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David KI, Ravikumar TS, Sethuraman S, Krishnan UM. Investigations of an organic-inorganic nanotheranostic hybrid for pancreatic cancer therapy using cancer-in-a-dish and in vivomodels. Biomed Mater 2022; 18. [PMID: 36270604 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac9cb2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of highly aggressive pancreatic cancer is increasing across the globe and is projected to increase to 18.6% by 2050. The mortality rate for this form of cancer is very high and the 5 y relative survival rate is only about 9%-10%. The 3D pancreatic cancer microenvironment exerts a major influence on the poor survival rate. A key factor is the prevention of the penetration of the chemotherapeutic drugs in the three-dimensional (3D) microenvironment leading to the development of chemoresistance which is a major contributor to the survival rates. Hence,in vitrostudies using 3D cultures represent a better approach to understand the effect of therapeutic formulations on the cancer cells when compared to conventional 2D cultures. In the present study, we have explored three different conditions for the development of a 3D pancreatic tumour spheroid model from MiaPaCa-2 and PanC1 cells cultured for 10 days using Matrigel matrix. This optimized spheroid model was employed to evaluate a multi-functional nanotheranostic system fabricated using chitosan nanoparticles co-encapsulated with the chemotherapeutic agent gemcitabine and gold-capped iron oxide nanoparticles for multimodal imaging. The effect of the single and multiple-dose regimens of the theranostic system on the viability of 3D spheroids formed from the two pancreatic cancer cell lines was studied. It was observed that the 3D tumour spheroids cultured for 10 days exhibited resistance towards free gemcitabine drug, unlike the 2D culture. The administration of the multifunctional nanotheranostic system on alternate days effectively reduced the cancer cell viability after five doses to about 20% when compared with other groups. The repeated doses of the nanotheranostic system were found to be more effective than the single dose. Cell line-based differences in internalization of the carrier was also reflected in their response to the nanocarrier with PanC1 showing better sensitivity to the treatment.In vivostudies revealed that the combination of gemcitabine and magnetic field induced hypothermia produced superior regression in cancer when compared with the chemotherapeutic agent alone by a combination of activating the pro-apoptotic pathway and heat-induced necrosis. Our results reveal that this multi-functional system holds promise to overcome the current challenges to treat pancreatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolyn Infanta David
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, TamilNadu 613401, India.,School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, TamilNadu 613401, India
| | - T S Ravikumar
- Formerly at Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences (SVIMS) Tirupati 517507, India
| | - Swaminathan Sethuraman
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, TamilNadu 613401, India.,School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, TamilNadu 613401, India
| | - Uma Maheswari Krishnan
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, TamilNadu 613401, India.,School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, TamilNadu 613401, India.,School of Arts, Sciences, Humanities and Education, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, TamilNadu 613401, India
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Firnau MB, Brieger A. CK2 and the Hallmarks of Cancer. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081987. [PMID: 36009534 PMCID: PMC9405757 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Casein kinase 2 (CK2) is commonly dysregulated in cancer, impacting diverse molecular pathways. CK2 is a highly conserved serine/threonine kinase, constitutively active and ubiquitously expressed in eukaryotes. With over 500 known substrates and being estimated to be responsible for up to 10% of the human phosphoproteome, it is of significant importance. A broad spectrum of diverse types of cancer cells has been already shown to rely on disturbed CK2 levels for their survival. The hallmarks of cancer provide a rationale for understanding cancer’s common traits. They constitute the maintenance of proliferative signaling, evasion of growth suppressors, resisting cell death, enabling of replicative immortality, induction of angiogenesis, the activation of invasion and metastasis, as well as avoidance of immune destruction and dysregulation of cellular energetics. In this work, we have compiled evidence from the literature suggesting that CK2 modulates all hallmarks of cancer, thereby promoting oncogenesis and operating as a cancer driver by creating a cellular environment favorable to neoplasia.
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Forouzesh F, Kia FS, Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad E. BidSi6 and BidEL isoforms as a potential marker for predicting colorectal adenomatous polyps. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:129. [PMID: 35668495 PMCID: PMC9172139 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01282-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As a well-known protein, Bid links the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways and plays important roles in cell proliferation. In this study, we evaluated the expression of two isoforms of the Bid gene (BidSi6 and BidEL) in colorectal adenomatous polyps as a biomarker and investigated the relationship between their expression levels with clinicopathological factors. Methods The expression of BidSi6 and BidEL isoforms in 22 pairs of Adenomatous polyps and adjust non-polyp tissues was measured by qReal-Time PCR and compared with 10 normal colon tissues. ROC curve was performed to examine the diagnostic capacity. Also, sequencing was performed for molecular identification of BidSi6 isoform in adenomatous polyp. Results Our results showed that BidSi6 and BidEL isoforms were significantly overexpressed in Adenomatous polyps and non-polyp adjacent tissues from the same patients compared to that in normal colon tissues, but there was no significant expression between polyps and adjust non-polyp tissues. There were no significant correlations between the expression of two isoforms and other features of clinicopathology. The area under the curve of BidSi6 and BidEL isoforms indicated powerful diagnostic capability. The phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the sequence of idSi6 isoform, and the results showed that adenomatous polyp tissue and adjust non-polyp tissue were separated from healthy colorectal tissue and reference sequence (EU678292). Conclusions These findings suggest that BidSi6 and BidEL isoforms can be used as new potential biomarkers in adenomatous polyps. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12920-022-01282-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Forouzesh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box: 193951495, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Sadat Kia
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box: 193951495, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad
- Department of Cancer, Gastroenterology and Liver Disease Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Kulbay M, Paimboeuf A, Ozdemir D, Bernier J. Review of cancer cell resistance mechanisms to apoptosis and actual targeted therapies. J Cell Biochem 2021; 123:1736-1761. [PMID: 34791699 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The apoptosis pathway is a programmed cell death mechanism that is crucial for cellular and tissue homeostasis and organ development. There are three major caspase-dependent pathways of apoptosis that ultimately lead to DNA fragmentation. Cancerous cells are known to highly regulate the apoptotic pathway and its role in cancer hallmark acquisition has been discussed over the past decades. Numerous mutations in cancer cell types have been reported to be implicated in chemoresistance and treatment outcome. In this review, we summarize the mutations of the caspase-dependant apoptotic pathways that are the source of cancer development and the targeted therapies currently available or in trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Kulbay
- INRS - Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Adeline Paimboeuf
- INRS - Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Derman Ozdemir
- Department of Medicine, One Brooklyn Health-Brookdale Hospital Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Jacques Bernier
- INRS - Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Quebec, Canada
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Henríquez-Hernández LA, Lloret M, Pinar B, Bordón E, Rey A, Lubrano A, Lara PC. BCL-2, in combination with MVP and IGF-1R expression, improves prediction of clinical outcome in complete response cervical carcinoma patients treated by radiochemotherapy. Gynecol Oncol 2011; 122:585-9. [PMID: 21708403 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2011.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Revised: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate whether BCL-2 expression would improve MVP/IGF-1R prediction of clinical outcome in cervix carcinoma patients treated by radiochemotherapy, and suggest possible mechanisms behind this effect. METHODS Fifty consecutive patients, who achieved complete response to treatment, from a whole series of 60 cases suffering from non-metastatic localized cervical carcinoma, were prospectively included in this study from July 1999 to December 2003. Follow-up was closed in January 2011. All patients received pelvic radiation (45-64.80 Gy in 1.8-2 Gy fractions) with concomitant cisplatin at 40 mg/m2/week doses followed by brachytherapy. Oncoprotein expression was studied by immunohistochemistry in paraffin-embedded tumour tissue. RESULTS No relation was found between BCL-2 and clinicopathological variables. High MVP/IGF-1R/BCL-2 tumour expression was strongly related to poor local and regional disease-free survival (P<0.0001), distant disease-free survival (P=0.010), disease-free survival (P<0.0001), and cause-specific survival (P<0.0001). NHEJ repair protein Ku70/80 expression was significantly repressed in tumours overexpressing all three oncoproteins (P=0.047). No differences were observed in proliferation (Ki67 expression) or P53 alteration. CONCLUSIONS BCL-2, MVP, and IGF-1R overexpression were related to poorer clinical outcome in cervical cancer patients who achieved clinical complete response to radiochemotherapy. The NHEJ repair protein Ku70/80 expression could be involved in the regulation of these oncoproteins.
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Noordhuis MG, Eijsink JJH, Roossink F, de Graeff P, Pras E, Schuuring E, Wisman GBA, de Bock GH, van der Zee AGJ. Prognostic cell biological markers in cervical cancer patients primarily treated with (chemo)radiation: a systematic review. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2011; 79:325-34. [PMID: 21195874 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2010] [Revised: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 09/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to systematically review the prognostic and predictive significance of cell biological markers in cervical cancer patients primarily treated with (chemo)radiation. A PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane literature search was performed. Studies describing a relation between a cell biological marker and survival in ≥50 cervical cancer patients primarily treated with (chemo)radiation were selected. Study quality was assessed, and studies with a quality score of 4 or lower were excluded. Cell biological markers were clustered on biological function, and the prognostic and predictive significance of these markers was described. In total, 42 studies concerning 82 cell biological markers were included in this systematic review. In addition to cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-ag) levels, markers associated with poor prognosis were involved in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling (EGFR and C-erbB-2) and in angiogenesis and hypoxia (carbonic anhydrase 9 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α). Epidermal growth factor receptor and C-erbB-2 were also associated with poor response to (chemo)radiation. In conclusion, EGFR signaling is associated with poor prognosis and response to therapy in cervical cancer patients primarily treated with (chemo)radiation, whereas markers involved in angiogenesis and hypoxia, COX-2, and serum SCC-ag levels are associated with a poor prognosis. Therefore, targeting these pathways in combination with chemoradiation may improve survival in advanced-stage cervical cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maartje G Noordhuis
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Mayo L, Levy A, Jacob-Hirsch J, Amariglio N, Rechavi G, Stein R. Bid regulates the immunological profile of murine microglia and macrophages. Glia 2010; 59:397-412. [PMID: 21264947 DOI: 10.1002/glia.21109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a controlled cell-death process mediated inter alia by proteins of the Bcl-2 family. Some proteins previously shown to promote the apoptotic process were found to have nonapoptotic functions as well. Microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, respond to brain derangements by becoming activated to contend with the brain damage. Activated microglia can also undergo activation-induced cell death. Previous studies have addressed the role of core apoptotic proteins in the death process, but whether these proteins also play a role or not in the activation process is not been reported. Here we explore the effect of the BH3-only protein Bid on the immunological features of microglia and macrophages. Our results showed that Bid regulates both the phagocytotic activities and the inflammatory profiles of these cells. Deficiency of Bid attenuated the phagocytotic activity of primary microglia and peritoneal macrophages. It also changed the expression profile of distinct inflammation-related genes in lipopolysaccharide-activated microglia and peritoneal macrophages in vitro and in an in vivo sepsis-like paradigm. Notably, similar changes followed downregulation of Bid in the N9 microglial cell line. Cell death could not be detected in any of the systems examined. Our findings demonstrate that Bid can regulate the immunological profiles of activated microglial and macrophages, via a novel nonapoptotic activity. In view of the critical role of these cells in various pathologies, including acute and chronic brain insults, our findings suggest that impairments in Bid expression may contribute to these pathologies also via a nonapoptotic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lior Mayo
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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A coumarin derivative (RKS262) inhibits cell-cycle progression, causes pro-apoptotic signaling and cytotoxicity in ovarian cancer cells. Invest New Drugs 2009; 29:63-72. [PMID: 19865799 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-009-9335-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2009] [Accepted: 09/24/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Coumarin derivative RKS262 belongs to a new class of potential anti-tumor agents. RKS262 was identified by structural optimization of Nifurtimox which is currently undergoing phase II clinical trials to treat high-risk neuroblastoma. In a NCI(60) cell-line assay RKS262 exhibited significant cytotoxicity in ovarian cancer cells and a variety of other cell lines exceeding effects of commercial drugs such as cisplatin, 5-FU, cyclophosphamide or sapacitabine. Various leukemia cell-lines were most sensitive (GI(50): ~ 10 nM) while several non-small cell lung cancer cell lines and few cell lines from other tissues were relatively resistant (GI(50) > 1 µM) to RKS262 treatment. The mechanism of cytotoxicity was examined using ovarian cancer cell-line OVCAR-3 as a model. RKS262 treatment resulted in a reduced mitochondria-transmembrane-depolarization potential. RKS262 effects included up-regulation of apoptotic markers and were not correlated with activation of pro-apoptotic MAP-Kinases (p38, SAP/JNK). RKS262 exerted strong inhibitory effects on oncogene ras, down-regulated DNA-pk KU-80 subunit expression and caused activation of Akt. A signature effect of RKS262 is the regulation of the mitochondrial Bcl2-family pathway. Pro-apoptotic factors Bid, Bad and Bok were up-regulated while expression of pro-survival factors Bcl-xl and Mcl-1 was inhibited. Moreover, at sub-cytotoxic doses RKS262 delayed OVCAR-3 cell-cycle progression through G2 phase and up-regulated p27 while cyclin-D1 and Cdk-6 were down-regulated, indicating that RKS262 is a specific cyclin/CDK inhibitor. In summary, RKS262 has been identified as a molecule belonging to a new class of potential chemotherapeutic agents affecting the viability of multiple cancer cell-lines and causing selective adverse effects on the viability of ovarian cancer cells.
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Keuling AM, Felton KEA, Parker AAM, Akbari M, Andrew SE, Tron VA. RNA silencing of Mcl-1 enhances ABT-737-mediated apoptosis in melanoma: role for a caspase-8-dependent pathway. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6651. [PMID: 19684859 PMCID: PMC2722728 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2009] [Accepted: 07/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant melanoma is resistant to almost all conventional forms of chemotherapy. Recent evidence suggests that anti-apoptotic proteins of the Bcl-2 family are overexpressed in melanoma and may contribute to melanoma's striking resistance to apoptosis. ABT-737, a small-molecule inhibitor of Bcl-2, Bcl-xl and Bcl-w, has demonstrated efficacy in several forms of leukemia, lymphoma as well as solid tumors. However, overexpression of Mcl-1, a frequent observance in melanoma, is known to confer ABT-737 resistance. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Here we report that knockdown of Mcl-1 greatly reduces cell viability in combination with ABT-737 in six different melanoma cell lines. We demonstrate that the cytotoxic effect of this combination treatment is due to apoptotic cell death involving not only caspase-9 activation but also activation of caspase-8, caspase-10 and Bid, which are normally associated with the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis. Caspase-8 (and caspase-10) activation is abrogated by inhibition of caspase-9 but not by inhibitors of the death receptor pathways. Furthermore, while caspase-8/-10 activity is required for the full induction of cell death with treatment, the death receptor pathways are not. Finally, we demonstrate that basal levels of caspase-8 and Bid correlate with treatment sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our findings suggest that the combination of ABT-737 and Mcl-1 knockdown represents a promising, new treatment strategy for malignant melanoma. We also report a death receptor-independent role for extrinsic pathway proteins in treatment response and suggest that caspase-8 and Bid may represent potential markers of treatment sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M. Keuling
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kathleen E. A. Felton
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Majid Akbari
- Department of Pathology, Vancouver Coastal Health, Lions Gate Hospital Site, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Susan E. Andrew
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Victor A. Tron
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Deregulation of Bcl2 family members is a frequent feature of human malignant diseases and causal for therapy resistance. A number of studies have recently shed light onto the role of pro- and anti-apoptotic Bcl2 family members in tumour-pathogenesis and in mediating the effects of classical as well as novel front-line anticancer agents, allowing the development of more efficient and more precisely targeted treatment regimens. Most excitingly, recent progress in our understanding of how Bcl2-like proteins maintain or perturb mitochondrial integrity has finally enabled the development of rational-design based anticancer therapies that directly target Bcl2 regulated events at the level of mitochondria. This review aims to give an overview on the most recent findings on the role of the Bcl2 family in tumour development in model systems of cancer, to relate these findings with observations made in human pathologies and drug-action.
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Shibata K, Kajiyama H, Ino K, Terauchi M, Yamamoto E, Nawa A, Nomura S, Kikkawa F. Twist expression in patients with cervical cancer is associated with poor disease outcome. Ann Oncol 2008; 19:81-5. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdm344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Kendrick JE, Estes JM, Straughn JM, Alvarez RD, Buchsbaum DJ. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and its therapeutic potential in breast and gynecologic cancers. Gynecol Oncol 2007; 106:614-21. [PMID: 17602728 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2007.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2007] [Revised: 05/30/2007] [Accepted: 05/30/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relationship between the apoptotic pathway and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising area of scientific interest for cancer researchers. TRAIL-receptor-activating agents have demonstrated favorable in vitro and in vivo activity for the treatment of several malignancies including breast and gynecologic cancers. METHODS This article reviews the available peer-reviewed literature and our own institution's experience with specific TRAIL-receptor-activating agents. Emphasis was placed on the apoptotic/TRAIL mechanism, preclinical evaluation, and phase I studies in various malignancies. RESULTS Preclinical and early phase I studies indicate that these novel agents are safe with enhanced target specificity for malignancy. When these targeted agents are combined with conventional chemotherapy drugs or radiation therapy, they appear to increase cell death over single-agent modalities. CONCLUSIONS TRAIL-receptor-activating agents represent an exciting new class of targeted therapies that hold promise to improve the treatment of women with breast and gynecologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Kendrick
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 619 19th Street South, OHB 538, Birmingham, AL 35249, USA.
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Klopp AH, Eifel PJ. Gene expression profiling in cervical cancer: state of the art and future directions. Cancer J 2006; 12:170-4. [PMID: 16803672 DOI: 10.1097/00130404-200605000-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ann H Klopp
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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Labi V, Erlacher M, Kiessling S, Villunger A. BH3-only proteins in cell death initiation, malignant disease and anticancer therapy. Cell Death Differ 2006; 13:1325-38. [PMID: 16645634 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4401940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Induction of apoptosis in tumour cells, either by direct activation of the death receptor pathway using agonistic antibodies or recombinant ligands, or direct triggering of the Bcl-2-regulated intrinsic apoptosis pathway by small molecule drugs, carries high hopes to overcome the shortcomings of current anticancer therapies. The latter therapy concept builds on a more detailed understanding of how Bcl-2-like molecules maintain mitochondrial integrity and how BH3-only proteins and Bax/Bak-like molecules can undermine it. Means to unleash the apoptotic potential of BH3-only proteins in tumour cells, or bypass the need for BH3-only proteins by blocking possible interactions of Bcl-2-like prosurvival molecules with Bax and/or Bak allowing their direct activation, constitute interesting options for the design of novel anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Labi
- Division of Experimental Pathophysiology and Immunology, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Austria
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