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Sparling C, Ruget A, Ireland L, Kotsina N, Ghafur O, Leach J, Townsend D. The importance of molecular axis alignment and symmetry-breaking in photoelectron elliptical dichroism. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:214301. [PMID: 38038198 DOI: 10.1063/5.0180361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoelectron angular distributions (PADs) produced from the photoionization of chiral molecules using elliptically polarized light exhibit a forward/backward asymmetry with respect to the optical propagation direction. By recording these distributions using the velocity-map imaging (VMI) technique, the resulting photoelectron elliptical dichroism (PEELD) has previously been demonstrated as a promising spectroscopic tool for studying chiral molecules in the gas phase. The use of elliptically polarized laser pulses, however, produces PADs (and consequently, PEELD distributions) that do not exhibit cylindrical symmetry about the propagation axis. This leads to significant limitations and challenges when employing conventional VMI acquisition and data processing strategies. Using novel photoelectron image analysis methods based around Hankel transform reconstruction tomography and machine learning, however, we have quantified-for the first time-significant symmetry-breaking contributions to PEELD signals that are of a comparable magnitude to the symmetric terms in the multiphoton ionization of (1R,4R)-(+)- and (1S,4S)-(-)-camphor. This contradicts any assumptions that symmetry-breaking can be ignored when reconstructing VMI data. Furthermore, these same symmetry-breaking terms are expected to appear in any experiment where circular and linear laser fields are used together. This ionization scheme is particularly relevant for investigating dynamics in chiral molecules, but it is not limited to them. Developing a full understanding of these terms and the role they play in the photoionization of chiral molecules is of clear importance if the potential of PEELD and related effects for future practical applications is to be fully realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Sparling
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Ruget
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Lewis Ireland
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Nikoleta Kotsina
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Omair Ghafur
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Leach
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Dave Townsend
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
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3
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Weakly RB, Liekhus-Schmaltz CE, Poulter BI, Biasin E, Alonso-Mori R, Aquila A, Boutet S, Fuller FD, Ho PJ, Kroll T, Loe CM, Lutman A, Zhu D, Bergmann U, Schoenlein RW, Govind N, Khalil M. Revealing core-valence interactions in solution with femtosecond X-ray pump X-ray probe spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3384. [PMID: 37291130 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39165-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy using ultrafast optical and infrared pulses has become an essential tool to discover and understand complex electronic and structural dynamics in solvated molecular, biological, and material systems. Here we report the experimental realization of an ultrafast two-color X-ray pump X-ray probe transient absorption experiment performed in solution. A 10 fs X-ray pump pulse creates a localized excitation by removing a 1s electron from an Fe atom in solvated ferro- and ferricyanide complexes. Following the ensuing Auger-Meitner cascade, the second X-ray pulse probes the Fe 1s → 3p transitions in resultant novel core-excited electronic states. Careful comparison of the experimental spectra with theory, extracts +2 eV shifts in transition energies per valence hole, providing insight into correlated interactions of valence 3d with 3p and deeper-lying electrons. Such information is essential for accurate modeling and predictive synthesis of transition metal complexes relevant for applications ranging from catalysis to information storage technology. This study demonstrates the experimental realization of the scientific opportunities possible with the continued development of multicolor multi-pulse X-ray spectroscopy to study electronic correlations in complex condensed phase systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Weakly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | | | - Benjamin I Poulter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Elisa Biasin
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Roberto Alonso-Mori
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Andrew Aquila
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Sébastien Boutet
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Franklin D Fuller
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Phay J Ho
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Thomas Kroll
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Caroline M Loe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Alberto Lutman
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Diling Zhu
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Uwe Bergmann
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Robert W Schoenlein
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Niranjan Govind
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Munira Khalil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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Svoboda V, Ram NB, Baykusheva D, Zindel D, Waters MDJ, Spenger B, Ochsner M, Herburger H, Stohner J, Wörner HJ. Femtosecond photoelectron circular dichroism of chemical reactions. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq2811. [PMID: 35857523 PMCID: PMC9286499 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq2811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the chirality of molecular reaction pathways is essential for a broad range of fundamental and applied sciences. However, the current ability to probe chirality on the time scale of primary processes underlying chemical reactions remains very limited. Here, we demonstrate time-resolved photoelectron circular dichroism (TRPECD) with ultrashort circularly polarized vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) pulses from a tabletop source. We demonstrate the capabilities of VUV-TRPECD by resolving the chirality changes in time during the photodissociation of atomic iodine from two chiral molecules. We identify several general key features of TRPECD, which include the ability to probe dynamical chirality along the complete photochemical reaction path, the sensitivity to the local chirality of the evolving scattering potential, and the influence of electron scattering off dissociating photofragments. Our results are interpreted by comparison with high-level ab-initio calculations of transient PECDs from molecular photoionization calculations. Our experimental and theoretical techniques define a general approach to femtochirality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vít Svoboda
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Niraghatam Bhargava Ram
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research–Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, India
| | | | - Daniel Zindel
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Max D. J. Waters
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Spenger
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Wädenswil 8820, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Ochsner
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Holger Herburger
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Stohner
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Wädenswil 8820, Switzerland
| | - Hans Jakob Wörner
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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6
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Walter P, Osipov T, Lin MF, Cryan J, Driver T, Kamalov A, Marinelli A, Robinson J, Seaberg MH, Wolf TJA, Aldrich J, Brown N, Champenois EG, Cheng X, Cocco D, Conder A, Curiel I, Egger A, Glownia JM, Heimann P, Holmes M, Johnson T, Lee L, Li X, Moeller S, Morton DS, Ng ML, Ninh K, O’Neal JT, Obaid R, Pai A, Schlotter W, Shepard J, Shivaram N, Stefan P, Van X, Wang AL, Wang H, Yin J, Yunus S, Fritz D, James J, Castagna JC. The time-resolved atomic, molecular and optical science instrument at the Linac Coherent Light Source. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2022; 29:957-968. [PMID: 35787561 PMCID: PMC9255571 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577522004283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The newly constructed time-resolved atomic, molecular and optical science instrument (TMO) is configured to take full advantage of both linear accelerators at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, the copper accelerator operating at a repetition rate of 120 Hz providing high per-pulse energy as well as the superconducting accelerator operating at a repetition rate of about 1 MHz providing high average intensity. Both accelerators power a soft X-ray free-electron laser with the new variable-gap undulator section. With this flexible light source, TMO supports many experimental techniques not previously available at LCLS and will have two X-ray beam focus spots in line. Thereby, TMO supports atomic, molecular and optical, strong-field and nonlinear science and will also host a designated new dynamic reaction microscope with a sub-micrometer X-ray focus spot. The flexible instrument design is optimized for studying ultrafast electronic and molecular phenomena and can take full advantage of the sub-femtosecond soft X-ray pulse generation program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Walter
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Timur Osipov
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Ming-Fu Lin
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - James Cryan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Taran Driver
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Andrei Kamalov
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Agostino Marinelli
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Joe Robinson
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Matthew H. Seaberg
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Thomas J. A. Wolf
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Jeff Aldrich
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Nolan Brown
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Elio G. Champenois
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Xinxin Cheng
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Daniele Cocco
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Alan Conder
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Ivan Curiel
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Adam Egger
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - James M. Glownia
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Philip Heimann
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Michael Holmes
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Tyler Johnson
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Lance Lee
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Xiang Li
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Stefan Moeller
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Daniel S. Morton
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - May Ling Ng
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Kayla Ninh
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Jordan T. O’Neal
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Razib Obaid
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Allen Pai
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - William Schlotter
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Jackson Shepard
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Niranjan Shivaram
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Peter Stefan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Xiong Van
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Anna Li Wang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Hengzi Wang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Jing Yin
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Sameen Yunus
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - David Fritz
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Justin James
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Jean-Charles Castagna
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
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