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Liang D, Zhou QQ, Xuan J. Multiple-cycle photochemical cascade reactions. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:2156-2174. [PMID: 38385507 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00071d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Cascade reactions represent an efficient and economical synthetic approach, enabling the rapid synthesis of a wide array of structurally complex organic compounds. These compounds, previously inaccessible, can now be synthesized in a remarkably limited number of steps. Concurrently, the photochemical reactions of organic molecules have gained prominence as a potent strategy for accessing a diverse range of radical species and intermediates. This is achieved in a controlled manner under mild conditions. Owing to the relentless endeavors of chemists, significant strides have been made in the realm of photochemical cascade reactions. These advancements have facilitated the synthesis of novel molecular structures with high complexity, structures that are typically challenging to generate under thermal conditions. In this review, we comprehensively summarize and underscore the recent pivotal advancements in visible-light-induced cascade reactions. Our focus is on the elucidation of multiple photochemical catalytic cycles, emphasizing the catalytic activation modes and the types of reactions involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, China
| | - Quan-Quan Zhou
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China.
| | - Jun Xuan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials and Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China.
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Dabbous A, Bauer P, Marcucci C, Périé S, Gahlot S, Lombard C, Caillat S, Ravanat JL, Mouesca JM, Kodjikian S, Barbara A, Dubois F, Maurel V. Hybrid CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dot-Gold Nanoparticle Composites Assembled by Click Chemistry: Toward Affordable and Efficient Redox Photocatalysts Working with Visible Light. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:56167-56180. [PMID: 38058110 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
A new modular, easy-to-synthesize photocatalyst was prepared by assembling colloidal CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QD) and gold nanoparticles (AuNP) via their ligands thanks to copper-catalyzed azide to alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) click chemistry. The resulting composite (QD-AuNP) photocatalyst was tested with a benchmark photoredox system previously reported by our group, for which QD alone acted as a photocatalyst but with a modest quantum yield (QY = 0.06%) and turnover number (TON = 350 in 3 h) due to poor charge separation. After optimization, the QD-AuNP composites exhibited much improved photocatalytic performances: up to five times higher TON (2600 in 3 h) and up to 24 times faster reaction in the first 10 min of visible irradiation. Such an improvement is attributed to an efficient electron transfer from QD to AuNP in the photoexcited QD-AuNP composites, which ensures a much better charge separation than that in QD alone. This was confirmed by studying both (i) the quenching of the QD photoluminescence during the synthesis of the QD-AuNP composites and (ii) the blue shift of the AuNP plasmon absorption band due to the accumulation of up to 7400 electrons per AuNP in QD-AuNP composites under visible light irradiation in the presence of electron donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Dabbous
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Pierre Bauer
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Coralie Marcucci
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Sandy Périé
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Sapna Gahlot
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Christian Lombard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Sylvain Caillat
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Luc Ravanat
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Stéphanie Kodjikian
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Aude Barbara
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Fabien Dubois
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Vincent Maurel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES, 38000 Grenoble, France
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Bui VH, Rodríguez-López CE, Dang TTT. Integration of discovery and engineering in plant alkaloid research: Recent developments in elucidation, reconstruction, and repurposing biosynthetic pathways. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 74:102379. [PMID: 37182414 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Plants synthesize tens of thousands of bioactive nitrogen-containing compounds called alkaloids, including some clinically important drugs in modern medicine. The discovery of new alkaloid structures and their metabolism in plants have provided ways to access these rich sources of bioactivities including new-to-nature compounds relevant to therapeutic and industrial applications. This review discusses recent advances in alkaloid biosynthesis discovery, including complete pathway elucidations. Additionally, the latest developments in the production of new and established plant alkaloids based on either biosynthesis or semisynthesis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van-Hung Bui
- Department of Chemistry, Irving K. Barber Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, 3247 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Carlos Eduardo Rodríguez-López
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L. 64849, Mexico.
| | - Thu-Thuy T Dang
- Department of Chemistry, Irving K. Barber Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, 3247 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada.
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Aguilera EY, Liu EC, Thullen SM, Sanford MS. Transannular Functionalization of Multiple C(sp 3)-H Bonds of Tropane via an Alkene-Bridged Palladium(I) Dimer. Organometallics 2023; 42:627-631. [PMID: 38550877 PMCID: PMC10972606 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.3c00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
This communication describes the Pd-catalyzed C(sp3)-H functionalization of a tropane derivative to generate products with functionalization at two (β/γ) or three (β/γ/β) different sites on the alicyclic amine core. These reactions proceed via an initial dehydrogenation to generate an alkene product that can react further to form a Pd(I) alkene-bridged dimer. Functionalization of this dimer affords β/γ/β-functionalized allylic arylation and allylic acetoxylation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Y. Aguilera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - En-Chih Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Scott M. Thullen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Melanie S. Sanford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Abstract
The emergence of modern photocatalysis, characterized by mildness and selectivity, has significantly spurred innovative late-stage C-H functionalization approaches that make use of low energy photons as a controllable energy source. Compared to traditional late-stage functionalization strategies, photocatalysis paves the way toward complementary and/or previously unattainable regio- and chemoselectivities. Merging the compelling benefits of photocatalysis with the late-stage functionalization workflow offers a potentially unmatched arsenal to tackle drug development campaigns and beyond. This Review highlights the photocatalytic late-stage C-H functionalization strategies of small-molecule drugs, agrochemicals, and natural products, classified according to the targeted C-H bond and the newly formed one. Emphasis is devoted to identifying, describing, and comparing the main mechanistic scenarios. The Review draws a critical comparison between established ionic chemistry and photocatalyzed radical-based manifolds. The Review aims to establish the current state-of-the-art and illustrate the key unsolved challenges to be addressed in the future. The authors aim to introduce the general readership to the main approaches toward photocatalytic late-stage C-H functionalization, and specialist practitioners to the critical evaluation of the current methodologies, potential for improvement, and future uncharted directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bellotti
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149Münster, Germany
| | - Huan-Ming Huang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210Shanghai, China
| | - Teresa Faber
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149Münster, Germany
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