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Jaago M, Rähni A, Pupina N, Pihlak A, Sadam H, Tuvikene J, Avarlaid A, Planken A, Planken M, Haring L, Vasar E, Baćević M, Lambert F, Kalso E, Pussinen P, Tienari PJ, Vaheri A, Lindholm D, Timmusk T, Ghaemmaghami AM, Palm K. Differential patterns of cross-reactive antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein detected for chronically ill and healthy COVID-19 naïve individuals. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16817. [PMID: 36207326 PMCID: PMC9540097 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20849-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunity to previously encountered viruses can alter response to unrelated pathogens. We reasoned that similar mechanism may also involve SARS-CoV-2 and thereby affect the specificity and the quality of the immune response against the virus. Here, we employed high-throughput next generation phage display method to explore the link between antibody immune response to previously encountered antigens and spike (S) glycoprotein. By profiling the antibody response in COVID-19 naïve individuals with a diverse clinical history (including cardiovascular, neurological, or oncological diseases), we identified 15 highly antigenic epitopes on spike protein that showed cross-reactivity with antigens of seasonal, persistent, latent or chronic infections from common human viruses. We observed varying degrees of cross-reactivity of different viral antigens with S in an epitope-specific manner. The data show that pre-existing SARS-CoV-2 S1 and S2 cross-reactive serum antibody is readily detectable in pre-pandemic cohort. In the severe COVID-19 cases, we found differential antibody response to the 15 defined antigenic and cross-reactive epitopes on spike. We also noted that despite the high mutation rates of Omicron (B.1.1.529) variants of SARS-CoV-2, some of the epitopes overlapped with the described mutations. Finally, we propose that the resolved epitopes on spike if targeted by re-called antibody response from SARS-CoV-2 infections or vaccinations can function in chronically ill COVID-19 naïve/unvaccinated individuals as immunogenic targets to boost antibodies augmenting the chronic conditions. Understanding the relationships between prior antigen exposure at the antibody epitope level and the immune response to subsequent infections with viruses from a different strain is paramount to guiding strategies to exit the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariliis Jaago
- Protobios LLC, Tallinn, Estonia
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Annika Rähni
- Protobios LLC, Tallinn, Estonia
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | | | | | - Helle Sadam
- Protobios LLC, Tallinn, Estonia
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Jürgen Tuvikene
- Protobios LLC, Tallinn, Estonia
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
- DXLabs LLC, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Annela Avarlaid
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Anu Planken
- North Estonia Medical Centre Foundation, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Margus Planken
- North Estonia Medical Centre Foundation, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Liina Haring
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Psychiatry Clinic of Tartu University Hospital, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eero Vasar
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Center of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Miljana Baćević
- Dental Biomaterial Research Unit (d-BRU), Faculty of Medicine, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - France Lambert
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Eija Kalso
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- SleepWell Research Programme, Department of Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirkko Pussinen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pentti J Tienari
- Translational Immunology Research Program, Department of Neurology, Neurocenter, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Vaheri
- Department of Virology, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dan Lindholm
- Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tõnis Timmusk
- Protobios LLC, Tallinn, Estonia
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Amir M Ghaemmaghami
- Immunology and Immuno-Bioengineering Group, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Possible association between COVID-19 caused stress and periodontal health - a pilot study. SRP ARK CELOK LEK 2022. [DOI: 10.2298/sarh220606073v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction/Objective. Stress is proposed as one of the risk factors linked to periodontal disease. The COVID-19 pandemic has a significant negative impact in population on mental and somatic health. This study aimed to examine the possible association between COVID-19 resultant stress and periodontal health. Methods. An observational pilot study was conducted from March 2020 to October 2021 and included 202 participants. Participants graded their stress level using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Periodontal Disease Index and Clinical Attachment Level were determined. Participants were categorized into following groups: Ia (low stress), IIa (moderate stress), IIIa (high stress) and Ib (healthy parodontium), IIb (mild periodontal disease), IIIb (severe periodontal disease). The cause/effect relationship between stress and health was measured. Results. The results indicated a statistically significant difference between the groups classified according to the stress level concerning values of all the measured parameters. The Poisson regression analysis showed that in both models, crude and adjusted, periodontal health-related covariables were higher in subjects perceiving greater stress (Periodontal Disease Index ? Pradjusted = 1.042, 95% CI [1.030?1.055] and Clinical Attachment Level ? PRadjusted = 1.108, 95% CI [1.094?1.122]). Conslusion. During COVID-19 pandemic increased stress has a negative impact on mental health and may result in the deterioration of the entire oral cavity?s health, including the periodontium.
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