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Kadanga E, Zouré AA, Zohoncon TM, Traoré L, Ky BD, Yonli AT, Traoré DDA, Bazié BVJTE, Sombié HK, Sorgho PA, Tovo SFA, Traoré K, Ouedraogo TWC, Djigma FW, Simpore J. Carriage of mutations R462Q (rs 486907) and D541E (rs 627928) of the RNASEL gene and risk factors in patients with prostate cancer in Burkina Faso. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:123. [PMID: 35655265 PMCID: PMC9161613 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01279-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer (Pca) is a public health problem that affects men, usually of middle age or older. It is the second most common cancer diagnosed in men and the fifth leading cause of death. The RNASEL gene located in 1q25 and identified as a susceptibility gene to hereditary prostate cancer, has never been studied in relation to prostate cancer in Burkina Faso. The aim of this study was to analyze the carriage of RNASEL R462Q and D541E mutations and risks factors in patients with prostate cancer in the Burkina Faso. Methods This case–control study included of 38 histologically diagnosed prostate cancer cases and 53 controls (cases without prostate abnormalities). Real-time PCR genotyping of R462Q and D541E variants using the TaqMan® allelic discrimination technique was used. Correlations between different genotypes and combined genotypes were investigated. Results The R462Q variant was present in 5.3% of cases and 7.5% of controls. The D541E variant was present in 50.0% of cases and 35% of controls. There is no association between R462Q variants (OR = 0.60; 95%IC, 0.10–3.51; p = 0.686) and D541E variants (OR = 2.46; 95%IC, 0.78–7.80; p = 0.121) and genotypes combined with prostate cancer. However, there is a statistically significant difference in the distribution of cases according to the PSA rate at diagnosis (p ˂ 0.001). For the Gleason score distribution, only 13.2% of cases have a Gleason score greater than 7. There is a statistically significant difference in the Gleason score distribution of cases (p ˂ 0.001). Conclusions These variants, considered in isolation or in combination, are not associated with the risk of prostate cancer.
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Balázs K, Antal L, Sáfrány G, Lumniczky K. Blood-Derived Biomarkers of Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapy Response in Prostate Cancer Patients. J Pers Med 2021; 11:296. [PMID: 33924671 PMCID: PMC8070149 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11040296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is among the most frequent cancers in men worldwide. Despite the fact that multiple therapeutic alternatives are available for its treatment, it is often discovered in an advanced stage as a metastatic disease. Prostate cancer screening is based on physical examination of prostate size and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level in the blood as well as biopsy in suspect cases. However, these markers often fail to correctly identify the presence of cancer, or their positivity might lead to overdiagnosis and consequent overtreatment of an otherwise silent non-progressing disease. Moreover, these markers have very limited if any predictive value regarding therapy response or individual risk for therapy-related toxicities. Therefore, novel, optimally liquid biopsy-based (blood-derived) markers or marker panels are needed, which have better prognostic and predictive value than the ones currently used in the everyday routine. In this review the role of circulating tumour cells, extracellular vesicles and their microRNA content, as well as cellular and soluble immunological and inflammation- related blood markers for prostate cancer diagnosis, prognosis and prediction of therapy response is discussed. A special emphasis is placed on markers predicting response to radiotherapy and radiotherapy-related late side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Katalin Lumniczky
- Unit of Radiation Medicine, Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Centre, 1221 Budapest, Hungary; (K.B.); (L.A.); (G.S.)
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Xia J, Sun R. Evidence from 40 Studies that 2 Common Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) of RNASEL Gene Affect Prostate Cancer Susceptibility: A Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)-Compliant Meta-Analysis. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:8315-8325. [PMID: 31686670 PMCID: PMC6857427 DOI: 10.12659/msm.917715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have evaluated the relationship between RNASEL gene polymorphisms (rs486907 G>A and rs627928 T>G) and the risk of cancer. However, many of the results have been controversial. To explore the role of RNASEL gene polymorphisms in prostate cancer, we carried out the present meta-analysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS The qualified articles were collected from PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CNKI, and WanFang databases to August 2018. A total 23 articles with 40 studies were incorporated into our analysis. RESULTS Our data show that rs486907 was not associated with the risk of prostate cancer in any populations. Nevertheless, rs627928 was reported to promote the development of prostate cancer (T vs. G: OR=1.08, 95% CI=1.01-1.15; TT+TG vs. GG: OR=1.14, 95% CI=1.03-1.25) in allele and recessive models in overall populations. Stratified analyses showed that similar results were obtained in white populations. CONCLUSIONS We report the effect of rs627928 on the development of prostate cancer and confirm that rs486907 is not involved in the risk of prostate cancer in the current meta-analysis. However, research in larger populations is needed to validate our conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xia
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland).,People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland).,Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Rulin Sun
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland).,People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland).,Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
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Wang J, Yuan W, Yue C, Dai F, Gao S, Mi Y, Bai Y, Zhang L, Zuo L, Wu X, Zhang W. RNASEL 1623A>C variant is associated with the risk of prostate cancer in African descendants. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:11955-11964. [PMID: 30790337 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Association between ribonuclease L (RNASEL) gene 1623A>C polymorphism and prostate cancer (PCa) susceptibility has been assessed in large quantities of studies but with controversial conclusions. We undertook a pooled analysis containing 7397 PCa cases and 6088 control subjects to assess the correlation between RNASEL 1623A>C polymorphism and PCa risk. Moreover, we used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to test the serum RNASEL expression among patients enrolled in our centers and in-silico tools were also utilized. The overall results of our analysis indicated a positive relationship between 1623A>C variant and PCa risk (allelic contrast, odds ratio [OR] = 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02-1.12; Pheterogeneity = 0.575; CC vs AA, OR = 1.14; 95% CI = 1.03-1.26; Pheterogeneity = 0.217; CC + CA vs AA, OR = 1.10; 95% CI = 1.01-1.19; Pheterogeneity = 0.303; and CC vs CA + AA, OR = 1.08; 95% CI = 1.00-1.17; Pheterogeneity = 0.298). In ethnicity subgroup analysis, similar results were especially indicated in African descendants. In addition, serum RNASEL levels in PCa cases with CC + CA genotypes were higher than those with AA genotypes. Our present study showed evidence that RNASEL 1623A>C polymorphism is related to PCa risk, especially in African descendants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University (Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University), Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuang Yue
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Feng Dai
- Department of Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University (Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University), Wuxi, China
| | - Shenglin Gao
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuanyuan Mi
- Department of Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University (Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University), Wuxi, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li Zuo
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xingyu Wu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
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Liu X, Zheng D, Lu G, Yang B. The RNASEL -1385G/A polymorphism is associated with risk of prostate cancer in Africans. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 11:97-102. [PMID: 29317837 PMCID: PMC5744743 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s151398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The RNASEL –1385G/A (rs486907) variant has been reported to be associated with increased risk of prostate cancer. However, these associations are not consistent among studies. To address this issue, we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the association between RNASEL –1385G/A polymorphism and prostate cancer risk. The PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant papers published in the past 20 years from 1997 to 2017. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of associations. Based on our search for manuscripts reporting prostate cancer susceptibility related to the rs486907 polymorphism, 16 case–control studies from 13 different publications were retrieved. No significantly positive associations were found for the polymorphism and prostate cancer susceptibility in the total population. When stratified by ethnicity, the results demonstrated that the –1385G/A polymorphism was associated with a decreased cancer risk in Africans (GG vs AA: OR =0.371, 95% CI =0.176–0.783; GG/GA vs AA: OR =0.368, 95% CI =0.175–0.776). We also found that the rs486907 polymorphism was associated with a decreased cancer risk in hospital-based controls (GG vs AA: OR =0.697, 95% CI =0.488–0.996; GG + GA vs AA: OR =0.701, 95% CI =0.502–0.978). Our meta-analysis suggests that polymorphism in the RNASEL gene is a protective factor against prostate cancer in Africans. Further studies using larger sample sizes should be conducted to elucidate the role of gene polymorphism in prostate cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Liu
- Respiratory Department, Weifang Medical University
| | - Dejie Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang
| | - Guowei Lu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Baohong Yang
- Department of Oncology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang
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Li G, Yang M, Li X, Deng S. Comprehensive assessment of the association between estrogen receptor of alpha polymorphisms and the risk of prostate cancer: evidence from a meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:102310-102320. [PMID: 29254246 PMCID: PMC5731956 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed a meta analysis to access the relationship of estrogen receptor of alpha (ESRα) polymorphisms with the risk of prostate cancer (PC). Twenty-four case-control studies (including 5477 cases and 10708 controls) were recruited for meta-analysis. The strongest association with the risk of PC was observed between ESRα rs9340799 and rs2234693 under the two genotypic models of allele and codominance in the overall population (p < 0.05). Under the subgroup analysis of ethnicity, we observed that ESRα rs9340799 was significantly associated with the susceptibility to PC in European population (AvsG, p = 0.000; AAvsGG, p = 0.002), while there was no difference in Asian (AvsG, p = 0.493; AAvsGG, p = 0.736) or African population (AvsG, p = 0.800; AAvsGG, p = 0.788). The results also showed that significant association between rs2234693 and the susceptibility to PC in European (CvsT, p = 0.004; CCvsTT, p = 0.001) and Asian population (CvsT, p = 0.004; CCvsTT, p = 0.003), but not in African population (CvsT, p = 0.636; CCvsTT, p = 0.669). The meta-analysis indicated that ESRα rs9340799 and rs2234693 might contribute to susceptibility and development of PC in European population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Li
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Bioinformatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Research Department, Children Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xian Li
- Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shixiong Deng
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Bioinformatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Zuo L, Ren KW, Bai Y, Zhang LF, Zou JG, Qin XH, Mi YY, Okada A, Yasui T. Association of a common genetic variant in RNASEL and prostate cancer susceptibility. Oncotarget 2017; 8:75141-75150. [PMID: 29088852 PMCID: PMC5650407 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The RNASEL gene (2’, 5’-oligoisoadenylate synthetase-dependent) encodes a ribonuclease that plays a significant role in the apoptotic and antiviral activities of interferons. Various studies have used polymorphisms in the RNASEL gene to evaluate prostate cancer risk but studies that show an association between RNASEL Arg462Gln (1385G>A, R462Q, rs486907) polymorphism and prostate cancer risk are somewhat inconclusive. To assess the impact of RNASEL Arg462Gln polymorphism on prostate cancer risk, we conducted a meta-analysis of all available studies including 11,522 patients and 10,976 control subjects. The overall results indicated no positive association between the variant and prostate cancer risk. However, in a subgroup analysis by ethnicity, obvious associations were observed in Hispanic Caucasians for allelic contrast (OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.00 - 1.39, Pheterogeneity = 0.010), homozygote comparison (OR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.02 – 2.20, Pheterogeneity = 0.001), and the recessive genetic model (OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.01 - 2.05, Pheterogeneity = 0.002) ; and in African descendants for homozygote comparison (OR = 2.59, 95% CI = 1.29 – 5.19, Pheterogeneity = 0.194) and the recessive genetic model (OR = 2.61, 95% CI = 1.30 – 5.23, Pheterogeneity = 0.195). In conclusion, the RNASEL Arg462Gln polymorphism may contribute to the risk of developing prostate cancer in African descendants and Hispanic Caucasians. Further larger and well-designed studies are warranted to evaluate this association in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zuo
- Department of Urology, Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Ke-Wei Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Southeast University Medical School, Jiangyin 214400, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Department of Urology, Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Li-Feng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Jian-Gang Zou
- Department of Urology, Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Xi-Hu Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Mi
- Department of Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Wuxi 214041, China
| | - Atsushi Okada
- Department of Nephrourology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi 4678601, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yasui
- Department of Nephrourology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi 4678601, Japan
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Babaei F, Ahmadi A, Rezaei F, Jalilvand S, Ghavami N, Mahmoudi M, Abiri R, Kondori N, Nategh R, Mokhtari Azad T. Xenotropic Murine Leukemia Virus-Related Virus and RNase L R462Q Variants in Iranian Patients With Sporadic Prostate Cancer. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2016; 17:e19439. [PMID: 26744630 PMCID: PMC4700873 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.19439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Although several studies have confirmed the association of xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) and prostate cancer, this association is still controversial, as most studies did not detect XMRV in prostate tissue samples. Furthermore, some genetic and epidemiological studies have highlighted a role for RNase L polymorphisms, particularly R462Q, in the progression of prostate cancer. Objectives: The focus of this study was on the association of XMRV and RNase L R462Q variants with the risk of prostate cancer in Iranian patients. Patients and Methods: In this case-control study, 40 and 80 individuals with sporadic prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia, respectively, were included. The presence of XMRV was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of integrase and nested-PCR for the gag genes. The RNase L R462Q polymorphism analysis was carried out by PCR and sequencing. Results: In a total of 40 sporadic prostate cancer and 80 benign prostatic hyperplasia cases, no XMRV was detected by real-time PCR and nested-PCR. RNase L R462Q polymorphism analysis reveals that although there was an increase in the risk of prostate cancer correlated with the Q/Q allele of RNase L at position 462, the frequencies of the RNase L R462Q alleles were not statistically significant between the prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia groups (OR = 2.75 (95% CI = 0.67 - 11.3), P = 0.29). Conclusions: These results did not support the presence of XMRV in the samples with prostate cancer and showed that RNase L R462Q variants had relatively little or no impact on the risk of prostate cancer in Iranian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Babaei
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IR Iran
| | - Ali Ahmadi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Farhad Rezaei
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Somayeh Jalilvand
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Nastaran Ghavami
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mahmoud Mahmoudi
- Department of Statistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Ramin Abiri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IR Iran
| | - Nasim Kondori
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IR Iran
| | - Rakhshande Nategh
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Talat Mokhtari Azad
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Talat Mokhtari Azad, Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-2188962343, Fax: +98- 2188962343, E-mail:
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Functional and Structural Consequences of Damaging Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Human Prostate Cancer Predisposition Gene RNASEL. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:271458. [PMID: 26236721 PMCID: PMC4510121 DOI: 10.1155/2015/271458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A commonly diagnosed cancer, prostate cancer (PrCa), is being regulated by the gene RNASEL previously known as PRCA1 codes for ribonuclease L which is an integral part of interferon regulated system that mediates antiviral and antiproliferative role of the interferons. Both somatic and germline mutations have been implicated to cause prostate cancer. With an array of available Single Nucleotide Polymorphism data on dbSNP this study is designed to sort out functional SNPs in RNASEL by implementing different authentic computational tools such as SIFT, PolyPhen, SNPs&GO, Fathmm, ConSurf, UTRScan, PDBsum, Tm-Align, I-Mutant, and Project HOPE for functional and structural assessment, solvent accessibility, molecular dynamics, and energy minimization study. Among 794 RNASEL SNP entries 124 SNPs were found nonsynonymous from which SIFT predicted 13 nsSNPs as nontolerable whereas PolyPhen-2 predicted 28. SNPs found on the 3' and 5' UTR were also assessed. By analyzing six tools having different perspectives an aggregate result was produced where nine nsSNPs were found to be most likely to exert deleterious effect. 3D models of mutated proteins were generated to determine the functional and structural effect of the mutations on ribonuclease L. The initial findings were reinforced by the results from I-Mutant and Project HOPE as these tools predicted significant structural and functional instability of the mutated proteins. Expasy-ProSit tool defined the mutations to be situated in the functional domains of the protein. Considering previous analysis this study revealed a conclusive result deducing the available SNP data on the database by identifying the most damaging three nsSNP rs151296858 (G59S), rs145415894 (A276V), and rs35896902 (R592H). As such studies involving polymorphisms of RNASEL were none to be found, the results of the current study would certainly be helpful in future prospects concerning prostate cancer in males.
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Wallis CJ, Nam RK. Prostate Cancer Genetics: A Review. EJIFCC 2015; 26:79-91. [PMID: 27683484 PMCID: PMC4975354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decades, research has focussed on identifying the genetic underpinnings of prostate cancer. It has been recognized that a number of forms of genetic changes coupled with epigenetic and gene expression changes can increase the prediction to develop prostate cancer. This review outlines the role of somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs), structural rearrangements, point mutations, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as well as miRNAs. Identifying relevant genetic changes offers the ability to develop novel biomarkers to allow early and accurate detection of prostate cancer as well as provide risk stratification of patients following their diagnosis. The concept of personalized or individualized medicine has gained significant attention. Therefore, a better understanding of the genetic and metabolic pathways underlying prostate cancer development offers the opportunity to explore new therapeutic interventions with the possibility of offering patient-specific targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert K. Nam
- 2075 Bayview Ave., Room MG-406 Toronto, ON M4N 3MS Canada 416-480-5075416-480-6121Robert.Nam(5)utoronto.ca
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12
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San Francisco IF, Rojas PA, Torres-Estay V, Smalley S, Cerda-Infante J, Montecinos VP, Hurtado C, Godoy AS. Association of RNASEL and 8q24 variants with the presence and aggressiveness of hereditary and sporadic prostate cancer in a Hispanic population. J Cell Mol Med 2013; 18:125-33. [PMID: 24224612 PMCID: PMC3916124 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
To study the association between the polymorphisms Arg462Gln and Asp541Glu from the RNASEL gene (1q25), and the polymorphisms rs620861, rs1447295, rs6983267, rs7837328 from the chromosome 8q24 with the risk of presenting prostate cancer (PCa) and its clinical characteristics in a Hispanic (Chilean) population. The study was performed on 21 control patients and 83 patients diagnosed with PCa. Polymorphisms were analysed from blood samples through real-time PCR by using TaqMan probes, and the genetic analysis was performed with the SNPStats program. Also, a comparison was performed between clinical characteristics of PCa and the presence of the different polymorphism genotypes by using the Minitab software. There was a significant association between the genotype G/G from the polymorphism rs6983267 with an overall increased risk of PCa, in patients both with or without family history of PCa (OR = 4.47, 95% CI = 1.05-18.94, P = 0.034 and OR = 3.57, 95% CI = 0.96-13.35, P = 0.037, respectively). Regarding clinical parameters, patients carrying the genotype C/C from the polymorphism Asp541Glu had significantly higher prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels than patients carrying the other genotypes (P = 0.034). Moreover, patients with the genotype G/G of rs6983267 had higher PSA levels (P = 0.024). The polymorphism rs6983267 from region 3 of the chromosome 8q24 appears to be a prominent risk factor for PCa and a biomarker for cancer aggressiveness in the group of patients who presented higher levels of PSA at the time of diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio F San Francisco
- Departamento de Urología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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13
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Genetic analysis of the principal genes related to prostate cancer: A review. Urol Oncol 2013; 31:1419-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2012.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Mazaris E, Tsiotras A. Molecular pathways in prostate cancer. Nephrourol Mon 2013; 5:792-800. [PMID: 24282788 PMCID: PMC3830904 DOI: 10.5812/numonthly.9430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Prostate cancer is a prevalent disease with a high impact on patients’ morbidity and mortality. Despite efforts to profile prostate cancer, the genetic alterations and biological processes that correlate with disease progression remain partially elusive. The purpose of this study is to review the recent evidence relating to the initiation and progression of prostate cancer in relation to the familial correlation of the disease, the genetic aberrations resulting in prostate cancer and the new molecular biology data regarding prostate cancer. Materials and Methods A Medline database search identified all the existing publications on the molecular events associated with the pathogenesis and evolution of prostate cancer. Particular emphasis was given on the specific genetic phenomena associated with prostate cancer. Results Like other cancers, prostate cancer is caused by an accumulation of genetic alterations in a cell that drives it to malignant growth. Specific genes and gene alterations have been suggested to play a role in its development and progression. Aneuploidy, loss of heterozygosity, gene mutations, hypermethylation and inactivation of specific tumour suppressor genes such as GSTpi, APC, MDR1, GPX3 and others have been detected in prostate cancers, but generally only at a low or moderate frequency. The androgen receptor (AR) signalling pathway may play a crucial role in the early development of prostate cancer, as well as in the development of androgen-independent disease that fails to respond to hormone deprivation therapies. Other alterations linked to the transition to hormone-independence include amplification of MYC and increased expression of ERBB2 and BCL2. Inflammatory changes may also contribute to the development of prostate cancer. Conclusion The identification of specific molecular markers for prostate cancer may lead to its earliest detection and better prediction of its behavior. The better understanding of the molecular events affecting prostate cancer progression may result in the introduction of new drugs to target these events thus providing a potential cure and a tool for prevention of this very common disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexios Tsiotras
- Urology Department, Lister Hospital, Stevenage, United Kingdom
- Corresponding author: Alexios Tsiotras, Urology Department, Lister Hospital, Stevenage, United Kingdom. Tel: +44-7580348549, Fax: +44-1438515601, E-mail:
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Reza MA, Fahimeh G, Reza MH. Evaluation of xenotropic murine leukemia virus and its R426Q polymorphism in patients with prostate cancer in Kerman, southeast of Iran. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 13:3669-73. [PMID: 23098452 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.8.3669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A role for the xenotropic murine leukemia virus (XMRV) in prostate cancer development has been postulated. To answer questions regarding the prevalence of XMRV in Iranian patients with prostate cancer and its association with the RNASEL R462Q polymorphism, we here investigated a series of cases in Kerman, in the Southeast of Iran, and sought to verify the association with the R462Q using Real Time PCR Method. Prostate tissue specimens of 200 patients with prostate cancer were genotyped for R462Q by real time polymerase chain reaction allelic discrimination and were screened for XMRV proviral DNA by real time polymerase chain reaction specific for the envelope gene. Of 200 patients in this study 8 (4%) cases were positive for XMRV, the QQ allele being the most frequent regarding the R426Q polymorphism while in negative patients it was the RQ allele. There was significant correlation between high pathological scores and XMRV positive samples. No significant relationship was found between age groups and XMRV results. XMRV was only found in patients with QQ and RQ alleles, not RR. XMRV is detectable in tumor prostate tissue from some patients with prostate cancer, independent of R462Q.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malekpour Afshar Reza
- Tropical and Infectious Disease Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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16
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Li J, Mercer E, Gou X, Lu YJ. Ethnical disparities of prostate cancer predisposition: genetic polymorphisms in androgen-related genes. Am J Cancer Res 2013; 3:127-51. [PMID: 23593537 PMCID: PMC3623834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed male malignancy and the second biggest cause of cancer death in men of the Western world. Higher incidences of PCa occur in men from North America, Oceania and Western countries, whereas men from Asia and North Africa have a much lower PCa incidence rate. Investigations into this population disparity of PCa incidence, in order to identify potential preventive factors or targets for the therapeutic intervention of PCa, have found differences in both environmental and genetic variations between these populations. Environmental variations include both diet and lifestyle, which vary widely between populations. Evidence that diet comes into play has been shown by men who immigrate from Eastern to Western countries. PCa incidence in these men is higher than men in their native countries. However the number of immigrants developing PCa still doesn't match native black/white men, therefore genetic factors also contribute to PCa risk, which are supported by familial studies. There are a number of genetic polymorphisms that are differentially presented between Western and Eastern men, which are potentially associated with PCa incidence. Androgen and its receptor (AR) play a major role in PCa development and progression. In this study, we focus on genes involved in androgen biosynthesis and metabolism, as well as those associated with AR pathway, whose polymorphisms affect androgen level and biological or physiological functions of androgen. While many of the genetic polymorphisms in this androgen/AR system showed different frequencies between populations, contradictory evidences exist for most of these genes investigated individually as to the true contribution to PCa risk. More accurate measurements of androgen activity within the prostate are required and further studies need to include more African and Asian subjects. As many of these genetic polymorphisms may contribute to different steps in the same biological/physiological function of androgen and AR pathway, an integrated analysis considering the combined effect of all the genetic polymorphisms may be necessary to assess their contribution to PCa initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChina
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryLondon UK
| | - Emma Mercer
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryLondon UK
| | - Xin Gou
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChina
| | - Yong-Jie Lu
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryLondon UK
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17
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Kazma R, Mefford JA, Cheng I, Plummer SJ, Levin AM, Rybicki BA, Casey G, Witte JS. Association of the innate immunity and inflammation pathway with advanced prostate cancer risk. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51680. [PMID: 23272139 PMCID: PMC3522730 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most frequent and second most lethal cancer in men in the United States. Innate immunity and inflammation may increase the risk of prostate cancer. To determine the role of innate immunity and inflammation in advanced prostate cancer, we investigated the association of 320 single nucleotide polymorphisms, located in 46 genes involved in this pathway, with disease risk using 494 cases with advanced disease and 536 controls from Cleveland, Ohio. Taken together, the whole pathway was associated with advanced prostate cancer risk (P = 0.02). Two sub-pathways (intracellular antiviral molecules and extracellular pattern recognition) and four genes in these sub-pathways (TLR1, TLR6, OAS1, and OAS2) were nominally associated with advanced prostate cancer risk and harbor several SNPs nominally associated with advanced prostate cancer risk. Our results suggest that the innate immunity and inflammation pathway may play a modest role in the etiology of advanced prostate cancer through multiple small effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Kazma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Joel A. Mefford
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Iona Cheng
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawai’i Cancer Center, University of Hawai’i, Honolulu, Hawai’i, United States of America
| | - Sarah J. Plummer
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Albert M. Levin
- Department of Biostatistics and Research Epidemiology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Benjamin A. Rybicki
- Department of Biostatistics and Research Epidemiology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Graham Casey
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - John S. Witte
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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18
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Álvarez-Cubero M, Saiz M, Martínez-González L, Álvarez J, Lorente J, Cozar J. [RNASEL study of genetics of prostate cancer and its relation to clinical staging]. Actas Urol Esp 2012; 36:306-11. [PMID: 22464196 DOI: 10.1016/j.acuro.2011.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study has aimed to find a possible genetic relationship between sporadic prostate cancers. An attempt is made to establish population subgroups in patients based on the genotype found and the aggressiveness of the cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 231 patients with sporadic prostate cancer and 68 controls were selected. The subjects were selected by an urologist using clinical parameters such as PSA level and Gleason score. Both groups (patients and controls) were genotyped in RNASEL gene by sequencing the exons 1 and 3. RESULTS Statistically significant differences were found between controls and patients in some of the genotyped regions of the RNASEL gene (I97L, D541E and R462Q). CONCLUSIONS Thanks to the genetic profile in some regions of the genoma, such as the RNASEL gene, together with the combination of the clinical and environmental parameters, we can suggest a care and more personalized follow-up of each patient.
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19
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Kleinmann N, Zaorsky NG, Showalter TN, Gomella LG, Lallas CD, Trabulsi EJ. The effect of ethnicity and sexual preference on prostate-cancer-related quality of life. Nat Rev Urol 2012; 9:258-65. [DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2012.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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20
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Predictive value in the analysis of RNASEL genotypes in relation to prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2011; 15:144-9. [PMID: 22083266 DOI: 10.1038/pcan.2011.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We would like to compare the different RNASEL genotypes with the stage of the cancer using parameters such as PSA levels, Gleason score and T-stage, and to develop a clinical protocol for the monitoring of the disease for trying a better evolution of the patient. METHODS A total of 231 patients with sporadic prostate cancer and 100 of controls were genotyped in RNASEL gene by sequencing the exons 1 and 3. A survey of clinical information was collected by a specialist following the Helsinki protocol. All patients and controls were interviewed by a researcher and signed their informed consent to participation in the study, which was approved by Ethics Committee of the hospital. The genetic information was processed and collected with an ABI PRISM Genetic Analyser 3130 using SeqScape software v.2.6. All the patients were analysed by comparing the genetic and clinical data. χ(2)-tests, Monte Carlo, Fisher tests and contigency tables were performed using SPSS v.15.0 and ARLEQUIN v.3.5 software on patient population. RESULTS Significant differences were found only between patients and controls in D541E, R461Q and I97L genotypes, the remainder of the variants did not seem relevant to our population in contrast to other populations, such as north-Caucasians, Afro Americans and Ashkenazi Jews. The genotypes associated with the worst prognoses are G/G in D541E, A/A in R462Q and A/G in I97L. The controls were included in our study to determine an approximation of the genotype in our population compared with the patients, but they did not account for the statistical process. CONCLUSIONS The genetic profile of patients with this cancer combined with other parameters could be used as a prognosis factor in deciding to give more radical and frequent treatments, depending on personal genotype.
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21
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Kimura T. East meets West: ethnic differences in prostate cancer epidemiology between East Asians and Caucasians. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2011; 31:421-9. [PMID: 22085526 PMCID: PMC3777503 DOI: 10.5732/cjc.011.10324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most prevalent cancer in males in Western countries. The reported incidence in Asia is much lower than that in African Americans and European Caucasians. Although the lack of systematic prostate cancer screening system in Asian countries explains part of the difference, this alone cannot fully explain the lower incidence in Asian immigrants in the United States and west-European countries compared to the black and non-Hispanic white in those countries, nor the somewhat better prognosis in Asian immigrants with prostate cancer in the United States. Soy food consumption, more popular in Asian populations, is associated with a 25% to 30% reduced risk of prostate cancer. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is the only established and routinely implemented clinical biomarker for prostate cancer detection and disease status. Other biomarkers, such as urinary prostate cancer antigen 3 RNA, may increase accuracy of prostate cancer screening compared to PSA alone. Several susceptible loci have been identified in genetic linkage analyses in populations of countries in the West, and approximately 30 genetic polymorphisms have been reported to modestly increase the prostate cancer risk in genome-wide association studies. Most of the identified polymorphisms are reproducible regardless of ethnicity. Somatic mutations in the genomes of prostate tumors have been repeatedly reported to include deletion and gain of the 8p and 8q chromosomal regions, respectively; epigenetic gene silencing of glutathione S-transferase Pi (GSTP1); as well as mutations in androgen receptor gene. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying carcinogenesis, aggressiveness, and prognosis of prostate cancer remain largely unknown. Gene-gene and/or gene-environment interactions still need to be learned. In this review, the differences in PSA screening practice, reported incidence and prognosis of prostate cancer, and genetic factors between the populations in East and West factors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Kimura
- Epidemiology, Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., Tokyo 101-0065, Japan.
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22
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Fesinmeyer MD, Kwon EM, Fu R, Ostrander EA, Stanford JL. Genetic variation in RNASEL and risk for prostate cancer in a population-based case-control study. Prostate 2011; 71:1538-47. [PMID: 21360564 PMCID: PMC3130811 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Linkage studies have implicated chromosome 1q24 as a putative locus for hereditary prostate cancer. The RNASEL gene maps to 1q24 and has been associated with prostate cancer risk in multiple family-based linkage studies. The RNASEL gene product combats viral infection by degrading viral RNA and inducing apoptosis of infected cells. Few studies have evaluated the role of RNASEL variants in unselected or sporadic prostate cancer, or have considered the potential interaction between RNASEL variants and patient characteristics associated with past infection. METHODS Ten SNPs in the RNASEL gene were genotyped in 1,308 prostate cancer cases and 1,267 age-matched controls from prior population-based, case-control studies. The association between each SNP and haplotype with prostate cancer risk was calculated using logistic regression. Associations stratified by Gleason score were evaluated using polytomous regression. The likelihood ratio test was used to investigate effect modification. RESULTS Two RNASEL SNPs were associated with overall increases in prostate cancer risk (OR = 1.13 for each variant allele of rs12723593; OR = 1.88 for any variant allele of rs56250729). Risk estimates did not vary substantially by Gleason score, but there was effect modification for the variant allele of rs635261 by history of prostatitis (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS This study identified three RNASEL variants that are associated with risk for prostate cancer. Further research is required to confirm these results and to better understand the potential role RNASEL variants may play in the etiology of sporadic prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan D. Fesinmeyer
- Epidemiology Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Erika M. Kwon
- Cancer Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rong Fu
- Epidemiology Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elaine A. Ostrander
- Cancer Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Janet L. Stanford
- Epidemiology Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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23
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Wei B, Xu Z, Ruan J, Zhu M, Jin K, Zhou D, Yan Z, Xuan F, Zhou H, Huang X, Zhang J, Lu P, Shao J. RNASEL Asp541Glu and Arg462Gln polymorphisms in prostate cancer risk: evidences from a meta-analysis. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:2347-53. [PMID: 21656378 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-0985-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have evaluated the association between RNASEL Asp541Glu and Arg462Gln polymorphisms and prostate cancer (PCa) risk. However, the results remain inconclusive. To derive a more precise estimation of the association between RNASEL polymorphisms and PCa risk, we performed a meta-analysis based on nineteen case-control studies. We used odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the strength of the association. Overall, we found that both Asp541Glu and Arg462Gln polymorphisms were not associated with PCa risk (for Asp541Glu polymorphism: Glu/Glu vs. Asp/Asp: OR 1.17, 95% CI: 0.95-1.45, P = 0.13; Glu/Asp vs. Asp/Asp: OR 1.02, 95% CI: 0.92-1.14, P = 0.70; for Arg462Gln polymorphism: Gln/Gln vs. Arg/Arg: OR 0.98, 95% CI: 0.88-1.08, P = 0.62; Gln/Arg vs. Arg/Arg: OR 0.97, 95% CI: 0.91-1.04, P = 0.53). The insignificant association was maintained in the dominant and the recessive genetic models. In subgroup analyses, the significant association was not detected in Caucasian populations. However, we found the significant association of RNASEL Asp541Glu polymorphism with sporadic PCa (Glu/Glu vs. Asp/Asp: OR 1.29, 95% CI: 1.04-1.59, P = 0.02; Glu/Asp vs. Asp/Asp: OR 1.24, 95% CI: 1.03-1.50, P = 0.03). In conclusion, we found that these RNASEL polymorphisms were not related to overall PCa risk, especially in Caucasians. However, in subgroup analyses we found a suggestion that RNASEL 541Gln allele might be a low-penetrent risk factor for sporadic PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Wei
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi 214023, China.
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Mi YY, Zhu LJ, Wu S, Feng NH. An update analysis of two polymorphisms in encoding ribonuclease L gene and prostate cancer risk: involving 13,372 cases and 11,953 controls. GENES AND NUTRITION 2011; 6:397-402. [PMID: 21499914 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-011-0221-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2010] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Encoding ribonuclease L (RNASEL) is a ubiquitously expressed latent endoribonuclease involved in the mediation of antiviral and pro-apoptotic activities of the interferon-inducible 2-5A system. Although the relationship between RNASEL gene polymorphisms and prostate cancer (PCa) risk has been widely reported, results were somewhat controversial and underpowered. Now, we performed an update analysis of 14 publications evaluating the association between RNASEL R462Q and D541E polymorphisms and PCa risk. We conducted a literature search of PubMed database to identify all eligible articles that examined the association of RNASEL R462Q and D541E polymorphisms with PCa. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated to assess these association. R462Q showed a significantly elevated effect on Africans (QQ vs. RR: OR = 2.50, 95% CI = 1.28-4.87, P (heterogeneity) = 0.231). In addition, PCa men who contain 462Q genotype had a higher Gleason score ≥ 7 (OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.05-1.28, P (heterogeneity) = 0.906). On the other hand, D541E was associated with increased total PCa. In the stratified analysis by race, there was also significantly increased PCa in Africans and Caucasians, as well as in sporadic PCa studies (OR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.04-1.15, P (heterogeneity) = 0.078). Our update analysis showed evidence that RNASEL R462Q and D541E polymorphisms were associated with PCa risk. Still more well-designed studies should be performed to clarify the role of these two polymorphisms in the development of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Mi
- Department of Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 585 Xingyuan Road, 214041, Wuxi, China,
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25
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Furuta RA, Miyazawa T, Sugiyama T, Kuratsune H, Ikeda Y, Sato E, Misawa N, Nakatomi Y, Sakuma R, Yasui K, Yamaguti K, Hirayama F. No association of xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus with prostate cancer or chronic fatigue syndrome in Japan. Retrovirology 2011; 8:20. [PMID: 21414229 PMCID: PMC3065418 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-8-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The involvement of xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) in prostate cancer (PC) and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is disputed as its reported prevalence ranges from 0% to 25% in PC cases and from 0% to more than 80% in CFS cases. To evaluate the risk of XMRV infection during blood transfusion in Japan, we screened three populations--healthy donors (n = 500), patients with PC (n = 67), and patients with CFS (n = 100)--for antibodies against XMRV proteins in freshly collected blood samples. We also examined blood samples of viral antibody-positive patients with PC and all (both antibody-positive and antibody-negative) patients with CFS for XMRV DNA. Results Antibody screening by immunoblot analysis showed that a fraction of the cases (1.6-3.0%) possessed anti-Gag antibodies regardless of their gender or disease condition. Most of these antibodies were highly specific to XMRV Gag capsid protein, but none of the individuals in the three tested populations retained strong antibody responses to multiple XMRV proteins. In the viral antibody-positive PC patients, we occasionally detected XMRV genes in plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells but failed to isolate an infectious or full-length XMRV. Further, all CFS patients tested negative for XMRV DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Conclusion Our data show no solid evidence of XMRV infection in any of the three populations tested, implying that there is no association between the onset of PC or CFS and XMRV infection in Japan. However, the lack of adequate human specimens as a positive control in Ab screening and the limited sample size do not allow us to draw a firm conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rika A Furuta
- Department of Research, Japanese Red Cross Osaka Blood Center, 2-4-43 Morinomiya, Joto-ku, Osaka 536-8505, Japan.
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26
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Zhang LF, Mi YY, Qin C, Wang Y, Cao Q, Wei JF, Zhou YJ, Feng NH, Zhang W. RNASEL -1385G/A polymorphism and cancer risk: a meta-analysis based on 21 case-control studies. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 38:5099-105. [PMID: 21221811 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0657-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Accepted: 12/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Polymorphisms in the endoribonuclease L (RNASEL) gene have been hypothesized to increase the incidence of cancer. The common sequence variation in RNASEL, -1385G/A (rs486907) has been involved in several types of cancer risk. However, results of the related published studies remained conflicting rather than conclusive. To clarify the role of RNASEL -1385G/A genotype in global cancer, we performed a meta-analysis of all the available published studies involving 8,732 cancer patients and 8,748 control subjects. The overall results indicated that there was no major influence of the variant on cancer risk. However, stratified analysis by ethnicity showed that the RNASEL -1385G/A polymorphism has an increased cancer risk in African descendents in the homozygote comparison (OR = 2.59, 95% CI = 1.27-5.27), although no association was found in the analysis stratified by cancer type (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 0.94-1.35). This meta-analysis suggested that the RNASEL -1385G/A polymorphism is associated with cancer risk in African descendents. To draw more comprehensive conclusions, further prospective studies with larger numbers of participants worldwide are still required to examine associations between RNASEL -1385G/A polymorphism and cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Feng Zhang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
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Menéndez-Arias L. Evidence and controversies on the role of XMRV in prostate cancer and chronic fatigue syndrome. Rev Med Virol 2010; 21:3-17. [PMID: 21294212 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Revised: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The recent discovery of xenotropic murine leukaemia virus-related virus (XMRV) in prostate cancer tissues and in the blood of individuals suffering from chronic fatigue syndrome has attracted considerable interest. However, the relevance and significance of XMRV to human disease remain unclear, since the association has not been confirmed in other studies. XMRV is the first gammaretrovirus to be found in humans. XMRV and murine leukaemia viruses share similar structures and genomic organisation. Human restriction factors such as APOBEC3 or tetherin inhibit XMRV replication. Although XMRV induces low rates of transformation in cell culture, it might be able to induce cancer by low-frequency insertional activation of oncogenes or through the generation of highly active transforming viruses. A preference for regulatory regions of transcriptional active genes has been observed after a genomic-wide analysis of XMRV integration sites. Genes related to carcinogenesis and androgen signalling have been identified in the vicinity of integration sites. The XMRV genome contains a glucocorticoid responsive element, and androgens could modulate viral replication in the prostate. Evidence supporting the involvement of XMRV in chronic fatigue syndrome is still very weak, and needs further confirmation and validation. Currently approved anti-retroviral drugs such as zidovudine, tenofovir and raltegravir are efficient inhibitors of XMRV replication in vitro. These drugs might be useful to treat XMRV infection in humans. The identification of XMRV has potentially serious health implications for the implementation of novel techniques including gene therapy or xenotransplantation, while raising concerns on the need for screening donated blood to prevent transmission through transfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Menéndez-Arias
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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Agalliu I, Leanza SM, Smith L, Trent JM, Carpten JD, Bailey-Wilson JE, Burk RD. Contribution of HPC1 (RNASEL) and HPCX variants to prostate cancer in a founder population. Prostate 2010; 70:1716-27. [PMID: 20564318 PMCID: PMC3404133 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is a genetically complex disease with locus and disease heterogeneity. The RNASEL gene and HPCX locus have been implicated in hereditary prostate cancer; however, their contributions to sporadic forms of this malignancy remain uncertain. METHODS Associations of prostate cancer with two variants in the RNASEL gene (a founder mutation, 471delAAAG, and a non-synonymous SNP, rs486907), and with five microsatellite markers in the HPCX locus, were examined in 979 cases and 1,251 controls of Ashkenazi Jewish descent. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using logistic regression models. RESULTS There was an inverse association between RNASEL rs486907 and prostate cancer in younger men (<65 years) and those with a first-degree relative with prostate cancer; men with AA genotype had ORs of 0.64 and 0.47 (both P < 0.05), respectively, in comparison to men with GG genotype. Within the HPCX region, there were positive associations for allele 135 of bG82i1.1 marker (OR = 1.77, P = 0.01) and allele 188 of DXS1205 (OR = 1.65, P = 0.02). In addition, allele 248 of marker D33 was inversely associated (OR = 0.65, P = 0.05) with Gleason score ≥7 tumors. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that variants in RNASEL contribute to susceptibility to early onset and familial forms of prostate cancer, whereas HPCX variants are associated with prostate cancer risk and tumor aggressiveness. The observation that a mutation predicted to completely inactivate RNASEL protein was not associated with prostate cancer, but that a missense variant was associated, suggests that the effect is due to either partial inactivation of the protein, and/or acquisition of a new protein activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilir Agalliu
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Suzanne M. Leanza
- Department of Pediatrics (Genetics), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Lorrie Smith
- Department of Pediatrics (Genetics), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Jeffrey M. Trent
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona
| | - John D. Carpten
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Joan E. Bailey-Wilson
- Inherited Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Robert D. Burk
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Department of Pediatrics (Genetics), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology; and Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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Mi Y, Yu Q, Min Z, Xu B, Zhang L, Zhang W, Feng N, Hua L. Arg462Gln and Asp541Glu polymorphisms in ribonuclease L and prostate cancer risk: a meta-analysis. J Biomed Res 2010; 24:365-73. [PMID: 23554651 PMCID: PMC3596682 DOI: 10.1016/s1674-8301(10)60049-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The association between ribonuclease L (RNASEL) gene polymorphisms and prostate cancer risk has been widely reported, but the results of these studies remained controversial and underpowered. We performed a meta-analysis of 28 studies to evaluate the association between Arg462Gln and Asp541Glu polymorphisms in the RNASEL gene and prostate cancer risk. Methods Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated to assess the association between RNASEL polymorphisms and prostate cancer risk. Results A significantly increased prostate cancer risk was found for the Arg462Gln polymorphism in Africans (Gln/Gln vs Arg/Arg: OR = 2.50, 95%CI = 1.28-4.87; Gln/Gln vs Gln/Arg + Arg/Arg: OR = 2.54, 95%CI = 1.30-4.95), but not in Europeans and Asians. Additionally, the Asp541Glu polymorphism was associated with increased total prostate cancer risk (Glu-allele vs Asp-allele: OR = 1.04, 95%CI = 1.01-1.07; Glu/Glu vs Asp/Asp: OR = 1.22, 95%CI = 1.03-1.46; Glu/Glu vs Glu/Asp + Asp/Asp: OR = 1.09, 95%CI = 1.02-1.16). In the stratified analysis for the Asp541Glu polymorphism, there was a significantly increased prostate cancer risk in Africans and Europeans, and in hospital-based prostate cancer cases. Conclusion The meta-analysis results showed evidence that RNASEL Arg462Gln and Asp541Glu polymorphisms are associated with prostate cancer risk and could be low-penetrance prostate cancer susceptibility biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Mi
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
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Meyer MS, Penney KL, Stark JR, Schumacher FR, Sesso HD, Loda M, Fiorentino M, Finn S, Flavin RJ, Kurth T, Price AL, Giovannucci EL, Fall K, Stampfer MJ, Ma J, Mucci LA. Genetic variation in RNASEL associated with prostate cancer risk and progression. Carcinogenesis 2010; 31:1597-603. [PMID: 20576793 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgq132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Variation in genes contributing to the host immune response may mediate the relationship between inflammation and prostate carcinogenesis. RNASEL at chromosome 1q25 encodes ribonuclease L, part of the interferon-mediated immune response to viral infection. We therefore investigated the association between variation in RNASEL and prostate cancer risk and progression in a study of 1286 cases and 1264 controls nested within the prospective Physicians' Health Study. Eleven single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected using the web-based 'Tagger' in the HapMap CEPH panel (Utah residents of Northern and Western European Ancestry). Unconditional logistic regression models assessed the relationship between each SNP and incident advanced stage (T(3)/T(4), T(0)-T(4)/M(1) and lethal disease) and high Gleason grade (>/=7) prostate cancer. Further analyses were stratified by calendar year of diagnosis. Cox proportional hazards models examined the relationship between genotype and prostate cancer-specific survival. We also explored associations between genotype and serum inflammatory biomarkers interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptor 2 using linear regression. Individuals homozygous for the variant allele of rs12757998 had an increased risk of prostate cancer [AA versus GG; odds ratio (OR): 1.63, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.18-2.25), and more specifically, high-grade tumors (OR: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.25-2.89). The same genotype was associated with increased CRP (P = 0.02) and IL-6 (P = 0.05) levels. Missense mutations R462Q and D541E were associated with an increased risk of advanced stage disease only in the pre-prostate-specific antigen era. There were no significant associations with survival. The results of this study support a link between RNASEL and prostate cancer and suggest that the association may be mediated through inflammation. These novel findings warrant replication in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara S Meyer
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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Hohn O, Krause H, Barbarotto P, Niederstadt L, Beimforde N, Denner J, Miller K, Kurth R, Bannert N. Lack of evidence for xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus(XMRV) in German prostate cancer patients. Retrovirology 2009; 6:92. [PMID: 19835577 PMCID: PMC2770519 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-6-92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2009] [Accepted: 10/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A novel gammaretrovirus named xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) has been recently identified and found to have a prevalence of 40% in prostate tumor samples from American patients carrying a homozygous R462Q mutation in the RNaseL gene. This mutation impairs the function of the innate antiviral type I interferon pathway and is a known susceptibility factor for prostate cancer. Here, we attempt to measure the prevalence of XMRV in prostate cancer cases in Germany and determine whether an analogous association with the R462Q polymorphism exists. Results 589 prostate tumor samples were genotyped by real-time PCR with regard to the RNaseL mutation. DNA and RNA samples from these patients were screened for the presence of XMRV-specific gag sequences using a highly sensitive nested PCR and RT-PCR approach. Furthermore, 146 sera samples from prostate tumor patients were tested for XMRV Gag and Env antibodies using a newly developed ELISA assay. In agreement with earlier data, 12.9% (76 samples) were shown to be of the QQ genotype. However, XMRV specific sequences were detected at neither the DNA nor the RNA level. Consistent with this result, none of the sera analyzed from prostate cancer patients contained XMRV-specific antibodies. Conclusion Our results indicate a much lower prevalence (or even complete absence) of XMRV in prostate tumor patients in Germany. One possible reason for this could be a geographically restricted incidence of XMRV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Hohn
- Robert Koch-Institute, Centre for Biological Safety 4, Nordufer 20, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
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Vasto S, Carruba G, Candore G, Italiano E, Di Bona D, Caruso C. Inflammation and prostate cancer. Future Oncol 2008; 4:637-45. [PMID: 18922121 DOI: 10.2217/14796694.4.5.637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer remains a major health concern for the male population throughout the Western world. It is today widely accepted that inflammation has a role in many human cancers. In fact, inflammation is thought to incite carcinogenesis by causing cell and genome damage, promoting cellular turnover and creating a tissue microenvironment that can enhance cell replication, angiogenesis and tissue repair. Accordingly, there is a body of literature suggesting a link between chronic inflammation and prostate cancer, in which prostate inflammation may contribute to the promotion of prostate cancer development. On the other hand, high levels of endogenous gonadal steroids are considered as risk factors for prostate cancer. Interestingly, it is clear that elevation of estrogens in the presence of testosterone results in a prostate-specific inflammatory response. Thus, it is possible that early inflammatory events stimulated by sex hormones serve as a prerequisite for the onset of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya Vasto
- Department of Pathobiology and Biomedical Methodologies, Immunohaemathology and Transfusion Medicine Unit, University Hospital, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
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Robbins CM, Hernandez W, Ahaghotu C, Bennett J, Hoke G, Mason T, Pettaway CA, Vijayakumar S, Weinrich S, Furbert-Harris P, Dunston G, Powell IJ, Carpten JD, Kittles RA. Association of HPC2/ELAC2 and RNASEL non-synonymous variants with prostate cancer risk in African American familial and sporadic cases. Prostate 2008; 68:1790-7. [PMID: 18767027 PMCID: PMC4097307 DOI: 10.1002/pros.20841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The RNASEL and HPC2/ELAC2 genes have been implicated in hereditary prostate cancer. Further assessment of the role of these genes in sporadic prostate cancer in African American men (AAM) is warranted. METHODS Genotyping of HPC2/ELAC2 variants (S217L, A541T), along with RNASEL variants (R462Q and E541D) was completed in 155 African American sporadic and 88 familial prostate cancer cases, and 296 healthy male controls. Logistic regression analysis was performed and odds ratios (OR) were calculated, while correcting for both age and population stratification using admixture informative markers. RESULTS The HPC2/ELAC2 217L allele was significantly associated with risk of prostate cancer when taking all cases into account (OR = 1.6; 1.0-2.6; P = 0.03). The RNASEL 541D allele was associated with a decrease in risk of prostate cancer in sporadic cases (OR = 0.4; 0.2-0.8; P = 0.01). We did not detect an association between prostate cancer risk and the RNASEL R462Q variant. Results from haplotype analyses of the two RNASEL variants revealed highly significant differences in haplotype allele frequencies between cases and controls suggesting a synergistic effect at the RNASEL locus. One haplotype in particular (462R-541D) is far more frequent in our control population and shows a strong protective effect against prostate cancer (OR = 0.47, P = 8.1 x 10(-9)). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that HPC2/ELAC2 and RNASEL may play a role, however minor, in prostate cancer risk among AAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane M. Robbins
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Division of Integrated Cancer Genomics, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Wenndy Hernandez
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | | | | | - Gerald Hoke
- Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Curtis A. Pettaway
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Srinivasan Vijayakumar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UC Davis Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA
| | - Sally Weinrich
- Medical College of Georgia, School of Nursing, Augusta, GA
| | | | - Georgia Dunston
- National Human Genome Center, Howard University, Washington, D.C
| | - Isaac J. Powell
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - John D. Carpten
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Division of Integrated Cancer Genomics, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Rick A. Kittles
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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Madsen BE, Ramos EM, Boulard M, Duda K, Overgaard J, Nordsmark M, Wiuf C, Hansen LL. Germline mutation in RNASEL predicts increased risk of head and neck, uterine cervix and breast cancer. PLoS One 2008; 3:e2492. [PMID: 18575592 PMCID: PMC2424240 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2008] [Accepted: 05/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Background Ribonuclease L (RNASEL), encoding the 2′-5′-oligoadenylate (2-5A)-dependent RNase L, is a key enzyme in the interferon induced antiviral and anti-proliferate pathway. Mutations in RNASEL segregate with the disease in prostate cancer families and specific genotypes are associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer. Infection by human papillomavirus (HPV) is the major risk factor for uterine cervix cancer and for a subset of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). HPV, Epstein Barr virus (EBV) and sequences from mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) have been detected in breast tumors, and the presence of integrated SV40 T/t antigen in breast carcinomas correlates with an aggressive phenotype and poor prognosis. A genetic predisposition could explain why some viral infections persist and induce cancer, while others disappear spontaneously. This points at RNASEL as a strong susceptibility gene. Methodology/Principal Findings To evaluate the implication of an abnormal activity of RNase L in the onset and development of viral induced cancers, the study was initiated by searching for germline mutations in patients diagnosed with uterine cervix cancer. The rationale behind is that close to 100% of the cervix cancer patients have a persistent HPV infection, and if a defective RNase L were responsible for the lack of ability to clear the HPV infection, we would expect to find a wide spectrum of mutations in these patients, leading to a decreased RNase L activity. The HPV genotype was established in tumor DNA from 42 patients diagnosed with carcinoma of the uterine cervix and somatic tissue from these patients was analyzed for mutations by direct sequencing of all coding and regulatory regions of RNASEL. Fifteen mutations, including still uncharacterized, were identified. The genotype frequencies of selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) established in the cervix cancer patients were compared between 382 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), 199 patients with primary unilateral breast cancer and 502 healthy Danish control individuals. We found that the genotype frequencies of only one of the 15 mutations, the yet uncharacterized 5′UTR mutation rs3738579 differed significantly between cancer patients and control individuals (P-value: 4.43×10−5). Conclusion/Significance In conclusion, we have discovered an increased risk, a heterozygous advantage and thereby a protective effect linked to the RNASEL SNP rs3738579. This effect is found for patients diagnosed with carcinoma of the uterine cervix, HNSCC, and breast cancer thus pointing at RNASEL as a general marker for cancer risk and not restricted to familial prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Eskerod Madsen
- Bioinformatics Research Center (BiRC), University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Mathieu Boulard
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Katarzyna Duda
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Overgaard
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, University Hospital of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marianne Nordsmark
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, University Hospital of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Carsten Wiuf
- Bioinformatics Research Center (BiRC), University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lise Lotte Hansen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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Shea PR, Ishwad CS, Bunker CH, Patrick AL, Kuller LH, Ferrell RE. RNASEL and RNASEL-inhibitor variation and prostate cancer risk in Afro-Caribbeans. Prostate 2008; 68:354-9. [PMID: 18189233 DOI: 10.1002/pros.20687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Afro-Caribbeans from Tobago are at high risk of developing prostate cancer. This elevated risk of prostate cancer is shared by populations of African ancestry living in diverse environments in the Western hemisphere. Variation in the ribonuclease L (RNASEL) gene has recently been reported to be associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer. However, whether RNASEL variation contributes to the increased risk of prostate cancer observed in populations of African ancestry remains unclear. METHODS We resequenced the positional candidate gene RNASEL in 48 prostate cancer cases and genotyped the previously reported R462Q and D541E polymorphisms in 230 prostate cancer cases and 458 controls. We also examined the inhibitor of RNASEL (ABCE1) for variation associated with prostate cancer risk. RESULTS We found no evidence of association between R462Q and D541E polymorphisms and prostate cancer risk in our case/control analysis. A novel variant (K294E) was identified in a single heterozygous individual with prostate cancer. We also observed a 20 bp insertion/deletion polymorphism 1,109 bp upstream of the initiation codon, but this variant was not associated with prostate cancer. We identified 16 single nucleotide polymorphisms in the ABCE1 gene, only 3 of which had a minor allele frequency >5%. A common A/G transition -1,071 bp from the transcriptional start site was genotyped and showed no evidence of association with prostate cancer. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that common variation in the putative prostate cancer susceptibility gene, RNASEL, or its inhibitor does not contribute significantly to prostate cancer risk in this Afro-Caribbean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick R Shea
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
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Summers K, Crespi B. Molecular evolution of the prostate cancer susceptibility locus RNASEL: evidence for positive selection. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2008; 8:297-301. [PMID: 18295551 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2008.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2007] [Revised: 01/10/2008] [Accepted: 01/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent research implicates viral infection as a factor that may contribute to the risk of prostate cancer. Allelic variation at the RNASEL locus is associated with the risk of infection by a newly discovered retrovirus called XMRV, and with hereditary risk of prostate cancer. This evidence suggests that the RNASEL locus has undergone antagonistic coevolution with the retrovirus over evolutionary time. If this is the case, then both the RNASEL locus and the retrovirus should show evidence of positive selection. Here we use molecular-evolutionary methods to investigate the prediction that the RNASEL locus will exhibit evidence of positive selection. We find evidence that positive selection has acted on this locus over evolutionary time. We further find, using a Bayesian estimation procedure, that Asp541Glu, which was found to be associated with prostate cancer risk in Caucasians in a recent meta-analysis, shows an elevated probability of positive selection. Previous studies provide evidence for rapid evolution of the infection-mediating gag gene in the XMRV retrovirus. Taken together, these results suggest that antagonistic coevolution may have occurred between a specific host locus involved in immune defense (RNASEL) and a viral pathogen. In turn, genetic variation associated with this apparent coevolution may influence susceptibility to prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Summers
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
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Shook SJ, Beuten J, Torkko KC, Johnson-Pais TL, Troyer DA, Thompson IM, Leach RJ. Association of RNASEL variants with prostate cancer risk in Hispanic Caucasians and African Americans. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13:5959-64. [PMID: 17908993 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-0702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The RNASEL gene at 1q25 has been identified as a hereditary prostate cancer susceptibility gene, but to date, no study has investigated the role of RNASEL variants in Hispanic Caucasian men with prostate cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Two RNASEL common variants, located at amino acids 462 and 541, were genotyped in non-Hispanic Caucasian, Hispanic Caucasian, and African American prostate cancer cases and controls. RESULTS The RNASEL 462 AA genotype was found to increase prostate cancer risk over 4-fold in Hispanic Caucasians [odds ratio (OR), 4.43; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.68-11.68; P = 0.003] and over 10-fold in African Americans (OR, 10.41; 95% CI, 2.62-41.40; P = 0.001) when compared with the GG genotype. Analysis of the RNASEL 541 variant showed that Hispanic Caucasian patients with the GG genotype had a statistically significant increase in their risk for developing prostate cancer when compared with the TT and GT genotypes (OR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.16-3.14; P = 0.01). A common G-T haplotype for the combination of the RNASEL 462 and 541 variants was found to occur more frequently in controls compared with cases in African Americans (P = 0.04) but not in non-Hispanic Caucasians or Hispanic Caucasians. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study that investigates the association of prostate cancer risk with RNASEL variants in Hispanic men. Our data support the role of RNASEL as a predisposition gene for prostate cancer and showed a significant association between the RNASEL 462 variant and prostate cancer risk in African Americans and Hispanic Caucasians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacie J Shook
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA
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Cybulski C, Wokołorczyk D, Jakubowska A, Gliniewicz B, Sikorski A, Huzarski T, Debniak T, Narod SA, Lubiński J. DNA variation in MSR1, RNASEL and E-cadherin genes and prostate cancer in Poland. Urol Int 2007; 79:44-9. [PMID: 17627168 DOI: 10.1159/000102913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2006] [Accepted: 10/11/2006] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We investigated whether or not inherited variation in MSR1, RNASEL and E-cadherin contribute to prostate cancer risk in Poland. MATERIAL AND METHODS We sequenced the coding region of these three genes in individuals from Poland and identified five common DNA variants (R462Q and D541E in RNASEL, R293X and P275A in MSR1, and 2076C>T (A692A) in E-cadherin). These five variants and the -160C>A promoter change in E-cadherin were genotyped in 737 prostate cancer cases and 511 controls. RESULTS The frequencies of genotyped variants in MSR1, RNASEL and E-cadherin genes in cases and controls were similar. We did not see any association for the studied variants when cases were stratified by age of diagnosis, by family history, by prostate-specific antigen level at the time of diagnosis, by Gleason sore or by tumor stage. CONCLUSIONS Inherited variation in RNASEL, MSR1 and E-cadherin genes do not seem to contribute to prostate cancer development in Poland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezary Cybulski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
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Sun J, Turner A, Xu J, Grönberg H, Isaacs W. Genetic variability in inflammation pathways and prostate cancer risk. Urol Oncol 2007; 25:250-9. [PMID: 17483024 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2006.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Genetic susceptibility to prostate cancer has been consistently observed by a large number of studies. Recently, several pieces of evidence obtained from epidemiological and pathological studies support that chronic inflammation in prostate tissues may play a role in prostate cancer development. Multiple genes that play critical roles in inflammatory pathways have been associated with prostate cancer risk. In this article we review the key genetic findings of the associated genes. This includes 2 genes identified through family studies, ribonuclease L (RNASEL) and macrophage scavenger receptor 1 (MSR1), as well as a number of genes suggested by case-control studies, such as macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1), interleukins (IL-8, IL-10), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM), and Toll-like receptors (TLR-4, TLR-1-6-10 gene cluster). Overall, recent studies seem to suggest multiple genes work together to increase prostate risk, and this is consistent with the reality that inflammation is a very complex process. Thus, future studies are expected to place an emphasis on the study of gene-gene interactions. Advances in high throughput genotyping, data mining, and algorithm development are needed in order to produce interpretable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jielin Sun
- Center for Human Genomics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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Daugherty SE, Hayes RB, Yeager M, Andriole GL, Chatterjee N, Huang WY, Isaacs WB, Platz EA. RNASEL Arg462Gln polymorphism and prostate cancer in PLCO. Prostate 2007; 67:849-54. [PMID: 17407163 DOI: 10.1002/pros.20537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Gln allele of the Arg462Gln polymorphism in RNASEL results in a threefold decrease in enzymatic activity, a reported deficiency in apoptotic response, and has been associated with prostate cancer in some high-risk family studies. The relationship of this variant to sporadic prostate cancer remains uncertain. METHODS We conducted a nested case-control study of 1,317 prostate cancer cases and 1,842 controls from the screening arm of the prostate, lung, colorectal, and ovarian (PLCO) cancer screening trial. Conditional logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between the RNASEL Arg462Gln polymorphism and prostate cancer. RESULTS No statistically significant association was observed between the Arg462Gln polymorphism and prostate cancer (compared to Arg/Arg, Gln/Arg: OR= 0.99 95% CI 0.84-1.16; Gln/Gln: OR= 0.95 95% CI 0.74-1.21), although slight non-significant differences in risk were observed among men with the Gln/Gln genotype by stage and grade. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the RNASEL Gln/Gln genotype does not play an important role in the etiology of prostate cancer in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Daugherty
- Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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Abstract
There are numerous molecular modifications known to occur in cancer. New nucleic acid-based biomarkers provide a unique approach to patient management in urologic oncology. Malignant transformation of a normal cell requires a series of epigenetic and genetic changes or "hits." Epigenetics produced by deoxyribonucleic acid methylation, adding a methyl group to the fifth position of cytosine within CpG dinucleotides, are important players in deoxyribonucleic acid repair, genome instability, and regulation of chromatin structure. Genetic alterations in cancer can include mutations, chromosome deletions, insertions, amplifications, and translocations. In addition, the modifications of telomeres are critical to the maintenance of chromatin structure, transcription, and cell function in cancer. We review only nucleic acid-based molecular biomarkers in urologic oncology that can assist the clinician in establishing the diagnosis of disease, or that can predict the behavior of the disease or the patient's survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Veltri
- Department of Urology, The Brady Urologic Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287-2101, USA.
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Lindström S, Zheng SL, Wiklund F, Jonsson BA, Adami HO, Bälter KA, Brookes AJ, Sun J, Chang BL, Liu W, Li G, Isaacs WB, Adolfsson J, Grönberg H, Xu J. Systematic replication study of reported genetic associations in prostate cancer: Strong support for genetic variation in the androgen pathway. Prostate 2006; 66:1729-43. [PMID: 16998812 DOI: 10.1002/pros.20489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Association studies have become a common and popular method to identify genetic variants predisposing to complex diseases. Despite considerable efforts and initial promising findings, the field of prostate cancer genetics is characterized by inconclusive reports and no prostate cancer gene has yet been established. METHODS We performed a literature review and identified 79 different polymorphisms reported to influence prostate cancer risk. Of these, 46 were selected and tested for association in a large Swedish population-based case-control prostate cancer population. RESULTS We observed significant (P < 0.05) confirmation for six polymorphisms located in five different genes. Three of them coded for key enzymes in the androgen biosynthesis and response pathway; the CAG repeat in the androgen receptor (AR) gene (P = 0.03), one SNP in the CYP17 gene (P = 0.04), two SNPs in the SRD5A2 gene (P = 0.02 and 0.02, respectively), a deletion of the GSTT1 gene (P = 0.006), and one SNP in the MSR1 gene, IVS5-59C > A, (P = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS Notwithstanding the difficulties to replicate findings in genetic association studies, our results strongly support the importance of androgen pathway genes in prostate cancer etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lindström
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, University of Umeå, Umeå, Sweden
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Abstract
PURPOSE Studies revealing conflicting results on the role of RNASEL polymorphisms Glu265X, Arg462Gln, and Asp541Glu on prostate cancer risk led us to perform a meta-analysis to investigate the association of these polymorphisms and prostate cancer risk. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Relevant studies were selected by searching PubMed from January 1996 to August 2005 using keywords "RNASEL gene AND prostate cancer." For each study, odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was calculated to estimate the gene effect. Pooled estimates of the OR were computed using the random effects model. RESULTS Ten studies were included in the meta-analysis. The overall results suggested no major influence of these variants on prostate cancer risk. However, analysis of the Asp541Glu polymorphism by ethnic populations showed that Asp/Glu (familial cases versus control: OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.04-1.82; sporadic cases versus control: OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.07-1.48; prostate cancer versus control: OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.12-1.48) and Asp/Glu + Glu/Glu (familial cases versus control: OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.10-1.70; sporadic cases versus control: OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.07-1.44; prostate cancer versus control: OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.13-1.44) increased prostate cancer risk in Caucasians, thus suggesting a dominant model for the Glu variant. CONCLUSIONS Compared with the genotype Asp/Asp, the Glu variant at the Asp541Glu polymorphism increases prostate cancer risk by <2-fold in Caucasians, regardless of family history of the disease. This suggests that genuine genetic effects of this polymorphism may account for only a part of prostate cancer in the Caucasian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihua Li
- Biostatistics Unit, Division of Clinical Trials and Epidemiological Sciences, National Cancer Centre, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore 129610, Singapore.
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Dagan E, Laitman Y, Levanon N, Feuer A, Sidi AA, Baniel J, Korach Y, Ben Baruch G, Friedman E, Gershoni-Baruch R. The 471delAAAG mutation and C353T polymorphism in the RNASEL gene in sporadic and inherited cancer in Israel. Fam Cancer 2006; 5:389-95. [PMID: 16944274 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-006-0010-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2006] [Accepted: 05/28/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The rate of RNASEL 471delAAAG mutation was previously reported to be less than 7% in Ashkenazi prostate cancer patients. It seems plausible that the same mutation may also be involved in breast/ovarian cancer predisposition in Jewish individuals. To evaluate the role of this mutation in cancer predisposition, a total of 1011 individuals including 294 Jewish men with prostate cancer, 61 Ashkenazi women with ovarian cancer and 50 unaffected women, matched for age and ethnicity, were genotyped for sequence anomalies in a single RNASEL gene amplicon using DGGE and sequencing. Additionally, 209 Ashkenazi BRCA1/2 mutation carriers, 205 high-risk non-carriers matched for cancer type and age at diagnosis, and 192 healthy Ashkenazi women were screened, using DHPLC and restriction methods. The 471delAAAG mutation was detected in a single male with prostate cancer (1/294, 0.3%), in two ovarian cancer patients (2/141, 1.4%) and in one of 242 healthy controls (0.41%). An abnormal DHPLC profile identical to the one produced by the 471delAAAG mutation was noted in 23 additional women. The rate of this polymorphism was significantly elevated in high-risk non-carrier women (16/205; 7.8%) than in BRCA1/2 carriers (2/209; 1.0%) and controls (5/192; 2.6%) (chi = 11.670; P < 0.001). Sequence analysis disclosed a silent polymorphism in Valine at codon 118: c.353 C- > T.The 471delAAAG mutation occurs rarely in Israeli prostate and breast/ovarian cancer patients. A silent polymorphism in the RNASEL gene occurs more prevalently in high-risk Ashkenazi breast/ovarian cancer patients without a BRCA1/2 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efrat Dagan
- Rambam Medical Center, Institute of Human Genetics, Haifa, Israel
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Okugi H, Nakazato H, Matsui H, Ohtake N, Nakata S, Suzuki K. Association of the polymorphisms of genes involved in androgen metabolism and signaling pathways with familial prostate cancer risk in a Japanese population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 30:262-8. [PMID: 16859836 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdp.2006.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2006] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Androgen plays a central role in the normal and malignant development of prostate glands. Genetic polymorphisms of genes involved in androgen metabolism and signaling might be associated with the risk of prostate cancer. METHODS One hundred and two patients with prostate cancer with a family history and 117 healthy age- and residence-matched male controls were enrolled. Genotypes of the CAG repeat length of androgen receptor (AR), CYP17, 5alpha-reductase type II (SRD5A2), UDG-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 2B15, PSA promoter genes were analyzed. RESULTS For single polymorphisms, the presence of Y alleles showed a significantly lower risk of prostate cancer in comparison with the D/D genotype in UGT2B15 (odds ratio [OR]=0.41, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.40-4.28, p=0.0015), and the presence of A2 alleles showed a weak tendency to decrease prostate cancer risk in comparison with the A1/A1 genotype in CYP17 (OR=0.69, 95% CI=0.39-1.23, p=0.21). The stratification of cases according to clinical stage and pathological grade showed that the A2/A2 genotype was significantly associated with localized stage cancer in comparison with metastatic stage cancer (OR=5.18, 95% CI=1.49-17.95, p=0.007). The combination of UGT2B15 and CYP17 genotypes could identify higher risk subjects even in subjects with low-risk UGT2B15 genotypes, i.e., Y/Y+D/Y genotypes (OR=1.97, 95% CI=0.92-4.22, p=0.079). CONCLUSION Genetic polymorphisms of the genes involved in androgen metabolism and signaling were significantly associated with familial prostate cancer risk. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of low-penetrance genes could be targets to understand genetic susceptibility to familial prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Okugi
- Department of Urology, Gunma University School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, 371-8511 Gunma, Japan
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Orr-Urtreger A, Bar-Shira A, Bercovich D, Matarasso N, Rozovsky U, Rosner S, Soloviov S, Rennert G, Kadouri L, Hubert A, Rennert H, Matzkin H. RNASEL Mutation Screening and Association Study in Ashkenazi and Non-Ashkenazi Prostate Cancer Patients. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006; 15:474-9. [PMID: 16537704 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-05-0606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiologic and genetic studies support the considerable effect of heritable factors on prostate tumorigenesis, although to date, no unequivocal susceptibility gene has been identified. The extensive study of RNASEL in prostate cancer patients worldwide has yielded conflicting results. We reevaluated the role of the RNASEL 471delAAAG Ashkenazi founder mutation in 1,642 Ashkenazi patients with prostate, bladder, breast/ovarian, and colon cancers; Ashkenazi controls; and in non-Ashkenazi prostate cancer patients and controls. The entire RNASEL coding sequence was also screened using denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification for possible sequence variations or copy number changes in a population of prostate cancer patients. The 471delAAAG mutation was detected in 2.4% of the Ashkenazi prostate cancer patients; in 1.9% of patients with bladder, breast/ovarian, and colon cancers; and in 2.0% of the Ashkenazi controls. Seven additional variants were detected in RNASEL, including a novel potentially pathogenic splice site mutation, IVS5+1delG, although none were associated with increased prostate cancer risk. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification analysis showed two RNASEL gene copies in all 300 prostate cancer patients tested. We estimated that the RNASEL 471delAAAG founder mutation, which was detected in 2% of the Ashkenazi Jews, originated between the 2nd and 5th centuries A.D., compared with the less frequent (1%) BRCA1 185delAG founder mutation, which originated hundreds of years earlier. Taken together, our analysis does not support a role for the RNASEL 471delAAAG Ashkenazi mutation nor for the other alterations detected in RNASEL in prostate cancer risk in Jewish men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avi Orr-Urtreger
- Genetic Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizmann Street, 64239 Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Bartsch DK, Fendrich V, Slater EP, Sina-Frey M, Rieder H, Greenhalf W, Chaloupka B, Hahn SA, Neoptolemos JP, Kress R. RNASEL germline variants are associated with pancreatic cancer. Int J Cancer 2006; 117:718-22. [PMID: 15981205 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.21254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The RNASEL (encoding ribonuclease L) gene Glu265X mutation has been implicated in familial prostate cancer, and an association between the RNASEL Arg462Gln variant and sporadic and familial prostate cancer, has also been suggested. Because prostate cancer occurs in some familial pancreatic cancer families, we evaluated the role of the RNASEL gene variants Glu265X and Arg462Gln in the etiology of pancreatic cancer. Exon 2 of the RNASEL gene was directly sequenced in the germline of 36 familial and 75 sporadic pancreatic cancer patients and in 108 controls. The Glu265X mutation was identified in one (2.8%) familial and one (1.3%) sporadic pancreatic cancer case, but not in any of the controls. Arg462Gln variants were identified in 61 (56%) controls and in 55 (73%) sporadic pancreatic cancer cases with 8 (7%) and 12 (16%) homozygotes, respectively (p = 0.009). For homozygous carriers the increased risk for pancreatic cancer was 3.5 (odds ratio [OR] = 3.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.11-11.46, p = 0.03). The population attributable fraction (PAF) was 38.7% (95% CI = 0.08-0.80). In familial pancreatic cancer no association between Arg462Gln genotypes and pancreatic cancer risk was evident. In sporadic pancreatic cancer there were no significant differences between Arg462Gln genotypes regarding clinical characteristics. In familial pancreatic cancer, however, patients with Arg462Gln variants had more aggressive tumors with more high grade cancers (OR = 15.40, p = 0.009) and more distant metastases (OR = 7.00, p = 0.04) than patients with the wild-type genotype. Our results suggest that RNASEL variants Glu265X and Arg462Gln may contribute to the tumorigenesis of sporadic and familial pancreatic cancer, which has to be proven in large scale studies.
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Abstract
The molecular pathology of prostate cancer is complex; not only are multiple genes involved in its pathogenesis, but additional environmental factors such as diet and inflammation are also involved. The exhaustive research into prostate cancer to date has demonstrated a complex interaction of multiple genes and environmental factors, some of which may be more important in individual prostate cancer cases. This is an exciting era, with the emergence of new investigative tools such as DNA microarray technology and the application of the field of proteomics to the study of human cancers. Knowledge of genetic changes underlying the initiation, development, and progression of prostate cancer is accumulating rapidly. With increasing knowledge, it may be possible to distinguish indolent from aggressive prostate tumours by molecular fingerprinting. This review discusses the most consistently reported molecular pathological findings in hereditary and sporadic prostate cancer, together with new concepts and technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hughes
- Pathology Department, Trinity College Dublin and Coombe Women's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Krüger S, Silber AS, Engel C, Görgens H, Mangold E, Pagenstecher C, Holinski-Feder E, von Knebel Doeberitz M, Moeslein G, Dietmaier W, Stemmler S, Friedl W, Rüschoff J, Schackert HK. Arg462Gln sequence variation in the prostate-cancer-susceptibility gene RNASEL and age of onset of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer: a case-control study. Lancet Oncol 2005; 6:566-72. [PMID: 16054567 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(05)70253-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND RNASEL is thought to be a susceptibility gene for hereditary prostate cancer and encodes the endoribonuclease RNase L, which has a role in apoptosis and is a candidate tumour-suppressor protein. A common sequence variation in RNASEL, Arg462Gln, has been associated with hereditary and sporadic prostate cancer, and the Gln variant has about three-fold reduced RNase activity in vitro. In view of the association between the age of onset of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer and functionally different variants of P53, which play a key part in the apoptotic pathway, we aimed to assess whether the Arg462Gln variation of RNASEL affects the age of onset of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer. METHODS We screened 251 patients with hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer who were unrelated, had pathogenic germline mutations in MSH2 (n=141) or MLH1 (n=110), and had colorectal carcinoma as the first tumour, for variation at codon 462 of RNASEL and compared them with 439 healthy controls. FINDINGS The median age of onset was 40 years (range 17-75) for patients with an Arg/Arg genotype at codon 462, 37 years (13-69) for patients with an Arg/Gln genotype, and 34 years (20-49) for those with a Gln/Gln genotype (p=0.0198). Only the RNASEL genotype had a significant effect on age of onset (p=0.0062) in an additive mode of inheritance. Pair-wise comparisons between genotype groups showed that the two homozygous groups (ie, Arg/Arg vs Gln/Gln) differed significantly in age of disease onset (mean age difference 4.8 years [SD 1.7], p=0.0044). INTERPRETATION A sequence variation in the prostate-cancer-susceptibility gene RNASEL has a role in a different, unassociated malignant disease. Genotypes at RNASEL codon 462 are associated with age of onset of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer in a dose-dependent way, and might have a role in preventive strategies for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Krüger
- Department of Surgical Research, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany.
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Rennert H, Zeigler-Johnson CM, Addya K, Finley MJ, Walker AH, Spangler E, Leonard DGB, Wein A, Malkowicz SB, Rebbeck TR. Association of susceptibility alleles in ELAC2/HPC2, RNASEL/HPC1, and MSR1 with prostate cancer severity in European American and African American men. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2005; 14:949-57. [PMID: 15824169 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-04-0637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reported associations of ELAC2/HPC2, RNASEL/HPC1, and MSR1 with prostate cancer have been inconsistent and understudied in African Americans. We evaluated the role of 16 sequence variants in these genes with prostate cancer using 888 European American and 131 African American cases, and 473 European American and 163 African American, controls. We observed significant differences in ELAC2, RNASEL, and MSR1 allele frequencies by race. However, we did not observe significant associations between prostate cancer and any variants examined for both races combined. Associations were observed when stratified by race, family history, or disease severity. European American men homozygous for MSR1 IVS7delTTA had an elevated risk for localized stage [odds ratio, (OR), 3.5; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.4-6.9], low-grade (OR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.4-7.3) disease overall, and with low-grade (OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.2-7.2) or late-stage disease (OR, 5.2; 95% CI, 1.1-25.7) in family history-negative African Americans. MSR1 Arg293X was associated with family history-negative high-grade disease (OR, 4.0; 95% CI, 1.1-14.1) in European Americans. RNASEL Arg462Gln was associated with low-grade (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.04-2.2) and early-stage (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.02-2.1) disease in family history-negative European Americans. In family history-positive individuals, Arg462Gln was inversely associated with low-grade (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.21-0.88) and low-stage (OR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.22-0.95) disease. In African Americans, Arg462Gln was associated with positive family history high-stage disease (OR, 14.8; 95% CI, 1.6-135.7). Meta-analyses revealed significant associations of prostate cancer with MSR1 IVS7delTTA, -14,742 A>G, and Arg293X in European Americans; Asp174Tyr in African Americans; RNASEL Arg462Gln in European American's overall and in family history-negative disease; and Glu265X in family history-positive European Americans. Therefore, MSR1 and RNASEL may play a role in prostate cancer progression and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Rennert
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Health System, 7 Gates West, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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