1
|
Translational medicine: Challenges and new orthopaedic vision (Mediouni-Model). CURRENT ORTHOPAEDIC PRACTICE 2020. [DOI: 10.1097/bco.0000000000000846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
2
|
Gross AC, Cam H, Phelps DA, Saraf AJ, Bid HK, Cam M, London CA, Winget SA, Arnold MA, Brandolini L, Mo X, Hinckley JM, Houghton PJ, Roberts RD. IL-6 and CXCL8 mediate osteosarcoma-lung interactions critical to metastasis. JCI Insight 2018; 3:99791. [PMID: 30135299 PMCID: PMC6141177 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.99791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS), a malignant tumor of bone, kills through aggressive metastatic spread almost exclusively to the lung. Mechanisms driving this tropism for lung tissue remain unknown, though likely invoke specific interactions between tumor cells and other cells within the lung metastatic niche. Aberrant overexpression of ΔNp63 in OS cells directly drives production of IL-6 and CXCL8. All these factors were expressed at higher levels in OS lung metastases than in matched primary tumors from the same patients. Expression in cell lines correlated strongly with lung colonization efficiency in murine xenograft models. Lentivirus-mediated expression endowed poorly metastatic OS cells with increased metastatic capacity. Disruption of IL-6 and CXCL8 signaling using genetic or pharmaceutical inhibitors had minimal effects on tumor cell proliferation in vitro or in vivo, but combination treatment inhibited metastasis across multiple models of metastatic OS. Strong interactions occurred between OS cells and both primary bronchial epithelial cells and bronchial smooth muscle cells that drove feed-forward amplification of IL-6 and CXCL8 production. These results identify IL-6 and CXCL8 as primary mediators of OS lung tropism and suggest pleiotropic, redundant mechanisms by which they might effect metastasis. Combination therapy studies demonstrate proof of concept for targeting these tumor-lung interactions to affect metastatic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Gross
- Center for Childhood Cancer, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Hakan Cam
- Center for Childhood Cancer, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Doris A Phelps
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Amanda J Saraf
- The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and BMT, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Hemant K Bid
- Center for Childhood Cancer, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Maren Cam
- Center for Childhood Cancer, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Cheryl A London
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences and Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah A Winget
- Center for Childhood Cancer, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael A Arnold
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Xiaokui Mo
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - John M Hinckley
- Center for Childhood Cancer, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Peter J Houghton
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Ryan D Roberts
- Center for Childhood Cancer, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and BMT, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lugowska I, Mierzejewska E, Lenarcik M, Klepacka T, Koch I, Michalak E, Szamotulska K. The clinical significance of changes in ezrin expression in osteosarcoma of children and young adults. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:12071-12078. [PMID: 27207343 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5091-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ezrin is a protein that functions as a cross-linker between actin cytoskeleton and plasma membrane. Its clinical role in osteosarcoma is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate, in osteosarcoma, the prognostic value of ezrin expression at biopsy and changes in expression levels after preoperative chemotherapy. Thirty-eight newly diagnosed osteosarcoma patients aged 6-23 years were included. At diagnosis, 20 patients had localized disease, the others had distant metastases. Median follow-up was 75 months (range 13-135). Ezrin expression was assessed immunohistochemically in biopsy tissue and primary tumour specimens resected after chemotherapy. The influence on survival of changes in ezrin expression after chemotherapy was analysed. Ezrin expression was significantly higher after preoperative chemotherapy and changes compared to biopsy tissue were significantly lower in patients with early progression than in patients with relapse or no further evidence of disease (p = 0.006 and p = 0.002, respectively). Similarly, ezrin expression was higher after preoperative chemotherapy and exhibited less change in expression in deceased patients compared to patients surviving more than 5 years (both p = 0.001). Ezrin expression at biopsy was significantly associated with both histopathological aggressiveness (p < 0.001) and tumour size (p = 0.037). The results of this study provide evidence that changes in overexpression of ezrin due to preoperative chemotherapy could be a useful predictive and prognostic marker in patients with osteosarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Lugowska
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Mother and Child, M. Kasprzak Street 17a, 01-211, Warsaw, Poland. .,Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology, K. W. Roentgen Street, 02-781, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Ewa Mierzejewska
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Mother and Child, M. Kasprzak Street 17a, 01-211, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Lenarcik
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Mother and Child, M. Kasprzak Street 17a, 01-211, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Teresa Klepacka
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Mother and Child, M. Kasprzak Street 17a, 01-211, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Irena Koch
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Mother and Child, M. Kasprzak Street 17a, 01-211, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Michalak
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Mother and Child, M. Kasprzak Street 17a, 01-211, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Szamotulska
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Mother and Child, M. Kasprzak Street 17a, 01-211, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignancy of bone, typically presenting in the first or second decade of life. Unfortunately, clinical outcomes for osteosarcoma patients have not substantially improved in over 30 years. This stagnation in therapeutic advances is perhaps explained by the genetic, epigenetic, and biological complexities of this rare tumor. In this review we provide a general background on the biology of osteosarcoma and the clinical status quo. We go on to enumerate the genetic and epigenetic defects identified in osteosarcoma. Finally, we discuss ongoing large-scale studies in the field and potential new therapies that are currently under investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James J. Morrow
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Chand Khanna
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Discovery of biomarkers for osteosarcoma by proteomics approaches. Sarcoma 2012; 2012:425636. [PMID: 23226966 PMCID: PMC3512344 DOI: 10.1155/2012/425636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcomas are the most common malignant bone tumors, and the identification of useful tumor biomarkers and target proteins is required to predict the clinical outcome of patients and therapeutic response as well as to develop novel therapeutic strategies. Global protein expression studies, namely, proteomic studies, can offer important clues to understanding the tumor biology that cannot be obtained by other approaches. These studies, such as two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, have provided protein expression profiles of osteosarcoma that can be used to develop novel diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers, as well as to understand biology of tumor progression and malignancy. In this paper, a brief description of the methodology will be provided followed by a few examples of the recent proteomic studies that have generated new information regarding osteosarcomas.
Collapse
|
6
|
Davicioni E, Wai DH, Anderson MJ. Diagnostic and Prognostic Sarcoma Signatures. Mol Diagn Ther 2012; 12:359-74. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03256302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
7
|
Fujiwara M, Kashima TG, Kunita A, Kii I, Komura D, Grigoriadis AE, Kudo A, Aburatani H, Fukayama M. Stable knockdown of S100A4 suppresses cell migration and metastasis of osteosarcoma. Tumour Biol 2011; 32:611-22. [PMID: 21360024 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-011-0160-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
S100A4, a 10-12 kDa calcium-binding protein, plays functional roles in tumor progression and metastasis. The present study aimed to investigate the function of S100A4 in osteosarcoma (OS) metastasis, using a loss-of-function approach. Our previous expression profiling analysis revealed that S100a4 was preferentially expressed in the highly metastatic mouse OS cell line, LM8. Introducing a short hairpin ribonucleic acid (shRNA) targeting S100a4 using a newly established vector containing insulators and transposons, we established stable LM8 subclones with almost 100% silencing of endogenous S100a4 protein. These transfectants showed a significant suppression of cell migration in vitro as well as a marked reduction in their ability to colonize the lung and form pulmonary metastases in vivo following intravenous inoculation, whereas there was no significant change in cell proliferation or cell attachment to fibronectin, laminin, and type I collagen. Expression and phosphorylation of ezrin, an emerging OS metastasis-associated factor, and expression of MMPs, remained the same in S100a4-shRNA clones. In 61 human OS, immunohistochemical analysis showed that lesional cells in 85.2% samples expressed S100A4 protein, and the immunoreactivity was primarily cytoplasmic, but it also showed occasional nuclear localization. Chondroblastic and osteoblastic OS subtypes expressed more S100A4 than fibroblastic subtypes. The causative role of S100A4 in OS lung metastasis shown in the murine xenograft model, together with the high proportion of primary human OS expressing S100A4, suggest that S100A4 protein represents an important potential target for future OS therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Fujiwara
- Department of Human Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Di Cristofano C, Leopizzi M, Miraglia A, Sardella B, Moretti V, Ferrara A, Petrozza V, Della Rocca C. Phosphorylated ezrin is located in the nucleus of the osteosarcoma cell. Mod Pathol 2010; 23:1012-20. [PMID: 20348881 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2010.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The survival of osteosarcoma patients is connected to metastasis. The ezrin expression is associated with the development of metastasis and poor outcome in osteosarcoma. Ezrin is present in the cytoplasm and after phosphorylation assumes an active form and links F-actin to the cell membrane. This study evaluated ezrin and phosphorylated ezrin at site Tyr354 and Thr567 expression and its subcellular localization in osteosarcoma. We studied 50 osteosarcoma patients (mean follow-up 9.8 years). Ezrin expression was assessed using immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence analysis on tissue microarray and cultured cells of human osteosarcoma 143B. The western blot analysis was carried out on cultured cells. The majority of osteosarcomas, showing cytoplasmic positivity for ezrin, phosphorylated and unphosphorylated, were associated with membranous and nuclear positivity for phosphorylated ezrin Thr567 and phosphorylated ezrin Tyr354, respectively. Ezrin expression was associated with high-grade osteosarcoma (P=0.04), with metastasis (P=0.04) and with tumors that developed metastasis (P=0.04); phosphorylated ezrin Thr567 expression was present mostly in tumors with metastasis (P=0.01) and in osteosarcomas that did not develop metastasis (P=0.002). The osteosarcoma patients with ezrin expression have a short survival. The cytoplasmic ezrin expression in osteosarcoma matches its role of membrane-cytoskeleton linker protein. The subcellular trafficking of ezrin is not blocked and it is linked to ezrin phosphorylation, also in cancer. The phosphorylated ezrin Tyr354 nuclear localization suggests its possible role as a nuclear factor in osteosarcoma. The phosphorylated ezrin Thr567 phosphorylation may not be necessary in osteosarcoma metastatic progression but it was modulated. The ezrin expression is associated with more aggressive osteosarcomas and with metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Di Cristofano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Polo Pontino, I.C.O.T, Latina, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Endo-Munoz L, Cumming A, Sommerville S, Dickinson I, Saunders NA. Osteosarcoma is characterised by reduced expression of markers of osteoclastogenesis and antigen presentation compared with normal bone. Br J Cancer 2010; 103:73-81. [PMID: 20551950 PMCID: PMC2905286 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone tumour in children and adolescents. Patients who respond poorly to chemotherapy have a higher risk of metastatic disease and 5-year survival rates of only 10–20%. Therefore, identifying molecular targets that are specific for OS, or more specifically, metastatic OS, will be critical to the development of new treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes. Methods: We performed a transcriptomic analysis of chemo-naive OS biopsies and non-malignant bone biopsies to identify differentially expressed genes specific to OS, which could provide insight into OS biology and chemoresistance. Results: Statistical analysis of the OS transcriptomes found differential expression of several metallothionein family members, as well as deregulation of genes involved in antigen presentation. Tumours also exhibited significantly increased expression of ID1 and profound down-regulation of S100A8, highlighting their potential as therapeutic targets for OS. Finally, we found a significant correlation between OS and impaired osteoclastogenesis and antigen-presenting activity. The reduced osteoclastogenesis and antigen-presenting activity were more profound in the chemoresistant OS samples. Conclusion: Our results indicate that OS displays gene signatures consistent with decreased antigen-presenting activity, enhanced chemoresistance, and impaired osteoclastogenesis. Moreover, these alterations are more pronounced in chemoresistant OS tumour samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Endo-Munoz
- The University of Queensland, Diamantina Institute for Cancer, Immunology and Metabolic Medicine, Level 4, R Wing, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cates JMM, Friedman DB, Seeley EH, Dupont WD, Schwartz HS, Holt GE, Caprioli RM, Young PP. Proteomic analysis of osteogenic sarcoma: association of tumour necrosis factor with poor prognosis. Int J Exp Pathol 2010; 91:335-49. [PMID: 20353421 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2010.00711.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant proportion of patients with osteogenic sarcoma die from lung metastasis within 5 years of diagnosis. Molecular signatures that predict pulmonary metastasis from primary osteogenic sarcoma and identify those patients at risk would be clinically useful as prognostic markers. Protein expression profiles of two clonally related murine osteogenic sarcoma cell lines with low (K12) and high (K7M2) metastatic potential were compared using two different proteomic technologies, two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis and cell profiling by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Interrogation of a molecular pathways network database suggested several additional candidate molecules that potentially predict metastatic potential of primary osteogenic sarcoma. Two such proteins, macrophage migration inhibitory factor and tumour necrosis factor were selected for further validation studies. Western blots confirmed increased expression of both cytokines in K7M2 cells compared to K12 cells. Levels of migration inhibitory factor and tumour necrosis factor were semi-quantitatively measured in human osteogenic sarcoma samples by immunohistochemistry and were correlated with clinicopathologic parameters and patient outcomes. Multivariate survival analysis demonstrated that tumour necrosis factor expression in chemotherapy naïve osteogenic sarcoma is an independent prognostic factor for overall and metastasis-free survival. No significant differences in adverse outcomes were observed based on macrophage migration inhibitory factor expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin M M Cates
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Paoloni M, Davis S, Lana S, Withrow S, Sangiorgi L, Picci P, Hewitt S, Triche T, Meltzer P, Khanna C. Canine tumor cross-species genomics uncovers targets linked to osteosarcoma progression. BMC Genomics 2009; 10:625. [PMID: 20028558 PMCID: PMC2803201 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-10-625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2009] [Accepted: 12/23/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary metastasis continues to be the most common cause of death in osteosarcoma. Indeed, the 5-year survival for newly diagnosed osteosarcoma patients has not significantly changed in over 20 years. Further understanding of the mechanisms of metastasis and resistance for this aggressive pediatric cancer is necessary. Pet dogs naturally develop osteosarcoma providing a novel opportunity to model metastasis development and progression. Given the accelerated biology of canine osteosarcoma, we hypothesized that a direct comparison of canine and pediatric osteosarcoma expression profiles may help identify novel metastasis-associated tumor targets that have been missed through the study of the human cancer alone. RESULTS Using parallel oligonucleotide array platforms, shared orthologues between species were identified and normalized. The osteosarcoma expression signatures could not distinguish the canine and human diseases by hierarchical clustering. Cross-species target mining identified two genes, interleukin-8 (IL-8) and solute carrier family 1 (glial high affinity glutamate transporter), member 3 (SLC1A3), which were uniformly expressed in dog but not in all pediatric osteosarcoma patient samples. Expression of these genes in an independent population of pediatric osteosarcoma patients was associated with poor outcome (p = 0.020 and p = 0.026, respectively). Validation of IL-8 and SLC1A3 protein expression in pediatric osteosarcoma tissues further supported the potential value of these novel targets. Ongoing evaluation will validate the biological significance of these targets and their associated pathways. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these data support the strong similarities between human and canine osteosarcoma and underline the opportunities provided by a comparative oncology approach as a means to improve our understanding of cancer biology and therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Paoloni
- Comparative Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Patiño-García A, Zalacain M, Folio C, Zandueta C, Sierrasesúmaga L, San Julián M, Toledo G, De Las Rivas J, Lecanda F. Profiling of Chemonaive Osteosarcoma and Paired-Normal Cells Identifies EBF2 as a Mediator of Osteoprotegerin Inhibition to Tumor Necrosis Factor–Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand–Induced Apoptosis. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:5082-91. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-0300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
13
|
Sizemore S, Cicek M, Sizemore N, Ng KP, Casey G. Podocalyxin increases the aggressive phenotype of breast and prostate cancer cells in vitro through its interaction with ezrin. Cancer Res 2007; 67:6183-91. [PMID: 17616675 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-3575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Podocalyxin is an anti-adhesive transmembrane sialomucin that has been implicated in the development of more aggressive forms of breast and prostate cancer. The mechanism through which podocalyxin increases cancer aggressiveness remains poorly understood but may involve the interaction of podocalyxin with ezrin, an established mediator of metastasis. Here, we show that overexpression of podocalyxin in MCF7 breast cancer and PC3 prostate cancer cell lines increased their in vitro invasive and migratory potential and led to increased expression of matrix metalloproteases 1 and 9 (MMP1 and MMP9). Podocalyxin expression also led to an increase in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) activity. To determine the role of ezrin in these podocalyxin-dependent phenotypic events, we first confirmed that podocalyxin formed a complex with ezrin in MCF7 and PC3 cells. Furthermore, expression of podocalyxin was associated with a changed ezrin subcellular localization and increased ezrin phosphorylation. Transient knockdown of ezrin protein abrogated MAPK and PI3K signaling as well as MMP expression and invasiveness in cancer cells overexpressing podocalyxin. These findings suggest that podocalyxin leads to increased in vitro migration and invasion, increased MMP expression, and increased activation of MAPK and PI3K activity in MCF7 and PC3 cells through its ability to form a complex with ezrin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Sizemore
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Ezrin, a cytoskeleton linker protein, has been reported to be involved in the metastasis of solid tumors in animal models and patients in small clinical studies. We analyzed the relationship between immunohistochemical expression of ezrin and the prognosis of osteosarcoma. We retrospectively identified 64 patients with Stage IIB osteosarcomas between 1995 and 2000. Tissue microarrays were constructed from incisional biopsy specimens and immunohistochemical staining was performed. Ezrin expression and other clinicopathologic variables such as age, gender, pathologic subtype, tumor size and location, and histologic response were compared with outcomes. The minimum followup was 12 months (mean, 78.2 months; range, 12-137 months). Twenty-three of 64 patients (35.9%) showed late distant metastasis; 33 of 64 patients (51.6%) showed expression of ezrin, and of these 33 patients, 22 (66.7%) had distant metastasis develop. Multivariate analysis revealed histologic response to preoperative chemotherapy and expression of ezrin predicted disease-free survival. Expression of ezrin in osteosarcoma biopsy specimens is promising as a marker to predict outcome in patients with osteosarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Suk Kim
- Department of Pathology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
McHugh JB, Thomas DG, Herman JM, Ray ME, Baker LH, Adsay NV, Rabah R, Lucas DR. Primary versus radiation-associated craniofacial osteosarcoma. Cancer 2006; 107:554-62. [PMID: 16795069 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.22019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Craniofacial osteosarcoma differs from long bone osteosarcoma in that patients are older, tumors are often low grade, and prognosis is more favorable. Although most are sporadic, some tumors occur in association with prior radiation therapy. The purpose of the current study was to compare clinicopathologic and prognostic features of primary and radiation-associated osteosarcoma. METHODS The study group consisted of 15 primary and 6 radiation-associated osteosarcomas. Clinical and follow-up data were obtained in every case. Tissue microarrays were immunohistochemically stained for p53, pRB, Ki-67 (MIB-1), and ezrin. DNA was sequenced for TP53 mutations. RESULTS All radiation-associated osteosarcomas were high grade and half were fibroblastic. In contrast, 47% of primary craniofacial osteosarcomas were high grade and only 1 was fibroblastic. All radiation-associated osteosarcomas recurred, half the patients died of disease, 2 were alive with unresectable tumors, whereas only 1 was alive without disease. In contrast, 80% of patients with primary tumors were alive without disease, 33% had local recurrences, and 13% died of disease. Radiation-associated tumors overexpressed p53 more often (33% vs. 13%), more often had TP53 mutations (33% vs. 8%), had higher proliferative activity (67% vs. 0% showing >50% MIB-1 staining), and expressed ezrin more frequently (83% vs. 40%) than primary tumors. Compared with a control group of 24 high- and 7 low-grade primary extremity osteosarcomas, radiation-associated tumors marked as the high-grade tumors. CONCLUSIONS Craniofacial radiation-associated osteosarcomas are high-grade tumors that behave more aggressively than most primary craniofacial osteosarcomas. In addition, they demonstrate higher expression rates of adverse prognostic indicators, further highlighting the distinction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan B McHugh
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0054, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Current therapy for osteosarcoma successfully treats 60% to 70% of patients. Attempts to identify patients who will respond poorly to therapy has focused on the use of new biologic markers or microarray cluster analysis. New potential therapeutic targets, including growth factors, chemokines, transcription factors, and angiogenic factors, are being evaluated for their roles in osteosarcoma. These new targets may provide mechanisms to treat the patients who would respond poorly to standard therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James B Hayden
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, 97239, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
|
18
|
Henderson SR, Guiliano D, Presneau N, McLean S, Frow R, Vujovic S, Anderson J, Sebire N, Whelan J, Athanasou N, Flanagan AM, Boshoff C. A molecular map of mesenchymal tumors. Genome Biol 2005; 6:R76. [PMID: 16168083 PMCID: PMC1242211 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2005-6-9-r76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2005] [Revised: 06/07/2005] [Accepted: 07/26/2005] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive study of the gene expression profile of 96 mesenchymal tumors identifies molecular fingerprints for most tumors in this group. Background Bone and soft tissue tumors represent a diverse group of neoplasms thought to derive from cells of the mesenchyme or neural crest. Histological diagnosis is challenging due to the poor or heterogenous differentiation of many tumors, resulting in uncertainty over prognosis and appropriate therapy. Results We have undertaken a broad and comprehensive study of the gene expression profile of 96 tumors with representatives of all mesenchymal tissues, including several problem diagnostic groups. Using machine learning methods adapted to this problem we identify molecular fingerprints for most tumors, which are pathognomonic (decisive) and biologically revealing. Conclusion We demonstrate the utility of gene expression profiles and machine learning for a complex clinical problem, and identify putative origins for certain mesenchymal tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Henderson
- Cancer Research UK, Viral Oncology Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, Gower Street, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - David Guiliano
- Cancer Research UK, Viral Oncology Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, Gower Street, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biochemistry Building, Faculty of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Nadege Presneau
- Cancer Research UK, Viral Oncology Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, Gower Street, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Sean McLean
- Cancer Research UK, Viral Oncology Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, Gower Street, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Richard Frow
- Cancer Research UK, Viral Oncology Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, Gower Street, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Department of Pathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, Middlesex, HA7 4LP, UK
| | - Sonja Vujovic
- Cancer Research UK, Viral Oncology Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, Gower Street, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - John Anderson
- Unit of Molecular Haematology and Cancer Biology, Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital, Guildford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Neil Sebire
- Department of Pathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Jeremy Whelan
- London Bone and Soft Tissue Tumour Service, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Nick Athanasou
- Department of Pathology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Adrienne M Flanagan
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Department of Pathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, Middlesex, HA7 4LP, UK
| | - Chris Boshoff
- Cancer Research UK, Viral Oncology Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, Gower Street, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
|
20
|
Abstract
Fracture healing requires the cooperation of multiple molecular signaling pathways. To better understand this cascade of transcriptional events, we compared the gene expression profiles between intact bone and fractured bone at days 1, 2, and 4 using a rat femur model of bone healing. Cluster analysis identified several groups of genes with dynamic temporal expression patterns and stage-specific functions. The immediate-response genes are highlighted by binding activity, transporter activity, and energy derivation. We consider these activities as critical signals for initiation of fracture healing. The continuously increased genes are characterized by those directly involved in bone repair, thus, representing bone specific forefront workers. The constantly upregulated genes tend to regulate general cell growth and are enriched with genes that are involved in tumorigenesis, suggesting common pathways between two processes. The constantly downregulated genes predominantly involve immune response, the significance of which remains for further investigation. Knowledge acquired through this analysis of transcriptional activities at the early stage of bone healing will contribute to our understanding of fracture repair and bone-related pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinmin Li
- Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China 030801
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Eppert K, Wunder JS, Aneliunas V, Tsui LC, Scherer SW, Andrulis IL. Altered expression and deletion of RMO1 in osteosarcoma. Int J Cancer 2004; 114:738-46. [PMID: 15609301 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.20786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In order to increase our understanding of the molecular events underlying osteosarcoma progression, the expression of approximately 950 genes was examined in 24 primary and metastatic osteosarcoma tumor specimens. A gene, RMO1, was isolated with decreased expression in metastatic samples. Real-Time PCR corroborated this pattern, revealing lower expression in the primary sample in 6 of 7 cases for which both primary and metastatic osteosarcoma samples were available from the same patient (p = 0.034). RMO1 is located at 2q33, a region of frequent loss of heterozygosity in cancer, and exhibited loss of heterozygosity in 6 out of 9 primary osteosarcoma tumor samples (67%). Loss of heterozygosity is evident in primary tumors while the decrease in gene expression is seen in the metastatic samples, indicating that these 2 events are separately implicated in cancer progression. Cloning of RMO1 revealed an open reading frame with multiple splice forms with significant homology to GRB7, 10 and 14 and MIG10 in the region containing a Pleckstrin homology domain and a Ras association domain, suggestive of a role in cell signaling and migration. Northern blot analysis indicated that RMO1 mRNA is ubiquitously expressed in tissues except for peripheral blood leukocytes. These data suggest that RMO1 may be a candidate for a protein involved in inhibiting tumor progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kolja Eppert
- Fred A. Litwin Centre for Cancer Genetics, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|