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Daliran S, Oveisi AR, Dhakshinamoorthy A, Garcia H. Probing Defects in Covalent Organic Frameworks. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:50096-50114. [PMID: 39283167 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c12069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Defects in covalent organic frameworks (COFs) play a pivotal role in determining their properties and performance, significantly influencing interactions with adsorbates, guest molecules, and substrates as well as affecting charge carrier dynamics and light absorption characteristics. The present review focuses on the diverse array of techniques employed for characterizing and quantifying defects in COFs, addressing a critical need in the field of materials science. As will be discussed in this review, there are basically two types of defects referring either to missing organic moieties leaving free binding groups in the material or structural imperfections resulting in lower crystallinity, grain boundary defects, and incomplete stacking. The review summarizes an in-depth analysis of state-of-the-art characterization techniques, elucidating their specific strengths and limitations for each defect type. Key techniques examined in this review include powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), scanning tunneling microscope (STM), high resolution transmission electron microcoe (HRTEM), gas adsorption, acid-base titration, advanced electron microscopy methods, and computational calculations. We critically assess the capability of each technique to provide qualitative and quantitative information about COF defects, offering insights into their complementary nature and potential for synergistic use. The last section summarizes the main concepts of the review and provides perspectives for future development to overcome the existing challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Daliran
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lorestan University, Khorramabad 68151-44316, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Oveisi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zabol, P.O. Box: 98615-538, Zabol, 98613-35856, Iran
| | - Amarajothi Dhakshinamoorthy
- Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, C/Camino de Vera, s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
- School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625 021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hermenegildo Garcia
- Instituto de Universitario de Tecnología Química (CSIC-UPV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Av. de los Naranjos, 46022, Valencia, Spain
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2
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Amin K, Mehmood W, Zhang J, Ahmed S, Mao L, Li CF, Zhang BB, Wei Z. Optimizing the Structure and Electrochemical Properties of Benzoquinone-Embedded COF via Heat Treatment for a High-Energy Organic Cathode. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:48771-48781. [PMID: 37968096 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
A benzoquinone-embedded aza-fused covalent organic framework (BQ COF) with the maximum loading of redox-active units per molecule was employed as a cathode for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) to achieve high energy and power densities. The synthesis was optimized to obtain high crystallinity and improved electrochemical performance. Synthesis at moderate temperature followed by a solid-state reaction was found to be particularly useful for achieving good crystallinity and the activation of the COF. When used as a cathode for LIBs, very high discharge capacities of 513, 365, and 234 mAh g-1 were obtained at 0.1C, 1C, and 10C, respectively, showing a remarkable rate performance. More than 70% of the initial capacity was retained after 1000 cycles when the cathode was investigated for cyclic performance at 2.5C. We demonstrated that a straightforward heat treatment led to enhanced crystallinity, an optimized structure, and favorable morphology, resulting in enhanced electrode kinetics and an improved overall electrochemical behavior. A comparative study was conducted involving an aza-fused COF lacking carbonyl groups (TAB COF) and a small molecule containing phenazine and carbonyl (3BQ), providing useful insights into new material design. A full cell was assembled with graphite as the anode to assess the commercial feasibility of BQ COF, and a discharge capacity of 240 mAh g-1 was obtained at 0.5C. Furthermore, a pouch-type cell with a high discharge capacity and an excellent rate performance was assembled, demonstrating the practical applicability of our designed cathode. Considering the entire mass of the working electrode, a specific energy density of 492 Wh kg-1 and a power density of 492 W kg-1 were achieved at the high current density of 1C, which are comparable to those of commercially available cathodes. These results highlight the promise of organic electrode materials for next-generation lithium-ion batteries. Furthermore, this study provides a systematic approach for simultaneously designing organic materials with high power and energy densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Amin
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystems and Hierarchical Fabrication, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Warisha Mehmood
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystems and Hierarchical Fabrication, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystems and Hierarchical Fabrication, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Sadia Ahmed
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Mao
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystems and Hierarchical Fabrication, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Chuan-Fu Li
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystems and Hierarchical Fabrication, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Bin Bin Zhang
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystems and Hierarchical Fabrication, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystems and Hierarchical Fabrication, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
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Zhao W, Zhu Q, Wu X, Zhao D. The development of catalysts and auxiliaries for the synthesis of covalent organic frameworks. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:7531-7565. [PMID: 38895859 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00908d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have recently seen significant advancements. Large quantities of structurally & functionally oriented COFs with a wide range of applications, such as gas adsorption, catalysis, separation, and drug delivery, have been explored. Recent achievements in this field are primarily focused on advancing synthetic methodologies, with catalysts playing a crucial role in achieving highly crystalline COF materials, particularly those featuring novel linkages and chemistry. A series of reviews have already been published over the last decade, covering the fundamentals, synthesis, and applications of COFs. However, despite the pivotal role that catalysts and auxiliaries play in forming COF materials and adjusting their properties (e.g., crystallinity, porosity, stability, and morphology), limited attention has been devoted to these essential components. In this Critical Review, we mainly focus on the state-of-the-art progress of catalysts and auxiliaries applied to the synthesis of COFs. The catalysts include four categories: acid catalysts, base catalysts, transition-metal catalysts, and other catalysts. The auxiliaries, such as modulators, oxygen, and surfactants, are discussed as well. This is then followed by the description of several specific applications derived from the utilization of catalysts and auxiliaries. Lastly, a perspective on the major challenges and opportunities associated with catalysts and auxiliaries is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design, Materials Innovation Factory and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Xiaofeng Wu
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design, Materials Innovation Factory and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
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4
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Wang Y, Gong WW, Zhao Y, Xing GY, Kang LX, Sha F, Huang ZY, Liu JW, Han YJ, Li P, Li DY, Liu PN. Two-Dimensional Nonbenzenoid Heteroacene Crystals Synthesized via In-Situ Embedding of Ladder Bipyrazinylenes on Au(111). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318142. [PMID: 38265124 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Precisely introducing topological defects is an important strategy in nanographene crystal engineering because defects can tune π-electronic structures and control molecular assemblies. The synergistic control of the synthesis and assembly of nanographenes by embedding the topological defects to afford two-dimensional (2D) crystals on surfaces is still a great challenge. By in-situ embedding ladder bipyrazinylene (LBPy) into acene, the narrowest nanographene with zigzag edges, we have achieved the precise preparation of 2D nonbenzenoid heteroacene crystals on Au(111). Through intramolecular electrocyclization of o-diisocyanides and Au adatom-directed [2+2] cycloaddition, the nonbenzenoid heteroacene products are produced with high chemoselectivity, and lead to the molecular 2D assembly via LBPy-derived interlocking hydrogen bonds. Using bond-resolved scanning tunneling microscopy, we determined the atomic structures of the nonbenzenoid heteroacene product and diverse organometallic intermediates. The tunneling spectroscopy measurements revealed the electronic structure of the nonbenzenoid heteroacene, which is supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The observed distinct organometallic intermediates during progression annealing combined with DFT calculations demonstrated that LBPy formation proceeds via electrocyclization of o-diisocyanides, trapping of heteroarynes by Au adatoms, and stepwise elimination of Au adatoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Wen Gong
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Guang-Yan Xing
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Li-Xia Kang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Feng Sha
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Yang Huang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Jie Han
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Peng Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Deng-Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, P. R. China
| | - Pei-Nian Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, P. R. China
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Liu Y, Liu X, Su A, Gong C, Chen S, Xia L, Zhang C, Tao X, Li Y, Li Y, Sun T, Bu M, Shao W, Zhao J, Li X, Peng Y, Guo P, Han Y, Zhu Y. Revolutionizing the structural design and determination of covalent-organic frameworks: principles, methods, and techniques. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:502-544. [PMID: 38099340 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00287j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) represent an important class of crystalline porous materials with designable structures and functions. The interconnected organic monomers, featuring pre-designed symmetries and connectivities, dictate the structures of COFs, endowing them with high thermal and chemical stability, large surface area, and tunable micropores. Furthermore, by utilizing pre-functionalization or post-synthetic functionalization strategies, COFs can acquire multifunctionalities, leading to their versatile applications in gas separation/storage, catalysis, and optoelectronic devices. Our review provides a comprehensive account of the latest advancements in the principles, methods, and techniques for structural design and determination of COFs. These cutting-edge approaches enable the rational design and precise elucidation of COF structures, addressing fundamental physicochemical challenges associated with host-guest interactions, topological transformations, network interpenetration, and defect-mediated catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikuan Liu
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Institute for Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiaona Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Lower-Carbon Catalysis Technology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - An Su
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Institute for Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Chengtao Gong
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Institute for Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Shenwei Chen
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Institute for Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Liwei Xia
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Institute for Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Chengwei Zhang
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Institute for Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiaohuan Tao
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Institute for Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yue Li
- Institute of Intelligent Computing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yonghe Li
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Institute for Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Tulai Sun
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Institute for Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Mengru Bu
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Institute for Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Wei Shao
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Institute for Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jia Zhao
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Institute for Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiaonian Li
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Institute for Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yongwu Peng
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Institute for Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Peng Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of Lower-Carbon Catalysis Technology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yu Han
- School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Yihan Zhu
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Institute for Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China.
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Zhu L, Zhang Q, Meng F, Li M, Liang Q, Zhang F. Narrow-Pore Engineering of Vinylene-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks with Weak Interaction-Triggered Multiple Responses. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309125. [PMID: 37646743 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Vinylene-linked covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are emerging as promising crystalline materials, but their narrow pore engineering is severely impeded by the weak reversibility of the carbon-carbon double bond formation reaction, which has led to less exploration of their ultramicroporous structures and properties. Herein, we developed a single aromatic ring-based tetratopic monomer, tetramethylpyrazine, which undergoes a smooth Knoevenegal condensation at its four arylmethly carbon atoms with linear aromatic dialdehyde monomers upon the self-catalyzed activation of pyridine nitrogen-containing monomers in the presence of an organic anhydride. This has resulted in the formation of two vinylene-linked COFs, which both crystallized in orthorhombic lattices, and layered in AA stacking fashions along the vertical directions. They exhibit high surface areas and well-tailored ultramicropore sizes up to 0.5 nm. The unique cross-linking mode at two pairs of para-positions of each pyrazine unit through carbon-carbon double bonds afford them with π-extended conjugation over the in-plane backbones and substantial semiconducting characters. The resultant COFs can be well-dispersed in water to form stable sub-microparticles with negative charges (zeta potentials: ca. -30 mV), and exhibiting tunable aggregation behaviors through protonation/deprotonation. As a consequence, they exhibit pore-size-dependent colorimetric responses to various anions with different pKa values in high selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Department of Physics, Shaoxing University, 508 Huanchengxi Road, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Fancheng Meng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Mengqi Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Qifeng Liang
- Department of Physics, Shaoxing University, 508 Huanchengxi Road, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
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Wang Z, Zhang Y, Lin E, Geng S, Wang M, Liu J, Chen Y, Cheng P, Zhang Z. Kilogram-Scale Fabrication of a Robust Olefin-Linked Covalent Organic Framework for Separating Ethylene from a Ternary C 2 Hydrocarbon Mixture. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:21483-21490. [PMID: 37736678 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
One-step adsorptive purification of ethylene (C2H4) from a ternary mixture of acetylene (C2H2), C2H4, and ethane (C2H6) by a single material is of great importance but challenging in the petrochemical industry. Herein, a chemically robust olefin-linked covalent organic framework (COF), NKCOF-62, is designed and synthesized by a melt polymerization method employing tetramethylpyrazine and terephthalaldehyde as cheap monomers. This method avoids most of the disadvantages of classical solvothermal methods, which enable the cost-effective kilogram fabrication of olefin-linked COFs in one pot. Furthermore, NKCOF-62 shows remarkably selective adsorption of C2H2 and C2H6 over C2H4 thanks to its unique pore environments and suitable pore size. Breakthrough experiments demonstrate that polymer-grade C2H4 can be directly obtained from C2H2/C2H6/C2H4 (1/1/1) ternary mixtures through a single separation process. Notably, NKCOF-62 is the first demonstration of the potential to use COFs for C2H2/C2H6/C2H4 separation, which provides a blueprint for the design and construction of robust COFs for industrial gas separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Wang
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yushu Zhang
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - En Lin
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shubo Geng
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Mengjin Wang
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jinjin Liu
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yao Chen
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhenjie Zhang
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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8
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Moreira Da Silva C, Vallet M, Semion C, Blin T, Saint-Martin R, Leroy J, Dragoé D, Brisset F, Gillet C, Guillot R, Huc V. A simple and efficient process for the synthesis of 2D carbon nitrides and related materials. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15423. [PMID: 37723176 PMCID: PMC10507022 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39899-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe here a new process for the synthesis of very high quality 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs), such a C2N and CN carbon nitrides. This process relies on the use of a metallic surface as both a reagent and a support for the coupling of small halogenated building blocks. The conditions of the assembly reaction are chosen so as to leave the inorganic salts by-products on the surface, to further confine the assembly reaction on the surface and increase the quality of the 2D layers. We found that under these conditions, the process directly returns few layers material. The structure/quality of these materials is demonstrated by extensive cross-characterizations at different scales, combining optical microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)/Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). The availability of such very large, high-quality layers of these materials opens interesting perspectives, for example in photochemistry and electronics (intrinsic transport properties, high gap substrate for graphene, etc...).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cora Moreira Da Silva
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Maxime Vallet
- École Centrale Sup'Élec, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Clément Semion
- ONERA, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Étude des Microstructures, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtillon, 92322, France
| | - Thomas Blin
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Romuald Saint-Martin
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Jocelyne Leroy
- CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, LICSEN, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Diana Dragoé
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - François Brisset
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Cynthia Gillet
- CNRS-Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Régis Guillot
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Vincent Huc
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France.
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9
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Debruyne M, Borgmans S, Radhakrishnan S, Breynaert E, Vrielinck H, Leus K, Laemont A, De Vos J, Rawat KS, Vanlommel S, Rijckaert H, Salemi H, Everaert J, Vanden Bussche F, Poelman D, Morent R, De Geyter N, Van Der Voort P, Van Speybroeck V, Stevens CV. Engineering of Phenylpyridine- and Bipyridine-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks for Photocatalytic Tandem Aerobic Oxidation/Povarov Cyclization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:35092-35106. [PMID: 37462114 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are emerging as a new class of photoactive organic semiconductors, which possess crystalline ordered structures and high surface areas. COFs can be tailor-made toward specific (photocatalytic) applications, and the size and position of their band gaps can be tuned by the choice of building blocks and linkages. However, many types of building blocks are still unexplored as photocatalytic moieties and the scope of reactions photocatalyzed by COFs remains quite limited. In this work, we report the synthesis and application of two bipyridine- or phenylpyridine-based COFs: TpBpyCOF and TpPpyCOF. Due to their good photocatalytic properties, both materials were applied as metal-free photocatalysts for the tandem aerobic oxidation/Povarov cyclization and α-oxidation of N-aryl glycine derivatives, with the bipyridine-based TpBpyCOF exhibiting the highest activity. By expanding the range of reactions that can be photocatalyzed by COFs, this work paves the way toward the more widespread application of COFs as metal-free heterogeneous photocatalysts as a convenient alternative for commonly used homogeneous (metal-based) photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Debruyne
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Sander Borgmans
- Department of Applied Physics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 46, Zwijnaarde 9052, Belgium
| | - Sambhu Radhakrishnan
- NMR/X-ray Platform for Convergence Research (NMRCoRe) & Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis: Characterisation and Application Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200f─Box 2461, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Eric Breynaert
- NMR/X-ray Platform for Convergence Research (NMRCoRe) & Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis: Characterisation and Application Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200f─Box 2461, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Henk Vrielinck
- Department of Solid State Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S1), Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Karen Leus
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 (B4), Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Andreas Laemont
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S3), Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Juul De Vos
- Department of Applied Physics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 46, Zwijnaarde 9052, Belgium
| | - Kuber Singh Rawat
- Department of Applied Physics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 46, Zwijnaarde 9052, Belgium
| | - Siebe Vanlommel
- Department of Applied Physics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 46, Zwijnaarde 9052, Belgium
| | - Hannes Rijckaert
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S3), Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Hadi Salemi
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Jonas Everaert
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Flore Vanden Bussche
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent 9000, Belgium
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S3), Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Dirk Poelman
- Department of Solid State Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S1), Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Rino Morent
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 (B4), Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Nathalie De Geyter
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 (B4), Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Pascal Van Der Voort
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S3), Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | | | - Christian V Stevens
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent 9000, Belgium
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10
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Luna Zempoalteca A, Hernández de la Luz JÁD, Luna Flores A, Luna López JA, Benítez Lara A. MnPc Films Deposited by Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis at Low Temperatures: Optical, Morphological and Structural Properties. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4357. [PMID: 37374540 DOI: 10.3390/ma16124357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report how manganese phthalocyanine (MnPc) films obtained using the ultrasonic spray-pyrolysis technique at 40 °C deposited on glass substrate subjected to thermal annealing at 100 °C and 120 °C. The MnPc films were characterized using UV/Vis spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The absorption spectra of the MnPc films were studied in a wavelength range from 200 to 850 nm, where the characteristic bands of a metallic phthalocyanine known as B and Q bands were observed in this range of the spectrum. The optical energy band (Eg) was calculated using the Tauc equation. It was found that, for these MnPc films, the Eg has the values of 4.41, 4.46, and 3.58 eV corresponded to when they were deposited, annealing at 100 °C and 120 °C, respectively. The Raman spectra of the films showed the characteristic vibrational modes of the MnPc films. In the X-Ray diffractograms of these films, the characteristic diffraction peaks of a metallic phthalocyanine are observed, presenting a monoclinic phase. The SEM images of these films were studied in a cross-section obtaining thicknesses of 2 μm for the deposited film and 1.2 μm and 0.3 μm for the annealed films at 100 °C and 120 °C. Additionally, in the SEM images of these films, average particle sizes ranging from 4 to 0.041 µm were obtained. The results agree with those reported in the literature for MnPc films deposited by performing other techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anayantzi Luna Zempoalteca
- Centro de Investigaciones en Dispositivos Semiconductores, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Prolongación 14 Sur, Colonia Jardines de San Manuel, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - José Álvaro David Hernández de la Luz
- Centro de Investigaciones en Dispositivos Semiconductores, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Prolongación 14 Sur, Colonia Jardines de San Manuel, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - Adan Luna Flores
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Avenida San Claudio y 18 Sur, Colonia Jardines de San Manuel, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - José Alberto Luna López
- Centro de Investigaciones en Dispositivos Semiconductores, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Prolongación 14 Sur, Colonia Jardines de San Manuel, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Benítez Lara
- CONACYT-Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica, A.C, Loma del Bosque 115, Colonia Lomas del Campestre, León, Guanajuato 37150, Mexico
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11
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Cai X, Chen J, Wang H, Ni Y, Chen Y, King RB. C 3N 2: the missing part of highly stable porous graphitic carbon nitride semiconductors. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2023; 8:662-673. [PMID: 36912249 DOI: 10.1039/d2nh00440b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) porous graphitic carbon nitrides (PGCNs) with semiconducting features have attracted wide attention because of built-in pores with various active sites, large surface area, and high physicochemical stability. However, only a few PGCNs have been synthesized, covering a 1.23-3.18 eV band gap. We systematically investigate two new 2D PGCN monolayers, T-C3N2 and H-C3N2, including possible pathways for their experimental synthesis. Based on first-principles calculations, the mechanical, electronic, and optical properties of T-C3N2 and H-C3N2 have been systematically investigated. These two architectural frameworks exhibit contrasting mechanical characteristics owing to their structural differences. Both T-C3N2 and H-C3N2 monolayers are predicted to be intrinsic semiconductors. Exceptionally, the stacking bilayers of T-C3N2 can transform into a rare 2D nodal-line semimetal structure. The narrow bandgap (0.35 eV) of the T-C3N2 monolayer and its extraordinary transformation in the bilayer electronic structure fill the vacancy of PGCNs as electronic devices in the middle/long wave infrared region. C3N2 structures possess ultrahigh anisotropic carrier mobilities (×104 cm2 V-1 s-1) and exceptional absorption coefficients (×105 cm-1) in the near-infrared and visible light regions, suggesting its possible optoelectronic applications. The findings expand the scope of 2D PGCNs and offer guides for their experimental realization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyong Cai
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Jiao Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Hongyan Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Yuxiang Ni
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Yuanzheng Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - R Bruce King
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Computational Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
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12
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Yau AM, Khaligh A, Tuncel D. Triazine/thiophene‐based microporous organic polymer for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arma Musa Yau
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM) Bilkent University Ankara Turkey
| | - Aisan Khaligh
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM) Bilkent University Ankara Turkey
- Department of Chemistry Bilkent University Ankara Turkey
| | - Dönüs Tuncel
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM) Bilkent University Ankara Turkey
- Department of Chemistry Bilkent University Ankara Turkey
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13
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A critical review of covalent organic frameworks-based sorbents in extraction methods. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1224:340207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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14
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Im YK, Lee DG, Noh HJ, Yu SY, Mahmood J, Lee SY, Baek JB. Crystalline Porphyrazine-Linked Fused Aromatic Networks with High Proton Conductivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203250. [PMID: 35445524 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Fused aromatic networks (FANs) have been studied in efforts to overcome the low physicochemical stability of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs), while preserving crystallinity. Herein, we describe the synthesis of a highly stable and crystalline FAN (denoted as Pz-FAN) using pyrazine-based building blocks to form porphyrazine (Pz) linkages via an irreversible reaction. Unlike most COFs and FANs, which are synthesized from two different building blocks, the new Pz-FAN is formed using a single building block by self-cyclotetramerization. Controlled and optimized reaction conditions result in a highly crystalline Pz-FAN with physicochemical stability. The newly prepared Pz-FAN displayed a high magnitude (1.16×10-2 S cm-1 ) of proton conductivity compared to other reported FANs and polymers. Finally, the Pz-FAN-based membrane was evaluated for a proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), which showed maximum power and current densities of 192 mW cm-2 and 481 mA cm-2 , respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Kwang Im
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Dong-Gue Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Hyuk-Jun Noh
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Soo-Young Yu
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Javeed Mahmood
- Advanced Membranes & Porous Materials (AMPM) Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sang-Young Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Jong-Beom Baek
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
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15
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Im Y, Lee D, Noh H, Yu S, Mahmood J, Lee S, Baek J. Crystalline Porphyrazine‐Linked Fused Aromatic Networks with High Proton Conductivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoon‐Kwang Im
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST Ulsan 44919 South Korea
| | - Dong‐Gue Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Yonsei University 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu Seoul 03722 South Korea
| | - Hyuk‐Jun Noh
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST Ulsan 44919 South Korea
| | - Soo‐Young Yu
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST Ulsan 44919 South Korea
| | - Javeed Mahmood
- Advanced Membranes & Porous Materials (AMPM) Center Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Sang‐Young Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Yonsei University 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu Seoul 03722 South Korea
| | - Jong‐Beom Baek
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST Ulsan 44919 South Korea
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16
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Riaño A, Strutyński K, Liu M, Stoppiello CT, Lerma‐Berlanga B, Saeki A, Martí‐Gastaldo C, Khlobystov AN, Valenti G, Paolucci F, Melle‐Franco M, Mateo‐Alonso A. An Expanded 2D Fused Aromatic Network with 90‐Ring Hexagons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202113657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Riaño
- POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Avenida de Tolosa 72 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
| | - Karol Strutyński
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Meng Liu
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician” Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Craig T. Stoppiello
- School of Chemistry University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham UK
- Nanoscale and Microscale Research Centre University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham UK
| | - Belén Lerma‐Berlanga
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol) Universitat de València Paterna 46980 València Spain
| | - Akinori Saeki
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Carlos Martí‐Gastaldo
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol) Universitat de València Paterna 46980 València Spain
| | | | - Giovanni Valenti
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician” Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Francesco Paolucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician” Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Manuel Melle‐Franco
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Aurelio Mateo‐Alonso
- POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Avenida de Tolosa 72 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
- Ikerbasque Basque Foundation for Science 48009 Bilbao Spain
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17
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Riaño A, Strutyński K, Liu M, Stoppiello CT, Lerma‐Berlanga B, Saeki A, Martí‐Gastaldo C, Khlobystov AN, Valenti G, Paolucci F, Melle‐Franco M, Mateo‐Alonso A. An Expanded 2D Fused Aromatic Network with 90-Ring Hexagons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202113657. [PMID: 34748268 PMCID: PMC9300145 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202113657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional fused aromatic networks (2D FANs) have emerged as a highly versatile alternative to holey graphene. The synthesis of 2D FANs with increasingly larger lattice dimensions will enable new application perspectives. However, the synthesis of larger analogues is mostly limited by lack of appropriate monomers and methods. Herein, we describe the synthesis, characterisation and properties of an expanded 2D FAN with 90-ring hexagons, which exceed the largest 2D FAN lattices reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Riaño
- POLYMATUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHUAvenida de Tolosa 7220018Donostia-San SebastiánSpain
| | - Karol Strutyński
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Aveiro3810-193AveiroPortugal
| | - Meng Liu
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”Via Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
| | - Craig T. Stoppiello
- School of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamUK
- Nanoscale and Microscale Research CentreUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamUK
| | - Belén Lerma‐Berlanga
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol)Universitat de ValènciaPaterna46980ValènciaSpain
| | - Akinori Saeki
- Department of Applied ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringOsaka UniversitySuitaOsaka565-0871Japan
| | - Carlos Martí‐Gastaldo
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol)Universitat de ValènciaPaterna46980ValènciaSpain
| | | | - Giovanni Valenti
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”Via Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
| | | | - Manuel Melle‐Franco
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Aveiro3810-193AveiroPortugal
| | - Aurelio Mateo‐Alonso
- POLYMATUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHUAvenida de Tolosa 7220018Donostia-San SebastiánSpain
- IkerbasqueBasque Foundation for Science48009BilbaoSpain
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18
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Zhao Y, Xu X, Xu C, Meng D, Liang X, Qiu J. Amino-based covalent organic frameworks for a wide range of functional modification. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01776h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A versatile protocol for modification of amino-based COFs with desired functionalities was developed via transforming the unreachable amino groups into imine, thiourea, amide and azo-based functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Xianhui Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Chang Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Deyuan Meng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqian Liang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Jikuan Qiu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
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19
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State of the art two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks: Prospects from rational design and reactions to applications for advanced energy storage technologies. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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20
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Han JH, Cui YY, Yang CX. Tailored amino/hydroxyl bifunctional microporous organic network for efficient stir bar sorptive extraction of parabens and flavors from cosmetic and food samples. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1655:462521. [PMID: 34509692 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
As an effective sample pretreatment approach, stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) has shown great prospects in static microextraction and selective enrichment. In this work, bifunctional microporous organic network (B-MON) with the coexistence of amino and hydroxyl groups was firstly designed and synthesized as a novel coating for efficient SBSE of parabens and flavors in combination with high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detection (HPLC-PDA). Linked by covalent bonds to form an extension of the aromatic ring skeleton, B-MON was a tailored adsorbent featured by porous structure and abundant hydrogen bonding sites for analytes with benzene/naphthalene rings and OH/COOH groups. The extraction and desorption parameters were evaluated in detail. Under the optimized conditions, the proposed B-MON-SBSE-HPLC-PDA method offered good linearity (0.10-100 μg L-1) with correlation coefficients R2 ≥ 0.995, low limits of detection (0.010-0.035 μg L-1) and limits of quantification (0.035-0.115 μg L-1), and favorable enrichment factors (40-49). Furthermore, the developed method has been applied to the analysis of parabens and flavors in cosmetic and food samples with recoveries ranging from 80.4 to 109.6%. This method was also feasible to extract the analytes with benzene/naphthalene rings and OH/COOH groups, such as the plant growth regulators and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The present study provided a new way to synthesize bifunctional MONs for SBSE of trace analytes in complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hua Han
- College of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Cui
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an 271016, China
| | - Cheng-Xiong Yang
- College of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an 271016, China.
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21
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Recent Advances in Covalent Organic Frameworks for Heavy Metal Removal Applications. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14113197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks comprise a unique class of functional materials that has recently emerged as a versatile tool for energy-related, photocatalytic, environmental, and electrochromic device applications. A plethora of structures can be designed and implemented through a careful selection of ligands and functional units. On the other hand, porous materials for heavy metal absorption are constantly on the forefront of materials science due to the significant health issues that arise from the release of the latter to aquatic environments. In this critical review, we provide insights on the correlation between the structure of functional covalent organic frameworks and their heavy metal absorption. The elements we selected were Pb, Hg, Cr, Cd, and As metal ions, as well as radioactive elements, and we focused on their removal with functional networks. Finally, we outline their advantages and disadvantages compared to other competitive systems such as zeolites and metal organic frameworks (MOFs), we analyze the potential drawbacks for industrial scale applications, and we provide our outlook on the future of this emerging field.
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Mahmood J, Lee EK, Noh HJ, Ahmad I, Seo JM, Im YK, Jeon JP, Kim SJ, Oh JH, Baek JB. Fused Aromatic Network with Exceptionally High Carrier Mobility. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2004707. [PMID: 33470474 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently, studies of 2D organic layered materials with unique electronic properties have generated considerable interest in the research community. However, the development of organic materials with functional electrical transport properties is still needed. Here, a 2D fused aromatic network (FAN) structure with a C5 N basal plane stoichiometry is designed and synthesized, and thin films are cast from C5 N solution onto silicon dioxide substrates. Then field-effect transistors are fabricated using C5 N thin flakes as the active layer in a bottom-gate top-contact configuration to characterize their electrical properties. The C5 N thin flakes, isolated by polydimethylsiloxane stamping, exhibit ambipolar charge transport and extraordinarily high electron (996 cm2 V-1 s-1 ) and hole (501 cm2 V-1 s-1 ) mobilities, surpassing the performance of most pristine organic materials without doping. These results demonstrate their vast potential for applications in thin-film optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javeed Mahmood
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Eun Kwang Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Hyuk-Jun Noh
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Ishfaq Ahmad
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Min Seo
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Kwang Im
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Jong-Pil Jeon
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Seok-Jin Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Joon Hak Oh
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jong-Beom Baek
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
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Senthilkumaran M, Muthu Mareeswaran P. Porous polymers-based adsorbent materials for CO2 capture. NANOMATERIALS FOR CO2 CAPTURE, STORAGE, CONVERSION AND UTILIZATION 2021:31-52. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822894-4.00010-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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