A porcine brain-wide RNA editing landscape

The AIRN lncRNA is imprinted and paternally expressed in pigs

Genomic imprinting plays critical roles during the development of mammalian species and underlying epigenetic mechanisms frequently involve long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). The paternal transcription of the antisense Igf2r RNA noncoding (Airn) is responsible for paternal silencing of the mouse insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (Igf2r) gene and maternal Igf2r expression. Although the corresponding maternal DNA methylation imprint is conserved in humans and pigs, the orthologous AIRN lncRNA has been identified in humans but not in pigs. Here, we aimed to examine imprinted allelic expression of the porcine AIRN lncRNA along with a corresponding differentially methylated region (DMR) and to analyze allelic expression of AIRN and IGF2R in pigs. By comparing parthenogenetic and control porcine embryos, we identified a maternally methylated DMR and a significantly higher expression of AIRN lncRNA in control embryos (P < 0.05) indicating its paternal expression. Further analyses revealed that the expression of AIRN lncRNA was enriched in the pig brain and its subregions, and it was monoallelically expressed; whereas, IGF2R was expressed biallelically suggesting an absence of allele-specific transcriptional regulation. Our findings will lead to further investigations into the role of the imprinted porcine AIRN lncRNA during pig development.