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Garcia-Van Smévoorde M, Calvez E, Quétel I, Dollin C, Breurec S, Vega-Rúa A. Ingestion of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid at therapeutic concentration during blood meal impacts Aedes aegypti microbiota and dengue virus transmission. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13701. [PMID: 38871831 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64221-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV), mainly transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, is the most prevalent arbovirus worldwide, representing a public health problem in tropical and subtropical countries. In these areas, antibiotic consumption rises which may impact both mosquito microbiota and dengue transmission. Here, we assessed how the ingestion by Ae. aegypti of therapeutic concentrations of amoxicillin-clavulanic Acid association (Amox/Clav), a broad-spectrum antibiotic used to treat febrile symptoms worldwide, impacted its microbiota. We also evaluated whether simultaneous ingestion of antibiotic and DENV impacted Ae. aegypti ability to transmit this virus. We found that Amox/Clav ingestion impacted microbiota composition in Ae. aegypti and we confirmed such impact in field-collected mosquitoes. Furthermore, we observed that Amox/Clav ingestion enhanced DENV dissemination and transmission by this mosquito at 21 days post-DENV exposure. These findings increase our understanding of factors linked to human hosts that may influence dengue transmission dynamics in regions with mass-drug administration programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot Garcia-Van Smévoorde
- Vector Control Research Laboratory, Transmission Reservoir and Pathogens Diversity Unit, Institut Pasteur de La Guadeloupe, 97139, Les Abymes, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Elodie Calvez
- Vector Control Research Laboratory, Transmission Reservoir and Pathogens Diversity Unit, Institut Pasteur de La Guadeloupe, 97139, Les Abymes, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Isaure Quétel
- Microbial Ecosystems Interaction Laboratory, Transmission Reservoir and Pathogens Diversity Unit, Institut Pasteur de La Guadeloupe, 97139, Les Abymes, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Christelle Dollin
- Vector Control Research Laboratory, Transmission Reservoir and Pathogens Diversity Unit, Institut Pasteur de La Guadeloupe, 97139, Les Abymes, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Sébastien Breurec
- Microbial Ecosystems Interaction Laboratory, Transmission Reservoir and Pathogens Diversity Unit, Institut Pasteur de La Guadeloupe, 97139, Les Abymes, Guadeloupe, France
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospitals of Guadeloupe, 97159, Pointe-À-Pitre/Les Abymes, Guadeloupe, France
- Faculty of Medecine Hyacinthe Bastaraud, University of the Antilles, 97110, Pointe-À-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
- INSERM 1424, Center for Clinical Investigation, University Hospital Center of Guadeloupe, 97139, Les Abymes, Guadeloupe, France
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang, University of Montpellier, 34394, Montpellier, France
| | - Anubis Vega-Rúa
- Vector Control Research Laboratory, Transmission Reservoir and Pathogens Diversity Unit, Institut Pasteur de La Guadeloupe, 97139, Les Abymes, Guadeloupe, France.
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2
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Rüdiger D, Piasecka J, Küchler J, Pontes C, Laske T, Kupke SY, Reichl U. Mathematical model calibrated to in vitro data predicts mechanisms of antiviral action of the influenza defective interfering particle "OP7". iScience 2024; 27:109421. [PMID: 38523782 PMCID: PMC10959662 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Defective interfering particles (DIPs) are regarded as potent broad-spectrum antivirals. We developed a mathematical model that describes intracellular co-infection dynamics of influenza standard virus (STV) and "OP7", a new type of influenza DIP discovered recently. Based on experimental data from in vitro studies to calibrate the model and confirm its predictions, we deduce OP7's mechanisms of interference, which were yet unknown. Simulations suggest that the "superpromoter" on OP7 genomic viral RNA enhances its replication and results in a depletion of viral proteins. This reduces STV genomic RNA replication, which appears to constitute an antiviral effect. Further, a defective viral protein (M1-OP7) likely causes the deficiency of OP7's replication. It appears unable to bind to genomic viral RNAs to facilitate their nuclear export, a critical step in the viral life cycle. An improved understanding of OP7's antiviral mechanism is crucial toward application in humans as a prospective antiviral treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rüdiger
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, 39106 Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
| | - Julita Piasecka
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, 39106 Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
| | - Jan Küchler
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, 39106 Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
| | - Carolina Pontes
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, 39106 Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
| | - Tanja Laske
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, 39106 Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
- Institute for Computational Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, 20148 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sascha Y. Kupke
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, 39106 Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
| | - Udo Reichl
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, 39106 Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
- Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
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3
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Dogra T, Pelz L, Boehme JD, Kuechler J, Kershaw O, Marichal-Gallardo P, Baelkner M, Hein MD, Gruber AD, Benndorf D, Genzel Y, Bruder D, Kupke SY, Reichl U. Generation of "OP7 chimera" defective interfering influenza A particle preparations free of infectious virus that show antiviral efficacy in mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20936. [PMID: 38017026 PMCID: PMC10684881 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47547-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) defective interfering particles (DIPs) are considered as new promising antiviral agents. Conventional DIPs (cDIPs) contain a deletion in the genome and can only replicate upon co-infection with infectious standard virus (STV), during which they suppress STV replication. We previously discovered a new type of IAV DIP "OP7" that entails genomic point mutations and displays higher antiviral efficacy than cDIPs. To avoid safety concerns for the medical use of OP7 preparations, we developed a production system that does not depend on infectious IAV. We reconstituted a mixture of DIPs consisting of cDIPs and OP7 chimera DIPs, in which both harbor a deletion in their genome. To complement the defect, the deleted viral protein is expressed by the suspension cell line used for production in shake flasks. Here, DIP preparations harvested are not contaminated with infectious virions, and the fraction of OP7 chimera DIPs depended on the multiplicity of infection. Intranasal administration of OP7 chimera DIP material was well tolerated in mice. A rescue from an otherwise lethal IAV infection and no signs of disease upon OP7 chimera DIP co-infection demonstrated the remarkable antiviral efficacy. The clinical development of this new class of broad-spectrum antiviral may contribute to pandemic preparedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Dogra
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Bioprocess Engineering, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lars Pelz
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Bioprocess Engineering, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Julia D Boehme
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Infection Prevention and Control, Infection Immunology Group, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto Von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Immune Regulation Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jan Kuechler
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Bioprocess Engineering, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Olivia Kershaw
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pavel Marichal-Gallardo
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Bioprocess Engineering, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Maike Baelkner
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Infection Prevention and Control, Infection Immunology Group, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto Von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Immune Regulation Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marc D Hein
- Bioprocess Engineering, Otto Von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Achim D Gruber
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk Benndorf
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Bioprocess Engineering, Magdeburg, Germany
- Bioprocess Engineering, Otto Von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Yvonne Genzel
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Bioprocess Engineering, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dunja Bruder
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Infection Prevention and Control, Infection Immunology Group, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto Von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Immune Regulation Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sascha Y Kupke
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Bioprocess Engineering, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Udo Reichl
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Bioprocess Engineering, Magdeburg, Germany
- Bioprocess Engineering, Otto Von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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4
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Liang Q, Yang J, Fan WTL, Lo WC. Patch formation driven by stochastic effects of interaction between viruses and defective interfering particles. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1011513. [PMID: 37782667 PMCID: PMC10569632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Defective interfering particles (DIPs) are virus-like particles that occur naturally during virus infections. These particles are defective, lacking essential genetic materials for replication, but they can interact with the wild-type virus and potentially be used as therapeutic agents. However, the effect of DIPs on infection spread is still unclear due to complicated stochastic effects and nonlinear spatial dynamics. In this work, we develop a model with a new hybrid method to study the spatial-temporal dynamics of viruses and DIPs co-infections within hosts. We present two different scenarios of virus production and compare the results from deterministic and stochastic models to demonstrate how the stochastic effect is involved in the spatial dynamics of virus transmission. We compare the spread features of the virus in simulations and experiments, including the formation and the speed of virus spread and the emergence of stochastic patchy patterns of virus distribution. Our simulations simultaneously capture observed spatial spread features in the experimental data, including the spread rate of the virus and its patchiness. The results demonstrate that DIPs can slow down the growth of virus particles and make the spread of the virus more patchy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiantong Liang
- Department of Mathematics, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Johnny Yang
- Department of Mathematics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Wai-Tong Louis Fan
- Department of Mathematics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Wing-Cheong Lo
- Department of Mathematics, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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5
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Pelz L, Piagnani E, Marsall P, Wynserski N, Hein MD, Marichal-Gallardo P, Kupke SY, Reichl U. Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Activity of Influenza A Defective Interfering Particles against Respiratory Syncytial, Yellow Fever, and Zika Virus Replication In Vitro. Viruses 2023; 15:1872. [PMID: 37766278 PMCID: PMC10537524 DOI: 10.3390/v15091872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
New broadly acting and readily available antiviral agents are needed to combat existing and emerging viruses. Defective interfering particles (DIPs) of influenza A virus (IAV) are regarded as promising options for the prevention and treatment of IAV infections. Interestingly, IAV DIPs also inhibit unrelated viral infections by stimulating antiviral innate immunity. Here, we tested the ability of IAV DIPs to suppress respiratory syncytial, yellow fever and Zika virus infections in vitro. In human lung (A549) cells, IAV DIP co-infection inhibited the replication and spread of all three viruses. In contrast, we observed no antiviral activity in Vero cells, which are deficient in the production of interferon (IFN), demonstrating its importance for the antiviral effect. Further, in A549 cells, we observed an enhanced type-I and type-III IFN response upon co-infection that appears to explain the antiviral potential of IAV DIPs. Finally, a lack of antiviral activity in the presence of the Janus kinase 1/2 (JAK1/2) inhibitor ruxolitinib was detected. This revealed a dependency of the antiviral activity on the JAK/signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway. Overall, this study supports the notion that IAV DIPs may be used as broad-spectrum antivirals to treat infections with a variety of IFN-sensitive viruses, particularly respiratory viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Pelz
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Elena Piagnani
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Marsall
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Nancy Wynserski
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Marc Dominique Hein
- Bioprocess Engineering, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Pavel Marichal-Gallardo
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sascha Young Kupke
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Udo Reichl
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Bioprocess Engineering, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
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6
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Lin MH, Li D, Tang B, Li L, Suhrbier A, Harrich D. Defective Interfering Particles with Broad-Acting Antiviral Activity for Dengue, Zika, Yellow Fever, Respiratory Syncytial and SARS-CoV-2 Virus Infection. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0394922. [PMID: 36445148 PMCID: PMC9769664 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03949-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 100 arboviruses, almost all of which have an RNA genome, cause disease in humans. RNA viruses are causing unprecedented health system challenges worldwide, many with little or no specific therapies or vaccines available. Certain species of mosquito can carry dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV) and yellow fever virus (YFV), where co-infection of these viruses has occurred. Here, we found that purified synthetic defective interfering particles (DIPs) derived from DENV type 2 (DENV-2) strongly suppressed replication of the aforementioned viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and also the novel emerging virus SARS-CoV-2 in human cells. DENV DIPs produced in bioreactors, purified by column chromatography, and concentrated are virus-like particles that are about half the diameter of a typical DENV particle, but with similar ratios of the viral structural proteins envelope and capsid. Overall, DIP-treated cells inhibited DENV, ZIKV, YFV, RSV, and SARS-CoV-2 by at least 98% by mechanisms which included interferon (IFN)-dependent cellular antiviral responses. IMPORTANCE DIPs are spontaneously derived virus mutants with deletions in genes that block viral replication. DIPs play important roles in modulation of viral disease, innate immune responses, virus persistence and virus evolution. Here, we investigated the antiviral activity of highly purified synthetic DIPs derived from DENV, which were produced in bioreactors. DENV DIPs purified by column chromatography strongly inhibited five different RNA viruses, including DENV, ZIKV, YFV, RSV, and SARS-CoV-2 in human cells. DENV DIPs inhibited virus replication via delivery of a small, noninfectious viral RNA that activated cellular innate immunity, resulting in robust type 1 interferon responses. The work here presents a pathway for DIP production which is adaptable to Good Manufacturing Practice, so that their preclinical testing should be suitable for evaluation in subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hsuan Lin
- Program of Infection and Inflammation, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dongsheng Li
- Program of Infection and Inflammation, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bing Tang
- Program of Infection and Inflammation, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Li Li
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, the University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andreas Suhrbier
- Program of Infection and Inflammation, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, GVN Center of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Harrich
- Program of Infection and Inflammation, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, GVN Center of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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7
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Development of Fluorescence-Tagged SARS-CoV-2 Virus-like Particles by a Tri-Cistronic Vector Expression System for Investigating the Cellular Entry of SARS-CoV-2. Viruses 2022; 14:v14122825. [PMID: 36560829 PMCID: PMC9786960 DOI: 10.3390/v14122825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused the pandemic that began late December 2019. The co-expression of SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins in cells could assemble into several types of virus-like particles (VLPs) without a viral RNA genome. VLPs containing S proteins with the structural and functional properties of authentic virions are safe materials to exploit for virus-cell entry and vaccine development. In this study, to generate SARS-CoV-2 VLPs (SCoV2-SEM VLPs) composed of three structural proteins including spike (S), envelop (E) protein and membrane (M) protein, a tri-cistronic vector expression system was established in a cell line co-expressing SARS-CoV-2 S, E and M proteins. The SCoV2-SEM VLPs were harvested from the cultured medium, and three structure proteins were confirmed by Western blot assay. A negative-stain TEM assay demonstrated the size of the SCoV2-SEM VLPs with a diameter of about 90 nm. To further characterize the infectious properties of SCoV2-SEM VLPs, the VLPs (atto647N-SCoV2-SEM VLPs) were fluorescence-labeled by conjugation with atto-647N and visualized under confocal microscopy at a single-particle resolution. The results of the infection assay revealed that atto647N-SCoV2-SEM VLPs attached to the surface of the HEK293T cells at the pre-binding phase in a ACE2-dependent manner. At the post-infection phase, atto647N-SCoV2-SEM VLPs either fused with the cellular membrane or internalized into the cytoplasm with mCherry-rab5-positive early endosomes. Moreover, fusion with the cellular membrane and the internalization with early endosomes could be inhibited by the treatment of camostat (a pharmacological inhibitor of TMPRSS2) and chlorpromazine (an endocytosis inhibitor), respectively. These results elucidated that SCoV2-SEM VLPs behave similarly to the authentic live SARS-CoV-2 virus, suggesting that the development of SCoV2-SEM VLPs provide a realistic and safe experimental model for studying the infectious mechanism of SARS-CoV-2.
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8
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Krishnamoorthy P, Raj AS, Kumar P, Das N, Kumar H. Host and viral non-coding RNAs in dengue pathogenesis. Rev Med Virol 2022; 32:e2360. [PMID: 35510480 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that causes frequent outbreaks in tropical countries. Due to the four different serotypes and ever-mutating RNA genome, it is challenging to develop efficient therapeutics. Early diagnosis is crucial to prevent the severe form of dengue, leading to mortality. In the past decade, rapid advancement in the high throughput sequencing technologies has shed light on the crucial regulating role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), also known as the "dark matter" of the genome, in various pathological processes. In addition to the human host ncRNAs like microRNAs and circular RNAs, DENV also produces ncRNAs such as subgenomic flaviviral RNAs that can modulate the virus life cycle and regulate disease outcomes. This review outlines the advances in understanding the interplay between the human host and DENV ncRNAs, their regulation of the innate immune system of the host, and the prospects of the ncRNAs in clinical applications such as dengue diagnosis and promising therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pandikannan Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Athira S Raj
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Pramod Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Nilanjana Das
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Himanshu Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.,Laboratory of Host Defense, WPI Immunology, Frontier Research Centre, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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9
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Bhat T, Cao A, Yin J. Virus-like Particles: Measures and Biological Functions. Viruses 2022; 14:383. [PMID: 35215979 PMCID: PMC8877645 DOI: 10.3390/v14020383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus-like particles resemble infectious virus particles in size, shape, and molecular composition; however, they fail to productively infect host cells. Historically, the presence of virus-like particles has been inferred from total particle counts by microscopy, and infectious particle counts or plaque-forming-units (PFUs) by plaque assay; the resulting ratio of particles-to-PFUs is often greater than one, easily 10 or 100, indicating that most particles are non-infectious. Despite their inability to hijack cells for their reproduction, virus-like particles and the defective genomes they carry can exhibit a broad range of behaviors: interference with normal virus growth during co-infections, cell killing, and activation or inhibition of innate immune signaling. In addition, some virus-like particles become productive as their multiplicities of infection increase, a sign of cooperation between particles. Here, we review established and emerging methods to count virus-like particles and characterize their biological functions. We take a critical look at evidence for defective interfering virus genomes in natural and clinical isolates, and we review their potential as antiviral therapeutics. In short, we highlight an urgent need to better understand how virus-like genomes and particles interact with intact functional viruses during co-infection of their hosts, and their impacts on the transmission, severity, and persistence of virus-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John Yin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 330 N. Orchard Street, Madison, WI 53715, USA; (T.B.); (A.C.)
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10
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Fatehi F, Bingham RJ, Dechant PP, Stockley PG, Twarock R. Therapeutic interfering particles exploiting viral replication and assembly mechanisms show promising performance: a modelling study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23847. [PMID: 34903795 PMCID: PMC8668974 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03168-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Defective interfering particles arise spontaneously during a viral infection as mutants lacking essential parts of the viral genome. Their ability to replicate in the presence of the wild-type (WT) virus (at the expense of viable viral particles) is mimicked and exploited by therapeutic interfering particles. We propose a strategy for the design of therapeutic interfering RNAs (tiRNAs) against positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses that assemble via packaging signal-mediated assembly. These tiRNAs contain both an optimised version of the virus assembly manual that is encoded by multiple dispersed RNA packaging signals and a replication signal for viral polymerase, but lack any protein coding information. We use an intracellular model for hepatitis C viral (HCV) infection that captures key aspects of the competition dynamics between tiRNAs and viral genomes for virally produced capsid protein and polymerase. We show that only a small increase in the assembly and replication efficiency of the tiRNAs compared with WT virus is required in order to achieve a treatment efficacy greater than 99%. This demonstrates that the proposed tiRNA design could be a promising treatment option for RNA viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Fatehi
- York Cross-disciplinary Centre for Systems Analysis, University of York, York, YO10 5GE, UK
- Department of Mathematics, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Richard J Bingham
- York Cross-disciplinary Centre for Systems Analysis, University of York, York, YO10 5GE, UK
- Department of Mathematics, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Pierre-Philippe Dechant
- York Cross-disciplinary Centre for Systems Analysis, University of York, York, YO10 5GE, UK
- Department of Mathematics, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
- School of Science, Technology and Health, York St John University, York, YO31 7EX, UK
| | - Peter G Stockley
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Reidun Twarock
- York Cross-disciplinary Centre for Systems Analysis, University of York, York, YO10 5GE, UK.
- Department of Mathematics, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
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