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Ong HL, Chiang IN, Hsu LN, Chin CW, Shao IH, Jang MY, Juan YS, Wang CC, Kuo HC. Conservative Bladder Management and Medical Treatment in Chronic Spinal Cord Injury Patients. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12052021. [PMID: 36902808 PMCID: PMC10003947 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12052021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To review the available data on non-surgical management for neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) in patients with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) and provide the most updated knowledge for readers. We categorized the bladder management approaches into storage and voiding dysfunction separately; both are minimally invasive, safe, and efficacious procedures. The main goals for NLUTD management are to achieve urinary continence; improve quality of life; prevent urinary tract infections and, last but not least, preserve upper urinary tract function. Annual renal sonography workups and regular video urodynamics examinations are crucial for early detection and further urological management. Despite the extensive data on NLUTD, there are still relatively few novel publications and there is a lack of high-quality evidence. There is a paucity of new minimally invasive and prolonged efficacy treatments for NLUTD, and a partnership between urologists, nephrologists and physiatrists is required to promote and ensure the health of SCI patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hueih Ling Ong
- Department of Urology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi 622, Taiwan
| | - I-Ni Chiang
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Lin-Nei Hsu
- Department of Urology, An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan City 833, Taiwan
| | - Cheih-Wen Chin
- Feng Shan Lee Chia Wen Urologic Clinic, Kaohsiung 800, Taiwan
| | - I-Hung Shao
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Yu Jang
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Shun Juan
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 813031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Cheng Wang
- Department of Urology, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City 237, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli 320, Taiwan
| | - Hann-Chorng Kuo
- Department of Urology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Buddhist Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-8561825 (ext. 2117); Fax: +886-3-8560794
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Mukai Y, Kawasaki T, Kamijo YI, Furusawa K, Ibusuki T, Sakurai Y, Nishimura Y, Umemoto Y, Tajima F. Renal and Endocrine Responses to Arm Exercise in Persons with Cervical Spinal Cord Injury. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12041670. [PMID: 36836205 PMCID: PMC9968162 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess renal functions and endocrine responses to arm exercise in persons with cervical spinal cord injury (CSCI) under euhydrated conditions (free drinking of water), and to determine the physiological effects of exercise on renal function in these subjects. Eleven CSCI individuals (spinal lesions between C6 and C8, American Spinal Injury Association impairment scale A) and nine able-bodied (AB) persons rested for 30 min before performing 30 min arm-crank ergometer exercises at 50% of their maximum oxygen consumption, followed by 60-min of rest/recovery. Urine and blood samples were collected before and immediately after the exercise and recovery period. The CSCI patients showed no increase in plasma adrenaline and plasma renin activity compared with the AB controls, but showed similar changes in plasma aldosterone and the plasma antidiuretic hormone in response to the exercise. Creatinine clearance, osmolal clearance, free water clearance, and the fractional excretion of Na+ did not change during exercise in both groups of subjects, however free water clearance in the CSCI group was higher than in the AB group throughout the study. These findings suggested that activated plasma aldosterone without an increase in adrenaline or renin activity during exercise in CSCI individuals may reflect an adaptation to the disturbance of the sympathetic nervous system to compensate for renal function. As a result, no adverse effects of exercise on renal function in CSCI patients were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Mukai
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Takashi Kawasaki
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectual University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yoshi-Ichiro Kamijo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama 343-8555, Japan
| | - Kazunari Furusawa
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kibikogen Rehabilitation Center for Employment Injuries, Kibichuo-cho, Okayama 716-1241, Japan
| | - Tatsuru Ibusuki
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Yuta Sakurai
- Research Center of Sports Medicine and Balneology, Nachikatsuura Balneologic Town Hospital, Tenma-Nachikatuura-cho, Wakayama 649-5331, Japan
| | - Yukihide Nishimura
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Yasunori Umemoto
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Tajima
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
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Gumbel JH, Yang CB, Hubscher CH. Timeline of Changes in Biomarkers Associated with Spinal Cord Injury-Induced Polyuria. Neurotrauma Rep 2021; 2:462-475. [PMID: 34901942 PMCID: PMC8655813 DOI: 10.1089/neur.2021.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Deficits in upper and lower urinary tract function, which include detrusor overactivity, urinary incontinence, detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia, and polyuria, are among the leading issues that arise after spinal cord injury (SCI) affecting quality of life. Given that overproduction of urine (polyuria) has been shown to be associated with an imbalance in key regulators of body fluid homeostasis, the current study examined the timing of changes in levels of various relevant hormones, peptides, receptors, and channels post-contusion injury in adult male Wistar rats. The results show significant up- or downregulation at various time points, beginning at 7 days post-injury, in levels of urinary atrial natriuretic peptide, serum arginine vasopressin (AVP), kidney natriuretic peptide receptor-A, kidney vasopressin-2 receptor, kidney aquaporin-2 channels, and kidney epithelial sodium channels (β- and γ-, but not α-, subunits). The number of AVP-labeled neurons in the hypothalamus (supraoptic and -chiasmatic, but not paraventricular, nuclei) was also significantly altered at one or more time points. These data show significant fluctuations in key biomarkers involved in body fluid homeostasis during the post-SCI secondary injury phase, suggesting that therapeutic interventions (e.g., desmopressin, a synthetic analogue of AVP) should be considered early post-SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason H. Gumbel
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Cui Bo Yang
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Charles H. Hubscher
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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Circadian Rhythms in Water and Solute Handling in Adults with a Spinal Cord Injury. J Urol 2017; 197:445-451. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
This is a review of the most current literature on medical management of the neurogenic bladder (NGB) to treat detrusor overactivity (DO), improve bladder compliance and treat urinary incontinence. The use of antimuscarinics, alpha blockers, tricyclic antidepressants, desmopressin and mirabegron will be discussed along with combination therapy to improve efficacy. These medical therapies will be the focus of this review with surgical therapy and botulinum toxin injections being the subject of other articles in this series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne P Cameron
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Li J, Liu G, Zheng Y, Hao C, Zhang Y, Wei B, Zhou H, Wang D. The epidemiological survey of acute traumatic spinal cord injury (ATSCI) of 2002 in Beijing municipality. Spinal Cord 2011; 49:777-82. [PMID: 21383758 DOI: 10.1038/sc.2011.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Epidemiological survey. OBJECTIVES To study the incidence and epidemiology of acute traumatic spinal cord injury (ATSCI) of 2002 in Beijing municipality. SETTING Beijing. METHODS After quota sampling, data of all ATSCI patients who were injured in Beijing in 2002 from sample hospitals were collected for detailed investigation. RESULTS In all, 1079 patients were estimated to have ATSCI in 2002 in Beijing municipality and the annual incidence was 60.6 per million. The incidence increased more than ninefold compared with that of 6.7 per million between 1982 and 1986. The mean age of patients at the time of injury was 41 years. The male/female ratio was 3.1/1. The causes of injury were fall from height (37.5%), traffic accidents (26.9%), struck by object (16.3%) and fall on ground (8.3%), in that order. The mean expenditure of hospitalisation was 27819.3 RMB in 2002. The proportion of cervical, thoracic and lumbar injuries was 4.9, 28.0 and 65.9, respectively in 2002. The mean time of hospitalisation was 18.9 days and only 1.5% of the spinal cord injury (SCI) patients went to rehabilitation hospitals after their discharge. The severity of neurological impairment was not recorded in the majority of hospitals. CONCLUSION There was a rapid increase of the annual SCI incidence from 1982 to 2002 during an economic boom. Safety regulations are of primary importance in preventing the injury. Once happened, long-term health insurance is essential for the well-being of the victims. Although some improvement has been made since 2002, much remains to be done in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Li
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, China Rehabilitation Research Centre, Beijing, China
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Sakakibara R, Uchiyama T, Liu Z, Yamamoto T, Ito T, Yamanishi T, Hattori T. Nocturnal polyuria with abnormal circadian rhythm of plasma arginine vasopressin in post-stroke patients. Intern Med 2005; 44:281-4. [PMID: 15897635 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.44.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nocturia is a common reason for interrupted sleep in post-stroke patients. These patients often have neurogenic bladder overactivity. However, little is known about the possible contribution of nocturnal polyuria in the patients. METHODS We measured the number of nocturia, the circadian plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) level and urinary excretion in 4 patients with stroke. RESULTS All patients had nocturnal urinary frequency (three times in one and twice in 3). All patients were revealed to have nocturnal polyuria, and the ratio of nocturnal urinary output to 24 hour volume ranged from 36% to 63%. Measurement of daily plasma AVP variation showed that all patients lost normal nocturnal rise of the plasma AVP concentration. Two patients were successfully treated with 5 mug of intranasal desmopressin once a night, a potent analogue of AVP, without hypertension particularly in the night, signs of congestive cardiac failure or any electrolyte abnormality such as hyponatremia. CONCLUSION Our post-stroke patients had nocturnal polyuria with abnormal circadian rhythm of plasma AVP secretion. Desmopressin reduced nocturnal waking in urination. It also ameliorated nocturnal dehydration that might trigger a stroke recurrence in the patients.
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Szollar SM, Dunn KL, Brandt S, Fincher J. Nocturnal polyuria and antidiuretic hormone levels in spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1997; 78:455-8. [PMID: 9161360 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-9993(97)90155-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish baseline ADH levels in spinal cord injury patients and to evaluate whether spinal cord patients have attenuation of diurnal variation of ADH similar to children with enuresis and elderly with nocturnal polyuria. DESIGN Twenty-seven healthy quadriplegic patients, ASIA impairment scale A, were evaluated for serum ADH levels at night and during the day. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Evaluation of whether bladder overdistention caused by attenuation of diurnal variation of ADH is responsible for the episodes of autonomic dysreflexia and recurrent urinary tract infections in spinal cord injury patients who are on intermittent catheterization for bladder management. RESULTS A lack of diurnal variation of ADH in the subject population. CONCLUSIONS A trial of desaminocystein-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) should be considered for patients with established attenuation of the diurnal variation ADH.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Szollar
- Spinal Cord Injury Center, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, CA 92161, USA
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