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Seifi M, Eskandarloo F, Amdjadi P, Farmany A. Investigation of mechanical properties, remineralization, antibacterial effect, and cellular toxicity of composite orthodontic adhesive combined with silver-containing nanostructured bioactive glass. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:650. [PMID: 38824555 PMCID: PMC11143722 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04402-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The formation of white spots, which represent early carious lesions, is a major issue with fixed orthodontics. The addition of remineralizing agents to orthodontic adhesives may prevent the formation of white spots. The aim of this study was to produce a composite orthodontic adhesive combined with nano-bioactive glass-silver (nBG@Ag) for bracket bonding to enamel and to investigate its cytotoxicity, antimicrobial activity, remineralization capability, and bond strength. METHODS nBG@Ag was synthesized using the sol-gel method, and characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy with an attenuated total reflectance attachment (ATR-FTIR). The cytotoxicity test (MTT) and antimicrobial activity of adhesives containing 1%, 3%, and 5% (wt/wt) nBG@Ag were evaluated, and the shear bond strength of the adhesives was measured using a universal testing machine. Remineralization was assessed through microhardness testing with a Vickers microhardness tester and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Statistical analyses were conducted using the Shapiro-Wilk test, Levene test, one-way ANOVA, Robust-Welch test, Tukey HSD method, and two-way ANOVA. RESULTS The biocompatibility of the adhesives was found to be high, as confirmed by the lack of significant differences in the cytotoxicity between the sample and control groups. Discs made from composites containing nBG@Ag exhibited a significant reduction in the growth of Streptococcus mutans (p < 0.05), and the antibacterial activity increased with higher percentages of nBG@Ag. The shear bond strength of the adhesives decreased significantly (p < 0.001) after the addition of nanoparticles, but it remained above the recommended value. The addition of nBG@Ag showed improvement in the microhardness of the teeth, although the differences in microhardness between the study groups were not statistically significant. The formation of hydroxyapatite deposits on the tooth surface was confirmed through SEM and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). CONCLUSION Adding nBG@Ag to orthodontic adhesives can be an effective approach to enhance antimicrobial activity and reduce enamel demineralization around the orthodontic brackets, without compromising biocompatibility and bond strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massoud Seifi
- Dentofacial Deformities Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Eskandarloo
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Parisa Amdjadi
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Farmany
- Dental Implant Research Center, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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Gümüştaş B, Birant S, Şişmanoğlu S. Ultrastructural investigation of the effect of toothpastes containing different remineralizing agents on demineralized enamel. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2024; 36:663-672. [PMID: 37846764 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.13150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of remineralizing agents on demineralized enamel intended for use as fluoride substitutes or supplements for oral hygiene applications. METHODOLOGY Enamel samples were obtained from 30 bovine teeth. The enamel blocks were stored in 20 mL of demineralization solution for 72 h. They were then brushed with the following toothpaste for the remineralization protocol: NaF, NaF/SnF2 combination, NovaMin, or nano-hydroxyapatite. SEM/EDX examinations and microhardness measurements of the samples were performed to investigate the remineralization efficacy of the studied toothpaste. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc Tukey's HSD test was used to analyze the change in microhardness values in different remineralization protocols (p < 0.05). RESULTS Differences in the mean remineralization (%RP) and hardness recovery (%HR) were determined between the groups (p < 0.05). Groups 1 and 4 showed significant differences in %RP (p < 0.05). In the SEM/EDX examinations, the samples treated with n-HAp showed an accumulation of crystal deposits on the enamel surface, although at a lower density than those treated with NaF and NaF/SnF2 combination. CONCLUSION The remineralization strategy in toothpaste plays an important role in enamel remineralization. NovaMin-containing toothpaste showed positive effects on the enamel surface with better Ca/P ratio. Toothpastes containing n-HAp triggered less change in the increase of microhardness values compared to other toothpastes. The use of SnF2 in toothpaste in combination with NaF significantly increased the binding of fluoride to demineralized enamel compared to toothpaste containing NaF alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Gümüştaş
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sinem Birant
- Department of Pedodontics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Soner Şişmanoğlu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
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AlBuraiki MJ, Ingle NA, Baseer MA, Al Mugeiren OM, Minervini G. Long term remineralizing effect of casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate in white spot lesions: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Technol Health Care 2024; 32:1239-1254. [PMID: 37599550 DOI: 10.3233/thc-230722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND White spot lesions (WSLs) appear as white, opaque areas on the teeth and are caused by a demineralization of the enamel. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine whether casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) has beneficial effects on WSLs and provides remineralizing benefits that are superior to those of placebo or no treatment. METHODS Following a thorough analysis of the literature across major online sources, 103 papers - 54 of which underwent in-depth evaluation - were found. We used inclusion and exclusion criteria to choose research articles that were appropriate for our review. RESULTS 10 papers met this review's requirements and were subsequently included. As compared to the controls, CPP-ACP demonstrated increased efficacy in treatment of WSLs in terms of remineralisation and other parameters which included microhardness tests and enamel surface roughness. The forest plots present the results of meta-analyses comparing the effect of CPP-ACP versus control/other agents on white spot lesions (WSLs). In terms of odds ratios (OR), CPP-ACP showed a small increase in the odds of WSLs compared to control/other agents. In-vitro studies showed no significant difference in relative risk (RR) between CPP-ACP and control/other agents. Randomized control trials indicated a small increase in the risk of WSLs with CPP-ACP treatment, but the overall effect was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION There was evidence to support the use of CPP-ACP over other agents for WSL prevention or treatment, but further research is needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meisam Jehad AlBuraiki
- Preventive Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Navin Anand Ingle
- Preventive Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Abdul Baseer
- Preventive Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osamah M Al Mugeiren
- Preventive Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Giuseppe Minervini
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania, Naples, Italy
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Tebyaniyan H, Hussain A, Vivian M. Current antibacterial agents in dental bonding systems: a comprehensive overview. Future Microbiol 2023; 18:825-844. [PMID: 37668450 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2022-0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is mainly caused by oral biofilm acid, and the most common dental restoration treatment is composite dental restorations. The main cause of failure is secondary caries adjacent to the restoration. Long-term survival of dental materials is improved by the presence of antibacterial agents, which selectively inhibit bacterial growth or survival. Chemical, natural and biomaterials have been studied for their antimicrobial activities and antibacterial bonding agents have been improved. Their usage has been increased to inhibit the growth of invading and residual bacteria in the oral cavity, as biofilm accumulation increases the risk of treatment failure. In this article, the success and applications of antibacterial agents are discussed in dental bonding systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Tebyaniyan
- Department of Science & Research, Islimic Azade University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmed Hussain
- School of Dentistry, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Mark Vivian
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E4, Canada
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Guma E, Kiliaridis S, Scherrer SS, Antonarakis GS. An In Vitro Evaluation of the Effects of Air-Polishing Powders on Sound and Demineralised Enamel. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4811. [PMID: 37445125 DOI: 10.3390/ma16134811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effects of two air-polishing powders, during orthodontic treatment, on the surface roughness of sound and demineralised enamel. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-two caries-free human molars were collected, and the enamel surfaces were flattened and polished. Teeth were assigned to two groups (n = 21 each), a sound- and a demineralised-enamel group (subjected to pH-cycling over 2 weeks to create artificially induced white spot-like lesions). Within each group, teeth were further assigned to three groups (n = 7 each), air polished with either sodium bicarbonate, erythritol, or a negative control (water). Each sample was treated for 5 and 150 s. The average surface roughness (Ra) for each sample was measured using white-light-sensor profilometry. RESULTS On sound enamel, the Ra was roughly 0.17 ± 0.07 μm. After 150 s of air polishing, the Ra increased with erythritol (by 0.28 μm), and even more so with bicarbonate treatment (by 0.68 μm) (p < 0.01). On demineralised enamel, the Ra was roughly 0.79 ± 0.56 μm. The Ra increased after 5 s of air-polishing treatment similarly with erythritol and bicarbonate powders (by 1.03 μm and 1.04 μm, respectively) (p = 0.025), and even more after 150 s (by 2.48 μm and 2.49 μm, respectively) (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS On white spot lesions, one should be aware that enamel surface roughness will increase with both erythritol and bicarbonate air-polishing powders, especially with longer exposure times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elton Guma
- Division of Orthodontics, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stavros Kiliaridis
- Division of Orthodontics, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Susanne S Scherrer
- Division of Fixed Prosthetics and Biomaterials, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gregory S Antonarakis
- Division of Orthodontics, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
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Karaoulani K, Dionysopoulos D, Tolidis K, Kouros P, Konstantinidis A, Hill R. Effect of air-abrasion pretreatment with three bioactive materials on enamel susceptibility to erosion by artificial gastric juice. Dent Mater 2022; 38:1218-1231. [PMID: 35715245 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of the study was to investigate the protective effect of three in-office preventive treatments with bioactive materials against enamel erosion induced by artificial gastric juice similar to that found in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) patients. The treatments included air-abrasion of enamel with a fluoride-containing bioactive glass (BioMinF®), Bioglass 45S5 (ProSylc) and nano-hydroxyapatite (MI Pearls) to test enamel susceptibility following an erosive challenge. METHODS Enamel surface loss was evaluated using confocal microscopy, while changes in enamel surface roughness and morphology were also investigated after the treatments. SEM and EDS were used to observe formation of apatite crystals on enamel and to detect alterations in mineral composition. In Group 1 (negative control) the specimens did not receive any treatment; Group 2 specimens (positive control) treated with 0.4 % SnF2, while in Groups 3-5 enamel was air-abraded with BioMinF®, ProSylc and MI Pearls, respectively. RESULTS All the experimental groups reduced significantly enamel surface loss compared to the negative control group (p < 0.05), except for the MI Pearls treatment (p > 0.05). The most protective behavior against erosion presented the treatment with SnF2. BioMinF induced the larger amount of apatite crystals on the enamel surface, followed by ProSylc. SIGNIFICANCE BioMinF and ProSylc treatments may be beneficial against dental erosion induced by gastric juice in GERD patients, while MI Pearls treatment may not suitable for this indication. Both materials promote formation of apatite crystals on enamel in acidic conditions protecting the surface from the erosion. The tested treatments may be useful in GERD patients who cannot comply with at-home therapies with SnF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinia Karaoulani
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Dionysopoulos
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Kosmas Tolidis
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Pantelis Kouros
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Avraam Konstantinidis
- Department of Civil Engineering, Division of Structural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Robert Hill
- Institute of Dentistry, Dental Physical Sciences Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Aref NS, Alrasheed MK. Casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate and universal adhesive resin as a complementary approach for management of white spot lesions: an in-vitro study. Prog Orthod 2022; 23:10. [PMID: 35307802 PMCID: PMC8934900 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-022-00404-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background White spot lesion (WSL) is the most common consequence during and after orthodontic treatment. This study was conducted to investigate the ability of casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) coupled with universal adhesive resin to treat white spot lesions. Material and methods Forty-five extracted premolars were sectioned to create 90 specimens. Seventy-five specimens were demineralized to generate artificially created WSLs. Different strategies have been applied for the management of the artificially created WSLs. Six experimental groups were employed: Group I: sound enamel (control), Group II: demineralized enamel (artificially-created WSLs), Group III: ICON resin-treated WSLs, Group IV: CPP-ACP-treated WSLs, Group V: universal adhesive resin-treated WSLs, and Group VI: CPP-ACP followed by universal adhesive resin-treated WSLs. Assessment of color stability using a spectrophotometer, surface microhardness using a Vickers tester, and surface roughness using a profilometer was done. The surface topography of representative specimens from each experimental group was inspected using a scanning electron microscope. Collected data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test at p ≤ 0.05. Results White spot lesions treated with CPP-ACP and subsequently coated with universal adhesive resin (Group VI) exhibited a significantly lower ΔE than both CPP-ACP (Group IV) and universal adhesive resin-treated (Group V) groups (p ≤ 0.05), but it was not significantly different from the ICON resin-treated group (Group III). For surface microhardness, WSLs treated with CPP-ACP and consequently coated with universal adhesive resin (Group VI) recorded the highest mean that was significantly different from both ICON resin (Group III) and universal adhesive resin-treated (Group V) groups (p ≤ 0.05). All the tested strategies (ICON resin, CPP-ACP, universal adhesive resin, and CPP-ACP followed by universal adhesive resin) significantly lowered the surface roughness of the WSLs (p ≤ 0.05), while no significant difference was detected among them. Conclusions Combining a considerable caries remineralizing program using CPP-ACP with subsequent universal adhesive resin infiltration could be a promising approach to manage WSLs efficiently through increasing surface microhardness and restoring esthetic while developing a smoother surface.
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Hoppe J, Lehmann T, Hennig CL, Schulze-Späte U, Jacobs C. Shear bond strength after using sealant before bonding: a systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro studies. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:1-11. [PMID: 34981251 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04165-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Decalcification during orthodontic treatment is significantly increased. To prevent this negative impact, new treatments with sealants before bonding brackets are commonly been used. This systematic review discusses current knowledge on shear bond strength when using sealant before bonding. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to identify studies that address shear bond strength after using a sealant before bonding brackets. The search was carried out using common electronic databases in addition to individual searches. Both screening and study eligibility analysis were performed according to PRISMA and Cochrane Guidelines for systematic reviews. Several terms describing shear bond strength after using a sealant before bonding brackets were searched. Particular attention was paid to bond failure and bracket loss. For the statistical outcome, all results were shown in a forest plot based on standardized mean differences (SMD) with a random-effects model to respect heterogeneity of these studies. To assess the heterogeneity of the different trials, I2-value and the Q-Test were performed. RESULTS The initial search identified 416 studies. After a thorough selection process, a total of 15 articles met the inclusion criteria. All 15 articles reported results of in vitro studies. Papers were divided into four subgroups according to their used product: ProSeal, Transbond bonding, the combination of Transbond bonding and ProSeal and Clearfil Protect Bond. The results of this review demonstrate a high heterogeneity of the studies. The SMD of the examined 15 articles show nearly no difference between the control and the intervention groups in shear bond strength (p < 0.0001; OR - 0.12; Cl - 0.47-0.23). Forest plots for comparison of the subgroups depict no difference in shear bond strength as well. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis concludes that there is no additive benefit for shear bond strength when using sealant before bonding. However, additional randomized controlled studies should be performed to analyze impact of sealants on bonding strength and bracket loss in more detail. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Using sealants before orthodontic bonding does not reduce shear bond strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Hoppe
- Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dental Medicine, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, An der alten Post 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Lehmann
- Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer Science and Data Sciences, University of Jena, Bachstraße 18, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Christoph-Ludwig Hennig
- Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dental Medicine, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, An der alten Post 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrike Schulze-Späte
- Section of Geriodontics, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center of Dental Medicine, University Hospital Jena, An der alten Post 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Collin Jacobs
- Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dental Medicine, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, An der alten Post 4, 07743, Jena, Germany.
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Should local drug delivery systems be used in dentistry? Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 12:1395-1407. [PMID: 34545538 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-01053-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In dentistry, the use of biomaterial-based drug delivery systems (DDS) aiming the release of the active compounds directly to the site of action is slowly getting more awareness among the scientific and medical community. Emerging technologies including nanotechnological platforms are offering novel approaches, but the majority are still in the proof-of-concept stage. This study critically reviews the potential use of DDS in anesthesiology, oral diseases, cariology, restorative dentistry, periodontics, endodontics, implantology, fixed and removable prosthodontics, and orthodontics with a special focus on infections. It also stresses the gaps and challenges faced. Despite numerous clinical and pharmacological advantages, some disadvantages of DDS pose an obstacle to their widespread use. The biomaterial's biofunctionality may be affected when the drug is incorporated and may cause an additional risk of toxicity. Also, the release of sub-therapeutic levels of drugs such as antibiotics may lead to microbial resistance. Multiple available techniques for the manufacture of DDS may affect drug release profiles and their bioavailability. If the benefits outweigh the costs, DDS may be potentially used to prevent or treat oral pathologies as an alternative to conventional strategies. A case-by-case approach must be followed.
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Evaluation of a newly developed calcium fluoride nanoparticles-containing orthodontic primer: An in-vitro study. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 122:104691. [PMID: 34298453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fluoride and calcium ions have the ability to reduce the formation of white spot lesions (WSL) in enamel. This study aimed to develop a novel orthodontic primer that incorporates calcium fluoride nanoparticles (nCaF2) and investigate its cytotoxic and physical properties as this primer could enhance the remineralization process when used with the conventional acid etching technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three groups of the newly introduced primers were prepared by adding and mixing nCaF2 (Nanoshell Company, USA at 5%, 10%, 20% in weight) to Transbond™ XT orthodontic primers (3M-Unitek, Monrovia, USA). X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) was performed to verify and evaluate the phase of the nanopowders. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) observation was used to assess the homogeneity of tested primers, and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) was performed to analyze elements of the prepared samples. The three primer groups were compared to the control primer (without the addition of nCaF2) in terms of cytotoxic behavior, homogeneity, agglomeration, shear bond strength (SBS), and adhesive remnant index (ARI). RESULTS nCaF2 primers with all the prepared concentrations revealed good homogeneity with no apparent agglomeration after four months of mixing. Cytotoxicity of the new primers was higher than that of the control primer, but it was within the accepted limits of the ISO standards (70% cell viability). While the SBS and ARI values were comparable with the control primer (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The newly developed orthodontic primers with different concentrations of nCaF2 (5%, 10%, and 20%) showed a homogenous distribution of nCaF2 within the primers with no apparent agglomeration, acceptable cytotoxic level, adequate SBS, and ARI. Future clinical testing of nCaF2-containing orthodontic primer as a preventive measure for WSLs during fixed orthodontic treatment is suggested.
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Theerasopon P, Lindauer SJ, Charoemratrote C. Separation of aligning and leveling stages to control mandibular incisor inclination: A randomized clinical trial. Dental Press J Orthod 2021; 26:e2119378. [PMID: 33950082 PMCID: PMC8103905 DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.26.2.e2119378.oar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether separating the alignment and leveling phases can reduce proclination of the mandibular incisors. METHODS Eligibility criteria included Class I subjects with an irregularity index of 3-5 mm, 3-4 mm curve-of-Spee (COS), and non-extraction treatment. Thirty adults were randomly allocated into two groups: (1) Control group was leveled and aligned simultaneously with flat archwires progressively to 0.016x0.022-in stainless-steel; (2) Experimental group was aligned first with 0.014-in-superelastic NiTi with mild accentuated COS, then leveled using 0.016x0.022-in beta-titanium accentuated COS archwires and gradually reduced the curve until flat. Mandibular incisor position and inclination were evaluated by cephalometric analysis. COS and irregularity index were evaluated in study models. Assessment was conducted twice after 0.016-in NiTi and after 0.016x0.022-in stainless-steel archwire placements. Dental changes from cephalograms and models were compared within group using paired t-test and between groups using independent t-test. RESULTS Control group: Round-wire-phase, mandibular incisors tipped labially (4.38° and 1 mm) with intrusion (-1.13 mm); Rectangular-wire-phase, mandibular incisors further intruded and proclined (-0.63 mm and 1.38°). Experimental group: During aligning with round accentuated COS archwires, mandibular incisors tipped very slightly labially (0.75° and 0.50 mm) with no significant intrusion; during leveling with rectangular archwires, incisors majorly intruded (1.75 mm) with slight proclination (1.81°). The experimental group had significant less incisor proclination (control: 5.76°, experimental: 2.56°) with more incisor intrusion (control: -1.75 mm, experimental: -2.13 mm). The COS in experimental group showed significant greater reduction (-2.88 mm) than that of the control group (-1.69 mm). CONCLUSION In control group, mandibular incisor proclination was markedly observed in round archwires, with further proclination caused by rectangular archwires. In experimental group, minimal proclination was exhibited when accentuated COS round archwires were used for aligning. Leveling with rectangular archwires caused less proclination with more COS reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornpat Theerasopon
- University of Phayao, School of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics (Phayao, Thailand)
| | - Steven J Lindauer
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics (Richmond/VA, USA)
| | - Chairat Charoemratrote
- Prince of Songkla University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Preventive Dentistry (Songkhla, Thailand)
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Ajami S, Habibagahi R, Khashei R, Soroorian M. Evaluation of flexural strength and antibacterial effect of orthodontic acrylic resins containing Galla chinensis extract. Dental Press J Orthod 2021; 25:43-48. [PMID: 33503124 PMCID: PMC7869800 DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.25.6.043-048.oar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate different concentrations of Galla chinensis
extract (GCE) added to poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), which is widely
used for fabrication of removable orthodontic appliances, regarding the
effectiveness of this herbal extract on antimicrobial effect and flexural
strength of PMMA. Methods: Acrylic resin samples containing 0.4%, 0.8% and 1.6% GCE were prepared.
Flexural strength was investigated via three-point flexural strength test
for the 15 acrylic resin blocks of each concentration. Disk diffusion test
was used to evaluate antibacterial effects of incorporating the same
concentrations of GCE into acrylic resin. All these three groups were
compared with the control group, with no added GCE, regarding flexural
strength and antibacterial properties. Results: Comparison of flexural strength between the three study groups and the
control group showed significant differences between the groups (P=0.018).
However, there was no significant difference between the groups containing
GCE. There were significant differences in antimicrobial activity between
the four groups (P=0.026). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, it is suggested that incorporation of
GCE into PMMA would be beneficial for antimicrobial activity and flexural
strength of PMMA, but further studies on other physical properties and
antimicrobial effects on other bacterial strain would be beneficial prior to
clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Ajami
- Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Orthodontic Research Center, Dental School (Shiraz, Iran)
| | - Raha Habibagahi
- Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Orthodontic Research Center, Dental School (Shiraz, Iran)
| | - Reza Khashei
- Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Bacteriology and Virology (Shiraz, Iran)
| | - Malihe Soroorian
- Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Orthodontic Research Center, Dental School (Shiraz, Iran)
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13
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Eslamian L, Borzabadi-Farahani A, Karimi S, Saadat S, Badiee MR. Evaluation of the Shear Bond Strength and Antibacterial Activity of Orthodontic Adhesive Containing Silver Nanoparticle, an In-Vitro Study. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10081466. [PMID: 32727028 PMCID: PMC7466539 DOI: 10.3390/nano10081466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of incorporating silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into conventional orthodontic adhesive on its antibacterial activity and the shear bond strength (SBS) to stainless steel orthodontic brackets. Thirty-four extracted premolars were randomly allocated into two groups (n = 17). Orthodontic adhesive (Transbond XT, 3M Unitek) was blended with AgNPs (50 nm, 0.3% w/w) to form a nano-adhesive. In order to bond stainless steel twin brackets (0.022-inch, American Orthodontics), Transbond XT (n = 17) and nano-adhesive (n = 17) were used in each group, respectively, after acid etching (37% phosphoric acid, 30 s) and rinsing with water (15 s). SBS and the adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were recorded. Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans in both groups after 24 h and 30 days was assessed (Disc agar diffusion test) and the inhibition zone diameter around each specimen was measured and recorded. Adding AgNPs significantly (p = 0.009) reduced the mean (SD) SBS in the nano-adhesive group [10.51(7.15) MPa] compared to Transbond XT [17.72(10.55) MPa]. The ARI scores on the Transbond XT and nano-adhesive showed no statistically significant difference (p = 0.322). Nano-adhesive with AgNPs showed significant antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans at 24 h and 30 days (p < 0.001). In both groups, no significant decline in the zones of inhibition was detected after 30 days (p = 0.907). The findings suggest that SBS decreased after incorporation of AgNPs [0.3% (w/w)], but was still above the recommended SBS of 5.9–7.8 MPa. The nano-adhesive showed significant antibacterial activity which did not change much after 30 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladan Eslamian
- Dentofacial Deformities Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19857-17443, Iran;
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19857-17443, Iran;
| | - Ali Borzabadi-Farahani
- Orthodontics, Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00183 Rome, Italy
- Private Practice, Finchley Orthodontics, North Finchley, London N12 9EN, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Shahedeh Karimi
- School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19857-17443, Iran; (S.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Sepideh Saadat
- School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19857-17443, Iran; (S.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Mohammad Reza Badiee
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19857-17443, Iran;
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Alamri A, Salloot Z, Alshaia A, Ibrahim MS. The Effect of Bioactive Glass-Enhanced Orthodontic Bonding Resins on Prevention of Demineralization: A Systematic Review. Molecules 2020; 25:E2495. [PMID: 32471284 PMCID: PMC7321359 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, bioactive glasses (BAGs) are demonstrating promising results in the remineralization of hard tissues. Their bioactive properties can potentially overcome the demineralization effect accompanying orthodontic treatment. This review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of bioactive glass enhanced orthodontic bonding resins on enamel remineralization, in addition to their antibacterial, ion release and acid neutralization effect. Four databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science and Scopus) were searched. Two hundred and fifty-one full-text articles were screened independently, out of which seven studies satisfied the inclusion criteria. Quality appraisal was performed by two independent reviewers. Methodologies used to assess the anti-demineralization effect included Micro-Computed Tomography, Polarized Light Microscopy and Hardness Testing (Knoop and Berkovich). All seven articles confirmed the superior remineralization effect of BAG orthodontic bonding resins compared to their non-BAG counterparts. A proportional relationship was proved between BAG concentrations and increased anti-demineralization effect. The addition of antibacterial agents to BAG does not necessarily improve its anti-demineralization effect. Although studies have confirmed the effectiveness of BAG orthodontic bonding resins on enamel remineralization, there was a degree of heterogeneity across studies due to the lack of an in vitro studies standardized protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz Alamri
- Preventive Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (Z.S.)
| | - Zainah Salloot
- Preventive Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (Z.S.)
| | - Alaa Alshaia
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Maria Salem Ibrahim
- Preventive Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (Z.S.)
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15
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Krasniqi S, Sejdini M, Stubljar D, Jukic T, Ihan A, Aliu K, Aliu X. Antimicrobial Effect of Orthodontic Materials on Cariogenic Bacteria Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Med Sci Monit Basic Res 2020; 26:e920510. [PMID: 31959737 PMCID: PMC6993557 DOI: 10.12659/msmbr.920510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND White spot lesions (WSLs) are a common complication after orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to characterize and compare the antimicrobial properties of selenium-containing vs. fluoride-containing orthodontic materials. MATERIAL AND METHODS Antibacterial efficacy of orthodontic materials (SeLECT Defense bonding agent, Adhesive agent, Band Cement, Transbond Plus SEP bonding agent, Transbond Plus Adhesive agent, Fuji I Band cement, Fuji Ortho LC Adhesive agent, Ortho Solo Bonding agent, Transbond XT bonding agent, and Transbond XT primer) was tested with the inhibition of 2 bacterial strains: S. mutans (ATCC 10449) and L. acidophilus (ATCC 4356). The antimicrobial efficacy of the materials was measured by agar diffusion test. The diameters of inhibition zones around each disk were measured in millimeters (mm). RESULTS Materials containing selenium and fluoride showed significant differences from the negative control (both p<0.001). Orthodontic materials containing fluoride as a potential antimicrobial agent showed larger zones of inhibition in total (9.1±2.6 mm), the selenium group was the second-most effective (4.7±4.9 mm), and the group without any potential antimicrobial agent showed the least antimicrobial effect (0.9±1.0 mm). Materials from the group with no antibacterial agent were not significantly different from the negative control group (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Materials containing selenium carried the most significance when comparing microorganisms with the agent, since they were the only ones showing difference between the 2 microorganisms. They showed statistically significant difference in efficacy against S. mutans, and poor antimicrobial effect against L. acidophilus. These data suggest that orthodontic materials containing selenium might have the potential to prevent WSLs due to their antimicrobial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sokol Krasniqi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Pristina, Pristina, Kosovo
| | - Milaim Sejdini
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Pristina, Pristina, Kosovo
| | - David Stubljar
- Department of Research and Development, In-Medico, Metlika, Slovenia
| | - Tomislav Jukic
- Department of Internal Medicine, History of Medicine and Medical Ethics, Faculty of Medicine, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Alojz Ihan
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Kaltrina Aliu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Pristina, Pristina, Kosovo
| | - Xhevdet Aliu
- Faculty of Dentistry, University for Business and Technology, Pristina, Kosovo
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16
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In Vitro Effect of Gallium-Doped Bioactive Glass on Enamel Anti-Demineralization and Bond Strength of Orthodontic Resins. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9224918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
White spot lesions (WSL) that occur on teeth after orthodontic appliances have been attached are caused by bacterial demineralization of the enamel surface. This study investigated the anti-demineralization effect of orthodontic resins containing mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (MBN) doped with gallium, which has antibacterial activity, as well as MBN with increased calcium and phosphate contents as these ions can remineralize enamel. Resins (CF, CharmFill Flow, Dentkist, Seoul, South Korea) containing 1%, 3%, and 5% Ga-doped MBN (GaMBN) were characterized using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and isothermal tests, and their physical properties were measured in terms of Vickers microhardness, bracket retention force, and adhesive remnant index (ARI). Cell viability in the resins was confirmed by testing human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs), and ion release tests were performed after 1, 7, and 14 days to determine whether the resins released Ga3+, Ca2+, and PO43–. After 14 days, antibacterial activity was determined using Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans)—the bacteria that causes tooth decay—and the chemical remineralization effect was investigated using a cycle of acid–base solutions. The microhardness of the resins increased with GaMBN concentration whereas their bracket retention force, ARI, and cell viability remained unchanged. The bacterial activity of the 5%-GaMBN resin decreased after 24 and 48 h; however, the change in activity was not statistically significant. Anti-demineralization testing demonstrated that the degree of enamel demineralization decreased as the GaMBN concentration increased, which indicates that resins containing 5%-GaMBN may be viable orthodontic adhesives for preventing WSLs.
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17
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Ibrahim AI, Thompson VP, Deb S. A Novel Etchant System for Orthodontic Bracket Bonding. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9579. [PMID: 31270352 PMCID: PMC6610079 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45980-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic treatment is widely used to correct irregular teeth and/or jaw discrepancies to improve oral function and facial aesthetics. However, it is frequently associated with enamel damage that include chipping, demineralisation, and white spot formation. So far, current bonding systems that can maintain shear bond strengths (SBS) suitable for clinical performance are unable to limit enamel demineralisation, adhesive remnants and damage caused on removal of brackets after treatment. This study reports a novel "safe enamel etch" clinically viable procedure that was accomplished via application of novel etchant pastes developed with β-tricalcium phosphate and monocalcium phosphate monohydrate powders mixed with citric acid (5 M) or phosphoric acid (37% PA) to yield BCA and BPA etchants respectively. Although enamel etched with clinically used PA gel yielded higher SBS than the BCA/BPA etchants, it exhibited greater adhesive remnants with evidence of enamel damage. In contrast, the experimental etchants resulted in unblemished enamel surfaces with zero or minimal adhesive residue and clinically acceptable SBS. Furthermore, the BPA etchant caused lower enamel decalcification with extensive calcium-phosphate precipitation. The study conclusively showed that BPA facilitated in vitro enamel adhesion without detrimental effects of the aggressive PA gel with potential for remineralisation and saving time at the post-debonding step.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Ibrahim
- Centre for Oral, Clinical and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - V P Thompson
- Centre for Oral, Clinical and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - S Deb
- Centre for Oral, Clinical and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
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18
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Nam HJ, Kim YM, Kwon YH, Yoo KH, Yoon SY, Kim IR, Park BS, Son WS, Lee SM, Kim YI. Fluorinated Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles: Enamel Demineralization Prevention and Antibacterial Effect of Orthodontic Bonding Resin. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12111813. [PMID: 31167432 PMCID: PMC6600697 DOI: 10.3390/ma12111813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Orthodontic treatment involving the bonding of fixed appliances to tooth surfaces can cause white spot lesions (WSLs). WSLs increase the likelihood of cavity formation and hence require preservation and prosthetic restoration. Therefore, the prevention of WSLs is of greater importance than treatment. Application of fluoride or the use of fluoride-containing mouthwash can prevent WSLs, but this requires patient cooperation and additional time and cost. Bioactive glass containing 2.5% fluoride was synthesized and mixed with the orthodontic bonding adhesive Transbond XT Low Flow (LV) at ratios of 1, 3, and 5% to prepare orthodontic adhesive samples. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the samples. The Vickers hardness test, bracket retention test, and adhesive remnant index (ARI) of the samples were analysed to determine their mechanical properties. To determine the biological cytotoxicity, the cell activity of the samples was evaluated using cell viability tests and the antibacterial activity was analysed using Streptococcus mutans. To evaluate the anti-demineralization effect, the sample was bonded to extracted teeth and a pH cycle test was performed. Micro computed tomography data were obtained from the bonded teeth and sample, and the anti-demineralization effect was evaluated using the ImageJ software program. The Vickers hardness of the sample was higher than that of LV and was dependent on the concentration of fluoride-containing bioactive glass (FBAG). The bracket retention test and ARI of the sample showed no significant differences from those of LV. The cell viability test showed no significant changes at 24 and 48 h after application of the sample. The fluoride ion release test indicated an ion release rate of 9.5–17.4 μg/cm2. The antibacterial activity of the experimental group containing FBAG was significantly higher than that of the LV group. The anti-demineralization test showed a concentration-dependent increase. However, the resin containing 5 mass% FBAG (FBAG5) showed a statistically-significant increase compared with LV. The orthodontic adhesive containing FBAG showed antibacterial and anti-demineralization effects, thus indicating possible WSL prevention activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Jin Nam
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
| | - You-Min Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
| | - Yong Hoon Kwon
- Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
| | - Kyung-Hyeon Yoo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Seog-Young Yoon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - In-Ryoung Kim
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
| | - Bong-Soo Park
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
| | - Woo-Sung Son
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
| | - Seung-Min Lee
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
| | - Yong-Il Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
- Institute of Translational Dental Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
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19
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Enamel Surface Remineralization Effect by Fluorinated Graphite and Bioactive Glass-Containing Orthodontic Bonding Resin. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12081308. [PMID: 31013602 PMCID: PMC6515273 DOI: 10.3390/ma12081308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
All orthodontic appliances are potentially cariogenic. The plaque around the orthodontic appliance can make demineralization on tooth surface causing white spot lesion (WSL). The most effective method to prevent WSL is Fluoride appliance and gargling, but this requires patient cooperation, which consumes additional treatment time and cost. As suggested in this study, biomaterials like bioactive glass and fluorinated graphite (FGt) having antibacterial and anti-demineralization ability effective and easy to use in the clinic. To clinically use orthodontic bonding resins containing Graphite Fluoride BAG (FGtBAG), its properties, biological stability, antimicrobial activity, and remineralization effect must be verified. BAG was mixed with 2.5% FGt containing 51 to 61% fluorine. This mixture was mixed with the CharmFill Flow (CF) in the ratios of 1, 3, and 5 wt%. Microhardness and shear bond strength tests were performed to evaluate its mechanical properties. MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetra) assay was performed for evaluating its safety. Streptococcus mutans, which is major cariogen by producing lactic acid, was evaluated for antibacterial ability of reducing WSL. In addition, x-ray images were obtained by CBCT (Cone beam computed tomography) after a pH cycle. The remineralization effect was verified in vivo and by Image J. FGtBAG did not differ significantly from CF in mechanical tests. The MTT assay found no significant differences between the groups. The antibacterial activity of FGtBAG at 24 h and 48 h was significantly higher than that of CF. The fluoride release rate tended to increase with the FGtBAG content. The pH cycle results showed that FGtBAG had higher concentration-dependent remineralization effect than CF. The results of this study suggests that orthodontic resins containing FGtBAG can prevent WSL owing to their antibacterial activity and remineralization effect.
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20
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Taha A, Fleming P, Hill R, Patel M. Enamel Remineralization with Novel Bioactive Glass Air Abrasion. J Dent Res 2018; 97:1438-1444. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034518792048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Enamel demineralization or white spot lesions (WSLs) are a frequent complication associated with fixed appliance–based orthodontic treatment. The remineralization potential of a novel fluoride-containing bioactive glass (QMAT3) propelled via an air abrasion system was compared with Sylc glass and artificial saliva on artificially induced WSLs. Thirty extracted human premolars were randomly assigned into 3 groups ( n = 10) per method of treatment and scanned with optical coherence tomography and noncontact profilometer in the 4 enamel states: sound, demineralized, after glass propulsion, and after immersion in artificial saliva. Knoop hardness testing was also performed. Twenty additional prepared teeth samples were also randomly selected for examination by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (2 teeth per technique) under each of the 4 enamel conditions. 19F MAS-NMR (magic angle spinning–nuclear magnetic resonance) was also used to detect the type of apatite formed on the enamel surface. Significant enamel remineralization with surface roughness and intensity of light backscattering similar to that of sound enamel was observed following treatment with QMAT3. In addition, mineral deposits were detected on the remineralized enamel surfaces, forming a protective layer and improving its hardness. This layer was rich in calcium, phosphate, and fluoride; 19F MAS-NMR confirmed the formation of fluorapatite. This finding is particularly beneficial since fluorapatite is more chemically stable than hydroxyapatite and has greater resistance to acid attack. Hence, a promising fluoride-containing bioactive glass for enamel remineralization has been developed, although further clinical evaluation and refinement is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.A. Taha
- Dental Physical Sciences, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Department of Paedodontic, Orthodontic and Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - P.S. Fleming
- Department of Orthodontics, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - R.G. Hill
- Dental Physical Sciences, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - M.P. Patel
- Dental Physical Sciences, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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21
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Behnaz M, Dalaie K, Mirmohammadsadeghi H, Salehi H, Rakhshan V, Aslani F. Shear bond strength and adhesive remnant index of orthodontic brackets bonded to enamel using adhesive systems mixed with TiO2 nanoparticles. Dental Press J Orthod 2018; 23:43.e1-43.e7. [PMID: 30304159 PMCID: PMC6150699 DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.23.4.43.e1-7.onl] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is recently suggested that titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles can be added to bracket luting agents in order to reduce bacterial activity and protect the enamel. However, it is not known if this addition can affect the shear bond strength (SBS) below clinically acceptable levels. Therefore, this study examined this matter within a comprehensive setup. METHODS This in vitro experimental study was conducted on 120 extracted human premolars randomly divided into four groups (n=30): in groups 1 and 2, Transbond XT light-cured composite with or without TiO2 was applied on bracket base; in groups 3 and 4, Resilience light-cured composite with or without TiO2 was used. Brackets were bonded to teeth. Specimens in each group (n=30) were divided into three subgroups of 10 each; then incubated at 37°C for one day, one month, or three months. The SBS and adhesive remnant index (ARI) were calculated and compared statistically within groups. RESULTS The SBS was not significantly different at one day, one month or three months (p>0.05) but composites without TiO2 had a significantly higher mean SBS than composites containing TiO2 (p<0.001). The SBS of Transbond XT was significantly higher than that of Resilience (p<0.001). No significant differences were noted in ARI scores based on the type of composite or addition of TiO2 (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Addition of TiO2 nanoparticles to Transbond XT decreased its SBS to the level of SBS of Resilience without TiO2; thus, TiO2 nanoparticles may be added to Transbond XT composite for use in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Behnaz
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Dentofacial Deformities Research Center (Tehran, Iran).Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesResearch Institute of Dental SciencesDentofacial Deformities Research CenterTehranIran
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontic (Tehran, Iran).Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesSchool of DentistryDepartment of OrthodonticTehranIran
| | - Kazem Dalaie
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontic (Tehran, Iran).Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesSchool of DentistryDepartment of OrthodonticTehranIran
| | - Hoori Mirmohammadsadeghi
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontic (Tehran, Iran).Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesSchool of DentistryDepartment of OrthodonticTehranIran
| | | | | | - Farzin Aslani
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontic (Tehran, Iran).Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesSchool of DentistryDepartment of OrthodonticTehranIran
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Liu X, Peng L, Meng J, Zhu Z, Han B, Wang S. Protein-mediated anti-adhesion surface against oral bacteria. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:2711-2714. [PMID: 29372229 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr08844b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Biomedical materials, such as orthopedic biomaterials, have a great impact on improving life quality and self-esteem of human beings. However, the usage of fixed appliances during dental treatment often increases the difficulty of oral cleaning and enlarges the adhesion opportunity of oral bacteria. Furthermore, the existing anti-adhesion coatings, such as polyethylene glycol derivatives and zwitterionic polymers, have not been universally accepted in the oral environment due to their intrinsic problems. Herein, inspired by the anti-adhesion capability of bovine serum albumin, we report a facile protein-based anti-bacterial surface, showing excellent anti-adhesion performance toward oral bacteria. This protein-mediated anti-adhesion strategy may provide a promising clue for developing new anti-bacterial biomaterials, such as dental fixed appliances, restorative materials and medical mouthwashes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
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23
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Taha AA, Patel MP, Hill RG, Fleming PS. The effect of bioactive glasses on enamel remineralization: A systematic review. J Dent 2017; 67:9-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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24
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Therapies for White Spot Lesions—A Systematic Review. J Evid Based Dent Pract 2017; 17:23-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Chambers C, Stewart S, Su B, Jenkinson H, Sandy J, Ireland A. Silver doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles as antimicrobial additives to dental polymers. Dent Mater 2017; 33:e115-e123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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26
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Antibacterial Activity and Bonding Ability of an Orthodontic Adhesive Containing the Antibacterial Monomer 2-Methacryloxylethyl Hexadecyl Methyl Ammonium Bromide. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41787. [PMID: 28169312 PMCID: PMC5294631 DOI: 10.1038/srep41787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Irreversible white spot lesion (WSL) occurs in up to 50% of patients during orthodontic treatment. Therefore, orthodontic adhesives need to be able to inhibit or reduce bacterial growth in order to prevent or minimize WSL. This study evaluated the antibacterial effect and shear bond strength (SBS) of a resin-based orthodontic adhesive containing the antibacterial monomer 2-methacryloxylethyl hexadecyl methyl ammonium bromide (MAE-HB). MAE-HB was added at three concentrations (1, 3, and 5 wt%) to a commercial orthodontic adhesive Transbond XT, while the blank control comprised unmodified Transbond XT. Their antibacterial effects on Streptococcus mutans were investigated after 0 and 180 days of aging. The SBS of metal brackets bonded to the buccal enamel surface of human premolars was assessed. Compared with the blank control, the MAE-HB-incorporated adhesive exhibited a significant contact inhibitory effect on the growth of S. mutans (P < 0.05), even after 180 days of aging. SBS and adhesive remnant index values revealed that the bonding ability of the experimental adhesive was not significantly adversely affected by the incorporation of MAE-HB at any of the three concentrations. Therefore, orthodontic adhesives with strong and long-lasting bacteriostatic properties can be created through the incorporation of MAE-HB without negatively influencing bonding ability.
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Mei L, Chieng J, Wong C, Benic G, Farella M. Factors affecting dental biofilm in patients wearing fixed orthodontic appliances. Prog Orthod 2017. [PMID: 28133715 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-016-0158-5-] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to investigate the amount and the distribution of biofilm in patients wearing fixed appliances and its relation with age, gender, frequency of tooth brushing, and patient motivation. METHODS The sample comprised 52 patients (15.5 ± 3.6 years old, 30 females and 22 males) wearing fixed orthodontic appliances. Dental biofilm was assessed using a modified plaque index (PI). A questionnaire was used to collect patient's information, including gender, age, treatment motivation, and frequency of tooth brushing. RESULTS Gingival (PI score = 0.9 ± 0.7), mesial (0.8 ± 0.6), and distal (0.8 ± 0.5) areas accumulated more biofilm than occlusal areas (0.3 ± 0.3) (P < 0.038). The maxillary lateral incisors (1.1 ± 0.8) and maxillary canines (1.0 ± 0.8) had more biofilm than other teeth (P < 0.05). The maxillary arch (0.8 ± 0.7) had significantly more biofilm than mandibular arch (0.6 ± 0.6) (P = 0.042). No significant difference was found between the right side (0.7 ± 0.7) and left side (0.7 ± 0.6) (P = 0.627). Less biofilm was found in females (0.6 ± 0.5), adults (0.3 ± 0.3), and "self-motivated" patients (0.3 ± 0.3), compared with males (0.9 ± 0.5), children (0.8 ± 0.6), and "family-motivated" patients (1.1 ± 0.5) (P < 0.001). The amount of biofilm was associated with self-report of the frequency of daily tooth brushing (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Patients wearing fixed orthodontic appliances have the highest biofilm accumulation on the maxillary lateral incisors and maxillary canines, particularly in the gingival area and areas behind arch wires. Less biofilm was observed in female and adult patients and in those who were self-motivated and brushed their teeth more often.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Mei
- Discipline of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Sciences, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Joyce Chieng
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Connie Wong
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Gareth Benic
- Discipline of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Sciences, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Mauro Farella
- Discipline of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Sciences, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Mei L, Chieng J, Wong C, Benic G, Farella M. Factors affecting dental biofilm in patients wearing fixed orthodontic appliances. Prog Orthod 2017; 18:4. [PMID: 28133715 PMCID: PMC5276803 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-016-0158-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to investigate the amount and the distribution of biofilm in patients wearing fixed appliances and its relation with age, gender, frequency of tooth brushing, and patient motivation. METHODS The sample comprised 52 patients (15.5 ± 3.6 years old, 30 females and 22 males) wearing fixed orthodontic appliances. Dental biofilm was assessed using a modified plaque index (PI). A questionnaire was used to collect patient's information, including gender, age, treatment motivation, and frequency of tooth brushing. RESULTS Gingival (PI score = 0.9 ± 0.7), mesial (0.8 ± 0.6), and distal (0.8 ± 0.5) areas accumulated more biofilm than occlusal areas (0.3 ± 0.3) (P < 0.038). The maxillary lateral incisors (1.1 ± 0.8) and maxillary canines (1.0 ± 0.8) had more biofilm than other teeth (P < 0.05). The maxillary arch (0.8 ± 0.7) had significantly more biofilm than mandibular arch (0.6 ± 0.6) (P = 0.042). No significant difference was found between the right side (0.7 ± 0.7) and left side (0.7 ± 0.6) (P = 0.627). Less biofilm was found in females (0.6 ± 0.5), adults (0.3 ± 0.3), and "self-motivated" patients (0.3 ± 0.3), compared with males (0.9 ± 0.5), children (0.8 ± 0.6), and "family-motivated" patients (1.1 ± 0.5) (P < 0.001). The amount of biofilm was associated with self-report of the frequency of daily tooth brushing (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Patients wearing fixed orthodontic appliances have the highest biofilm accumulation on the maxillary lateral incisors and maxillary canines, particularly in the gingival area and areas behind arch wires. Less biofilm was observed in female and adult patients and in those who were self-motivated and brushed their teeth more often.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Mei
- Discipline of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Sciences, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Joyce Chieng
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Connie Wong
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Gareth Benic
- Discipline of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Sciences, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Mauro Farella
- Discipline of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Sciences, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Alani A, Kelleher M. Restorative complications of orthodontic treatment. Br Dent J 2016; 221:389-400. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2016.725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Wang LF, Luo F, Xue CR, Deng M, Chen C, Wu H. Antibacterial effect and shear bond strength of an orthodontic adhesive cement containing Galla chinensis extract. Biomed Rep 2016; 4:507-511. [PMID: 27073642 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Galla chinensis extract (GCE), a naturally-derived agent, has a significant inhibitory effect on cariogenic bacteria. The present study aims to evaluate the antibacterial effect and shear bond strength of an orthodontic adhesive cement containing GCE. A resin-modified glass ionomer cement incorporated GCE at five mass fractions (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8%) to prepare GCE-containing cement for analysis. For the agar diffusion test, cement specimens were placed on agar disk inoculated with Streptococcus mutans (strain ATCC 25175). Following 48 h incubation, the inhibition halo diameter was measured. To assess bacteria colonization susceptibility, S. mutans adhesion to cement specimens was detected by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) following 48 h incubation. To evaluate bond strength, a total of 50 metal brackets were bonded on premolar surfaces by using cement (10 teeth/group). Following immersion in an artificial saliva for 3 days, shear bond strength (SBS) was measured. The results demonstrated that GCE-containing samples exhibited a larger bacterial inhibition halo than control, and the inhibition zone increased as the GCE mass fraction increased. SEM analysis demonstrated that S. mutans presented a weaker adherent capacity to all GCE-containing cements compared with control, but the difference between each GCE-containing group was not significant. SBS values of each GCE-containing group exhibited no difference compared with the control. In conclusion, GCE-containing adhesive cement exhibits a promising inhibitory effect on S. mutans growth and adhesion. Without compromising bond strength, adding GCE in adhesive cement may be an attractive option for preventing white spot lesions during orthodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610072, P.R. China
| | - Feng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610072, P.R. China
| | - Chao-Ran Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610072, P.R. China
| | - Meng Deng
- School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | - Chen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610072, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wu
- Oral Department, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, P.R. China
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Reddy AK, Kambalyal PB, Patil SR, Vankhre M, Khan MYA, Kumar TR. Comparative evaluation and influence on shear bond strength of incorporating silver, zinc oxide, and titanium dioxide nanoparticles in orthodontic adhesive. J Orthod Sci 2016; 5:127-131. [PMID: 27843887 PMCID: PMC5084474 DOI: 10.4103/2278-0203.192115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of silver (Ag), zinc oxide (ZnO), and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles on shear bond strength (SBS). MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and twenty extracted premolars divided into four groups with thirty specimens in each group. Group 1 (control): brackets (American Orthodontics) were bonded with Transbond XT primer. Groups 2, 3, and 4: brackets (American Orthodontics) were bonded with adhesives incorporated with Ag, ZnO, and TiO2 nanoparticles in the concentration of 1.0% nanoparticles of Ag, 1.0% TiO2, and 1.0% ZnO weight/weight, respectively. An Instron universal testing machine AGS-10k NG (SHIMADZU) was used to measure the SBS. The data were analyzed by SPSS software and then, the normal distribution of the data was confirmed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. One-way ANOVA test and Tukey's multiple post hoc procedures were used to compare between groups. In all statistical tests, the significance level was set at 5% (P < 0.05). RESULTS A significant difference was observed between control (mean [standard deviation (SD)] 9.43 [3.03], confidence interval [CI]: 8.30-10.56), Ag (mean [SD]: 7.55 [1.29], CI: 7.07-8.03), ZnO (mean [SD]: 6.50 [1.15], CI: 6.07-6.93), and TiO2 (mean [SD]: 6.33 [1.51], CI: 5.77-0.89) with SBS (F = 16.8453, P < 0.05) at 5% level of significance. CONCLUSION Incorporation of various nanoparticles into adhesive materials in minimal amounts may decrease SBS and may lead to the failure of bracket or adhesive. The limitation of this study is that it is an in vitro research and these results may not be comparable to what the expected bond strengths observed in vivo. Further clinical studies are needed to evaluate biological effects of adding such amounts of nanoparticles and approve such adhesives as clinically sustainable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileni Kaladhar Reddy
- Department of Orthodontics, SVS Institute of Dental Sciences, Mahabubnagar, Telangana, India
| | - Prabhuraj B Kambalyal
- Department of Orthodontics, Darshan Dental College and Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Santosh R Patil
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, College of Dentistry, Al Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf, KSA
| | - Mallikarjun Vankhre
- Department of Orthodontics, SVS Institute of Dental Sciences, Mahabubnagar, Telangana, India
| | | | - Thamtam Ramana Kumar
- Department of Orthodontics, SVS Institute of Dental Sciences, Mahabubnagar, Telangana, India
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Effect of light-curable fluoride varnish on enamel demineralization adjacent to orthodontic brackets: An in-vivo study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2015; 148:814-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2015.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Blöcher S, Frankenberger R, Hellak A, Schauseil M, Roggendorf MJ, Korbmacher-Steiner HM. Effect on enamel shear bond strength of adding microsilver and nanosilver particles to the primer of an orthodontic adhesive. BMC Oral Health 2015; 15:42. [PMID: 25887896 PMCID: PMC4374300 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-015-0024-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of this study was to determine whether the addition of microsilver or nanosilver particles to an orthodontic primer affects shear bond strength (SBS) and bracket/adhesive failure. Methods Bovine incisors were randomly divided into six groups with 16 specimens in each: In group 1 (control), brackets were bonded with Transbond™ XT primer. In the experimental groups, microsilver (groups 2 and 3) and nanosilver (groups 4–6) particles of different sizes were added to Transbond XT primer and light cured for 15 seconds [group 2: 0.1% (w/w) microsilver particle size 3.5–18 μm; group 3: 0.3% (w/w) microsilver particle size 3.5–18 μm; group 4: 0.11% (w/w) nanosilver particle size 12.6–18.5 nm; group 5: 0.18% (w/w) nanosilver particle size 12.6–18.5 nm; group 6: 0.33% (w/w) nanosilver particle size 12.6–18.5 nm]. Thereafter, brackets were bonded by light curing the adhesive for 20 seconds. After 24 hours of storage in distilled water at 37°C, SBS was measured with a Zwicki 1120 testing machine. The adhesive remnant index and the prevalence of silver spots on the specimen surface were determined under 10× magnification. Statistical two-way analysis of variance was performed to compare SBS, and a chi-square test was used to compare ARI scores and the prevalence of silver spots. Results No significant differences in SBS (control: 16.59 ± 6.82 MPa; group 2: 20.6 ± 4.19 MPa; group 3: 16.98 ± 4.84 MPa; group 4: 17.15 ± 5.92 MPa; group 5: 20.09 ± 3.35 MPa; group 6: 16.44 ± 4.51 MPa; p > 0.665) and ARI scores (p = 0.901) were found between the control group and any experimental group. Only experimental groups with nanosilver particles revealed statistically more silver spots on the remaining adhesive. Conclusions Addition of small concentrations of microsilver or nanosilver particles affects neither SBS nor ARI scores. Addition of nanosilver particles results in silver spots in the remaining primer visible under 10× magnification. Further studies are needed to investigate the anti-caries potential and clinical performance of conventional orthodontic primer with incorporated nanosilver or microsilver particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Blöcher
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Georg-Voigt-Strasse 3, Marburg, 35039, Germany.
| | - Roland Frankenberger
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontology, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Georg-Voigt-Strasse 3, Marburg, 35039, Germany.
| | - Andreas Hellak
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Georg-Voigt-Strasse 3, Marburg, 35039, Germany.
| | - Michael Schauseil
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Georg-Voigt-Strasse 3, Marburg, 35039, Germany.
| | - Matthias J Roggendorf
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontology, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Georg-Voigt-Strasse 3, Marburg, 35039, Germany.
| | - Heike Maria Korbmacher-Steiner
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Georg-Voigt-Strasse 3, Marburg, 35039, Germany.
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Lovel S. Orthodontics: Not a causative agent. Br Dent J 2014; 216:210. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2014.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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