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Ma M, Ganapathi M, Zheng Y, Tan KL, Kanca O, Bove KE, Quintanilla N, Sag SO, Temel SG, LeDuc CA, McPartland AJ, Pereira EM, Shen Y, Hagen J, Thomas CP, Nguyen Galván NT, Pan X, Lu S, Rosenfeld JA, Calame DG, Wangler MF, Lupski JR, Pehlivan D, Hertel PM, Chung WK, Bellen HJ. Homozygous missense variants in YKT6 result in loss of function and are associated with developmental delay, with or without severe infantile liver disease and risk for hepatocellular carcinoma. Genet Med 2024; 26:101125. [PMID: 38522068 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2024.101125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE YKT6 plays important roles in multiple intracellular vesicle trafficking events but has not been associated with Mendelian diseases. METHODS We report 3 unrelated individuals with rare homozygous missense variants in YKT6 who exhibited neurological disease with or without a progressive infantile liver disease. We modeled the variants in Drosophila. We generated wild-type and variant genomic rescue constructs of the fly ortholog dYkt6 and compared their ability in rescuing the loss-of-function phenotypes in mutant flies. We also generated a dYkt6KozakGAL4 allele to assess the expression pattern of dYkt6. RESULTS Two individuals are homozygous for YKT6 [NM_006555.3:c.554A>G p.(Tyr185Cys)] and exhibited normal prenatal course followed by failure to thrive, developmental delay, and progressive liver disease. Haplotype analysis identified a shared homozygous region flanking the variant, suggesting a common ancestry. The third individual is homozygous for YKT6 [NM_006555.3:c.191A>G p.(Tyr64Cys)] and exhibited neurodevelopmental disorders and optic atrophy. Fly dYkt6 is essential and is expressed in the fat body (analogous to liver) and central nervous system. Wild-type genomic rescue constructs can rescue the lethality and autophagic flux defects, whereas the variants are less efficient in rescuing the phenotypes. CONCLUSION The YKT6 variants are partial loss-of-function alleles, and the p.(Tyr185Cys) is more severe than p.(Tyr64Cys).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Ma
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Mythily Ganapathi
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Yiming Zheng
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Kai-Li Tan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Oguz Kanca
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Kevin E Bove
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Norma Quintanilla
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Sebnem O Sag
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Sehime G Temel
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | | | | | | | - Yufeng Shen
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Jacob Hagen
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Christie P Thomas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | | | - Xueyang Pan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Shenzhao Lu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Jill A Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Baylor Genetics Laboratories, Houston, TX
| | - Daniel G Calame
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Michael F Wangler
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Davut Pehlivan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX; Division of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Paula M Hertel
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
| | - Hugo J Bellen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX.
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2
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Vong KI, Lee S, Au KS, Crowley TB, Capra V, Martino J, Haller M, Araújo C, Machado HR, George R, Gerding B, James KN, Stanley V, Jiang N, Alu K, Meave N, Nidhiry AS, Jiwani F, Tang I, Nisal A, Jhamb I, Patel A, Patel A, McEvoy-Venneri J, Barrows C, Shen C, Ha YJ, Howarth R, Strain M, Ashley-Koch AE, Azam M, Mumtaz S, Bot GM, Finnell RH, Kibar Z, Marwan AI, Melikishvili G, Meltzer HS, Mutchinick OM, Stevenson DA, Mroczkowski HJ, Ostrander B, Schindewolf E, Moldenhauer J, Zackai EH, Emanuel BS, Garcia-Minaur S, Nowakowska BA, Stevenson RE, Zaki MS, Northrup H, McNamara HK, Aldinger KA, Phelps IG, Deng M, Glass IA, Morrow B, McDonald-McGinn DM, Sanna-Cherchi S, Lamb DJ, Gleeson JG. Risk of meningomyelocele mediated by the common 22q11.2 deletion. Science 2024; 384:584-590. [PMID: 38696583 DOI: 10.1126/science.adl1624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Meningomyelocele is one of the most severe forms of neural tube defects (NTDs) and the most frequent structural birth defect of the central nervous system. We assembled the Spina Bifida Sequencing Consortium to identify causes. Exome and genome sequencing of 715 parent-offspring trios identified six patients with chromosomal 22q11.2 deletions, suggesting a 23-fold increased risk compared with the general population. Furthermore, analysis of a separate 22q11.2 deletion cohort suggested a 12- to 15-fold increased NTD risk of meningomyelocele. The loss of Crkl, one of several neural tube-expressed genes within the minimal deletion interval, was sufficient to replicate NTDs in mice, where both penetrance and expressivity were exacerbated by maternal folate deficiency. Thus, the common 22q11.2 deletion confers substantial meningomyelocele risk, which is partially alleviated by folate supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keng Ioi Vong
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Sangmoon Lee
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Kit Sing Au
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) and Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - T Blaine Crowley
- 22q and You Center, Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Valeria Capra
- Genomics and Clinical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Jeremiah Martino
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, NY 10027, USA
| | - Meade Haller
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, TX 77030, USA
| | - Camila Araújo
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, Brazil
| | - Hélio R Machado
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, Brazil
| | - Renee George
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Bryn Gerding
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Kiely N James
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Valentina Stanley
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Kameron Alu
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Naomi Meave
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Anna S Nidhiry
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Fiza Jiwani
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Isaac Tang
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Ashna Nisal
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Ishani Jhamb
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Arzoo Patel
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Aakash Patel
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Jennifer McEvoy-Venneri
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Chelsea Barrows
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Celina Shen
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Yoo-Jin Ha
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Robyn Howarth
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Madison Strain
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Matloob Azam
- Pediatrics and Child Neurology, Wah Medical College, Wah Cantt, Punjab 47000, Pakistan
| | - Sara Mumtaz
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Punjab 46000, Pakistan
| | - Gyang Markus Bot
- Neurosurgery Division, Department of Surgery, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos 930105, Nigeria
| | - Richard H Finnell
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics, Molecular and Cellular Biology and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zoha Kibar
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Montreal and CHU Sainte Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Ahmed I Marwan
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Colorado, Colorado Fetal Care Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Gia Melikishvili
- Department of Pediatrics, MediClubGeorgia Medical Center, Tbilisi 0160, Georgia
| | - Hal S Meltzer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California San Diego, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Osvaldo M Mutchinick
- Department of Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - David A Stevenson
- Division of Medical Genetics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Henry J Mroczkowski
- Division of Medical Genetics, University of Tennessee Health Science Campus, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Betsy Ostrander
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Primary Children's Hospital, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84113, USA
| | - Erica Schindewolf
- Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Julie Moldenhauer
- Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Elaine H Zackai
- 22q and You Center, Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Beverly S Emanuel
- 22q and You Center, Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sixto Garcia-Minaur
- Clinical Genetics Section, Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics, University Hospital La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beata A Nowakowska
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Roger E Stevenson
- JC Self Research Institute of Human Genetics, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Maha S Zaki
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo 12311, Egypt
| | - Hope Northrup
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) and Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hanna K McNamara
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Kimberly A Aldinger
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Ian G Phelps
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Mei Deng
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Ian A Glass
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Bernice Morrow
- Division of Translational Genetics, Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Donna M McDonald-McGinn
- 22q and You Center, Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Human Biology and Medical Genetics, Sapienza University, 00185-Rome RM, Italy
| | - Simone Sanna-Cherchi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, NY 10027, USA
| | - Dolores J Lamb
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Urology, Center for Reproductive Genomics, Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Joseph G Gleeson
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
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3
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Lorenzo-Ríos D, Guerrero-García A, Colón-Fontánez F. Keratoderma and ichthyosis as valuable features for the diagnosis of CEDNIK syndrome. JAAD Case Rep 2024; 46:64-66. [PMID: 38590735 PMCID: PMC10999791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Deyson Lorenzo-Ríos
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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Smeele PH, Vaccari T. Snapshots from within the cell: Novel trafficking and non trafficking functions of Snap29 during tissue morphogenesis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 133:42-52. [PMID: 35256275 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Membrane trafficking is a core cellular process that supports diversification of cell shapes and behaviors relevant to morphogenesis during development and in adult organisms. However, how precisely trafficking components regulate specific differentiation programs is incompletely understood. Snap29 is a multifaceted Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor Attachment protein Receptor, involved in a wide range of trafficking and non-trafficking processes in most cells. A body of knowledge, accrued over more than two decades since its discovery, reveals that Snap29 is essential for establishing and maintaining the operation of a number of cellular events that support cell polarity and signaling. In this review, we first summarize established functions of Snap29 and then we focus on novel ones in the context of autophagy, Golgi trafficking and vesicle fusion at the plasma membrane, as well as on non-trafficking activities of Snap29. We further describe emerging evidence regarding the compartmentalisation and regulation of Snap29. Finally, we explore how the loss of distinct functions of human Snap29 may lead to the clinical manifestations of congenital disorders such as CEDNIK syndrome and how altered SNAP29 activity may contribute to the pathogenesis of cancer, viral infection and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulien H Smeele
- Department of Biosciences, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Thomas Vaccari
- Department of Biosciences, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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Jia Y, Guo Z, Zhu J, Qin G, Sun W, Yin Y, Wang H, Guo R. Snap29 Is Dispensable for Self-Renewal Maintenance but Required for Proper Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010750. [PMID: 36614195 PMCID: PMC9821219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can self-renew indefinitely and are able to differentiate into all three embryonic germ layers. Synaptosomal-associated protein 29 (Snap29) is implicated in numerous intracellular membrane trafficking pathways, including autophagy, which is involved in the maintenance of ESC pluripotency. However, the function of Snap29 in the self-renewal and differentiation of ESCs remains elusive. Here, we show that Snap29 depletion via CRISPR/Cas does not impair the self-renewal and expression of pluripotency-associated factors in mouse ESCs. However, Snap29 deficiency enhances the differentiation of ESCs into cardiomyocytes, as indicated by heart-like beating cells. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis reveals that Snap29 depletion significantly decreased the expression of numerous genes required for germ layer differentiation. Interestingly, Snap29 deficiency does not cause autophagy blockage in ESCs, which might be rescued by the SNAP family member Snap47. Our data show that Snap29 is dispensable for self-renewal maintenance, but required for the proper differentiation of mouse ESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Jia
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhaoyuan Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiahao Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guanyu Qin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wenwen Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yu Yin
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Haiying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Renpeng Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Correspondence:
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Chen X, Yang L, Li J, Tan H. Hypoparathyroidism and late-onset hypogonadism in an adult male with familial 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: a case report with 3-year follow-up and review of the literature. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:278. [PMID: 36371175 PMCID: PMC9652942 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-01150-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (DiGeorge syndrome) is associated with multiple organ dysfunctions such as cardiac defects, immunodeficiency, and hypoplasia of parathyroid glands. Moreover, the phenotype of 22q11.2 DS has clinical variability and heterogeneity. CASE PRESENTATION In this report, we present the case of a 35-year-old patient with a past medical history that included recurrent infections, mild learning difficulties in childhood, pediatric obesity, and cataract. He was admitted to the endocrinology department for the management of hypogonadism and hypocalcemia. During the 3-year follow-up, the patient gradually developed primary hypoparathyroidism, hypogonadism, chronic renal failure, and heart failure, and his medical condition deteriorated. Meanwhile, in order to improve clinicians' awareness of the endocrine manifestations of adult 22q11.2 DS and reduce missed diagnoses, we reviewed 28 case reports of adult 22q11.2 DS to analyze the clinical characteristics. DISCUSSION Here, we report the case of a young man diagnosed with 22q11.2 DS presented a rare combination of multiple endocrine disorders. This is the first time that a patient with 22q11.2DS had late-onset hypogonadism caused by primary testicular failure combined with decreased pituitary gonadotropin reserve in a patient with 22q11.2DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Lichuan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianwei Li
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Huiwen Tan
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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CEDNIK syndrome in a Brazilian patient with compound heterozygous pathogenic variants. Eur J Med Genet 2022; 65:104440. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2022.104440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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D’Souza Z, Sumya FT, Khakurel A, Lupashin V. Getting Sugar Coating Right! The Role of the Golgi Trafficking Machinery in Glycosylation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123275. [PMID: 34943782 PMCID: PMC8699264 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Golgi is the central organelle of the secretory pathway and it houses the majority of the glycosylation machinery, which includes glycosylation enzymes and sugar transporters. Correct compartmentalization of the glycosylation machinery is achieved by retrograde vesicular trafficking as the secretory cargo moves forward by cisternal maturation. The vesicular trafficking machinery which includes vesicular coats, small GTPases, tethers and SNAREs, play a major role in coordinating the Golgi trafficking thereby achieving Golgi homeostasis. Glycosylation is a template-independent process, so its fidelity heavily relies on appropriate localization of the glycosylation machinery and Golgi homeostasis. Mutations in the glycosylation enzymes, sugar transporters, Golgi ion channels and several vesicle tethering factors cause congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) which encompass a group of multisystem disorders with varying severities. Here, we focus on the Golgi vesicle tethering and fusion machinery, namely, multisubunit tethering complexes and SNAREs and their role in Golgi trafficking and glycosylation. This review is a comprehensive summary of all the identified CDG causing mutations of the Golgi trafficking machinery in humans.
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9
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Zhang Y, Liu X, Gao H, He R, Zhao Y. Identifying of 22q11.2 variations in Chinese patients with development delay. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:26. [PMID: 33482818 PMCID: PMC7821542 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-020-00849-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 22q11.2 variation is a significant genetic factor relating to development delay and/or intellectual disability. However, the prevalence, genetic characteristics and clinical phenotype in Chinese patients are unknown. Methods In total 6034 patients with development delay and/or intellectual disability were screened by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) P245 and G-band karyotyping. The positive patients with 22q11.2 imbalance were confirmed by MLPA P250 assay. Results 52 (0.86%) patients were found to carry different levels of 22q11.2 variations, in which 37 cases (71.2%) had heterozygous deletions, whereas 15 (28.8%) had heterogeneous duplications. 34 cases (65.4%) carried typical imbalance from low copy repeat (LCR) 22 A to D. The other cases had atypical variations, relating to LCR22 A-B, LCR22 C-D, LCR22 B-D, LCR22 D-E, LCR22 E-F and LCR22 B-F region. The phenotypes of these 52 patients were variable, including development delay, language delay, facial anomalies, heart defects, psychiatric/behavior problems, epilepsy, periventricular leukomalacia, hearing impairment, growth delay etc. Conclusion These data revealed the prevalence and variability of 22q11.2 genomic imbalance in Chinese patients with development delay and/or intellectual disability. It suggested that genetic detection of 22q11.2 is necessary, especially for the patients with mental retardation and development disorders, which deserves the attention of all pediatricians in their daily work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoliang Liu
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haiming Gao
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rong He
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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10
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Mah-Som AY, Skrypnyk C, Guerin A, Seroor Jadah RH, Vardhan VN, McKinstry RC, Shinawi MS. New Cohort of Patients With CEDNIK Syndrome Expands the Phenotypic and Genotypic Spectra. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2021; 7:e553. [PMID: 33977139 PMCID: PMC8105887 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective To report 6 new patients with cerebral dysgenesis, neuropathy, ichthyosis, and keratoderma (CEDNIK) syndrome. Methods Clinical exome or targeted sequencing were performed to elucidate the molecular genetic cause in patients with neurocognitive abnormalities and brain imaging findings. Results CEDNIK syndrome is a rare genetic condition caused by biallelic pathogenic loss-of-function variants in synaptosomal-associated protein 29 (SNAP29), which encodes a vesicular membrane fusion protein. Clinical manifestations include significant developmental delay/intellectual disability (DD/ID), brain abnormalities, failure to thrive, and skin abnormalities. To date, 19 patients from 10 unrelated families with CEDNIK syndrome have been reported. We report 5 additional patients with homozygous predicted loss-of-function variants in SNAP29 and one with compound heterozygous variants: a frameshift SNAP29 variant and a 370 kb deletion on 22q11.2. All patients exhibit DD/ID, ichthyosis and/or palmoplantar keratoderma, and hypotonia. Four of 6 subjects had hypomyelinated white matter on MRI, 2 of 6 had early puberty, and 4 of 6 had strabismus, which were previously rarely reported. Other phenotypes were variably present, including dysmorphic features, feeding difficulties, and recurrent respiratory infections. The cohort includes 2 siblings with a c.2T>C variant who have a relatively milder phenotype, a patient with the most C-terminal variant yet described (c.622G>T), and 3 patients with previously described variants (c.354dupG, c.487dupA). Conclusions This cohort of 6 additional patients expands the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of CEDNIK syndrome, highlighting previously under-recognized features such as hypomyelination, seizures, and early puberty. Owing to reduced penetrance of the skin phenotype, cerebral dysgenesis, and neuropathy, we propose renaming this syndrome SNAP29-related disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelise Y Mah-Som
- Department of Pediatrics (A.Y.M.-S.), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Molecular Medicine (C.S.), Arabian Gulf University, Al Jawhara Center for Molecular Medicine, Genetics and Inherited Diseases, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Bahrain; Division of Medical Genetics (A.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (R.H.S.J., V.N.V.), Bahrain Defense Forces Royal Medical Services Hospital, Kingdom of Bahrain; Department of Radiology (R.C.M.), Washington University in St. Louis (R.C.M.), Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology; and Department of Pediatrics (M.S.S.), Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Missouri
| | - Cristina Skrypnyk
- Department of Pediatrics (A.Y.M.-S.), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Molecular Medicine (C.S.), Arabian Gulf University, Al Jawhara Center for Molecular Medicine, Genetics and Inherited Diseases, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Bahrain; Division of Medical Genetics (A.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (R.H.S.J., V.N.V.), Bahrain Defense Forces Royal Medical Services Hospital, Kingdom of Bahrain; Department of Radiology (R.C.M.), Washington University in St. Louis (R.C.M.), Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology; and Department of Pediatrics (M.S.S.), Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Missouri
| | - Andrea Guerin
- Department of Pediatrics (A.Y.M.-S.), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Molecular Medicine (C.S.), Arabian Gulf University, Al Jawhara Center for Molecular Medicine, Genetics and Inherited Diseases, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Bahrain; Division of Medical Genetics (A.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (R.H.S.J., V.N.V.), Bahrain Defense Forces Royal Medical Services Hospital, Kingdom of Bahrain; Department of Radiology (R.C.M.), Washington University in St. Louis (R.C.M.), Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology; and Department of Pediatrics (M.S.S.), Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Missouri
| | - Raafat Hammad Seroor Jadah
- Department of Pediatrics (A.Y.M.-S.), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Molecular Medicine (C.S.), Arabian Gulf University, Al Jawhara Center for Molecular Medicine, Genetics and Inherited Diseases, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Bahrain; Division of Medical Genetics (A.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (R.H.S.J., V.N.V.), Bahrain Defense Forces Royal Medical Services Hospital, Kingdom of Bahrain; Department of Radiology (R.C.M.), Washington University in St. Louis (R.C.M.), Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology; and Department of Pediatrics (M.S.S.), Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Missouri
| | - Vinayak Nivrutti Vardhan
- Department of Pediatrics (A.Y.M.-S.), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Molecular Medicine (C.S.), Arabian Gulf University, Al Jawhara Center for Molecular Medicine, Genetics and Inherited Diseases, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Bahrain; Division of Medical Genetics (A.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (R.H.S.J., V.N.V.), Bahrain Defense Forces Royal Medical Services Hospital, Kingdom of Bahrain; Department of Radiology (R.C.M.), Washington University in St. Louis (R.C.M.), Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology; and Department of Pediatrics (M.S.S.), Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Missouri
| | - Robert C McKinstry
- Department of Pediatrics (A.Y.M.-S.), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Molecular Medicine (C.S.), Arabian Gulf University, Al Jawhara Center for Molecular Medicine, Genetics and Inherited Diseases, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Bahrain; Division of Medical Genetics (A.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (R.H.S.J., V.N.V.), Bahrain Defense Forces Royal Medical Services Hospital, Kingdom of Bahrain; Department of Radiology (R.C.M.), Washington University in St. Louis (R.C.M.), Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology; and Department of Pediatrics (M.S.S.), Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Missouri
| | - Marwan S Shinawi
- Department of Pediatrics (A.Y.M.-S.), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Molecular Medicine (C.S.), Arabian Gulf University, Al Jawhara Center for Molecular Medicine, Genetics and Inherited Diseases, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Bahrain; Division of Medical Genetics (A.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (R.H.S.J., V.N.V.), Bahrain Defense Forces Royal Medical Services Hospital, Kingdom of Bahrain; Department of Radiology (R.C.M.), Washington University in St. Louis (R.C.M.), Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology; and Department of Pediatrics (M.S.S.), Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Missouri
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11
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Tang BL. SNAREs and developmental disorders. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:2482-2504. [PMID: 32959907 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Members of the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) family mediate membrane fusion processes associated with vesicular trafficking and autophagy. SNAREs mediate core membrane fusion processes essential for all cells, but some SNAREs serve cell/tissue type-specific exocytic/endocytic functions, and are therefore critical for various aspects of embryonic development. Mutations or variants of their encoding genes could give rise to developmental disorders, such as those affecting the nervous system and immune system in humans. Mutations to components in the canonical synaptic vesicle fusion SNARE complex (VAMP2, STX1A/B, and SNAP25) and a key regulator of SNARE complex formation MUNC18-1, produce variant phenotypes of autism, intellectual disability, movement disorders, and epilepsy. STX11 and MUNC18-2 mutations underlie 2 subtypes of familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. STX3 mutations contribute to variant microvillus inclusion disease. Chromosomal microdeletions involving STX16 play a role in pseudohypoparathyroidism type IB associated with abnormal imprinting of the GNAS complex locus. In this short review, I discuss these and other SNARE gene mutations and variants that are known to be associated with a variety developmental disorders, with a focus on their underlying cellular and molecular pathological basis deciphered through disease modeling. Possible pathogenic potentials of other SNAREs whose variants could be disease predisposing are also speculated upon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor L Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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