Kubota K, Saiwai H, Kumamaru H, Kobayakawa K, Maeda T, Matsumoto Y, Harimaya K, Iwamoto Y, Okada S. Neurological recovery is impaired by concurrent but not by asymptomatic pre-existing spinal cord compression after traumatic spinal cord injury.
Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2012;
37:1448-55. [PMID:
22414995 DOI:
10.1097/brs.0b013e31824ffda5]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN
An in vivo animal study to examine the influence of pre-existing or concurrent spinal canal stenosis (SCS) on the functional recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI).
OBJECTIVES
To clarify whether spinal cord compression before or after SCI results in less favorable neurological recovery.
SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA
The influence of spinal cord compression on the neurological recovery after SCI remains unclear.
METHODS
We created mice with SCS using an extradural spacer before or after producing SCI and statistically analyzed the correlation between the extent of SCS and neurological outcomes. The extent of SCS was calculated by micro-computed tomography, and the spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) was measured serially with laser Doppler flowmetry. Molecular and immunohistochemical examinations were performed to evaluate the neovascularization at the site of cord compression.
RESULTS
Spacer placement (<300 μm) alone in the control mouse resulted in no neurological deficits. Even with spacer placement that caused asymptomatic SCS, the functional recovery after SCI was progressively impaired as spacer sizes increased in the mice with SCS co-occurring with SCI, whereas no significant impact was observed in the mice with pre-existing SCS, irrespective of the spacer sizes. The SCBF progressively decreased immediately after SCS was produced, but it fully recovered at the later time points. Angiogenesis-related genes were upregulated, and neovascular vessels were observed after producing the SCS. We found that concurrent SCS resulted in a significant reduction and impaired the subsequent recovery of the SCBF, whereas pre-existing SCS did not affect the hemodynamics of the spinal cord after SCI.
CONCLUSION
The dynamic reduction of the SCBF occurring immediately after spinal cord compression is a significant factor that impairs the neurological recovery after SCI, whereas pre-existing SCS is not always an impediment due to the potentially restructured SCBF.
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