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Jinggang Lan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
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26
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Zheng W, Lee LYS. Observing Electrocatalytic Processes via In Situ Electrochemical Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Latest Advances. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200384. [PMID: 35621190 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Electrocatalysis is the foundation of many techniques that are currently used to address both environmental and energy problems. Therefore, understanding electrocatalytic processes is essential to guide the rational design of electrocatalysts. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), which was developed in the 1980s, remains one of the few techniques that allow surface imaging at the atomic level, making it incredibly useful in electrocatalytic research. In this review, we introduced the basic concept and latest applications of the STM technique for in situ studies of electrocatalytic processes, particularly its capability in analyzing species adsorption/desorption, surface reconstruction, active site identification, and electrocatalyst dissolution, as well as its advantages and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiran Zheng
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, HONG KONG
| | - Lawrence Yoon Suk Lee
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, ., Hung Hom, HONG KONG
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27
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Kluge RM, Psaltis E, Haid RW, Hou S, Schmidt TO, Schneider O, Garlyyev B, Calle-Vallejo F, Bandarenka AS. Revealing the Nature of Active Sites on Pt-Gd and Pt-Pr Alloys during the Oxygen Reduction Reaction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:19604-19613. [PMID: 35442013 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
For large-scale applications of hydrogen fuel cells, the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) have to be overcome. So far, only platinum (Pt)-group catalysts have shown adequate performance and stability. A well-known approach to increase the efficiency and decrease the Pt loading is to alloy Pt with other metals. Still, for catalyst optimization, the nature of the active sites is crucial. In this work, electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (EC-STM) is used to probe the ORR active areas on Pt5Gd and Pt5Pr in acidic media under reaction conditions. The technique detects localized fluctuations in the EC-STM signal, which indicates differences in the local activity. The in situ experiments, supported by coordination-activity plots based on density functional theory calculations, show that the compressed Pt-lanthanide (111) terraces contribute the most to the overall activity. Sites with higher coordination, as found at the bottom of step edges or concavities, remain relatively inactive. Sites of lower coordination, as found near the top of step edges, show higher activity, presumably due to an interplay of strain and steric hindrance effects. These findings should be vital in designing nanostructured Pt-lanthanide electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina M Kluge
- Physik-Department ECS, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Eleftherios Psaltis
- Physik-Department ECS, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Richard W Haid
- Physik-Department ECS, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Shujin Hou
- Physik-Department ECS, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Catalysis Research Center TUM, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Thorsten O Schmidt
- Physik-Department ECS, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Oliver Schneider
- Institut für Informatik VI, Technische Universität München, Schleißheimerstraße 90a, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Batyr Garlyyev
- Physik-Department ECS, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Federico Calle-Vallejo
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Physics & Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (IQTCUB), University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aliaksandr S Bandarenka
- Physik-Department ECS, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Catalysis Research Center TUM, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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28
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Mekazni DS, Arán-Ais RM, Ferre-Vilaplana A, Herrero E. Why Methanol Electro-oxidation on Platinum in Water Takes Place Only in the Presence of Adsorbed OH. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dalila S. Mekazni
- Instituto de Electroquímica, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Arán-Ais
- Instituto de Electroquímica, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Adolfo Ferre-Vilaplana
- Instituto Tecnológico de Informática, Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Camino de Vera s/n, E-46022 Valencia, Spain
- Departamento de Sistemas Informáticos y Computación, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Alcoy, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell s/n, E-03801 Alcoy, Spain
| | - Enrique Herrero
- Instituto de Electroquímica, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
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29
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Cu(111) single crystal electrodes: Modifying interfacial properties to tailor electrocatalysis. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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30
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Nie W, Zhu Q, Gao Y, Wang Z, Liu Y, Wang X, Chen R, Fan F, Li C. Visualizing the Spatial Heterogeneity of Electron Transfer on a Metallic Nanoplate Prism. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:8901-8909. [PMID: 34647747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The involvement between electron transfer (ET) and catalytic reaction at the electrocatalyst surface makes the electrochemical process challenging to understand and control. Even ET process, a primary step, is still ambiguous because it is unclear how the ET process is related to the nanostructured electrocatalyst. Herein, locally enhanced ET current dominated by mass transport effect at corner and edge sites bounded by {111} facets on single Au triangular nanoplates was clearly imaged. After decoupling mass transport effect, the ET rate constant of corner sites was measured to be about 2-fold that of basal {111} plane. Further, we demonstrated that spatial heterogeneity of local inner potential differences of Au nanoplates/solution interfaces plays a key role in the ET process, supported by the linear correlation between the logarithm of rate constants and the potential differences of different sites. These results provide direct images for heterogeneous ET, which helps to understand and control the nanoscopic electrochemical process and electrode design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, The Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qianhong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, The Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuying Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, The Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Ziyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, The Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian 116023, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, The Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, The Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Ruotian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, The Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Fengtao Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, The Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Can Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, The Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian 116023, China
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31
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Auer A, Sarabia FJ, Winkler D, Griesser C, Climent V, Feliu JM, Kunze-Liebhäuser J. Interfacial Water Structure as a Descriptor for Its Electro-Reduction on Ni(OH) 2-Modified Cu(111). ACS Catal 2021; 11:10324-10332. [PMID: 34476113 PMCID: PMC8383263 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The hydrogen evolution
reaction (HER) has been crucial for the
development of fundamental knowledge on electrocatalysis and electrochemistry,
in general. In alkaline media, many key questions concerning pH-dependent
structure–activity relations and the underlying activity descriptors
remain unclear. While the presence of Ni(OH)2 deposited
on Pt(111) has been shown to highly improve the rate of the HER through
the electrode’s bifunctionality, no studies exist on how low
coverages of Ni(OH)2 influence the electrocatalytic behavior
of Cu surfaces, which is a low-cost alternative to Pt. Here, we demonstrate
that Cu(111) modified with 0.1 and 0.2 monolayers (ML) of Ni(OH)2 exhibits an unusual non-linear activity trend with increasing
coverage. By combining in situ structural investigations
with studies on the interfacial water orientation using electrochemical
scanning tunneling microscopy and laser-induced temperature jump experiments,
we find a correlation between a particular threshold of surface roughness
and the decrease in the ordering of the water network at the interface.
The highly disordered water ad-layer close to the onset of the HER,
which is only present for 0.2 ML of Ni(OH)2, facilitates
the reorganization of the interfacial water molecules to accommodate
for charge transfer, thus enhancing the rate of the reaction. These
findings strongly suggest a general validity of the interfacial water
reorganization as an activity descriptor for the HER in alkaline media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Auer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Francisco J. Sarabia
- Instituto Universitario de Electroquímica, Universidad de Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, E-03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - Daniel Winkler
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Christoph Griesser
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Víctor Climent
- Instituto Universitario de Electroquímica, Universidad de Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, E-03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - Juan M. Feliu
- Instituto Universitario de Electroquímica, Universidad de Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, E-03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - Julia Kunze-Liebhäuser
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
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32
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Gao L, Cui X, Sewell CD, Li J, Lin Z. Recent advances in activating surface reconstruction for the high-efficiency oxygen evolution reaction. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:8428-8469. [PMID: 34259239 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00962h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A climax in the development of cost-effective and high-efficiency transition metal-based electrocatalysts has been witnessed recently for sustainable energy and related conversion technologies. In this regard, structure-activity relationships based on several descriptors have already been proposed to rationally design electrocatalysts. However, the dynamic reconstruction of the surface structures and compositions of catalysts during electrocatalytic water oxidation, especially during the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER), complicate the streamlined prediction of the catalytic activity. With the achievements in operando and in situ techniques, it has been found that electrocatalysts undergo surface reconstruction to form the actual active species in situ accompanied with an increase in their oxidation state during OER in alkaline solution. Accordingly, a thorough understanding of the surface reconstruction process plays a critical role in establishing unambiguous structure-composition-property relationships in pursuit of high-efficiency electrocatalysts. However, several issues still need to be explored before high electrocatalytic activities can be realized, as follows: (1) the identification of initiators and pathways for surface reconstruction, (2) establishing the relationships between structure, composition, and electrocatalytic activity, and (3) the rational manipulation of in situ catalyst surface reconstruction. In this review, the recent progress in the surface reconstruction of transition metal-based OER catalysts including oxides, non-oxides, hydroxides and alloys is summarized, emphasizing the fundamental understanding of reconstruction behavior from the original precatalysts to the actual catalysts based on operando analysis and theoretical calculations. The state-of-the-art strategies to tailor the surface reconstruction such as substituting/doping with metals, introducing anions, incorporating oxygen vacancies, tuning morphologies and exploiting plasmonic/thermal/photothermal effects are then introduced. Notably, comprehensive operando/in situ characterization together with computational calculations are responsible for unveiling the improvement mechanism for OER. By delivering the progress, strategies, insights, techniques, and perspectives, this review will provide a comprehensive understanding of the surface reconstruction in transition metal-based OER catalysts and future guidelines for their rational development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Likun Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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33
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Unraveling the role of electrolytes during electrochemical oxidation by differential electrochemical mass spectrometry. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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34
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Giessibl FJ. Probing the Nature of Chemical Bonds by Atomic Force Microscopy. Molecules 2021; 26:4068. [PMID: 34279408 PMCID: PMC8271455 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26134068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The nature of the chemical bond is important in all natural sciences, ranging from biology to chemistry, physics and materials science. The atomic force microscope (AFM) allows to put a single chemical bond on the test bench, probing its strength and angular dependence. We review experimental AFM data, covering precise studies of van-der-Waals-, covalent-, ionic-, metallic- and hydrogen bonds as well as bonds between artificial and natural atoms. Further, we discuss some of the density functional theory calculations that are related to the experimental studies of the chemical bonds. A description of frequency modulation AFM, the most precise AFM method, discusses some of the experimental challenges in measuring bonding forces. In frequency modulation AFM, forces between the tip of an oscillating cantilever change its frequency. Initially, cantilevers were made mainly from silicon. Most of the high precision measurements of bonding strengths by AFM became possible with a technology transfer from the quartz watch technology to AFM by using quartz-based cantilevers ("qPlus force sensors"), briefly described here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz J Giessibl
- Chair for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
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35
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Liang Y, Ma T, Xiong Y, Qiu L, Yu H, Liang F. Highly efficient blackberry-like trimetallic PdAuCu nanoparticles with optimized Pd content for ethanol electrooxidation. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:9960-9970. [PMID: 34018506 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr00841b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The rational design of highly efficient catalysts for ethanol electrooxidation is extremely challenging for developing direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs). Herein, a facile one-pot method has been developed to prepare blackberry-like PdAuCu nanoparticles (NPs) with tunable composition and surface structures. Among PdAuCu NPs with different Pd contents (1.6-22 mass%), PdAuCu NPs-0.5 (contained Pd at 2.5 mass%) delivered one of the highest catalytic activities of Pd-based catalysts towards ethanol electrooxidation, exhibiting a mass activity of 23.0 A mgPd-1. Kinetic analysis, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and CO stripping test results suggested that the excellent electrocatalytic activity may originate from the optimized balance between Pd content and surface structure of PdAuCu NPs-0.5. The optimization of the balance between composition and surface structure would contribute to the further design of multimetallic nanoparticles for fuel cells and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyin Liang
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China.
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36
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Pfaff S, Larsson A, Orlov D, Harlow GS, Abbondanza G, Linpé W, Rämisch L, Gericke SM, Zetterberg J, Lundgren E. Operando Reflectance Microscopy on Polycrystalline Surfaces in Thermal Catalysis, Electrocatalysis, and Corrosion. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:19530-19540. [PMID: 33870682 PMCID: PMC8288973 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c04961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a microscope with a spatial resolution of 5 μm, which can be used to image the two-dimensional surface optical reflectance (2D-SOR) of polycrystalline samples in operando conditions. Within the field of surface science, operando tools that give information about the surface structure or chemistry of a sample under realistic experimental conditions have proven to be very valuable to understand the intrinsic reaction mechanisms in thermal catalysis, electrocatalysis, and corrosion science. To study heterogeneous surfaces in situ, the experimental technique must both have spatial resolution and be able to probe through gas or electrolyte. Traditional electron-based surface science techniques are difficult to use under high gas pressure conditions or in an electrolyte due to the short mean free path of electrons. Since it uses visible light, SOR can easily be used under high gas pressure conditions and in the presence of an electrolyte. In this work, we use SOR in combination with a light microscope to gain information about the surface under realistic experimental conditions. We demonstrate this by studying the different grains of three polycrystalline samples: Pd during CO oxidation, Au in electrocatalysis, and duplex stainless steel in corrosion. Optical light-based techniques such as SOR could prove to be a good alternative or addition to more complicated techniques in improving our understanding of complex polycrystalline surfaces with operando measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Pfaff
- Combustion
Physics, Lund University, Sölvegatan 14, S-22363 Lund, Sweden
| | - Alfred Larsson
- Division
of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund
University, Sölvegatan
14, S-22363 Lund, Sweden
| | - Dmytro Orlov
- Materials
Engineering, Lund University, Ole Römers väg 1, S-22363 Lund, Sweden
| | - Gary S. Harlow
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Giuseppe Abbondanza
- Division
of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund
University, Sölvegatan
14, S-22363 Lund, Sweden
| | - Weronica Linpé
- Division
of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund
University, Sölvegatan
14, S-22363 Lund, Sweden
| | - Lisa Rämisch
- Combustion
Physics, Lund University, Sölvegatan 14, S-22363 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sabrina M. Gericke
- Combustion
Physics, Lund University, Sölvegatan 14, S-22363 Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Zetterberg
- Combustion
Physics, Lund University, Sölvegatan 14, S-22363 Lund, Sweden
| | - Edvin Lundgren
- Division
of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund
University, Sölvegatan
14, S-22363 Lund, Sweden
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37
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Griesser C, Li H, Wernig EM, Winkler D, Shakibi Nia N, Mairegger T, Götsch T, Schachinger T, Steiger-Thirsfeld A, Penner S, Wielend D, Egger D, Scheurer C, Reuter K, Kunze-Liebhäuser J. True Nature of the Transition-Metal Carbide/Liquid Interface Determines Its Reactivity. ACS Catal 2021; 11:4920-4928. [PMID: 33898080 PMCID: PMC8057231 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Compound materials, such as transition-metal (TM) carbides, are anticipated to be effective electrocatalysts for the carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) to useful chemicals. This expectation is nurtured by density functional theory (DFT) predictions of a break of key adsorption energy scaling relations that limit CO2RR at parent TMs. Here, we evaluate these prospects for hexagonal Mo2C in aqueous electrolytes in a multimethod experiment and theory approach. We find that surface oxide formation completely suppresses the CO2 activation. The oxides are stable down to potentials as low as -1.9 V versus the standard hydrogen electrode, and solely the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is found to be active. This generally points to the absolute imperative of recognizing the true interface establishing under operando conditions in computational screening of catalyst materials. When protected from ambient air and used in nonaqueous electrolyte, Mo2C indeed shows CO2RR activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Griesser
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Haobo Li
- Chair
of Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Wernig
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniel Winkler
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Niusha Shakibi Nia
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Mairegger
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Götsch
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Department
of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max Planck Institute
for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Schachinger
- University
Service Center for Transmission Electron Microscopy, TU Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Simon Penner
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dominik Wielend
- Linz Institute
for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS)/Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - David Egger
- Chair
of Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Scheurer
- Chair
of Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Karsten Reuter
- Chair
of Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Kunze-Liebhäuser
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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38
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Liu Y, Jiang H, Hou Z. Hidden Mechanism Behind the Roughness‐Enhanced Selectivity of Carbon Monoxide Electrocatalytic Reduction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yinghuan Liu
- Department of Chemical Physics & Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Huijun Jiang
- Department of Chemical Physics & Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Zhonghuai Hou
- Department of Chemical Physics & Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
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39
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Liu Y, Jiang H, Hou Z. Hidden Mechanism Behind the Roughness-Enhanced Selectivity of Carbon Monoxide Electrocatalytic Reduction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:11133-11137. [PMID: 33660382 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
High roughness has been proved to be an effective design strategy for electrocatalyst in many systems. Especially, high selectivity of carbon monoxide reduction (CORR) in competition with the hydrogen evolution reaction has been observed on high roughness electrocatalysts. However, the two well-known mechanisms, i.e., decreasing the energy barrier of CORR and increasing local pH, failed to understand the roughness-enhanced selectivity in a recent experiment. Herein we unravel the hidden mechanism by establishing a comprehensive kinetic model for CORR on catalysts with different roughness factors. We conclude that the roughness-enhanced CORR selectivity is actually kinetic controlled by local-electric-field-directed mass transfer of adsorbed species on the electrode surface. Several ways to optimize CORR selectivity are predicted. Our work highlights the kinetics in electrocatalysis on nanocatalysts, and provides a conceptually new principle for future catalyst design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghuan Liu
- Department of Chemical Physics & Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Huijun Jiang
- Department of Chemical Physics & Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Zhonghuai Hou
- Department of Chemical Physics & Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
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40
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Auer A, Ding X, Bandarenka AS, Kunze-Liebhäuser J. The Potential of Zero Charge and the Electrochemical Interface Structure of Cu(111) in Alkaline Solutions. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2021; 125:5020-5028. [PMID: 33828636 PMCID: PMC8016203 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c09289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is a unique electrocatalyst, which is able to efficiently oxidize CO at very low overpotentials and reduce CO2 to valuable fuels with reasonable Faradaic efficiencies. Yet, knowledge of its electrochemical properties at the solid/liquid interface is still scarce. Here, we present the first two-stranded correlation of the potential of zero free charge (pzfc) of Cu(111) in alkaline electrolyte at different pH values through application of nanosecond laser pulses and the corresponding interfacial structure changes by in situ electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy imaging. The pzfc of Cu(111) at pH 13 is identified at -0.73 VSHE in the apparent double layer region, prior to the onset of hydroxide adsorption. It shifts by (88 ± 4) mV to more positive potentials per decreasing pH unit. At the pzfc, Cu(111) shows structural dynamics at both pH 13 and pH 11, which can be understood as the onset of surface restructuring. At higher potentials, full reconstruction and electric field dependent OH adsorption occurs, which causes a remarkable decrease in the atomic density of the first Cu layer. The expansion of the Cu-Cu distance to 0.3 nm generates a hexagonal Moiré pattern, on which the adsorbed OH forms a commensurate (1 × 2) adlayer structure with a steady state coverage of 0.5 monolayers at pH 13. Our experimental findings shed light on the true charge distribution and its interrelation with the atomic structure of the electrochemical interface of Cu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Auer
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, University Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Xing Ding
- Physics
of Energy Conversion and Storage (ECS), Physics Department, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Aliaksandr S. Bandarenka
- Physics
of Energy Conversion and Storage (ECS), Physics Department, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Catalysis
Research Center TUM, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- E-mail: (A.S.B.)
| | - Julia Kunze-Liebhäuser
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, University Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
- E-mail: (J.K.-L.)
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