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Li W, Chen M, Wang T, Feng X, Jiang X, Dong X, Zhang H, Tang X, Tian R, Zhang Y, Li Z. Characterization and humanization of VNARs targeting human serum albumin from the whitespotted bamboo shark (Chiloscyllium plagiosum). Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:133082. [PMID: 38878923 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The Shark-derived immunoglobulin new antigen receptors (IgNARs) have gained increasing attention for their high solubility, exceptional thermal stability, and intricate sequence variation. In this study, we immunized whitespotted bamboo shark (Chiloscyllium plagiosum) to create phage display library of variable domains of IgNAR (VNARs) for screening against Human Serum Albumin (HSA), a versatile vehicle in circulation due to its long in vivo half-life. We identified two HSA-binding VNAR clones, 2G5 and 2G6, and enhanced their expression in E. coli with the FKPA chaperone. 2G6 exhibited a strong binding affinity of 13 nM with HSA and an EC50 of 1 nM. In vivo study with a murine model further provided initial validation of 2G6's ability to prolong circulation time by binding to HSA. Additionally, we employed computational molecular docking to predict the binding affinities of both 2G6 and its humanized derivative, H2G6, to HSA. Our analysis unveiled that the complementarity-determining regions (CDR1 and CDR3) are pivotal in the antigen recognition process. Therefore, our study has advanced the understanding of the potential applications of VNARs in biomedical research aimed at extending drug half-life, holding promise for future therapeutic and diagnostic progressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Mingliang Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China; School of Marine Biology, Xiamen Ocean Vocational College, Xiamen, Fujian 361100, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Urinary Tract Tumors and Calculi, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361003, China
| | - Xin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Xierui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Xiaoning Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Diagnostics of the Ministry of Education, National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine Engineering, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Xixiang Tang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China.
| | - Rui Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.
| | - Yongyou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Diagnostics of the Ministry of Education, National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine Engineering, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.
| | - Zengpeng Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China.
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Kwon BJ, Cho NH, Ahn T, Kim G, Diệu NTX, Kim WT, Cho HJ, Seo DH, Kim JY. Nicotiana benthamiana-derived dupilumab-scFv reaches deep into the cultured human nasal epithelial cells and inhibits CCL26 expression. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14558. [PMID: 38914666 PMCID: PMC11196582 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65524-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Plants offer a cost-effective and scalable pharmaceutical platform devoid of host-derived contamination risks. However, their medical application is complicated by the potential for acute allergic reactions to external proteins. Developing plant-based protein therapeutics for localized diseases with non-invasive treatment modalities may capitalize on the benefits of plant proteins while avoiding their inherent risks. Dupilumab, which is effective against a variety of allergic and autoimmune diseases but has systemic responses and injection-related side effects, may be more beneficial if delivered locally using a small biological form. In this study, we engineered a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) of dupilumab, termed Dup-scFv produced by Nicotiana benthamiana, and evaluated its tissue permeability and anti-inflammatory efficacy in air-liquid interface cultured human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs). Despite showing 3.67- and 17-fold lower binding affinity for IL-4Ra in surface plasmon resonance assays and cell binding assays, respectively, Dup-scFv retained most of the affinity of dupilumab, which was originally high, with a dissociation constant (KD) of 4.76 pM. In HNECs cultured at the air-liquid interface, Dup-scFv administered on the air side inhibited the inflammatory marker CCL26 in hard-to-reach basal cells more effectively than dupilumab. In addition, Dup-scFv had an overall permeability of 0.8% across cell layers compared to undetectable levels of dupilumab. These findings suggest that plant-produced Dup-scFv can be delivered non-invasively to cultured HNESc to alleviate inflammatory signaling, providing a practical approach to utilize plant-based proteins for topical therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beom Jun Kwon
- Department of Pharmacology and Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Hyun Cho
- Department of Pharmacology and Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyoung Ahn
- Department of Pharmacology and Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Geunah Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyễn Thị Xuân Diệu
- Department of Pharmacology and Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Woo Taek Kim
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Ju Cho
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Hye Seo
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joo Young Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Nejatollahi F, Nadimi E, Noorafshan A, Moazen S, Alizadeh AM, Khalighfard S, Sahebkar A. Reduced Tumor Volume and Increased Necrosis of Human Breast Tumor Xenograft in Mice Pretreated by a Cocktail of Three Specific Anti-HER2 scFvs. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2024; 25:409-418. [PMID: 38018211 DOI: 10.2174/0113892037269645231031095145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to assess the effects of a cocktail comprising three specific anti- HER2 scFvs on breast tumor formation in a xenograft mouse model and to evaluate quantitative changes in the tumor using stereological analysis. METHODS Three specific anti-HER2 phage antibodies were produced from a scFv-library using phage display technology. The cell binding capacities of the antibodies were assessed via FACS analysis. Soluble forms of the antibodies were prepared by infecting HB2151-E. coli cells and purified using a centrifugal ultrafiltration method. The purification process was evaluated by SDSPAGE analysis. Two forms of scFv cocktails were prepared, soluble scFv and phage-scFv cocktail, which contained an equal amount/phage of each of the three antibodies. Inbred female BALB/c mice were pretreated with 5 and 20 mg/kg of the soluble scFv cocktail and 1011 phage-scFv cocktail/ kg. The mice were then injected with 2×106 SKBR-3 human breast cancer cells. Total tumor, inflammatory and non-inflammatory volumes were estimated using the Cavalieri principle after preparing photomicrograph slides. RESULTS The anti-HER2 scFvs showed significantly higher binding to SKBR-3 cells compared to the isotype control. SDS-PAGE analysis confirmed the high purification of the scFvs. Stereological analysis revealed that the group pretreated with 20 mg/kg of the soluble scFv cocktail exhibited the highest reductions in total tumor volume, non-inflammatory volume, and inflammatory volume, with reductions of 73%, 78%, and 72%, respectively, compared to PBS-pretreated mice (P-value < 0.0001). The volumetric ratio of necrotic tissue to total tumor volume increased by 2.2-fold and 2- fold in the 20 mg/kg of soluble scFv cocktail and phage-scFv cocktail groups, respectively, compared to the PBS-treated mice (P-value < 0.05). CONCLUSION Pre-treatment with a 20 mg/kg anti-HER2 scFv cocktail resulted in a significant reduction in tumor volume and increased necrotic area in a human breast cancer xenograft model, indicating the remarkable anti-tumor effect of the cocktail in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foroogh Nejatollahi
- Recombinant Antibody Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elham Nadimi
- Recombinant Antibody Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Noorafshan
- Department of Neuroscience, City University in Canada, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Setareh Moazen
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, Canada
| | | | - Solmaz Khalighfard
- Cancer Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Huysamen A, Fadeyi OE, Mayuni G, Dogbey DM, Mungra N, Biteghe FAN, Hardcastle N, Ramamurthy D, Akinrinmade OA, Naran K, Cooper S, Lang D, Richter W, Hunter R, Barth S. Click Chemistry-Generated Auristatin F-Linker-Benzylguanine for a SNAP-Tag-Based Recombinant Antibody-Drug Conjugate Demonstrating Selective Cytotoxicity toward EGFR-Overexpressing Tumor Cells. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:4026-4037. [PMID: 36743041 PMCID: PMC9893251 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are bifunctional molecules combining the targeting potential of monoclonal antibodies with the cancer-killing ability of cytotoxic drugs. This simple yet intelligently designed system directly addresses the lack of specificity encountered with conventional anti-cancer treatment regimes. However, despite their initial success, the generation of clinically sustainable and effective ADCs has been plagued by poor tumor penetration, undefined chemical linkages, unpredictable pharmacokinetic profiles, and heterogeneous mixtures of products. To this end, we generated a SNAP-tag-based fusion protein targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-a biomarker of aggressive and drug-resistant cancers. Here, we demonstrate the use of a novel click coupling strategy to engineer a benzylguanine (BG)-linker-auristatin F (AuriF) piece that can be covalently tethered to the EGFR-targeting SNAP-tag-based fusion protein in an irreversible 1:1 stoichiometric reaction to form a homogeneous product. Furthermore, using these recombinant ADCs to target EGFR-overexpressing tumor cells, we provide a proof-of-principle for generating biologically active antimitotic therapeutic proteins capable of inducing cell death in a dose-dependent manner, thus alleviating some of the challenges of early ADC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan
M. Huysamen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, PD Hahn Building, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
| | - Olaolu E. Fadeyi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, PD Hahn Building, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
| | - Grace Mayuni
- Medical
Biotechnology and Immunotherapy Research Unit, Institute of Infectious
Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
| | - Dennis M. Dogbey
- Medical
Biotechnology and Immunotherapy Research Unit, Institute of Infectious
Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
| | - Neelakshi Mungra
- Medical
Biotechnology and Immunotherapy Research Unit, Institute of Infectious
Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
- Centre
for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle
Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98101, United States
| | - Fleury A. N. Biteghe
- Department
of Radiation Oncology and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Natasha Hardcastle
- Medical
Biotechnology and Immunotherapy Research Unit, Institute of Infectious
Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
| | - Dharanidharan Ramamurthy
- Medical
Biotechnology and Immunotherapy Research Unit, Institute of Infectious
Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
| | - Olusiji A. Akinrinmade
- Medical
Biotechnology and Immunotherapy Research Unit, Institute of Infectious
Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
- Department
of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein
College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
| | - Krupa Naran
- Medical
Biotechnology and Immunotherapy Research Unit, Institute of Infectious
Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
| | - Susan Cooper
- Division
of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
| | - Dirk Lang
- Division
of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
| | | | - Roger Hunter
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, PD Hahn Building, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
| | - Stefan Barth
- Medical
Biotechnology and Immunotherapy Research Unit, Institute of Infectious
Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
- South
African Research Chair in Cancer Biotechnology, Department of Integrative
Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape
Town 7700, South Africa
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5
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Evaluation of B7-H3 Targeted Immunotherapy in a 3D Organoid Model of Craniopharyngioma. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121744. [PMID: 36551172 PMCID: PMC9775874 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A craniopharyngioma (CP) is a rare epithelial tumor of the sellar and parasellar region. CPs are difficult to treat due to their anatomical proximity to critical nervous structures, which limits the ability of the surgeon to completely resect the lesion, exposing patients to a high risk of recurrence. The treatment of craniopharyngiomas is primarily surgery and radiotherapy. So far, neither a cell line nor an animal model has been established, and thus data on other treatment options, such as chemotherapy and immunotherapy, are limited. Here, the expression profile of the pan-cancer antigen B7-H3 in various cancer types including CP was examined by immunohistochemistry. An in vitro organoid model was established by using fresh tissue biospecimens of CP. Based on the organoid model, we evaluated the antitumor efficacy of B7-H3-targeted immunotherapy on CP. As a result, the highest expression of B7-H3 was observed in CP tissues across various cancer types. Although B7-H3-targeted chimeric antigen-receptor T cells show obvious tumor-killing effects in the traditional 2D cell culture model, limited antitumor effects were observed in the 3D organoid model. The B7-H3-targeted antibody-DM1 conjugate exhibited a potent tumor suppression function both in 2D and 3D models. In conclusion, for the first time, we established an organoid model for CP and our results support that B7-H3 might serve as a promising target for antibody-drug conjugate therapy against craniopharyngioma.
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A Novel Antibody-Drug Conjugate Targeting Nectin-2 Suppresses Ovarian Cancer Progression in Mouse Xenograft Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012358. [PMID: 36293219 PMCID: PMC9604294 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer, followed by front line is mostly platinum agents and PARP inhibitors, and very limited option in later lines. Therefore, there is a need for alternative therapeutic options. Nectin-2, which is overexpressed in ovarian cancer, is a known immune checkpoint that deregulates immune cell function. In this study, we generated a novel anti-nectin-2 antibody (chimeric 12G1, c12G1), and further characterized it using epitope mapping, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, surface plasmon resonance, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and internalization assays. The c12G1 antibody specifically bound to the C2 domain of human nectin-2 with high affinity (KD = 2.90 × 10-10 M), but not to mouse nectin-2. We then generated an antibody-drug conjugate comprising the c12G1 antibody conjugated to DM1 and investigated its cytotoxic effects against cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. c12G1-DM1 induced cell cycle arrest at the mitotic phase in nectin-2-positive ovarian cancer cells, but not in nectin-2-negative cancer cells. c12G1-DM1 induced ~100-fold cytotoxicity in ovarian cancer cells, with an IC50 in the range of 0.1 nM~7.4 nM, compared to normal IgG-DM1. In addition, c12G1-DM1 showed ~91% tumor growth inhibition in mouse xenograft models transplanted with OV-90 cells. These results suggest that c12G1-DM1 could be used as a potential therapeutic agent against nectin-2-positive ovarian cancers.
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Computation-Aided Design of Albumin Affibody-Inserted Antibody Fragment for the Prolonged Serum Half-Life. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091769. [PMID: 36145517 PMCID: PMC9500697 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) have been recognized as promising agents in cancer therapy. However, short serum half-life of scFvs often limits clinical application. Fusion to albumin affibody (ABD) is an effective and convenient half-life extension strategy. Although one terminus of scFv is available for fusion of ABD, it is also frequently used for fusion of useful moieties such as small functional proteins, cytokines, or antibodies. Herein, we investigated the internal linker region for ABD fusion instead of terminal region, which was rarely explored before. We constructed two internally ABD-inserted anti-HER2 4D5scFv (4D5-ABD) variants, which have short (4D5-S-ABD) and long (4D5-L-ABD) linker length respectively. The model structures of these 4D5scFv and 4D5-ABD variants predicted using the deep learning-based protein structure prediction program (AlphaFold2) revealed high similarity to either the original 4D5scFv or the ABD structure, implying that the functionality would be retained. Designed 4D5-ABD variants were expressed in the bacterial expression system and characterized. Both 4D5-ABD variants showed anti-HER2 binding affinity comparable with 4D5scFv. Binding affinity of both 4D5-ABD variants against albumin was also comparable. In a pharmacokinetic study in mice, the 4D5-ABD variants showed a significantly prolonged half-life of 34 h, 114 times longer than that of 4D5scFv. In conclusion, we have developed a versatile scFv platform with enhanced pharmacokinetic profiles with an aid of deep learning-based structure prediction.
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Zhao S, Wang Y, Yang N, Mu M, Wu Z, Li H, Tang X, Zhong K, Zhang Z, Huang C, Cao T, Zheng M, Wang G, Nie C, Yang H, Guo G, Zhou L, Zheng X, Tong A. Genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 screen reveals novel regulators of B7-H3 in tumor cells. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2022-004875. [PMID: 35768165 PMCID: PMC9244714 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-004875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite advances in B7 homolog 3 protein (B7-H3) based immunotherapy, the development of drug resistance remains a major clinical concern. The heterogeneity and emerging loss of B7-H3 expression are the main causes of drug resistance and treatment failure in targeted therapies, which reveals an urgent need to elucidate the mechanism underlying the regulation of B7-H3 expression. In this study, we identified and explored the crucial role of the transcription factor SPT20 homolog (SP20H) in B7-H3 expression and tumor progression. Methods Here, we performed CRISPR/Cas9-based genome scale loss-of-function screening to identify regulators of B7-H3 in human ovarian cancer cells. Signaling pathways altered by SP20H knockout were revealed by RNA sequencing. The regulatory role and mechanism of SP20H in B7-H3 expression were validated using loss-of-function and gain-of-function assays in vitro. The effects of inhibiting SP20H on tumor growth and efficacy of anti-B7-H3 treatment were evaluated in tumor-bearing mice. Results We identified SUPT20H (SP20H) as negative and eIF4E as positive regulators of B7-H3 expression in various cancer cells. Furthermore, we provided evidence that either SP20H loss or TNF-α stimulation in tumor cells constitutively activates p38 MAPK-eIF4E signaling, thereby upregulating B7-H3 expression. Loss of SP20H upregulated B7-H3 expression both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, deletion of SP20H significantly suppressed tumor growth and increased immune cells infiltration in tumor microenvironment. More importantly, antibody–drug conjugates targeting B7-H3 exhibited superior antitumor performance against SP20H-deficient tumors relative to control groups. Conclusions Activation of p38 MAPK-eIF4E signaling serves as a key event in the transcription initiation and B7-H3 protein expression in tumor cells. Genetically targeting SP20H upregulates target antigen expression and sensitizes tumors to anti-B7-H3 treatment. Collectively, our findings provide new insight into the mechanisms underlying B7-H3 expression and introduce a potential synergistic target for existing antibody-based targeted therapy against B7-H3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuelong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Nian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Min Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiguo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hexian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kunhong Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zongliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ting Cao
- Lab of Infectious Diseases and Vaccine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Meijun Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guoqing Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunlai Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Gang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liangxue Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xi Zheng
- Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Aiping Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Wang H, Jia D, Yuan D, Yin X, Yuan F, Wang F, Shi W, Li H, Zhu LM, Fan Q. Dimeric Her2-specific affibody mediated cisplatin-loaded nanoparticles for tumor enhanced chemo-radiotherapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:138. [PMID: 33985511 PMCID: PMC8120847 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00885-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solid tumor hypoxic conditions prevent the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the formation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) induced by ionizing radiation, which ultimately contributes to radiotherapy (RT) resistance. Recently, there have been significant technical advances in nanomedicine to reduce hypoxia by facilitating in situ O2 production, which in turn serves as a "radiosensitizer" to increase the sensitivity of tumor cells to ionizing radiation. However, off-target damage to the tumor-surrounding healthy tissue by high-energy radiation is often unavoidable, and tumor cells that are further away from the focal point of ionizing radiation may avoid damage. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an intelligent targeted nanoplatform to enable precise enhanced RT-induced DNA damage and combined therapy. RESULTS Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2)-specific dimeric affibody (ZHer2) mediated cisplatin-loaded mesoporous polydopamine/MnO2/polydopamine nanoparticles (Pt@mPDA/MnO2/PDA-ZHer2 NPs) for MRI and enhanced chemo-radiotherapy of Her2-positive ovarian tumors is reported. These NPs are biodegradable under a simulated tumor microenvironment, resulting in accelerated cisplatin release, as well as localized production of O2. ZHer2, produced using the E. coli expression system, endowed NPs with Her2-dependent binding ability in Her2-positive SKOV-3 cells. An in vivo MRI revealed obvious T1 contrast enhancement at the tumor site. Moreover, these NPs achieved efficient tumor homing and penetration via the efficient internalization and penetrability of ZHer2. These NPs exhibited excellent inhibition of tumor growth with X-ray irradiation. An immunofluorescence assay showed that these NPs significantly reduced the expression of HIF-1α and improved ROS levels, resulting in radiosensitization. CONCLUSIONS The nanocarriers described in the present study integrated Her2 targeting, diagnosis and RT sensitization into a single platform, thus providing a novel approach for translational tumor theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China.,School of Life Sciences, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271016, China
| | - Dianlong Jia
- Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Design, School of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Dandan Yuan
- Department of Digestive Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Xiaolei Yin
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271016, China
| | - Fengjiao Yuan
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Medicine Research, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Design, School of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Wenna Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Li-Min Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
| | - Qing Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China.
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10
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Sanches M, D'Angelo I, Jaramillo M, Baardsnes J, Zwaagstra J, Schrag J, Schoenhofen I, Acchione M, Lawn S, Wickman G, Weisser N, Poon DKY, Ng G, Dixit S. AlbuCORE: an albumin-based molecular scaffold for multivalent biologics design. MAbs 2020; 12:1802188. [PMID: 32816577 PMCID: PMC7531512 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2020.1802188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As biologics have become a mainstay in the development of novel therapies, protein engineering tools to expand on their structural advantages, namely specificity, affinity, and valency are of interest. Antibodies have dominated this field as the preferred scaffold for biologics development while there has been limited exploration into the use of albumin with its unique physiological characteristics as a platform for biologics design. There has been a great deal of interest to create bispecific and more complex multivalent molecules to build on the advantages offered by protein-based therapeutics relative to small molecules. Here, we explore the use of human serum albumin (HSA) as a scaffold for the design of multispecific biologics. In particular, we describe a structure-guided approach to the design of split HSA molecules we refer to as AlbuCORE, that effectively and spontaneously forms a native albumin-like molecule, but in a heterodimeric state upon co-expression. We show that the split AlbuCORE designs allow the creation of novel fusion entities with unique alternate geometries. We also show that, apart from these AlbuCORE fusion entities, there is an opportunity to explore their albumin-like small hydrophobic molecule carrying capacity as a drug conjugate in these designs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor D'Angelo
- One Amgen Center Dr, Amgen Inc ., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Maria Jaramillo
- Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, NRC-CNRC , Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jason Baardsnes
- Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, NRC-CNRC , Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - John Zwaagstra
- Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, NRC-CNRC , Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Joe Schrag
- Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, NRC-CNRC , Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ian Schoenhofen
- Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, NRC-CNRC , Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mauro Acchione
- Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, NRC-CNRC , Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sam Lawn
- R&D, Zymeworks Inc , Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Gordon Ng
- Search and Evaluation, Abbvie Inc , North Chicago, Illinois, USA
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11
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Wu D, Zhao P, Wu L, Lin L, Yu G, Xu L, Yue J. Aptamer-Functionalized Gold Nanostars for on-Demand Delivery of Anticancer Therapeutics. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:4590-4599. [PMID: 35025458 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanostars (AuNS) are promising carriers for targeted delivery of therapeutic oligonucleotides, but their potential in fabricating an on-demand drug release system in a facile and robust way remains to be explored. In this paper, we used a model aptamer (HApt), acting not only as a target ligand but also as a natural thermal-responsive material, to decorate AuNS. The prepared gold nanoconstruct, HApt@AuNS, displayed stoichiometric loading capacity of the anthracycline drug doxorubicin (Dox). The on-demand drug release was realized by illuminating nanoconstructs with near-infrared (NIR) light. Furthermore, a higher degree of Dox release from the nanoconstructs was achieved in an acidic environment, compared to neutral conditions. The in vitro experiments showed that Dox-intercalation did not affect the cell uptake efficiency of HApt@AuNS, which could enter cells through clathrin-mediated endocytosis and microtubule-dependent active transport to lysosomes. Dox-loaded HApt@AuNS exhibited intracellular on-demand drug release and enhanced toxicity against cancer cells by NIR-irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalin Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Pei Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Lihua Lin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Guoyi Yu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Linlin Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Yue
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
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12
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Rapid Evaluation of Antibody Fragment Endocytosis for Antibody Fragment-Drug Conjugates. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10060955. [PMID: 32630402 PMCID: PMC7355425 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have emerged as the most promising strategy in targeted cancer treatment. Recent strategies for the optimization ADCs include the development of antibody fragment-drug conjugates (FDCs). The critical factor in the successful development of ADCs and FDCs is the identification of tumor antigen-specific and internalizing antibodies (Abs). However, systematic comparison or correlation studies of internalization rates with different antibody formats have not been reported previously. In this study, we generated a panel of scFv-phage Abs using phage display technology and their corresponding scFv and scFv-Fc fragments and evaluated their relative internalization kinetics in relation to their antibody forms. We found that the relative rates and levels of internalization of scFv-phage antibodies positively correlate with their scFv and scFv-Fc forms. Our systematic study demonstrates that endocytosis of scFv-phage can serve as a predictive indicator for the assessment of Ab fragment internalization. Additionally, the present study demonstrates that endocytic antibodies can be rapidly screened and selected from phage antibody libraries prior to the conversion of phage antibodies for the generation of the conventional antibody format. Our strategic approach for the identification and evaluation of endocytic antibodies would expedite the selection for optimal antibodies and antibody fragments and be broadly applicable to ADC and FDC development.
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13
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Canakci M, Singh K, Munkhbat O, Shanthalingam S, Mitra A, Gordon M, Osborne BA, Thayumanavan S. Targeting CD4 + Cells with Anti-CD4 Conjugated Mertansine-Loaded Nanogels. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:2473-2481. [PMID: 32383874 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
CD4+ T lymphocytes play an important role in controlling many malignancies. The modulation of CD4+ T cells through immunomodulatory or cytotoxic drugs could change the course of disease progression for disorders such as autoimmunity, immunodeficiency, and cancer. Here, we demonstrate that anti-CD4 conjugated polymeric nanogels can deliver a small molecule cargo to primary CD4+ T cells and a CD4high T cell lymphoma. The antibody conjugation not only increased the uptake efficiency of the nanogel (NG) by CD4+ T cells but also decreased the non-specific uptake of the NG by CD4- lymphocytes. For T lymphoma cell lines, the mertansine-loaded conjugate displayed a dose-dependent cell growth inhibition at 17 ng/mL antibody concentration. On the other hand, antibody-drug conjugate (ADC)-type formulation of the anti-CD4 reached similar levels of cell growth inhibition only at the significantly higher concentration of 1.8 μg/mL. NG and antibody conjugates have the advantage of carrying a large payload to a defined target in a more efficient manner as it needs far less antibody to achieve a similar outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mine Canakci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 10003, United States.,Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 10003, United States.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 10003, United States
| | - Khushboo Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 10003, United States.,Center for Bioactive Delivery, Institute for Applied Life Sciences University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Oyuntuya Munkhbat
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 10003, United States
| | - Sudarvili Shanthalingam
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 10003, United States
| | - Ankita Mitra
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 10003, United States
| | - Mallory Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 10003, United States
| | - Barbara A Osborne
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 10003, United States.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 10003, United States.,Center for Bioactive Delivery, Institute for Applied Life Sciences University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - S Thayumanavan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 10003, United States.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 10003, United States.,Center for Bioactive Delivery, Institute for Applied Life Sciences University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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14
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In Silico Design and Evaluation of scFv-CdtB as a Novel Immunotoxin for Breast Cancer Treatment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER MANAGEMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.5812/ijcm.96094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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15
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Lu Y, Su X, Zhao M, Zhang Q, Liu C, Lai Q, Wu S, Fang A, Yang J, Chen X, Yao Y. Comparative RNA-sequencing profiled the differential gene expression of liver in response to acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor GS-0976 in a mouse model of NASH. PeerJ 2019; 7:e8115. [PMID: 31879571 PMCID: PMC6927352 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a progressive liver disease characterized by hepatic steatosis, lobular inflammation and fibrosis. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) isoform 1 and 2 involved in de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and fatty acid oxidation have been identified as a therapeutic target in NASH. GS-0976, the inhibitor of ACC1 and ACC2, has achieved favorable therapeutic effects in clinical trials with NASH. The purpose of this study was to explore the transcriptional alterations regulated by GS-0976 in NASH. Methods C57BL/6 mice were fed on a choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined, high-fat diet (CDAHFD) or normal diet for 12 weeks. Mice were treated with or without GS-0976 (3 mg/kg per day) in the last 8 weeks. Oil Red O, Haematoxylin-eosin (H & E), and Sirius Red were used to evaluate hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis. The comparative RNA-sequencing was conducted to analyse the hepatic gene expression profiles in mice. Reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction analysis was performed to validate the differential expression of representative genes. Results GS-0976 attenuated the steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis of NASH in CDAHFD mouse model. High-throughput sequencing and differential gene expression analysis showed that there were 516 up-regulated genes and 525 down-regulated genes after GS-0976 treatment. Genes involved in the metabolic process, extracellular matrix formation, immune response, and angiogenesis were significantly enriched. The “Metabolic pathways” and “ECM-receptor interaction” pathways were the most significantly enriched KEGG pathways in the up-regulated and down-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs), respectively. Conclusions Transcriptome analysis showed that GS-0976 could regulate the expression of genes related to metabolism, inflammation and fibrosis in NASH. The global transcriptomic changes in gene expression promote the further understanding for the inhibition mechanisms of GS-0976 in NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Manyu Zhao
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianru Zhang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Dongguan, China
| | - Chuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qinhuai Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sijia Wu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Aiping Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinliang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Dongguan, China
| | - Xiaoxin Chen
- Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Dongguan, China
| | - Yuqin Yao
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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16
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Su X, Wan Y, Xie L, Lin X, Zhao H, Ju X, Fang A. Expression of SUMO1P3 Compared with SUMO1 is an Independent Predictor of Patient Outcome in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:6691-6701. [PMID: 31489957 PMCID: PMC6752103 DOI: 10.12659/msm.916887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The small ubiquitin-like modifier 1 (SUMO1) and small ubiquitin-like modifier 1 pseudogene 3 (SUMO1P3) are long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). The prognostic significance of SUMO1 and SUMO1P3 expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unclear. This study aimed to use clinical, genetic, and survival data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), to analyze the prognostic significance of SUMO1 and SUMO1P3 expression in the two main subtypes of NSCLC, lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). Material/Methods Data were acquired from TCGA and in silico survival analysis was performed. SUMO1 and SUMO1P3 expression were compared between patients with LUAD and LUSC. Patient outcome was assessed as complete remission (CR), partial remission (PR), stable disease (SD), and progressive disease (PD). Recurrence-free survival (RFS) was defined as the survival time from primary surgery to the time of locoregional or distant recurrence of lung cancer. Results SUMO1P3 was significantly increased in LUSC and LUAD tissues compared with adjacent normal lung tissue and was significantly co-expressed with SUMO1. SUMO1P3 expression was significantly increased in patients with LUAD but not LUSC with reduced RFS after primary or follow-up treatment. Although patients with LUAD who had high SUMO1 or SUMO1P3 expression had reduced RFS compared with low expression groups, univariate and multivariate analysis showed that only SUMO1P3 expression was independently associated reduced RFS (HR, 1.418; 95% CI, 1.041–1.930; p=0.027). Conclusions SUMO1P3 expression was an independent indicator of reduced RFS in patients with LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Yang Wan
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Linshen Xie
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Xiufang Lin
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Hongwen Zhao
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Xiao Ju
- Sichuan Scientist Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Aiping Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland).,West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
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17
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L19-IL2 Immunocytokine in Combination with the Anti-Syndecan-1 46F2SIP Antibody Format: A New Targeted Treatment Approach in an Ovarian Carcinoma Model. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091232. [PMID: 31443604 PMCID: PMC6769537 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the fifth most common cancer affecting the female population. At present, different targeted treatment approaches may improve currently employed therapies leading either to the delay of tumor recurrence or to disease stabilization. In this study we show that syndecan-1 (SDC1) and tumor angiogenic-associated B-fibronectin isoform (B-FN) are involved in EOC progression and we describe the prominent role of SDC1 in the vasculogenic mimicry (VM) process. We also investigate a possible employment of L19-IL2, an immunocytokine specific for B-FN, and anti-SDC1 46F2SIP (small immuno protein) antibody in combination therapy in a human ovarian carcinoma model. A tumor growth reduction of 78% was obtained in the 46F2SIP/L19-IL2-treated group compared to the control group. We observed that combined treatment was effective in modulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, loss of stemness properties of tumor cells, and in alleviating hypoxia. These effects correlated with reduction of VM structures in tumors from treated mice. Interestingly, the improved pericyte coverage in vascular structures suggested that combined therapy could be efficacious in induction of vessel normalization. These data could pave the way for a possible use of L19-IL2 combined with 46F2SIP antibody as a novel therapeutic strategy in EOC.
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18
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Walker JA, Bohn JJ, Ledesma F, Sorkin MR, Kabaria SR, Thornlow DN, Alabi CA. Substrate Design Enables Heterobifunctional, Dual “Click” Antibody Modification via Microbial Transglutaminase. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:2452-2457. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A. Walker
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 113 Ho Plaza, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - John J. Bohn
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 S Mathews Ave, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Francis Ledesma
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 113 Ho Plaza, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Michelle R. Sorkin
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 113 Ho Plaza, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Sneha R. Kabaria
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 113 Ho Plaza, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Dana N. Thornlow
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 113 Ho Plaza, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Christopher A. Alabi
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 113 Ho Plaza, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
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19
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Tao Y, Wang R, Lai Q, Wu M, Wang Y, Jiang X, Zeng L, Zhou S, Li Z, Yang T, Yao Y, Wu Y, Yu L, Fu Y, Lai W, Peng Y, Lu Y, Zhang Z, Guo C, Zhang G, Gou L, Yang J. Targeting of DDR1 with antibody-drug conjugates has antitumor effects in a mouse model of colon carcinoma. Mol Oncol 2019; 13:1855-1873. [PMID: 31116512 PMCID: PMC6717758 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
DDR1 has been identified as a cancer‐associated receptor tyrosine kinase that is highly expressed in several malignancies relative to normal tissues. Clinically approved multi‐kinase inhibitors, such as nilotinib, inhibit DDR1‐mediated tumor growth in xenograft models, suggesting DDR1 might be a potential target for cancer treatments. Here, we employed an antibody‐based strategy with a novel anti‐DDR1 antibody‐drug conjugate (ADC) for colon carcinoma treatment. We developed T4H11‐DM4, an ADC targeting DDR1 which carries the tubulin inhibitor payload DM4. Immunohistochemical analysis of a tissue microarray containing 100 colon cancer specimens revealed that DDR1 was highly expressed in 81% of tumor tissues. Meanwhile, high expression of DDR1 was associated with poor survival in patients. In vitro, T4H11‐DM4 exhibited potent anti‐proliferative activity with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values in the nanomolar range in a panel of colon cancer cell lines. In vivo, the antitumor efficacy of T4H11‐DM4 was evaluated in three colon cancer cell lines expressing different levels of DDR1. T4H11‐DM4 achieved complete tumor regression at doses of 5 and 10 mg·kg−1 in HT‐29 and HCT116 tumor models. Moreover, a correlation between in vivo efficacy of T4H11‐DM4 and the levels of DDR1 expression on the cell surface was observed. Tumor cell proliferation was caused by the induction of mitotic arrest, indicating that the antitumor effect in vivo was mediated by DM4. In addition, T4H11‐DM4 was efficacious in oxaliplatin‐resistant colon cancer models. In exploratory safety studies, T4H11‐DM4 exhibited no overt toxicities when multi‐doses were administered at 10 mg·kg−1 into BALB/c nude mice or when a single dose up to 50 mg·kg−1 was administered into BALB/c mice. Overall, our findings highlight the potential of DDR1‐targeted ADC and may facilitate the development of a new effective therapeutic strategy for colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruixue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qinhuai Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengdan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lishi Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shijie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tinghan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuqin Yao
- West China School of Public Health and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center/No. 4 West China Teaching Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yangping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Clinical Research Management, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, China
| | - Yuyin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weirong Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujia Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhixiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cuiyu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangbing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lantu Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinliang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Dongguan, China
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20
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Seebacher NA, Stacy AE, Porter GM, Merlot AM. Clinical development of targeted and immune based anti-cancer therapies. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:156. [PMID: 30975211 PMCID: PMC6460662 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1094-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is currently the second leading cause of death globally and is expected to be responsible for approximately 9.6 million deaths in 2018. With an unprecedented understanding of the molecular pathways that drive the development and progression of human cancers, novel targeted therapies have become an exciting new development for anti-cancer medicine. These targeted therapies, also known as biologic therapies, have become a major modality of medical treatment, by acting to block the growth of cancer cells by specifically targeting molecules required for cell growth and tumorigenesis. Due to their specificity, these new therapies are expected to have better efficacy and limited adverse side effects when compared with other treatment options, including hormonal and cytotoxic therapies. In this review, we explore the clinical development, successes and challenges facing targeted anti-cancer therapies, including both small molecule inhibitors and antibody targeted therapies. Herein, we introduce targeted therapies to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), BRAF, and the inhibitors of the T-cell mediated immune response, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)/ PD-1 ligand (PD-1 L).
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Seebacher
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - A E Stacy
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, 2010, Australia
| | - G M Porter
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, 2031, Australia
| | - A M Merlot
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, 2031, Australia. .,School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, 2031, Australia. .,UNSW Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, 2031, Australia.
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21
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Xiao Y, Shi K, Qu Y, Chu B, Qian Z. Engineering Nanoparticles for Targeted Delivery of Nucleic Acid Therapeutics in Tumor. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2019; 12:1-18. [PMID: 30364598 PMCID: PMC6197778 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In the past 10 years, with the increase of investment in clinical nano-gene therapy, there are many trials that have been discontinued due to poor efficacy and serious side effects. Therefore, it is particularly important to design a suitable gene delivery system. In this paper, we introduce the application of liposomes, polymers, and inorganics in gene delivery; also, different modifications with some stimuli-responsive systems can effectively improve the efficiency of gene delivery and reduce cytotoxicity and other side effects. Besides, the co-delivery of chemotherapy drugs with a drug tolerance-related gene or oncogene provides a better theoretical basis for clinical cancer gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Bingyang Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiyong Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
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22
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Meysami P, Rezaei F, Marashi SM, Amiri MM, Bakker E, Mokhtari-Azad T. Antitumor effects of a recombinant baculovirus displaying anti-HER2 scFv expressing Apoptin in HER2 positive SK-BR-3 breast cancer cells. Future Virol 2019. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2018-0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Aim: Since HER2 targeted therapies have shown clinical benefit in breast cancer, in the present study recombinant baculovirus (BV) displaying anti-HER2 single-chain variable domain fragment (scFv) expressing Apoptin was generated. Methods: The binding specificity and surface display of anti-HER2 scFv were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and electron microscopy, respectively. The targeting properties and cytotoxic effect on breast cancer cells determined by fluorescence microscopy and MTT assays. Results: The results demonstrated that recombinant BV could specifically bind to HER2-overexpressing SK-BR-3 cells but not to the HER2 negative MCF-7 cells and reduced the viability of SK-BR-3 cells by expressing Apoptin. Conclusion: These results suggest that the antitumor effect of Apoptin in combination with HER2 targeting of this recombinant BV makes it a promising vector in targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Meysami
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1471613151, Iran
| | - Farhad Rezaei
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1471613151, Iran
| | - Sayed Mahdi Marashi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1471613151, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Amiri
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1471613151, Iran
| | - Emyr Bakker
- School of Medicine, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Talat Mokhtari-Azad
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1471613151, Iran
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23
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Bioprocess development of antibody-drug conjugate production for cancer treatment. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206246. [PMID: 30352095 PMCID: PMC6198984 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) is a class of targeted cancer therapies that combine the advantages of monoclonal antibody (mAb)'s specific targeting and chemotherapy's potent cytotoxicity. The therapeutic effect of ADC is significantly affected by its bioproduction process. This study aims to develop an effective ADC production process using anti-HER2 mAb-drug as a model therapeutic. First, a high titer (>2 g/L) of mAb was produced by Chinese hamster ovary cells from fed-batch cell culture. Both live-cell confocal microscopy imaging and flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that the produced mAb and ADC had strong and specific binding to HER2+ cell line BT474. Second, various conjugation conditions of mAb and drug, including linker selection, ratio of drug and mAb, and conjugation approaches, were investigated to improve the production yield and product quality. Finally, the ADC structure and biological quality were evaluated by SDS-PAGE and anti-breast cancer toxicity study, respectively. The ADC with integral molecular structure and high cytotoxicity (IC50 of 1.95 nM) was produced using the optimized production process. The robust bioproduction process could guide the development of ADC-based biopharmaceuticals.
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24
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The special stemness functions of Tbx3 in stem cells and cancer development. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 57:105-110. [PMID: 30268432 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The T-box factors belong to an ancient protein family, which comprises a cluster of evolutionarily-conserved transcription factors that regulate gene expression and that are crucial to embryonic development. T-box transcription factor 3 (Tbx3) is a member of this family, is expressed in some tissues, and is a key regulator in many critical organs, including the heart, mammary gland, and limbs. Overexpression of Tbx3 is associated with a number of cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, gastric, breast, ovary, cervical, pancreatic, bladder and liver cancers, as well as melanoma. Tbx3 promotes tumor development by modulating cell proliferation, tumor formation, metastasis, cell survival and drug resistance. Moreover, there is strong evidence that Tbx3 regulates stem cell maintenance by controlling stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. Verification of the upstream regulatory factors and potential molecular mechanism of Tbx3, being able to explain the function of Tbx3 in carcinogenic effects and stem cell maintenance, will make a valuable contribution to stem cell and cancer research. This review provides an insight into the current research on Tbx3 and explores the significance of Tbx3 in stem cells and tumorigenesis.
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25
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Zhao P, Wang Y, Wu A, Rao Y, Huang Y. Roles of Albumin-Binding Proteins in Cancer Progression and Biomimetic Targeted Drug Delivery. Chembiochem 2018; 19:1796-1805. [PMID: 29920893 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nutrient transporters have attracted significant attention for their promising application in biomimetic delivery. Due to the active consumption of nutrients, cancer cells generally overexpress nutrient transporters to meet their increased need for energy and materials. For example, albumin-binding proteins (ABPs) are highly overexpressed in malignant cells, stromal cells, and tumor vessel endothelial cells responsible for albumin uptake. ABP (e.g., SPARC) is a promising target for tumor-specific drug delivery, and albumin has been widely used as a biomimetic delivery carrier. Apart from the transportation function, ABPs are closely associated with neoplasia, invasion, and metastasis. Herein, a summary of the roles of ABP in cancer progression and the application of albumin-based biomimetic tumor-targeted delivery through the ABP pathway is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China.,Zhejiang Academy of Medical Science, 182 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou, 310013, P.R. China
| | - Yonghui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
| | - Aihua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
| | - Yuefeng Rao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of the College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, P.R. China
| | - Yongzhuo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
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26
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Wang R, Lai Q, Lu Y, Zhou Y, Tang L, Tao Y, Yao Y, Yu L, Liu Y, Wang Y, Zhang R, Jiang X, Gou L, Yang J. Expression of 5T4 extracellular domain fusion protein and preparation of anti-5T4 monoclonal antibody with high affinity and internalization efficiency. Protein Expr Purif 2018; 158:51-58. [PMID: 29981846 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
5T4, a membrane protein, is overexpressed in many tumor tissues but rarely expressed in normal tissues. Here, CHO-5T4+ cells were generated and served as the antigen to immunize mice. Hybridoma techniques were employed to produce monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). The recombinant protein of human IgG Fc-fused extracellular domain of 5T4 (5T4 ECD-Fc) was obtained from transient expression in HEK293F cells. The fusion protein 5T4 ECD-Fc and CHO-5T4+ cells were respectively utilized to screen anti-5T4 antibodies that could bind to the native antigen. In preliminary screening, three hundred and fifty mAbs were obtained. Via surface plasmon resonance and flow cytometry screening, seven anti-5T4 mAbs stood out. Among them, H6 showed a high affinity (KD = 1.6 × 10-11 M) and internalization percentage (36% for 1 h and 80% for 4 h). The molecular weight and isoelectric point of H6 were determined by LC-MS and iCIEF. Moreover, the specific reactivity of H6 was demonstrated by western blotting, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry, respectively. In conclusion, we produced human recombinant protein of 5T4 extracellular domain and developed high-affinity internalizing monoclonal antibodies which may be applied in the 5T4-targeting ADC therapy and basic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qinhuai Lai
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- The Gastroenterology Tumor and Microenvironment Laboratory, Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Liangze Tang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiran Tao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuqin Yao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Research Center for Public Health and Preventive Medicine, West China School of Public Health and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, NO. 4 West China Teaching Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., China
| | - Lin Yu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruirui Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lantu Gou
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinliang Yang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., China.
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27
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Enhancing bacterial production of a recombinant cetuximab-Fab by partial humanization and its utility for drug conjugation. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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28
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Dai L, Pan Q, Peng Y, Huang S, Liu J, Chen T, Wang X, Chen D, Wang J, Zhu Y, Wang H, Liu Y, Ou Y, Yu X, Cao K. p53 Plays a Key Role in the Apoptosis of Human Ovarian Cancer Cells Induced by Adenovirus-Mediated CRM197. Hum Gene Ther 2018; 29:916-926. [PMID: 29620944 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2017.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cross-reacting material 197 (CRM197) is a mutant form of the diphtheria toxin. Recent studies have found that CRM197 exerts an experimental antitumor effect on several types of tumors. This study applied a novel treatment of adenovirus-mediated CRM197 (AdCRM197) to human ovarian cancer cells. Interestingly, it was found that A2780 cells were sensitive to AdCRM197, but SKOV3 cells were resistant to it. Since SKOV3 cells are p53 deletion cells, while A2780 cells are p53 wild-type cells, it was postulated that p53 might play a key role in AdCRM197-induced apoptosis. This presumption was demonstrated by means of knockdown of p53 of the A2780 cells through lentivirus-mediated RNA interference. This knockdown resulted in the A2780 cells becoming resistant to AdCRM197. To verify this presumption further, the wild-type p53 gene in the SKOV3 cells was replaced with adenovirus-mediated p53 (Adp53). As expected, AdCRM197 plus Adp53 resulted in apoptosis of the SKOV3 cells. The combined treatment of AdCRM197 plus Adp53 also showed a good antitumor effect in the in vivo experiment on nude mice with xenograft tumors. Taking these results together, it is concluded that AdCRM197 induces apoptosis of human ovarian cancer cells via the p53 pathway. Moreover, it was found that Adp53 can reverse the resistance of p53-deletion human ovarian cancer cells to AdCRM197. The combination of AdCRM197 and Adp53 may be a potentially effective method for overcoming the resistance of p53-deficient human ovarian cancer to AdCRM197.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lvxia Dai
- 1 Experiment Teaching Center of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College , Chengdu, China
| | - Qu Pan
- 2 Department of Pathogen Biology, Chengdu Medical College , Chengdu, China
| | - Yanjuan Peng
- 3 Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu Medical College , Chengdu, China
| | - Sizhou Huang
- 4 Development and Regeneration Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Medical College , Chengdu, China
| | - Jianmin Liu
- 5 Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian Chen
- 2 Department of Pathogen Biology, Chengdu Medical College , Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Wang
- 2 Department of Pathogen Biology, Chengdu Medical College , Chengdu, China
| | - Dengbang Chen
- 1 Experiment Teaching Center of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College , Chengdu, China
| | - Jiandong Wang
- 2 Department of Pathogen Biology, Chengdu Medical College , Chengdu, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhu
- 6 School of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College , Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Wang
- 2 Department of Pathogen Biology, Chengdu Medical College , Chengdu, China
| | - Yilun Liu
- 7 Center for Scientific Research , First Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Ou
- 6 School of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College , Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoping Yu
- 6 School of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College , Chengdu, China
| | - Kang Cao
- 2 Department of Pathogen Biology, Chengdu Medical College , Chengdu, China
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29
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Wang R, Lai Q, Tang L, Tao Y, Yao Y, Liu Y, Lu Y, Shen C, Lu R, Fan C, Zhang R, Wang Y, Yu L, Yang T, Wu Y, Peng Y, Wei X, Fu Y, Lai W, Gou L, Yang J. A novel 5T4-targeting antibody-drug conjugate H6-DM4 exhibits potent therapeutic efficacy in gastrointestinal tumor xenograft models. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:610-623. [PMID: 29736307 PMCID: PMC5934552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
5T4, also named as trophoblast glycoprotein, is often upregulated in some cancer cells. Here, we demonstrated that 5T4 was highly expressed in gastric, colorectal, and pancreatic cancer, associated with significantly poor prognosis of gastrointestinal (GI) cancer patients. To search for new targeting drugs for GI cancer, we developed a novel anti-5T4 monoclonal antibody with high affinity and robust internalization ability and conjugated it to the potent microtubule inhibitor DM4 to produce conjugate H6-DM4. This antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) displayed significant cytotoxicity in a panel of GI cancer cell lines with IC50 values in the nanomolar range. H6-DM4 eradicated established GI tumor xenograft models at 2.5 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg without observable toxicity. Further, 5T4 was highly expressed in cancer-initiating cells (CICs) compared with non-CICs in colorectal cancer. In vitro and in vivo, treatment with H6-DM4 exhibited a powerful efficacy on colorectal CICs. Additionally, colorectal cancer cells resistant to platinum were effectively eliminated by H6-DM4. Taken together, our results showed 5T4-positive GI cancer cells, colorectal cancer-initiating cells, and platinum-resistant colorectal cancer cells were potently eliminated by H6-DM4, indicating H6-DM4 may be a potential candidate drug for GI cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
- Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.China
| | - Qinhuai Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Liangze Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Yiran Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Yuqin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
- Research Center for Public Health and Preventive Medicine, West China School of Public Health and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, NO. 4 West China Teaching Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
- Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.China
| | - Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Ying Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Chaoyong Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Ran Lu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Chuanwen Fan
- Institute of Digestive Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Ruirui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Lin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Tinghan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Yangping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Yujia Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Xian Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
- Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical CollegeChengdu, China
| | - Yuyin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Weirong Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Lantu Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Jinliang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
- Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.China
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30
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Zhou Z, Chitneni SK, Devoogdt N, Zalutsky MR, Vaidyanathan G. Fluorine-18 labeling of an anti-HER2 VHH using a residualizing prosthetic group via a strain-promoted click reaction: Chemistry and preliminary evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem 2018. [PMID: 29534937 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study, we evaluated a HER2-specific single domain antibody fragment (sdAb) 2Rs15d labeled with 18F via conjugation of a residualizing prosthetic agent that was synthesized by copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). In order to potentially increase overall efficiency and decrease the time required for labeling, we now investigate the use of a strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) between the 2Rs15d sdAb, which had been pre-derivatized with an azide-containing residualizing moiety, and an 18F-labeled aza-dibenzocyclooctyne derivative. The HER2-targeted sdAb 2Rs15d and a nonspecific sdAb R3B23 were pre-conjugated with a moiety containing both azide- and guanidine functionalities. The thus derivatized sdAbs were radiolabeled with 18F using an 18F-labeled aza-dibenzocyclooctyne derivative ([18F]F-ADIBO) via SPAAC, generating the desired conjugate ([18F]RL-II-sdAb). For comparison, unmodified 2Rs15d was labeled with N-succinimidyl 4-guanidinomethyl-3-[125I]iodobenzoate ([125I]SGMIB), the prototypical residualizing agent for radioiodination. Radiochemical purity (RCP), immunoreactive fraction (IRF), HER2-binding affinity and cellular uptake of [18F]RL-II-2Rs15d were assessed in vitro. Paired label biodistribution of [18F]RL-II-2Rs15d and [125I]SGMIB-2Rs15d, and microPET/CT imaging of [18F]RL-II-2Rs15d and the [18F]RL-II-R3B23 control sdAb were performed in nude mice bearing HER2-expressing SKOV-3 xenografts. A radiochemical yield of 23.9 ± 6.9% (n = 8) was achieved for the SPAAC reaction between [18F]F-ADIBO and azide-modified 2Rs15d and the RCP of the labeled sdAb was >95%. The affinity (Kd) and IRF for the binding of [18F]RL-II-2Rs15d to HER2 were 5.6 ± 1.3 nM and 73.1 ± 22.5% (n = 3), respectively. The specific uptake of [18F]RL-II-2Rs15d by HER2-expressing BT474M1 breast carcinoma cells in vitro was 14-17% of the input dose at 1, 2, and 4 h, slightly higher than seen for co-incubated [125I]SGMIB-2Rs15d. The uptake of [18F]RL-II-2Rs15d in SKOV-3 xenografts at 1 h and 2 h p.i. were 5.54 ± 0.77% ID/g and 6.42 ± 1.70% ID/g, respectively, slightly higher than those for co-administered [125I]SGMIB-2Rs15d (4.80 ± 0.78% ID/g and 4.78 ± 1.39% ID/g). MicroPET/CT imaging with [18F]RL-II-2Rs15d at 1-3 h p.i. clearly delineated SKOV-3 tumors while no significant accumulation of activity in tumor was seen for [18F]RL-II-R3B23. With the exception of kidneys, normal tissue levels for [18F]RL-II-2Rs15d were low and cleared rapidly. To our knowledge, this is the first time SPAAC method has been used to label an sdAb with 18F, especially with residualizing functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyuan Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Satish K Chitneni
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Nick Devoogdt
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michael R Zalutsky
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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31
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Evolution of anti-HER2 therapies for cancer treatment. Cancer Treat Rev 2017; 59:1-21. [PMID: 28715775 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The development of HER2-directed monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors have provided benefits to cancer patients, as well as produced many insights into the biology of the ErbB receptor family. Current therapies based on ErbB family members have resulted in improved overall survival with associated improvements in quality of life for the cancer patients that respond to treatment. Compared to monotherapy using either two antibodies to block the HER2 receptor blockade or combinatorial approaches with HER2 antibodies and standard therapies has provided additional benefits. Despite the therapeutic success of existing HER2 therapies, personalising treatment and overcoming resistance to these therapies remains a significant challenge. The heterogeneous intra-tumoural HER2 expression and lack of fully predictive and prognostic biomarkers remain significant barriers to improving the use of HER2 antibodies. Imaging modalities using radiolabelled pertuzumab and trastuzumab allow quantitative assessment of intra-tumoural HER2 expression, HER2 antibody saturation and the success of different drug delivery systems to be assessed. Molecular imaging with HER2 antibodies has the potential to be a non-invasive, predictive and prognostic technique capable of influencing therapeutic decisions, predicting response and failure of treatments as well as providing insights into receptor recycling and signalling. Similarly, conjugating HER2 antibodies with novel toxic payloads or combining HER2 antibodies with cellular immunotherapy provide exciting new opportunities for the management of tumours overexpressing HER2. Future research will lead to higher therapeutic responses, lower toxicities and providing insight into the mechanisms of resistance to HER2-targeted treatments.
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