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Giusti V, Miserocchi G, Sbanchi G, Pannella M, Hattinger CM, Cesari M, Fantoni L, Guerrieri AN, Bellotti C, De Vita A, Spadazzi C, Donati DM, Torsello M, Lucarelli E, Ibrahim T, Mercatali L. Xenografting Human Musculoskeletal Sarcomas in Mice, Chick Embryo, and Zebrafish: How to Boost Translational Research. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1921. [PMID: 39200384 PMCID: PMC11352184 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal sarcomas pose major challenges to researchers and clinicians due to their rarity and heterogeneity. Xenografting human cells or tumor fragments in rodents is a mainstay for the generation of cancer models and for the preclinical trial of novel drugs. Lately, though, technical, intrinsic and ethical concerns together with stricter regulations have significantly curbed the employment of murine patient-derived xenografts (mPDX). In alternatives to murine PDXs, researchers have focused on embryonal systems such as chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and zebrafish embryos. These systems are time- and cost-effective hosts for tumor fragments and near-patient cells. The CAM of the chick embryo represents a unique vascularized environment to host xenografts with high engraftment rates, allowing for ease of visualization and molecular detection of metastatic cells. Thanks to the transparency of the larvae, zebrafish allow for the tracking of tumor development and metastatization, enabling high-throughput drug screening. This review will focus on xenograft models of musculoskeletal sarcomas to highlight the intrinsic and technically distinctive features of the different hosts, and how they can be exploited to elucidate biological mechanisms beneath the different phases of the tumor's natural history and in drug development. Ultimately, the review suggests the combination of different models as an advantageous approach to boost basic and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Giusti
- Osteoncology, Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas and Innovative Therapies Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (V.G.); (G.S.); (M.P.); (C.M.H.); (M.C.); (L.F.); (A.N.G.); (C.B.); (T.I.); (L.M.)
| | - Giacomo Miserocchi
- Preclinic and Osteoncology Unit, Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (G.M.); (A.D.V.); (C.S.)
| | - Giulia Sbanchi
- Osteoncology, Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas and Innovative Therapies Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (V.G.); (G.S.); (M.P.); (C.M.H.); (M.C.); (L.F.); (A.N.G.); (C.B.); (T.I.); (L.M.)
| | - Micaela Pannella
- Osteoncology, Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas and Innovative Therapies Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (V.G.); (G.S.); (M.P.); (C.M.H.); (M.C.); (L.F.); (A.N.G.); (C.B.); (T.I.); (L.M.)
| | - Claudia Maria Hattinger
- Osteoncology, Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas and Innovative Therapies Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (V.G.); (G.S.); (M.P.); (C.M.H.); (M.C.); (L.F.); (A.N.G.); (C.B.); (T.I.); (L.M.)
| | - Marilena Cesari
- Osteoncology, Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas and Innovative Therapies Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (V.G.); (G.S.); (M.P.); (C.M.H.); (M.C.); (L.F.); (A.N.G.); (C.B.); (T.I.); (L.M.)
| | - Leonardo Fantoni
- Osteoncology, Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas and Innovative Therapies Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (V.G.); (G.S.); (M.P.); (C.M.H.); (M.C.); (L.F.); (A.N.G.); (C.B.); (T.I.); (L.M.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ania Naila Guerrieri
- Osteoncology, Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas and Innovative Therapies Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (V.G.); (G.S.); (M.P.); (C.M.H.); (M.C.); (L.F.); (A.N.G.); (C.B.); (T.I.); (L.M.)
| | - Chiara Bellotti
- Osteoncology, Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas and Innovative Therapies Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (V.G.); (G.S.); (M.P.); (C.M.H.); (M.C.); (L.F.); (A.N.G.); (C.B.); (T.I.); (L.M.)
| | - Alessandro De Vita
- Preclinic and Osteoncology Unit, Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (G.M.); (A.D.V.); (C.S.)
| | - Chiara Spadazzi
- Preclinic and Osteoncology Unit, Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (G.M.); (A.D.V.); (C.S.)
| | - Davide Maria Donati
- Orthopaedic Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Monica Torsello
- Osteoncology, Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas and Innovative Therapies Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (V.G.); (G.S.); (M.P.); (C.M.H.); (M.C.); (L.F.); (A.N.G.); (C.B.); (T.I.); (L.M.)
| | - Enrico Lucarelli
- Osteoncology, Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas and Innovative Therapies Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (V.G.); (G.S.); (M.P.); (C.M.H.); (M.C.); (L.F.); (A.N.G.); (C.B.); (T.I.); (L.M.)
| | - Toni Ibrahim
- Osteoncology, Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas and Innovative Therapies Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (V.G.); (G.S.); (M.P.); (C.M.H.); (M.C.); (L.F.); (A.N.G.); (C.B.); (T.I.); (L.M.)
| | - Laura Mercatali
- Osteoncology, Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas and Innovative Therapies Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (V.G.); (G.S.); (M.P.); (C.M.H.); (M.C.); (L.F.); (A.N.G.); (C.B.); (T.I.); (L.M.)
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2
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Green D, van Ewijk R, Tirtei E, Andreou D, Baecklund F, Baumhoer D, Bielack SS, Botchu R, Boye K, Brennan B, Capra M, Cottone L, Dirksen U, Fagioli F, Fernandez N, Flanagan AM, Gambarotti M, Gaspar N, Gelderblom H, Gerrand C, Gomez-Mascard A, Hardes J, Hecker-Nolting S, Kabickova E, Kager L, Kanerva J, Kester LA, Kuijjer ML, Laurence V, Lervat C, Marchais A, Marec-Berard P, Mendes C, Merks JH, Ory B, Palmerini E, Pantziarka P, Papakonstantinou E, Piperno-Neumann S, Raciborska A, Roundhill EA, Rutkauskaite V, Safwat A, Scotlandi K, Staals EL, Strauss SJ, Surdez D, Sys GM, Tabone MD, Toulmonde M, Valverde C, van de Sande MA, Wörtler K, Campbell-Hewson Q, McCabe MG, Nathrath M. Biological Sample Collection to Advance Research and Treatment: A Fight Osteosarcoma Through European Research and Euro Ewing Consortium Statement. Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:3395-3406. [PMID: 38869831 PMCID: PMC11334773 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-24-0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma are bone tumors mostly diagnosed in children, adolescents, and young adults. Despite multimodal therapy, morbidity is high and survival rates remain low, especially in the metastatic disease setting. Trials investigating targeted therapies and immunotherapies have not been groundbreaking. Better understanding of biological subgroups, the role of the tumor immune microenvironment, factors that promote metastasis, and clinical biomarkers of prognosis and drug response are required to make progress. A prerequisite to achieve desired success is a thorough, systematic, and clinically linked biological analysis of patient samples, but disease rarity and tissue processing challenges such as logistics and infrastructure have contributed to a lack of relevant samples for clinical care and research. There is a need for a Europe-wide framework to be implemented for the adequate and minimal sampling, processing, storage, and analysis of patient samples. Two international panels of scientists, clinicians, and patient and parent advocates have formed the Fight Osteosarcoma Through European Research consortium and the Euro Ewing Consortium. The consortia shared their expertise and institutional practices to formulate new guidelines. We report new reference standards for adequate and minimally required sampling (time points, diagnostic samples, and liquid biopsy tubes), handling, and biobanking to enable advanced biological studies in bone sarcoma. We describe standards for analysis and annotation to drive collaboration and data harmonization with practical, legal, and ethical considerations. This position paper provides comprehensive guidelines that should become the new standards of care that will accelerate scientific progress, promote collaboration, and improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darrell Green
- Biomedical Research Centre, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom.
| | - Roelof van Ewijk
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Elisa Tirtei
- Pediatric Oncology, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, Turin, Italy.
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
| | - Dimosthenis Andreou
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Fredrik Baecklund
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Daniel Baumhoer
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Stefan S. Bielack
- Center for Pediatric, Adolescent and Women’s Medicine, Klinikum Stuttgart—Olgahospital, Stuttgart Cancer Centre, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Rajesh Botchu
- Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
| | - Kjetil Boye
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Bernadette Brennan
- Paediatric Oncology, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - Michael Capra
- Haematology/Oncology, Children’s Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Lucia Cottone
- Department of Pathology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Uta Dirksen
- Pediatrics III, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Site Essen, Cancer Research Center (NCT) Cologne-Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Franca Fagioli
- Pediatric Oncology, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, Turin, Italy.
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
| | - Natalia Fernandez
- Patient and Parent Advocacy Group, FOSTER, Washington, District of Columbia.
| | - Adrienne M. Flanagan
- Department of Pathology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
- Histopathology, The Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Stanmore, United Kingdom.
| | - Marco Gambarotti
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Nathalie Gaspar
- Department of Oncology for Child and Adolescent, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.
- U1015, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.
| | - Hans Gelderblom
- Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Craig Gerrand
- Orthopaedic Oncology, The Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Stanmore, United Kingdom.
| | - Anne Gomez-Mascard
- Department of Pathology, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse, France.
- EQ ONCOSARC, CRCT Inserm/UT3, ERL CNRS, Toulouse, France.
| | - Jendrik Hardes
- Tumour Orthopaedics, University Hospital Essen, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Site Essen, Cancer Research Center (NCT) Cologne-Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Hecker-Nolting
- Center for Pediatric, Adolescent and Women’s Medicine, Klinikum Stuttgart—Olgahospital, Stuttgart Cancer Centre, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Edita Kabickova
- Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Leo Kager
- Pediatrics, St Anna Children’s Hospital, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- St Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Jukka Kanerva
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, HUS Helsinki University Hospital, New Children’s Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Lennart A. Kester
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Marieke L. Kuijjer
- Computational Biology and Systems Medicine Group, Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
- Leiden Center for Computational Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Cyril Lervat
- Department of Pediatrics and AYA Oncology, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille, France.
| | - Antonin Marchais
- Department of Oncology for Child and Adolescent, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.
| | - Perrine Marec-Berard
- Institute of Hematology and Pediatric Oncology, Léon Bérard Center, Lyon, France.
| | - Cristina Mendes
- Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Johannes H.M. Merks
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
- Division of Imaging and Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Benjamin Ory
- School of Medicine, Nantes Université, Nantes, France.
| | - Emanuela Palmerini
- Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas and Innovative Therapies Unit, IRCCS Istituto Orthopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Pan Pantziarka
- Patient and Parent Advocacy Group, FOSTER, Washington, District of Columbia.
- Anticancer Fund, Meise, Belgium.
- The George Pantziarka TP53 Trust, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Evgenia Papakonstantinou
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Ippokratio General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | | | - Anna Raciborska
- Oncology and Surgical Oncology for Children and Youth, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Elizabeth A. Roundhill
- Children’s Cancer Research Group, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.
| | - Vilma Rutkauskaite
- Center for Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Akmal Safwat
- The Danish Centre for Particle Therapy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Katia Scotlandi
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Eric L. Staals
- Orthopaedics and Trauma, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Sandra J. Strauss
- Department of Oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UCL Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Didier Surdez
- Balgrist University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Gwen M.L. Sys
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium.
| | - Marie-Dominique Tabone
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, A. Trousseau Hospital, Sorbonne University, APHP, Paris, France.
| | - Maud Toulmonde
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Claudia Valverde
- Medical Oncology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - Klaus Wörtler
- Musculoskeletal Radiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Quentin Campbell-Hewson
- Great North Children’s Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
| | - Martin G. McCabe
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - Michaela Nathrath
- Children’s Cancer Research Center, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Pediatric Oncology, Klinikum Kassel, Kassel, Germany.
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Patel KR, Espinoza AF, Urbicain M, Patel RH, Major A, Sarabia SF, Lopez-Terrada D, Vasudevan SA, Woodfield SE. Histopathologic and immunophenotypic characterization of patient-derived pediatric malignant hepatocellular tumor xenografts (PDXs). Pathol Res Pract 2024; 255:155163. [PMID: 38394806 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Advances in targeted therapies for pediatric hepatocellular tumors have been limited due to a paucity of clinically relevant models. Establishment and validation of intrahepatic patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models would help bridging this gap. The aim of this study is to compare the histomorphologic and immunophenotypic fidelity of patient tumors and their corresponding intrahepatic PDX models. Murine PDX models were established by intrahepatic implantation of patient tumors. Pathology slides from both patients and their corresponding PDX models were reviewed and quantitatively assessed for various histologic components and immunophenotypic markers. Ten PDX models were successfully established from nine patients with pre- (n=3) and post- (n=6) chemotherapy samples; diagnosed of hepatoblastoma (n=8) and hepatocellular neoplasm, not otherwise specified (n=1). Two of nine (22.2%) patients showed ≥75% fetal component; however, the corresponding PDX models did not maintain this fetal differentiation. High grade histology was seen in three patients (33.3%) and overrepresented in six PDX models (60%). Within the subset of three PDXs that were further characterized, significant IHC concordance was seen in all 3 models for CK7, CK19, Ki-67, and p53; and 2 of 3 models for Sox9 and Beta-catenin. GPC-3 and GS showed variable to moderate concordance, while Hepar was the least concordant. Our study shows that in general, the PDX models appear to represent the higher-grade component of the original tumor and show significant concordance for Ki-67, making them appropriate tools for testing new therapies for the most aggressive, therapy-resistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyani R Patel
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Anatomic Pathology Division, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Andres F Espinoza
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Martin Urbicain
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Genomic Medicine Division, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Roma H Patel
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Angela Major
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Anatomic Pathology Division, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stephen F Sarabia
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Genomic Medicine Division, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dolores Lopez-Terrada
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Genomic Medicine Division, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sanjeev A Vasudevan
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sarah E Woodfield
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Lim WC, Marques Da Costa ME, Godefroy K, Jacquet E, Gragert L, Rondof W, Marchais A, Nhiri N, Dalfovo D, Viard M, Labaied N, Khan AM, Dessen P, Romanel A, Pasqualini C, Schleiermacher G, Carrington M, Zitvogel L, Scoazec JY, Geoerger B, Salmon J. Divergent HLA variations and heterogeneous expression but recurrent HLA loss-of- heterozygosity and common HLA-B and TAP transcriptional silencing across advanced pediatric solid cancers. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1265469. [PMID: 38318504 PMCID: PMC10839790 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1265469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system is a major factor controlling cancer immunosurveillance and response to immunotherapy, yet its status in pediatric cancers remains fragmentary. We determined high-confidence HLA genotypes in 576 children, adolescents and young adults with recurrent/refractory solid tumors from the MOSCATO-01 and MAPPYACTS trials, using normal and tumor whole exome and RNA sequencing data and benchmarked algorithms. There was no evidence for narrowed HLA allelic diversity but discordant homozygosity and allele frequencies across tumor types and subtypes, such as in embryonal and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma MYCN and 11q subtypes, and high-grade glioma, and several alleles may represent protective or susceptibility factors to specific pediatric solid cancers. There was a paucity of somatic mutations in HLA and antigen processing and presentation (APP) genes in most tumors, except in cases with mismatch repair deficiency or genetic instability. The prevalence of loss-of-heterozygosity (LOH) ranged from 5.9 to 7.7% in HLA class I and 8.0 to 16.7% in HLA class II genes, but was widely increased in osteosarcoma and glioblastoma (~15-25%), and for DRB1-DQA1-DQB1 in Ewing sarcoma (~23-28%) and low-grade glioma (~33-50%). HLA class I and HLA-DR antigen expression was assessed in 194 tumors and 44 patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) by immunochemistry, and class I and APP transcript levels quantified in PDXs by RT-qPCR. We confirmed that HLA class I antigen expression is heterogeneous in advanced pediatric solid tumors, with class I loss commonly associated with the transcriptional downregulation of HLA-B and transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) genes, whereas class II antigen expression is scarce on tumor cells and occurs on immune infiltrating cells. Patients with tumors expressing sufficient HLA class I and TAP levels such as some glioma, osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma and non-rhabdomyosarcoma soft-tissue sarcoma cases may more likely benefit from T cell-based approaches, whereas strategies to upregulate HLA expression, to expand the immunopeptidome, and to target TAP-independent epitopes or possibly LOH might provide novel therapeutic opportunities in others. The consequences of HLA class II expression by immune cells remain to be established. Immunogenetic profiling should be implemented in routine to inform immunotherapy trials for precision medicine of pediatric cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Ching Lim
- INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Bioinformatics Platform, AMMICA, INSERM US23/CNRS UMS3655, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- School of Data Sciences, Perdana University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Karine Godefroy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Translational Research Laboratory and Biobank, AMMICA, INSERM US23/CNRS UMS3655, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Eric Jacquet
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR2301, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Loren Gragert
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Windy Rondof
- INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Bioinformatics Platform, AMMICA, INSERM US23/CNRS UMS3655, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Antonin Marchais
- INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Bioinformatics Platform, AMMICA, INSERM US23/CNRS UMS3655, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Naima Nhiri
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR2301, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Davide Dalfovo
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Mathias Viard
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Nizar Labaied
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Translational Research Laboratory and Biobank, AMMICA, INSERM US23/CNRS UMS3655, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Asif M. Khan
- School of Data Sciences, Perdana University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Philippe Dessen
- Bioinformatics Platform, AMMICA, INSERM US23/CNRS UMS3655, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Alessandro Romanel
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Claudia Pasqualini
- INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Gudrun Schleiermacher
- INSERM U830, Recherche Translationnelle en Oncologie Pédiatrique (RTOP), and SIREDO Oncology Center (Care, Innovation and Research for Children and AYA with Cancer), PSL Research University, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Mary Carrington
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Jean-Yves Scoazec
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Translational Research Laboratory and Biobank, AMMICA, INSERM US23/CNRS UMS3655, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Birgit Geoerger
- INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Jerome Salmon
- INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
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Clairmont CD, Gell JJ, Lau CC. Pediatric Tumors as Disorders of Development: The Case for In Vitro Modeling Based on Human Stem Cells. Cancer Control 2024; 31:10732748241270564. [PMID: 39118322 PMCID: PMC11311176 DOI: 10.1177/10732748241270564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite improvements in patient outcomes, pediatric cancer remains a leading cause of non-accidental death in children. Recent genetic analysis of patients with pediatric cancers indicates an important role for both germline genetic predisposition and cancer-specific somatic driver mutations. Increasingly, evidence demonstrates that the developmental timepoint at which the cancer cell-of-origin transforms is critical to tumor identity and therapeutic response. Therefore, future therapeutic development would be bolstered by the use of disease models that faithfully recapitulate the genetic context, cell-of-origin, and developmental window of vulnerability in pediatric cancers. Human stem cells have the potential to incorporate all of these characteristics into a pediatric cancer model, while serving as a platform for rapid genetic and pharmacological testing. In this review, we describe how human stem cells have been used to model pediatric cancers and how these models compare to other pediatric cancer model modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cullen D. Clairmont
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Joanna J. Gell
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
- Connecticut Children’s Medical Center, Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Hartford, CT, USA
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Ching C. Lau
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
- Connecticut Children’s Medical Center, Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Hartford, CT, USA
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
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