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Noblet T, Busson B. Linear and nonlinear optics in composite systems: From diagrammatic modeling to applications. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:214710. [PMID: 38836456 DOI: 10.1063/5.0209194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
A bipartite system is defined as two microscopic entities being able to exchange energy. When excited by light, the complete optical response functions at first (polarizabilities) and second orders (first hyperpolarizabilities) of such a system are determined using the diagrammatic theory of optics. The generality of the method is ensured by the free choice of light-matter and matter-matter interaction Hamiltonians and by the arbitrary number of quanta involved in the energy exchange. In the dipolar approximation, the optical response functions of the system (i.e., of the interacting entities) are linked to the responses of the interaction-free entities by transfer matrices. These universal matrices identically modify the optical response functions at all orders in the electromagnetic field, allowing the implementation of matter-matter interactions in higher-order processes, such as stimulated or spontaneous Raman scattering and four-wave mixing. This formalism is then applied to various composite systems: dimers, multimers and lattices of nanoparticles and molecules, dense molecular layers, and substrate-induced image dipoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Noblet
- GRASP-Biophotonics, CESAM, University of Liege, Institute of Physics, Allée du 6 août 17, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Bertrand Busson
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Physique, UMR 8000, 91405 Orsay, France
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2
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Zeng WW, Luo T, Xu P, Zhou C, Yang X, Ren Z. Vibronic coupling of Rhodamine 6G molecules studied by doubly resonant sum frequency generation spectroscopy with narrowband infrared and broadband visible. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:024705. [PMID: 38205850 DOI: 10.1063/5.0179871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Doubly resonant sum frequency generation (DR-SFG) serves as a potent characteristic technique for probing the electronic spectra and vibronic coupling of molecules on surfaces. In this study, we successfully developed a novel infrared (IR)-white light (WL) DR-SFG spectroscopy based on narrowband IR and tunable broadband WL. This novel method was employed to explore the excitation spectrum and vibronic couplings of sub-monolayer Rhodamine 6G molecules. Our findings elucidate that the xanthene skeleton vibrational modes exhibit strong coupling with the S0-S1 electronic transition. Notably, we observed not only the 0-0 transition of the S0-S1 electronic continuum but also the 0-1 transition, a first time observation in the realm of DR-SFG spectroscopy. This advanced DR-SFG spectroscopy methodology facilitates a more sensitive examination of electronic spectra and the coupling between electronic transitions and vibrational modes, heralding a significant advancement in the understanding of molecular interactions on surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
- Research Center for Industries of the Future and School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanyao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Road, Guangdong, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Zefeng Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
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3
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Noblet T, Busson B. Diagrammatic theory of magnetic and quadrupolar contributions to sum-frequency generation in composite systems. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:024704. [PMID: 38193549 DOI: 10.1063/5.0187520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Second-order nonlinear processes like Sum-Frequency Generation (SFG) are essentially defined in the electric dipolar approximation. However, when dealing with the SFG responses of bulk, big nanoparticles, highly symmetric objects, or chiral species, magnetic and quadrupolar contributions play a significant role in the process too. We extend the diagrammatic theory for linear and nonlinear optics to include these terms for single objects as well as for multipartite systems in interaction. Magnetic and quadrupolar quantities are introduced in the formalism as incoming fields, interaction intermediates, and sources of optical nonlinearity. New response functions and complex nonlinear processes are defined, and their symmetry properties are analyzed. This leads to a focus on several kinds of applications involving nanoscale coupled objects, symmetric molecular systems, and chiral materials, both in line with the existing literature and opening new possibilities for original complex systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Noblet
- GRASP-Biophotonics, CESAM, University of Liege, Institute of Physics, Allée du 6 août 17, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Bertrand Busson
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Physique, UMR 8000, 91405 Orsay, France
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Prestopino G, Orsini A, Barettin D, Arrabito G, Pignataro B, Medaglia PG. Vertically Aligned Nanowires and Quantum Dots: Promises and Results in Light Energy Harvesting. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4297. [PMID: 37374481 DOI: 10.3390/ma16124297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of crystals with a high surface-to-volume ratio is essential for innovative, high-performance electronic devices and sensors. The easiest way to achieve this in integrated devices with electronic circuits is through the synthesis of high-aspect-ratio nanowires aligned vertically to the substrate surface. Such surface structuring is widely employed for the fabrication of photoanodes for solar cells, either combined with semiconducting quantum dots or metal halide perovskites. In this review, we focus on wet chemistry recipes for the growth of vertically aligned nanowires and technologies for their surface functionalization with quantum dots, highlighting the procedures that yield the best results in photoconversion efficiencies on rigid and flexible substrates. We also discuss the effectiveness of their implementation. Among the three main materials used for the fabrication of nanowire-quantum dot solar cells, ZnO is the most promising, particularly due to its piezo-phototronic effects. Techniques for functionalizing the surfaces of nanowires with quantum dots still need to be refined to be effective in covering the surface and practical to implement. The best results have been obtained from slow multi-step local drop casting. It is promising that good efficiencies have been achieved with both environmentally toxic lead-containing quantum dots and environmentally friendly zinc selenide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Prestopino
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", Via del Politecnico, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Orsini
- Università degli Studi "Niccolò Cusano", ATHENA European University, Via Don Carlo Gnocchi 3, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Barettin
- Università degli Studi "Niccolò Cusano", ATHENA European University, Via Don Carlo Gnocchi 3, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Arrabito
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica-Emilio Segrè, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Bruno Pignataro
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica-Emilio Segrè, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Pier Gianni Medaglia
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", Via del Politecnico, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Two-Colour Sum-Frequency Generation Spectroscopy Coupled to Plasmonics with the CLIO Free Electron Laser. PHOTONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics9020055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nonlinear plasmonics requires the use of high-intensity laser sources in the visible and near/mid-infrared spectral ranges to characterise the potential enhancement of the vibrational fingerprint of chemically functionalised nanostructured interfaces aimed at improving the molecular detection threshold in nanosensors. We used Two-Colour Sum-Frequency Generation (2C-SFG) nonlinear optical spectroscopy coupled to the European CLIO Free Electron Laser in order to highlight an energy transfer in organic and inorganic interfaces built on a silicon substrate. We evidence that a molecular pollutant, such as thiophenol molecules adsorbed on small gold metal nanospheres grafted on silicon, was detected at the monolayer scale in the 10 µm infrared spectral range, with increasing SFG intensity of three specific phenyl ring vibration modes reaching two magnitude orders from blue to green–yellow excitation wavelengths. This observation is related to a strong plasmonic coupling to the thiophenol molecules vibrations. The high level of gold nanospheres aggregation on the substrate allows us to dramatically increase the presence of hotspots, revealing collective plasmon modes based on strong local electric fields between the gold nanoparticles packed in close contact on the substrate. This configuration favors detection of Raman active vibration modes, for which 2C-SFG spectroscopy is particularly efficient in this unusual infrared spectral range.
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Mack TG, Spinelli J, Andrews MP, Kambhampati P. Resonance Raman Vibrational Mode Enhancement of Adsorbed Benzenethiols on CdSe Is Predominantly Franck-Condon in Nature and Governed by Symmetry. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:7935-7941. [PMID: 34387493 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report mode-specific resonance Raman enhancements of ligands covalently bound to the surface of colloidal CdSe nanocrystals (NCs). By the systematic comparison of a set of structural derivatives, the extent of resonance Raman enhancement is shown to be directly related to the molecular symmetry of the bound ligands. The enhancement dependence on molecular symmetry is further discussed in terms of Franck-Condon and Herzberg-Teller contributions and their associated selection rules. We further show that resonance Raman may be used to distinguish between possible surface binding motifs of bidentate ligands under continuous wave excitation. More generally, this work demonstrates the usefulness of resonance Raman as a characterization tool when characterizing adsorbed molecular species on semiconductor NC surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy G Mack
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Juliana Spinelli
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Mark P Andrews
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
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Cotton DE, Roberts ST. Sensitivity of sum frequency generation experimental conditions to thin film interference effects. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:114704. [PMID: 33752341 DOI: 10.1063/5.0039897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sum-frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy has furthered our understanding of the chemical interfaces that guide key processes in biology, catalysis, environmental science, and energy conversion. However, interpreting SFG spectra of systems containing several internal interfaces, such as thin film electronics, electrochemical cells, and biofilms, is challenging as different interfaces within these structures can produce interfering SFG signals. One potential way to address this issue is to carefully select experimental conditions that amplify the SFG signal of an interface of interest over all others. In this report, we investigate a model two-interface system to assess our ability to isolate the SFG signal from each interface. For SFG experiments performed in a reflective geometry, we find that there are few experimental conditions under which the SFG signal originating from either interface can be amplified and isolated from the other. However, by performing several measurements under conditions that alter their interference, we find that we can reconstruct each signal even in cases where the SFG signal from one interface is more than an order of magnitude smaller than its counterpart. The number of spectra needed for this reconstruction varies depending on the signal-to-noise level of the SFG dataset and the degree to which different experiments in a dataset vary in their sensitivity to each interface. Taken together, our work provides general guidelines for designing experimental protocols that can isolate SFG signals stemming from a particular region of interest within complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Cotton
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Sean T Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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Hottechamps J, Noblet T, Erard M, Dreesen L. Quenched or alive quantum dots: The leading roles of ligand adsorption and photoinduced protonation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 594:245-253. [PMID: 33765644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.02.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The fluorescence emission of water-soluble CdTe quantum dots (QDs) capped with mercaptocarboxylic acids (MCAs) is known to be pH-dependent. However, this behaviour is quite different from a study to another, so that literature suffers from a lack of coherence. Here we assume that the QD fluorescence efficiency is actually driven by the acid-base equilibrium of MCA thiol groups, and that light-excited QDs open a non-radiative relaxation path through photoinduced protonation. EXPERIMENTS We address this issue by examining colloidal CdTe QDs with (time-resolved) fluorescence spectroscopy under various conditions of acidity and light excitation. FINDINGS It appears that the emission of QDs is quenched below a critical pH value of 6.87, and that light excitation power strengthens this quenching. We thus demonstrate the existence of an additional photochemical process and developed a mathematical modeling accounting for all our experimental results. With only three parameters, it is possible to accurately predict the fluorescence decay of QDs over time, at any pH. Further, we also related the critical pH value of 6.87 to QD surface properties, explaining why observations may differ from a study to another and making the literature much more coherent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Hottechamps
- GRASP-Biophotonics, CESAM, University of Liege, Institute of Physics, Allée du 6 août 17, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Thomas Noblet
- GRASP-Biophotonics, CESAM, University of Liege, Institute of Physics, Allée du 6 août 17, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Marie Erard
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Physique, UMR 8000, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Laurent Dreesen
- GRASP-Biophotonics, CESAM, University of Liege, Institute of Physics, Allée du 6 août 17, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
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9
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Spatial Dependence of the Dipolar Interaction between Quantum Dots and Organic Molecules Probed by Two-Color Sum-Frequency Generation Spectroscopy. Symmetry (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sym13020294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the tunability of their optical properties over the UV–Visible–Near IR spectral range, ligand-capped quantum dots (QDs) are employed for the design of optical biosensors with low detection threshold. Thanks to non-linear optical spectroscopies, the absorption properties of QDs are indeed used to selectively enhance the local vibrational response of molecules located in their vicinity. Previous studies led to assume the existence of a vibroelectronic QD–molecule coupling based on dipolar interaction. However, no systematic study on the strength of this coupling has been performed to date. In order to address this issue, we use non-linear optical Two-Color Sum-Frequency Generation (2C-SFG) spectroscopy to probe thick QD layers deposited on calcium fluoride (CaF2) prisms previously functionalized by a self-assembled monolayer of phenyltriethoxysilane (PhTES) molecules. Here, 2C-SFG is performed in Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) configuration. By comparing the molecular vibrational enhancement measured for QD–ligand coupling and QD–PhTES coupling, we show that the spatial dependence of the QD–molecule interactions (∼1/r3, with r the QD–molecule distance) is in agreement with the hypothesis of a dipole–dipole interaction.
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10
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A Unified Mathematical Formalism for First to Third Order Dielectric Response of Matter: Application to Surface-Specific Two-Colour Vibrational Optical Spectroscopy. Symmetry (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sym13010153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
To take advantage of the singular properties of matter, as well as to characterize it, we need to interact with it. The role of optical spectroscopies is to enable us to demonstrate the existence of physical objects by observing their response to light excitation. The ability of spectroscopy to reveal the structure and properties of matter then relies on mathematical functions called optical (or dielectric) response functions. Technically, these are tensor Green’s functions, and not scalar functions. The complexity of this tensor formalism sometimes leads to confusion within some articles and books. Here, we do clarify this formalism by introducing the physical foundations of linear and non-linear spectroscopies as simple and rigorous as possible. We dwell on both the mathematical and experimental aspects, examining extinction, infrared, Raman and sum-frequency generation spectroscopies. In this review, we thus give a personal presentation with the aim of offering the reader a coherent vision of linear and non-linear optics, and to remove the ambiguities that we have encountered in reference books and articles.
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11
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Busson B. Doubly resonant SFG and DFG spectroscopies: An analytic model for data analysis including distorted and rotated vibronic levels. II. Applications. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:174702. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0022761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Busson
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Physique, UMR 8000, 91405 Orsay, France
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12
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Mrad R, Poggi M, Ben Chaâbane R, Negrerie M. Role of surface defects in colloidal cadmium selenide (CdSe) nanocrystals in the specificity of fluorescence quenching by metal cations. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 571:368-377. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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13
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Sanderson WM, Hoy J, Morrison C, Wang F, Wang Y, Morrison PJ, Buhro WE, Loomis RA. Excitation Energy Dependence of Photoluminescence Quantum Yields in Semiconductor Nanomaterials with Varying Dimensionalities. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:3249-3256. [PMID: 32255643 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The excitation energy dependence (EED) of the photoluminescence quantum yield (ΦPL) of semiconductor nanoparticles with varying dimensionalities is reported. Specifically, the EEDs of CdSe quantum dots, CdSe quantum platelets, CdSe quantum belts, and CdTe quantum wires were determined via measurements of individual ΦPL values and photoluminescence efficiency (PLEff(E)) spectra. There is a general trend of overall decreasing efficiency for radiative recombination with increasing excitation energy. In addition, there are often local minima in the PLEff(E) spectra that are most often at energies between quantum-confinement transitions. The average PL lifetimes of the samples do not depend on the excitation energy, suggesting that the EED of ΦPL arises from charge carrier trapping that competes efficiently with intraband carrier relaxation to the band edge. The local minima in the PLEff(E) spectra are attributed to excitation into optically coupled states that results in the loss of carriers in the semiconductor. The EED data suggest that the PLEff(E) spectra depend on the sample synthesis, preparation, surface passivation, and environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M Sanderson
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, CB 1134, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Jessica Hoy
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, CB 1134, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Calynn Morrison
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, CB 1134, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Fudong Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, CB 1134, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, CB 1134, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Paul J Morrison
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, CB 1134, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - William E Buhro
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, CB 1134, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Richard A Loomis
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, CB 1134, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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14
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Hottechamps J, Noblet T, Brans A, Humbert C, Dreesen L. How Quantum Dots Aggregation Enhances Förster Resonant Energy Transfer. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:853-862. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Hottechamps
- GRASP-BiophotonicsCESAMUniversity of LiegeInstitute of Physics Allée du 6 août 17 4000 Liège Belgium
| | - Thomas Noblet
- GRASP-BiophotonicsCESAMUniversity of LiegeInstitute of Physics Allée du 6 août 17 4000 Liège Belgium
| | - Alain Brans
- Center for Protein Engineering (CIP)InBioSUniversity of Liege, Quartier Agora Allée du six Août 13, B6a 4000 Liège Belgium
| | - Christophe Humbert
- Université Paris-SaclayCNRSInstitut de Chimie Physique UMR 8000 91405 Orsay France
| | - Laurent Dreesen
- GRASP-BiophotonicsCESAMUniversity of LiegeInstitute of Physics Allée du 6 août 17 4000 Liège Belgium
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15
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Yang TQ, Peng B, Shan BQ, Zong YX, Jiang JG, Wu P, Zhang K. Origin of the Photoluminescence of Metal Nanoclusters: From Metal-Centered Emission to Ligand-Centered Emission. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10020261. [PMID: 32033058 PMCID: PMC7075164 DOI: 10.3390/nano10020261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recently, metal nanoclusters (MNCs) emerged as a new class of luminescent materials and have attracted tremendous interest in the area of luminescence-related applications due to their excellent luminous properties (good photostability, large Stokes shift) and inherent good biocompatibility. However, the origin of photoluminescence (PL) of MNCs is still not fully understood, which has limited their practical application. In this mini-review, focusing on the origin of the photoemission emission of MNCs, we simply review the evolution of luminescent mechanism models of MNCs, from the pure metal-centered quantum confinement mechanics to ligand-centered p band intermediate state (PBIS) model via a transitional ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT or LMMCT) mechanism as a compromise model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Peng Wu
- Correspondence: (P.W.); (K.Z.)
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16
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Dalstein L, Humbert C, Ben Haddada M, Boujday S, Barbillon G, Busson B. The Prevailing Role of Hotspots in Plasmon-Enhanced Sum-Frequency Generation Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:7706-7711. [PMID: 31765159 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The plasmonic amplification of nonlinear vibrational sum frequency spectroscopy (SFG) at the surfaces of gold nanoparticles is systematically investigated by tuning the incident visible wavelength. The SFG spectra of dodecanethiol-coated gold nanoparticles chemically deposited on silicon are recorded for 20 visible wavelengths. The vibrational intensities of thiol methyl stretches extracted from the experimental measurements vary with the visible color of the SFG process and show amplification by coupling to plasmon excitation. Because the enhancement is maximal in the orange-red region rather than in the green, as expected from the dipolar model for surface plasmon resonances, it is attributed mostly to hotspots created in particle multimers, in spite of their low surface densities. A simple model accounting for the longitudinal surface plasmons of multimers allows the recovery of the experimental spectral dispersion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Dalstein
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud , Université Paris-Saclay , Bâtiment 201 P2 , F-91405 Orsay , France
- Institute of Physics , Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529 , Taiwan
| | - Christophe Humbert
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud , Université Paris-Saclay , Bâtiment 201 P2 , F-91405 Orsay , France
| | - Maroua Ben Haddada
- Sorbonne Université , CNRS, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface (LRS) , 4 place Jussieu , F-75005 Paris , France
| | - Souhir Boujday
- Sorbonne Université , CNRS, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface (LRS) , 4 place Jussieu , F-75005 Paris , France
| | - Grégory Barbillon
- EPF-Ecole d'Ingénieurs , 3 bis rue Lakanal , F-92330 Sceaux , France
| | - Bertrand Busson
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud , Université Paris-Saclay , Bâtiment 201 P2 , F-91405 Orsay , France
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17
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P band intermediate state (PBIS) tailors photoluminescence emission at confined nanoscale interface. Commun Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s42004-019-0233-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe availability of a range of excited states has endowed low dimensional quantum nanostructures with interesting luminescence properties. However, the origin of photoluminescence emission is still not fully understood, which has limited its practical application. Here we judiciously manipulate the delicate surface ligand interactions at the nanoscale interface of a single metal nanocluster, the superlattice, and mesoporous materials. The resulting interplay of various noncovalent interactions leads to a precise modulation of emission colors and quantum yield. A new p-band state, resulting from the strong overlapping of p orbitals of the heteroatoms (O, N, and S) bearing on the targeting ligands though space interactions, is identified as a dark state to activate the triplet state of the surface aggregated chromophores. The UV-Visible spectra calculated by time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) are in quantitative agreement with the experimental adsorption spectra. The energy level of the p-band center is very sensitive to the local proximity ligand chromophores at heterogeneous interfaces.
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Watson BR, Doughty B, Calhoun TR. Energetics at the Surface: Direct Optical Mapping of Core and Surface Electronic Structure in CdSe Quantum Dots Using Broadband Electronic Sum Frequency Generation Microspectroscopy. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:6157-6165. [PMID: 31368312 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Understanding and controlling the electronic structure of nanomaterials is the key to tailoring their use in a wide range of practical applications. Despite this need, many important electronic states are invisible to conventional optical measurements and are typically identified indirectly based on their inferred impact on luminescence properties. This is especially common and important in the study of nanomaterial surfaces and their associated defects. Surface trap states play a crucial role in photophysical processes yet remain remarkably poorly understood. Here we demonstrate for the first time that broadband electronic sum frequency generation (eSFG) microspectroscopy can directly map the optically bright and dark states of nanoparticles, including the elusive below gap states. This new approach is applied to model cadmium selenide (CdSe) quantum dots (QDs), where the energies of surface trap states have eluded direct optical characterization for decades. Our eSFG measurements show clear signatures of electronic transitions both above the band gap, which we assign to previously reported one- and two-photon transitions associated with the CdSe core, as well as broad spectral signatures below the band gap that are attributed to surface states. In addition to the core states, this analysis reveals two distinct distributions of below gap states, providing the first direct optical measurement of both shallow and deep surface states on this system. Finally, chemical modification of the surfaces via oxidation results in the relative increase in the signals originating from the surface states. Overall, our eSFG experiments provide an avenue to directly map the entirety of the QD core and surface electronic structure, which is expected to open up opportunities to study how these materials are grown in situ and how surface states can be controlled to tune functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna R Watson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Tennessee , Knoxville , Tennessee 37996 , United States
| | - Benjamin Doughty
- Chemical Sciences Division , Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge , Tennessee 37831 , United States
| | - Tessa R Calhoun
- Department of Chemistry , University of Tennessee , Knoxville , Tennessee 37996 , United States
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Leger JD, Friedfeld MR, Beck RA, Gaynor JD, Petrone A, Li X, Cossairt BM, Khalil M. Carboxylate Anchors Act as Exciton Reporters in 1.3 nm Indium Phosphide Nanoclusters. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:1833-1839. [PMID: 30925052 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Developing interfacial probes of ligand-nanocluster interactions is crucial for understanding and tailoring the optoelectronic properties of these emerging nanomaterials. Using transient IR spectroscopy, we demonstrate that ligand vibrational modes of oleate-capped 1.3 nm InP nanoclusters report on the photogenerated exciton. The exciton induces an intensity change in the asymmetric carboxylate stretching mode by 57% while generating no appreciable shift in frequency. Thus, the observed difference signal is attributed to an exciton-induced change in the dipole magnitude of the asymmetric carboxylate stretching mode. Additionally, the transient IR data reveal that the infrared dipole change is dependent on the geometry of the ligand bound to the nanocluster. The experimental results are interpreted using TDDFT calculations, which identify how the spatial dependence of an exciton-induced electron density shift affects the vibrational motion of the carboxylate anchors. More broadly, this work demonstrates transient IR spectroscopy as a useful method for characterizing ligand-nanocluster coupling interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel D Leger
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Max R Friedfeld
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Ryan A Beck
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - James D Gaynor
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Alessio Petrone
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Brandi M Cossairt
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Munira Khalil
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
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Raab M, Becca JC, Heo J, Lim CK, Baev A, Jensen L, Prasad PN, Velarde L. Doubly resonant sum frequency spectroscopy of mixed photochromic isomers on surfaces reveals conformation-specific vibronic effects. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:114704. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5081726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Micah Raab
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, USA
- The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
| | - Jeffrey C. Becca
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, 104 Chemistry Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Jeongyun Heo
- The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
| | - Chang-Keun Lim
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, USA
- The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
| | - Alexander Baev
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, USA
- The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
| | - Lasse Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, 104 Chemistry Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Paras N. Prasad
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, USA
- The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
| | - Luis Velarde
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, USA
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Humbert C, Noblet T, Dalstein L, Busson B, Barbillon G. Sum-Frequency Generation Spectroscopy of Plasmonic Nanomaterials: A Review. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12050836. [PMID: 30871058 PMCID: PMC6427399 DOI: 10.3390/ma12050836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We report on the recent scientific research contribution of non-linear optics based on Sum-Frequency Generation (SFG) spectroscopy as a surface probe of the plasmonic properties of materials. In this review, we present a general introduction to the fundamentals of SFG spectroscopy, a well-established optical surface probe used in various domains of physical chemistry, when applied to plasmonic materials. The interest of using SFG spectroscopy as a complementary tool to surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy in order to probe the surface chemistry of metallic nanoparticles is illustrated by taking advantage of the optical amplification induced by the coupling to the localized surface plasmon resonance. A short review of the first developments of SFG applications in nanomaterials is presented to span the previous emergent literature on the subject. Afterwards, the emphasis is put on the recent developments and applications of the technique over the five last years in order to illustrate that SFG spectroscopy coupled to plasmonic nanomaterials is now mature enough to be considered a promising research field of non-linear plasmonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Humbert
- Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, CNRS, Batiment 201 P2, 91405 Orsay, France.
| | - Thomas Noblet
- Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, CNRS, Batiment 201 P2, 91405 Orsay, France.
| | - Laetitia Dalstein
- Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, CNRS, Batiment 201 P2, 91405 Orsay, France.
| | - Bertrand Busson
- Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, CNRS, Batiment 201 P2, 91405 Orsay, France.
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