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Parasayan O, Laurelut C, Bôle C, Bonnabel L, Corona A, Domenech-Jaulneau C, Paresys C, Richard I, Grange T, Geigl EM. Late Neolithic collective burial reveals admixture dynamics during the third millennium BCE and the shaping of the European genome. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadl2468. [PMID: 38896620 PMCID: PMC11186501 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl2468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The third millennium BCE was a pivotal period of profound cultural and genomic transformations in Europe associated with migrations from the Pontic-Caspian steppe, which shaped the ancestry patterns in the present-day European genome. We performed a high-resolution whole-genome analysis including haplotype phasing of seven individuals of a collective burial from ~2500 cal BCE and of a Bell Beaker individual from ~2300 cal BCE in the Paris Basin in France. The collective burial revealed the arrival in real time of steppe ancestry in France. We reconstructed the genome of an unsampled individual through its relatives' genomes, enabling us to shed light on the early-stage admixture patterns, dynamics, and propagation of steppe ancestry in Late Neolithic Europe. We identified two major Neolithic/steppe-related ancestry admixture pulses around 3000/2900 BCE and 2600 BCE. These pulses suggest different population expansion dynamics with striking links to the Corded Ware and Bell Beaker cultural complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oğuzhan Parasayan
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Laurelut
- INRAP Grand Est, Châlons-en-Champagne, France
- UMR 8215 Trajectoires (CNRS-University Paris I), Paris, France
| | - Christine Bôle
- Genomics Core Facility, Institut Imagine-Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM U1163 et INSERM US24/CNRS UAR3633, Paris Descartes Sorbonne Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Alois Corona
- Service archéologique interdépartemental, 78180 Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Cynthia Domenech-Jaulneau
- Service Régional, Direction Régionale des Affaires culturelles d’Île-de-France, UMR 8215 Trajectoires (CNRS-University Paris I), Paris, France
| | - Cécile Paresys
- INRAP Grand Est, Châlons-en-Champagne, France
- UMR 6472 CEPAM (CNRS-Nice University), Nice, France
| | - Isabelle Richard
- INRAP Grand Est, Châlons-en-Champagne, France
- UMR 6472 CEPAM (CNRS-Nice University), Nice, France
| | - Thierry Grange
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Eva-Maria Geigl
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013 Paris, France
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Quilodrán CS, Rio J, Tsoupas A, Currat M. Past human expansions shaped the spatial pattern of Neanderthal ancestry. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg9817. [PMID: 37851812 PMCID: PMC10584333 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg9817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide expansion of modern humans (Homo sapiens) started before the extinction of Neanderthals (Homo neanderthalensis). Both species coexisted and interbred, leading to slightly higher introgression in East Asians than in Europeans. This distinct ancestry level has been argued to result from selection, but range expansions of modern humans could provide an alternative explanation. This hypothesis would lead to spatial introgression gradients, increasing with distance from the expansion source. We investigate the presence of Neanderthal introgression gradients after past human expansions by analyzing Eurasian paleogenomes. We show that the out-of-Africa expansion resulted in spatial gradients of Neanderthal ancestry that persisted through time. While keeping the same gradient orientation, the expansion of early Neolithic farmers contributed decisively to reducing the Neanderthal introgression in European populations compared to Asian populations. This is because Neolithic farmers carried less Neanderthal DNA than preceding Paleolithic hunter-gatherers. This study shows that inferences about past human population dynamics can be made from the spatiotemporal variation in archaic introgression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jérémy Rio
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexandros Tsoupas
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mathias Currat
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (IGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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