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Cai Y, Du W, Lin F, Ye S, Ye Y. Agreement of young adults and orthodontists on dental aesthetics & influencing factors of self-perceived aesthetics. BMC Oral Health 2018; 18:113. [PMID: 29921251 PMCID: PMC6008947 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-018-0575-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to assess the agreement between orthodontist's and Chinese young adult's self-perceived aesthetics, the normative treatment need based on the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN), and the main factors affecting the self-perceived aesthetics. METHODS A random sample of 348 Chinese young adults (116 males and 232 females) aged 17-24 years were recruited in this study. Two orthodontists were involved in rating the cases. Orthodontic treatment need was assessed according to the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need, including Aesthetic components and Dental Health Components (AC and DHC). Personality traits were assessed according to Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ). Cohen's kappa test was used to assess the agreement, and spearman's correlation coefficient was used to analyze the association among all variables. RESULTS A statistically significant level of agreement was observed between young adult's perception and orthodontist's perception in IOTN (kappa = 0.14). A positive relationship (p < 0.001)existed between the young adult's AC and the orthodontist' s AC (r = 0.275), and between the young adult' s AC and the normative need DHC (r = 0.195). The orthodontist's AC was strongly related to the normative need (r = 0.743, p < 0.001). Association between the young adult's AC and gender and EPQ-E were also observed. CONCLUSIONS Young adults tend to be less critical in assessing orthodontic treatment needs than orthodontists. The orthodontist's AC reflecting subjective treatment need is strongly connected to the normative need. The adult's perception of aesthetic component is affected by factors such as gender and personality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cai
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, West Xueyuan Road 373, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wulong Du
- School of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Feiou Lin
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, West Xueyuan Road 373, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People's Republic of China. .,School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shengjia Ye
- School of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanling Ye
- School of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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Clijmans M, Medhat A, Geest AD, van Gastel J, Kellens A, Fieuws S, Willems G. Judging orthodontic treatment complexity. Dental Press J Orthod 2016; 21:60-6. [PMID: 27007763 PMCID: PMC4816587 DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.21.1.060-066.oar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate possible relations between anticipated overall treatment complexity (AOTC) of an orthodontic case and malocclusion characteristics. Methods: Two groups of orthodontists (groups A and B) were asked to define perceived treatment complexity (PTC) of orthodontic cases based on 16 characteristics of malocclusion by means of a questionnaire. Each question was answered on a six-point ordinal scale, with one "not applicable" option (score 0). Group A was also asked to give the AOTC of the specific case on a five-point ordinal scale. The index of orthodontic treatment need (IOTN) score of the specific cases as well as the malocclusion characteristics were assessed by one author. Results: There is a significant relationship between IOTN and AOTC (p< 0.0001), 22% of variability is explained by differences in IOTN. Adding objective characteristics of malocclusion to explain AOTC does not significantly increase the explained variability (p = 0.086). In judging interobserver agreement, a weighted Kappa of 0.60 for group A and 0.56 for group B was found. The weighted Kappa for agreement in AOTC equals 0.06. Conclusion: The relation between IOTN and AOTC was found to be significant. Moderate agreement on PTC among observers and a low level agreement regarding AOTC were found in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maïté Clijmans
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Aly Medhat
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - An De Geest
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johannes van Gastel
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annelies Kellens
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steffen Fieuws
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy Willems
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Validity assessment and determination of the cutoff value for the Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need among 12-13 year-olds in Southern Chinese. Int J Oral Sci 2013; 4:88-93. [PMID: 22653551 PMCID: PMC3412671 DOI: 10.1038/ijos.2012.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To validate the use of the Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need (ICON) in assessing orthodontic treatment need among 12–13 year-olds in southern China, we determined the threshold value of ICON based on Chinese orthodontists' judgments. The samples consisted of 335 students in grade 7 from 16 randomly selected middle schools in Chengdu, China. Three associate professors provided ICON scores for each participant and the results were compared with the gold standard judgments from 25 experts on treatment needs. Based on the gold standard, 195 casts belonged to the treatment category, while the rest 140 belonged to the no-treatment category. With the international cutoff point of 43, the sensitivity and specificity of the ICON score were 0.29 and 0.98. The best compromise between sensitivity and specificity in Chengdu, compared with the gold standard, was found at a cutoff point of 29, and the sensitivity and specificity were 0.88 and 0.83. When used to evaluate the treatment need of 12–13 year-olds in southern China, the international ICON cutoff value did not correspond well with Chinese orthodontists' judgments; a lower cutoff value of 29 offered a greater sensitivity and specificity with respect to expert orthodontists' perception of treatment need.
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An insight into four orthodontic treatment need indices. Prog Orthod 2011; 12:132-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pio.2011.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Revised: 06/05/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Agreement between the index of complexity, outcome, and need and the dental and aesthetic components of the index of orthodontic treatment need. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2011; 140:233-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2010.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2009] [Revised: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Oshagh M, Salehi P, Pakshir H, Bazyar L, Rakhshan V. Associations between normative and self-perceived orthodontic treatment needs in young-adult dental patients. Korean J Orthod 2011. [DOI: 10.4041/kjod.2011.41.6.440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Oshagh
- Associate Professor, Orthodontic Research Center and Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Parisa Salehi
- Associate Professor, Orthodontic Research Center and Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Pakshir
- Professor, Orthodontic Research Center and Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Vahid Rakhshan
- Scientific Faculty Member and Lecturer, Department of Dental Morphology, Dental Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Discrepancy index relative to age, sex, and the probability of completing treatment by one resident in a 2-year graduate orthodontics program. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2011; 139:70-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2010.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Revised: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Pulfer RM, Drake CT, Maupome G, Eckert GJ, Roberts WE. The Association of Malocclusion Complexity and Orthodontic Treatment Outcomes. Angle Orthod 2009; 79:468-72. [PMID: 19413388 DOI: 10.2319/042308-227.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2008] [Accepted: 07/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective: To determine the relationship of the ABO Discrepancy Index (DI) to outcomes for routine malocclusions, and to ascertain whether significant trends in DI scores could be noted among annual samples of patients taken from 1998 to 2004.
Materials and Methods: A total of 716 consecutive patients with permanent dentition from a large urban graduate orthodontics program were sampled over the 7-year span. A group of six researchers with a dental background were trained and calibrated in the various components of the DI method to ensure reproducible criteria and accurate recording of clinical and radiographic data across researchers. Data management and analyses were undertaken by two other investigators who were not involved in data coding.
Results: Only a weak positive association was seen between the DI and Objective Grading System (OGS) and Comprehensive Clinical Assessment (CCA) scores. The DI was not significantly related to a general time trend.
Conclusion: The DI was found to be a reliable and relatively stable index for measuring malocclusion complexity in annual samples of patients. Although the DI is significantly related to outcomes for the most severe malocclusions, it was not a good predictor of outcome for more routine malocclusions. If the minimal acceptable outcome is defined as 30 OGS points, the mean DI (15.7) and the average OGS score (28.2) indicate that many of the malocclusions in patients in the present sample were of potential board quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M. Pulfer
- a Dental student, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Carl T. Drake
- b Orthodontics Resident, Department of Orthodontics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Gerardo Maupome
- c Professor, Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Indiana University School of Dentistry, and The Regenstreif Institute Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - George J. Eckert
- d Biostatistician Supervisor, Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - W. Eugene Roberts
- e Jarabak Professor, Department of Orthodontics and Oral Facial Genetics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Arruda AO. Occlusal indexes as judged by subjective opinions. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2008; 134:671-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2006.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2006] [Revised: 08/01/2006] [Accepted: 09/01/2006] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Tsakos
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health; University College London
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Mtaya M, Astrom AN, Brudvik P. Malocclusion, psycho-social impacts and treatment need: A cross-sectional study of Tanzanian primary school-children. BMC Oral Health 2008; 8:14. [PMID: 18460198 PMCID: PMC2413214 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6831-8-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2007] [Accepted: 05/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background studies on the relationship between children's malocclusion and its psycho-social impacts are so far largely unexplored in low-income countries. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of malocclusion, reported dental problems and dissatisfaction with dental appearance among primary school children in Tanzania. The relationship of dissatisfaction with socio-demographic characteristics, clinically defined malocclusion and psychosocial impacts of dental anomalies was investigated. Orthodontic treatment need was estimated using an integrated socio-dental approach. Method One thousand six hundred and one children (mean age 13 yr) attending primary schools in the districts of Kinondoni and Temeke completed face to face interviews and a full mouth clinical examination. The survey instrument was designed to measure a Kiswahili translated and culturally adapted Child Oral Impact on Daily Performance (Child-OIDP) frequency score, reported dental problems, dissatisfaction with dental appearance/function and socio-demographic characteristics. Results The prevalence of malocclusion varied from 0.9% (deep bite) to 22.5% (midline shift) with a total of 63.8% having at least one type of anomaly. Moderate proportions of children admitted dental problems; ranging from 7% (space position) to 20% (pain). The odds ratio of having problems with teeth position, spaces, pain and swallowing if having any malocclusion were, respectively 6.7, 3.9, 1.4 and 6.8. A total of 23.3% children were dissatisfied with dental appearance/function. Children dissatisfied with their dental appearance were less likely to be Temeke residents (OR = 0.5) and having parents of higher education (OR = 0.6) and more likely to reporting problem with teeth position (OR = 4.3) and having oral impacts (OR = 2.7). The socio-dental treatment need of 12% was five times lower than the normative need assessment of 63.8%. Conclusion Compared to the high prevalence of malocclusion, psycho social impacts and dissatisfaction with appearance/function was not frequent among Tanzanian schoolchildren. Subjects with malocclusion reported problems most frequently and malocclusion together with other psycho-social impact scores determined children's satisfaction with teeth appearance- and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilda Mtaya
- Department of Odontology-Community Dentistry, UoB, Norway.
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Onyeaso CO, Begole EA. Relationship between index of complexity, outcome and need, dental aesthetic index, peer assessment rating index, and American Board of Orthodontics objective grading system. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2007; 131:248-52. [PMID: 17276867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2005.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2005] [Revised: 03/24/2005] [Accepted: 04/21/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objectives of this study were to examine the relationships among 4 indexes that are used to score orthodontic treatment need and outcome, and to determine whether 1 index could replace the other 3. The index of complexity, outcome, and need (ICON), the dental aesthetic index (DAI), the peer assessment rating (PAR) index, and the American Board of Orthodontics objective grading system (ABO-OGS) were studied. The use of the ICON is desirable because it is faster to use than separate indexes for assessing different treatment facets. METHODS One hundred pretreatment and posttreatment study models were randomly selected from an accredited graduate orthodontic clinic at University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill. The sample was assessed by using the PAR index, the DAI, the ABO-OGS, and the ICON. The data were analyzed descriptively and the relationships evaluated by using the Spearman rank order correlation coefficient. RESULTS The study showed a significant correlation between the DAI and the ICON with respect to treatment need (r = .5523, P <.001). The PAR index and the ABO-OGS had significant correlations with the ICON for treatment outcome (pretreatment PAR vs ICON, r = .6840, P <.001; posttreatment PAR vs ICON, r = .3466, P <.001; ABO-OGS vs ICON, r = .2654, P <.01). CONCLUSIONS The ICON can be used in place of the PAR and the ABO-OGS for assessing treatment outcome and in place of the DAI for assessing treatment need.
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Orthodontic treatment complexity and need at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, according to the Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need (ICON): A pilot study. PEDIATRIC DENTAL JOURNAL 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0917-2394(06)70077-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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