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Pavez VB, Pacheco N, Castro-Severyn J, Pardo-Esté C, Álvarez J, Zepeda P, Krüger G, Gallardo K, Melo F, Vernal R, Aranda C, Remonsellez F, Saavedra CP. Characterization of biofilm formation by Exiguobacterium strains in response to arsenic exposure. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0265723. [PMID: 37819075 PMCID: PMC10714750 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02657-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE In this work, we characterized the composition, structure, and functional potential for biofilm formation of Exiguobacterium strains isolated from the Salar de Huasco in Chile in the presence of arsenic, an abundant metalloid in the Salar that exists in different oxidation states. Our results showed that the Exiguobacterium strains tested exhibit a significant capacity to form biofilms when exposed to arsenic, which would contribute to their resistance to the metalloid. The results highlight the importance of biofilm formation and the presence of specific resistance mechanisms in the ability of microorganisms to survive and thrive under adverse conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina B. Pavez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás Pacheco
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Castro-Severyn
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada y Extremófilos, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Coral Pardo-Esté
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular y Microbiología Aplicada, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Javiera Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Allergic Inflammation, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Phillippi Zepeda
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriel Krüger
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karem Gallardo
- Centro de Investigación Tecnológica del Agua en el Desierto (CEITSAZA), Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Francisco Melo
- Laboratorio de Física no Lineal, Departamento de Física, USACH, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rolando Vernal
- Laboratorio de Biología Periodontal, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Aranda
- Laboratorio de Microscopía Avanzada, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Biodiversidad Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
| | - Francisco Remonsellez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada y Extremófilos, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Tecnológica del Agua en el Desierto (CEITSAZA), Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Claudia P. Saavedra
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
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Yu F, Dong C, Zhang Y, Che R, Xie C, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Li L, Chen X, Cai X, Wang G, Li Y. GrpE and ComD contribute to the adherence, biofilm formation, and pathogenicity of Streptococcus suis. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:159. [PMID: 37005968 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03503-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a major bacterial pathogen of swine and an emerging zoonotic agent that has to date resulted in substantial economic losses to the swine industry worldwide, and can cause persistent infection by forming biofilms. GrpE and histidine protein kinase ComD are important proteins implicated in the pathogenicity of S. suis, although whether they play roles in adhesion and biofilm formation has yet to be sufficiently clarified. In this study, we constructed grpE and comD deletion strains of S. suis by homologous recombination, and examined their cell adhesion and biofilm formation capacities compared with those of the wild-type strain. The pathogenicity of the grpE and comD deletion strains was evaluated using a mouse infection model, which revealed that compared with the wild-type, these deletion strains induced milder symptoms and lower bacteremia, as well as comparatively minor organ (brain, spleen, liver, and lung) lesions, in the infected mice. Moreover, the deletion of grpE and comD significantly reduced the pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α) induction capacity of S. suis. Collectively, the findings of this study indicate that the GrpE and ComD proteins of Streptococcus suis play key roles in the adherence to PK-15 cells and the formation of biofilms, thereby contributing to the virulence of this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Chunliu Dong
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yuefeng Zhang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Ruixiang Che
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163000, China
| | - Chunmei Xie
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zhiyun Zhang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Lu Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xueying Chen
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xuehui Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150030, China.
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271000, China.
| | - Yanhua Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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Sano K, Kobayashi H, Chuta H, Matsuyoshi N, Kato Y, Ogasawara H. CsgI (YccT) Is a Novel Inhibitor of Curli Fimbriae Formation in Escherichia coli Preventing CsgA Polymerization and Curli Gene Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054357. [PMID: 36901788 PMCID: PMC10002515 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Curli fimbriae are amyloids-found in bacteria (Escherichia coli)-that are involved in solid-surface adhesion and bacterial aggregation during biofilm formation. The curli protein CsgA is coded by a csgBAC operon gene, and the transcription factor CsgD is essential to induce its curli protein expression. However, the complete mechanism underlying curli fimbriae formation requires elucidation. Herein, we noted that curli fimbriae formation was inhibited by yccT-i.e., a gene that encodes a periplasmic protein of unknown function regulated by CsgD. Furthermore, curli fimbriae formation was strongly repressed by CsgD overexpression caused by a multicopy plasmid in BW25113-the non-cellulose-producing strain. YccT deficiency prevented these CsgD effects. YccT overexpression led to intracellular YccT accumulation and reduced CsgA expression. These effects were addressed by deleting the N-terminal signal peptide of YccT. Localization, gene expression, and phenotypic analyses revealed that YccT-dependent inhibition of curli fimbriae formation and curli protein expression was mediated by the two-component regulatory system EnvZ/OmpR. Purified YccT inhibited CsgA polymerization; however, no intracytoplasmic interaction between YccT and CsgA was detected. Thus, YccT-renamed CsgI (curli synthesis inhibitor)-is a novel inhibitor of curli fimbriae formation and has a dual role as an OmpR phosphorylation modulator and CsgA polymerization inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Sano
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, Division of Gene Research, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
- Department of Applied Biology, Graduated School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kobayashi
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, Division of Gene Research, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
- Department of Applied Biology, Graduated School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Chuta
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, Division of Gene Research, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
- Department of Applied Biology, Graduated School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Nozomi Matsuyoshi
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, Division of Gene Research, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
- Department of Applied Biology, Graduated School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Yuki Kato
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, Division of Gene Research, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
- Department of Applied Biology, Graduated School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ogasawara
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, Division of Gene Research, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
- Academic Assembly School of Humanities and Social Sciences Institute of Humanities, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
- Institute for Fiber Engineering (IFES), Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research (ICCER), Shinshu University, Tokida 3-15-1, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
- Renaissance Center for Applied Microbiology, Shinshu University, Nagano-shi, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-268-21-5803
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Sugimoto S, Kinjo Y. Instantaneous Clearing of Biofilm (iCBiofilm): an optical approach to revisit bacterial and fungal biofilm imaging. Commun Biol 2023; 6:38. [PMID: 36690667 PMCID: PMC9870912 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04396-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole-biofilm imaging at single-cell resolution is necessary for system-level analysis of cellular heterogeneity, identification of key matrix component functions and response to immune cells and antimicrobials. To this end, we developed a whole-biofilm clearing and imaging method, termed instantaneous clearing of biofilm (iCBiofilm). iCBiofilm is a simple, rapid, and efficient method involving the immersion of biofilm samples in a refractive index-matching medium, enabling instant whole-biofilm imaging with confocal laser scanning microscopy. We also developed non-fixing iCBiofilm, enabling live and dynamic imaging of biofilm development and actions of antimicrobials. iCBiofilm is applicable for multicolor imaging of fluorescent proteins, immunostained matrix components, and fluorescence labeled cells in biofilms with a thickness of several hundred micrometers. iCBiofilm is scalable from bacterial to fungal biofilms and can be used to observe biofilm-neutrophil interactions. iCBiofilm therefore represents an important advance for examining the dynamics and functions of biofilms and revisiting bacterial and fungal biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Sugimoto
- Department of Bacteriology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan.
- Jikei Center for Biofilm Science and Technology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Yuki Kinjo
- Department of Bacteriology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
- Jikei Center for Biofilm Science and Technology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
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Vigué A, Vautier D, Kaytoue A, Senger B, Arntz Y, Ball V, Ben Mlouka A, Gribova V, Hajjar-Garreau S, Hardouin J, Jouenne T, Lavalle P, Ploux L. Escherichia coli Biofilm Formation, Motion and Protein Patterns on Hyaluronic Acid and Polydimethylsiloxane Depend on Surface Stiffness. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13040237. [PMID: 36412878 PMCID: PMC9680287 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13040237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The surface stiffness of the microenvironment is a mechanical signal regulating biofilm growth without the risks associated with the use of bioactive agents. However, the mechanisms determining the expansion or prevention of biofilm growth on soft and stiff substrates are largely unknown. To answer this question, we used PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane, 9-574 kPa) and HA (hyaluronic acid gels, 44 Pa-2 kPa) differing in their hydration. We showed that the softest HA inhibited Escherichia coli biofilm growth, while the stiffest PDMS activated it. The bacterial mechanical environment significantly regulated the MscS mechanosensitive channel in higher abundance on the least colonized HA-44Pa, while Type-1 pili (FimA) showed regulation in higher abundance on the most colonized PDMS-9kPa. Type-1 pili regulated the free motion (the capacity of bacteria to move far from their initial position) necessary for biofilm growth independent of the substrate surface stiffness. In contrast, the total length travelled by the bacteria (diffusion coefficient) varied positively with the surface stiffness but not with the biofilm growth. The softest, hydrated HA, the least colonized surface, revealed the least diffusive and the least free-moving bacteria. Finally, this shows that customizing the surface elasticity and hydration, together, is an efficient means of affecting the bacteria's mobility and attachment to the surface and thus designing biomedical surfaces to prevent biofilm growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle Vigué
- INSERM UMR-S 1121 Biomaterial Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Dominique Vautier
- INSERM UMR-S 1121 Biomaterial Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Amad Kaytoue
- INSERM UMR-S 1121 Biomaterial Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Bernard Senger
- INSERM UMR-S 1121 Biomaterial Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Youri Arntz
- INSERM UMR-S 1121 Biomaterial Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Vincent Ball
- INSERM UMR-S 1121 Biomaterial Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Amine Ben Mlouka
- PISSARO Proteomic Facility, IRIB, 76130 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Varvara Gribova
- INSERM UMR-S 1121 Biomaterial Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Samar Hajjar-Garreau
- Mulhouse Materials Science Institute, CNRS/Haute Alsace University, 68057 Mulhouse, France
| | - Julie Hardouin
- PISSARO Proteomic Facility, IRIB, 76130 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- Polymers, Biopolymers, Surfaces Laboratory, CNRS/UNIROUEN/INSA Rouen, Normandie University, 76821 Rouen, France
| | - Thierry Jouenne
- PISSARO Proteomic Facility, IRIB, 76130 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- Polymers, Biopolymers, Surfaces Laboratory, CNRS/UNIROUEN/INSA Rouen, Normandie University, 76821 Rouen, France
| | - Philippe Lavalle
- INSERM UMR-S 1121 Biomaterial Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Lydie Ploux
- INSERM UMR-S 1121 Biomaterial Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- CNRS, 67037 Strasbourg, France
- Correspondence:
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Yusof NA, Masnoddin M, Charles J, Thien YQ, Nasib FN, Wong CMVL, Abdul Murad AM, Mahadi NM, Bharudin I. Can heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) serve as biomarkers in Antarctica for future ocean acidification, warming and salinity stress? Polar Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-022-03006-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe Antarctic Peninsula is one of the fastest-warming places on Earth. Elevated sea water temperatures cause glacier and sea ice melting. When icebergs melt into the ocean, it “freshens” the saltwater around them, reducing its salinity. The oceans absorb excess anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) causing decline in ocean pH, a process known as ocean acidification. Many marine organisms are specifically affected by ocean warming, freshening and acidification. Due to the sensitivity of Antarctica to global warming, using biomarkers is the best way for scientists to predict more accurately future climate change and provide useful information or ecological risk assessments. The 70-kilodalton (kDa) heat shock protein (HSP70) chaperones have been used as biomarkers of stress in temperate and tropical environments. The induction of the HSP70 genes (Hsp70) that alter intracellular proteins in living organisms is a signal triggered by environmental temperature changes. Induction of Hsp70 has been observed both in eukaryotes and in prokaryotes as response to environmental stressors including increased and decreased temperature, salinity, pH and the combined effects of changes in temperature, acidification and salinity stress. Generally, HSP70s play critical roles in numerous complex processes of metabolism; their synthesis can usually be increased or decreased during stressful conditions. However, there is a question as to whether HSP70s may serve as excellent biomarkers in the Antarctic considering the long residence time of Antarctic organisms in a cold polar environment which appears to have greatly modified the response of heat responding transcriptional systems. This review provides insight into the vital roles of HSP70 that make them ideal candidates as biomarkers for identifying resistance and resilience in response to abiotic stressors associated with climate change, which are the effects of ocean warming, freshening and acidification in Antarctic organisms.
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Gómez-Pérez D, Chaudhry V, Kemen A, Kemen E. Amyloid Proteins in Plant-Associated Microbial Communities. Microb Physiol 2021; 31:88-98. [PMID: 34107493 DOI: 10.1159/000516014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Amyloids have proven to be a widespread phenomenon rather than an exception. Many proteins presenting the hallmarks of this characteristic beta sheet-rich folding have been described to date. Particularly common are functional amyloids that play an important role in the promotion of survival and pathogenicity in prokaryotes. Here, we describe important developments in amyloid protein research that relate to microbe-microbe and microbe-host interactions in the plant microbiome. Starting with biofilms, which are a broad strategy for bacterial persistence that is extremely important for plant colonization. Microbes rely on amyloid-based mechanisms to adhere and create a protective coating that shelters them from external stresses and promotes cooperation. Another strategy generally carried out by amyloids is the formation of hydrophobic surface layers. Known as hydrophobins, these proteins coat the aerial hyphae and spores of plant pathogenic fungi, as well as certain bacterial biofilms. They contribute to plant virulence through promoting dissemination and infectivity. Furthermore, antimicrobial activity is an interesting outcome of the amyloid structure that has potential application in medicine and agriculture. There are many known antimicrobial amyloids released by animals and plants; however, those produced by bacteria or fungi remain still largely unknown. Finally, we discuss amyloid proteins with a more indirect mode of action in their host interactions. These include virulence-promoting harpins, signaling transduction that functions through amyloid templating, and root nodule bacteria proteins that promote plant-microbe symbiosis. In summary, amyloids are an interesting paradigm for their many functional mechanisms linked to bacterial survival in plant-associated microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ariane Kemen
- ZMBP/IMIT, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Eric Kemen
- ZMBP/IMIT, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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8
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Mayer MP. The Hsp70-Chaperone Machines in Bacteria. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:694012. [PMID: 34164436 PMCID: PMC8215388 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.694012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The ATP-dependent Hsp70s are evolutionary conserved molecular chaperones that constitute central hubs of the cellular protein quality surveillance network. None of the other main chaperone families (Tig, GroELS, HtpG, IbpA/B, ClpB) have been assigned with a comparable range of functions. Through a multitude of functions Hsp70s are involved in many cellular control circuits for maintaining protein homeostasis and have been recognized as key factors for cell survival. Three mechanistic properties of Hsp70s are the basis for their high versatility. First, Hsp70s bind to short degenerate sequence motifs within their client proteins. Second, Hsp70 chaperones switch in a nucleotide-controlled manner between a state of low affinity for client proteins and a state of high affinity for clients. Third, Hsp70s are targeted to their clients by a large number of cochaperones of the J-domain protein (JDP) family and the lifetime of the Hsp70-client complex is regulated by nucleotide exchange factors (NEF). In this review I will discuss advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanism of the Hsp70 chaperone machinery focusing mostly on the bacterial Hsp70 DnaK and will compare the two other prokaryotic Hsp70s HscA and HscC with DnaK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias P Mayer
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH-Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
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9
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Donadio G, Mensitieri F, Santoro V, Parisi V, Bellone ML, De Tommasi N, Izzo V, Dal Piaz F. Interactions with Microbial Proteins Driving the Antibacterial Activity of Flavonoids. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:660. [PMID: 34062983 PMCID: PMC8147964 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are among the most abundant natural bioactive compounds produced by plants. Many different activities have been reported for these secondary metabolites against numerous cells and systems. One of the most interesting is certainly the antimicrobial, which is stimulated through various molecular mechanisms. In fact, flavonoids are effective both in directly damaging the envelope of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria but also by acting toward specific molecular targets essential for the survival of these microorganisms. The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of the most interesting results obtained in the research focused on the study of the interactions between flavonoids and bacterial proteins. Despite the great structural heterogeneity of these plant metabolites, it is interesting to observe that many flavonoids affect the same cellular pathways. Furthermore, it is evident that some of these compounds interact with more than one target, producing multiple effects. Taken together, the reported data demonstrate the great potential of flavonoids in developing innovative systems, which can help address the increasingly serious problem of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Donadio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (G.D.); (V.S.); (V.P.); (M.L.B.); (N.D.T.)
| | - Francesca Mensitieri
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84082 Baronissi, Italy; (F.M.); (V.I.)
| | - Valentina Santoro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (G.D.); (V.S.); (V.P.); (M.L.B.); (N.D.T.)
| | - Valentina Parisi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (G.D.); (V.S.); (V.P.); (M.L.B.); (N.D.T.)
- PhD Program in Drug Discovery and Development, Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Bellone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (G.D.); (V.S.); (V.P.); (M.L.B.); (N.D.T.)
- PhD Program in Drug Discovery and Development, Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Nunziatina De Tommasi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (G.D.); (V.S.); (V.P.); (M.L.B.); (N.D.T.)
| | - Viviana Izzo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84082 Baronissi, Italy; (F.M.); (V.I.)
| | - Fabrizio Dal Piaz
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84082 Baronissi, Italy; (F.M.); (V.I.)
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10
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Hierarchical Model for the Role of J-Domain Proteins in Distinct Cellular Functions. J Mol Biol 2020; 433:166750. [PMID: 33310019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.166750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In Escherichia coli, the major bacterial Hsp70 system consists of DnaK, three J-domain proteins (JDPs: DnaJ, CbpA, and DjlA), and nucleotide exchange factor GrpE. JDPs determine substrate specificity for the Hsp70 system; however, knowledge on their specific role in bacterial cellular functions is limited. In this study, we demonstrated the role of JDPs in bacterial survival during heat stress and the DnaK-regulated formation of curli-extracellular amyloid fibers involved in biofilm formation. Genetic analysis demonstrate that only DnaJ is essential for survival at high temperature. On the other hand, either DnaJ or CbpA, but not DjlA, is sufficient to activate DnaK in curli production. Additionally, several DnaK mutants with reduced activity are able to complement the loss of curli production in E. coli ΔdnaK, whereas they do not recover the growth defect of the mutant strain at high temperature. Biochemical analyses reveal that DnaJ and CbpA are involved in the expression of the master regulator CsgD through the solubilization of MlrA, a DNA-binding transcriptional activator for the csgD promoter. Furthermore, DnaJ and CbpA also keep CsgA in a translocation-competent state by preventing its aggregation in the cytoplasm. Our findings support a hierarchical model wherein the role of JDPs in the Hsp70 system differs according to individual cellular functions.
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Cepas V, Ballén V, Gabasa Y, Ramírez M, López Y, Soto SM. Transposon Insertion in the purL Gene Induces Biofilm Depletion in Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9090774. [PMID: 32971800 PMCID: PMC7558270 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9090774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Current Escherichia coli antibiofilm treatments comprise a combination of antibiotics commonly used against planktonic cells, leading to treatment failure. A better understanding of the genes involved in biofilm formation could facilitate the development of efficient and specific new antibiofilm treatments. A total of 2578 E. coli mutants were generated by transposon insertion, of which 536 were analysed in this study. After sequencing, Tn263 mutant, classified as low biofilm-former (LF) compared to the wild-type (wt) strain (ATCC 25922), showed an interruption in the purL gene, involved in the de novo purine biosynthesis pathway. To elucidate the role of purL in biofilm formation, a knockout was generated showing reduced production of curli fibres, leading to an impaired biofilm formation. These conditions were restored by complementation of the strain or addition of exogenous inosine. Proteomic and transcriptional analyses were performed to characterise the differences caused by purL alterations. Thirteen proteins were altered compared to wt. The corresponding genes were analysed by qRT-PCR not only in the Tn263 and wt, but also in clinical strains with different biofilm activity. Overall, this study suggests that purL is essential for biofilm formation in E. coli and can be considered as a potential antibiofilm target.
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Suryaletha K, Narendrakumar L, John J, Radhakrishnan MP, George S, Thomas S. Decoding the proteomic changes involved in the biofilm formation of Enterococcus faecalis SK460 to elucidate potential biofilm determinants. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:146. [PMID: 31253082 PMCID: PMC6599329 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1527-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enterococcus faecalis is a major clinically relevant nosocomial bacterial pathogen frequently isolated from polymicrobial infections. The biofilm forming ability of E. faecalis attributes a key role in its virulence and drug resistance. Biofilm cells are phenotypically and metabolically different from their planktonic counterparts and many aspects involved in E. faecalis biofilm formation are yet to be elucidated. The strain E. faecalis SK460 used in the present study is esp (Enterococcal surface protein) and fsr (two-component signal transduction system) negative non-gelatinase producing strong biofilm former isolated from a chronic diabetic foot ulcer patient. We executed a label-free quantitative proteomic approach to elucidate the differential protein expression pattern at planktonic and biofilm stages of SK460 to come up with potential determinants associated with Enterococcal biofilm formation. RESULTS The Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses of proteomic data revealed that biofilm cells expressed higher levels of proteins which are associated with glycolysis, amino acid biosynthesis, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, microbial metabolism in diverse environments and stress response factors. Besides these basic survival pathways, LuxS-mediated quorum sensing, arginine metabolism, rhamnose biosynthesis, pheromone and adhesion associated proteins were found to be upregulated during the biofilm transit from planktonic stages. The selected subsets were validated by quantitative real-time PCR. In silico functional interaction analysis revealed that the genes involved in upregulated pathways pose a close molecular interaction thereby coordinating the regulatory network to thrive as a biofilm community. CONCLUSIONS The present study describes the first report of the quantitative proteome analysis of an esp and fsr negative non gelatinase producing E. faecalis. Proteome analysis evidenced enhanced expression of glycolytic pathways, stress response factors, LuxS quorum signaling system, rhamnopolysaccharide synthesis and pheromone associated proteins in biofilm phenotype. We also pointed out the relevance of LuxS quorum sensing and pheromone associated proteins in the biofilm development of E. faecalis which lacks the Fsr quorum signaling system. These validated biofilm determinants can act as potential inhibiting targets in Enterococcal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthika Suryaletha
- Cholera and Biofilm Research Laboratory, Pathogen Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, (National Institute under the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Trivandrum, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Lekshmi Narendrakumar
- Cholera and Biofilm Research Laboratory, Pathogen Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, (National Institute under the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Trivandrum, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Joby John
- Department of Surgery, Government Medical College Hospital, Trivandrum, Kerala, 695011, India
| | - Megha Periyappilly Radhakrishnan
- Cholera and Biofilm Research Laboratory, Pathogen Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, (National Institute under the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Trivandrum, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Sanil George
- Interdisciplinary Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Sabu Thomas
- Cholera and Biofilm Research Laboratory, Pathogen Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, (National Institute under the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Trivandrum, Kerala, 695014, India.
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Inhibitory effects of Myricetin derivatives on curli-dependent biofilm formation in Escherichia coli. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8452. [PMID: 29855532 PMCID: PMC5981455 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26748-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are well-organised communities of microbes embedded in a self-produced extracellular matrix (e.g., curli amyloid fibers) and are associated with chronic infections. Therefore, development of anti-biofilm drugs is important to combat with these infections. Previously, we found that flavonol Myricetin inhibits curli-dependent biofilm formation by Escherichia coli (IC50 = 46.2 μM). In this study, we tested activities of seven Myricetin-derivatives to inhibit biofilm formation by E. coli K-12 in liquid culture. Among them, only Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a major catechin in green tea, inhibited biofilm formation of K-12 (IC50 = 5.9 μM) more efficiently than Myricetin. Transmission electron microscopy and immunoblotting analyses demonstrated that EGCG prevented curli production by suppressing the expression of curli-related proteins. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that the transcripts of csgA, csgB, and csgD were significantly reduced in the presence of EGCG. Interestingly, the cellular level of RpoS, a stationary-phase specific alternative sigma factor, was reduced in the presence of EGCG, whereas the rpoS transcript was not affected. Antibiotic-chase experiments and genetic analyses revealed that EGCG accelerated RpoS degradation by ATP-dependent protease ClpXP in combination with its adaptor RssB. Collectively, these results provide significant insights into the development of drugs to treat chronic biofilm-associated infections.
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