1
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Ramos C, Oehler R. Clearance of apoptotic cells by neutrophils in inflammation and cancer. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:26. [PMID: 38218739 PMCID: PMC10787834 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01809-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
When a cell dies of apoptosis, it is eliminated either by neighbouring cells or by attracted professional phagocytes. Although it was generally believed that neutrophils also have the ability to perform efferocytosis, their contribution to the clearance of apoptotic cells was considered less important compared with macrophages. Therefore, this ability of neutrophils remained unexplored for a long time. Over the past decade, it has been shown that during inflammation, neutrophils contribute significantly to the clearance of apoptotic neutrophils that accumulate in large numbers at the site of tissue damage. This "neutrophil cannibalism" is accompanied by inhibition of pro-inflammatory activities of these cells, such as respiratory burst and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Furthermore, efferocytosing neutrophils secrete anti-inflammatory mediators and mitogens including hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF), and transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ). Thus, efferocytosis by neutrophils is involved in resolution of inflammation. Recent research indicates that it plays also a role in cancer. Many different solid tumours contain aggregates of dead tumour cells that have undergone spontaneous apoptosis. Their extent correlates with poor clinical outcome in most cancer types. These clusters of apoptotic tumour cells are strongly infiltrated by tumour-associated neutrophils (TANs) that acquired an anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving polarization state. This review summarizes the potential consequences discussed in the current literature. Although the picture of the role of efferocytosis by neutrophils in inflammation and cancer is becoming clearer, many questions are still unexplored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Ramos
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Oehler
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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2
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Yu Y, Qiao W, Feng S, Yi C, Liu Z. Inhibition of Walker-256 Tumor Growth by Combining Microbubble-Enhanced Ultrasound and Endostar. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2022; 41:2591-2600. [PMID: 35106800 DOI: 10.1002/jum.15949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This research is to investigate the anti-tumor effects by combining anti-vascular effect of microbubble enhanced ultrasound (MEUS) mechanical destruction and anti-angiogenic effect of Endostar. METHODS Rats bearing Walker-256 tumor were randomly divided into 4 groups treated by Endostar + MEUS combination, Endostar, MEUS or Sham ultrasound (US), respectively. MEUS was induced by Sonazoid microbubble and a focused therapeutic US device. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) was used to assess tumor perfusion before and after treatment. Microvessel density (MVD) was evaluated with immunohistochemical staining of CD31, CD34, and VEGFA. TUNEL assay was used to determine the apoptosis rate of tumor cells. RESULTS Endostar + MEUS combined group induced the most reduced blood perfusion and most retarded tumor growth compared with other 3 groups. Decreased MVD was shown in Endostar + MEUS, Endostar and MEUS group, but the lowest MVD value was presented in the combined treatment group. Significant increase was observed in the combined therapy group and MEUS group. CONCLUSIONS This study showed an improved anti-vascular and anti-angiogenic effect achieved by combining Endostar and MEUS, and may provide a new method potential for anti-tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlan Yu
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Qiao
- Department of Ultrasound, General Hospital of Central Theatre Commander Theater, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuang Feng
- Department of Ultrasound, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuo Yi
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Joko R, Yamada D, Nakamura M, Yoshida A, Takihira S, Takao T, Lu M, Sato K, Ito T, Kunisada T, Nakata E, Ozaki T, Takarada T. PRRX1 promotes malignant properties in human osteosarcoma. Transl Oncol 2020; 14:100960. [PMID: 33395745 PMCID: PMC7726447 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PRRX1 is a poor-prognosis marker of human osteosarcoma. PRRX1 promotes proliferation, invasion, and drug resistance in human osteosarcoma. Forskolin was identified using RNA expression signatures of PRRX1 knockdown. Forskolin decreased proliferation and migration in human osteosarcoma.
Paired related homeobox 1 (PRRX1) is a marker of limb bud mesenchymal cells, and deficiency of p53 or Rb in Prrx1-positive cells induces osteosarcoma in several mouse models. However, the regulatory roles of PRRX1 in human osteosarcoma have not been defined. In this study, we performed PRRX1 immunostaining on 35 human osteosarcoma specimens to assess the correlation between PRRX1 level and overall survival. In patients with osteosarcoma, the expression level of PRRX1 positively correlated with poor prognosis or the ratio of lung metastasis. Additionally, we found PRRX1 expression on in 143B cells, a human osteosarcoma line with a high metastatic capacity. Downregulation of PRRX1 not only suppressed proliferation and invasion but also increased the sensitivity to cisplatin and doxorubicin. When 143B cells were subcutaneously transplanted into nude mice, PRRX1 knockdown decreased tumor sizes and rates of lung metastasis. Interestingly, forskolin, a chemical compound identified by Connectivity Map analysis using RNA expression signatures during PRRX1 knockdown, decreased tumor proliferation and cell migration to the same degree as PRRX1 knockdown. These results demonstrate that PRRX1 promotes tumor malignancy in human osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoji Joko
- Department of Regenerative Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; Department Orthopedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamada
- Department of Regenerative Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakamura
- Precision Health, Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Aki Yoshida
- Department Orthopedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Shota Takihira
- Department of Regenerative Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; Department Orthopedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Tomoka Takao
- Department of Regenerative Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Ming Lu
- Department of Regenerative Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kohei Sato
- Department Orthopedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Ito
- Department of Hygiene, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kunisada
- Department Orthopedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Eiji Nakata
- Department Orthopedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Ozaki
- Department Orthopedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takeshi Takarada
- Department of Regenerative Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
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4
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Syed Najmuddin SUF, Amin ZM, Tan SW, Yeap SK, Kalyanasundram J, Veerakumarasivam A, Chan SC, Chia SL, Yusoff K, Alitheen NB. Oncolytic effects of the recombinant Newcastle disease virus, rAF-IL12, against colon cancer cells in vitro and in tumor-challenged NCr-Foxn1nu nude mice. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9761. [PMID: 33354412 PMCID: PMC7731658 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer remains one of the main cancers causing death in men and women worldwide as certain colon cancer subtypes are resistant to conventional treatments and the development of new cancer therapies remains elusive. Alternative modalities such as the use of viral-based therapeutic cancer vaccine is still limited, with only the herpes simplex virus (HSV) expressing granulocyte-macrophage colony- stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or talimogene laherparepvec (T-Vec) being approved in the USA and Europe so far. Therefore, it is imperative to continue the search for a new treatment modality. This current study evaluates a combinatorial therapy between the oncolytic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and interleukin-12 (IL-12) cytokine as a potential therapeutic vaccine to the current anti-cancer drugs. Several in vitro analyses such as MTT assay, Annexin V/FITC flow cytometry, and cell cycle assay were performed to evaluate the cytotoxicity effect of recombinant NDV, rAF-IL12. Meanwhile, serum cytokine, serum biochemical, histopathology of organs and TUNEL assay were carried out to assess the anti-tumoral effects of rAF-IL12 in HT29 tumor-challenged nude mice. The apoptosis mechanism underlying the effect of rAF-IL12 treatment was also investigated using NanoString Gene expression analysis. The recombinant NDV, rAF-IL12 replicated in HT29 colon cancer cells as did its parental virus, AF2240-i. The rAF-IL12 treatment had slightly better cytotoxicity effects towards HT29 cancer cells when compared to the AF2240-i as revealed by the MTT, Annexin V FITC and cell cycle assay. Meanwhile, the 28-day treatment with rAF-IL12 had significantly (p < 0.05) perturbed the growth and progression of HT29 tumor in NCr-Foxn1nu nude mice when compared to the untreated and parental wild-type NDV strain AF2240-i. The rAF-IL12 also modulated the immune system in nude mice by significantly (p < 0.05) increased the level of IL-2, IL-12, and IFN-γ cytokines. Treatment with rAF-IL12 had also significantly (p < 0.05) increased the expression level of apoptosis-related genes such as Fas, caspase-8, BID, BAX, Smad3 and granzyme B in vitro and in vivo. Besides, rAF-IL12 intra-tumoral delivery was considered safe and was not hazardous to the host as evidenced in pathophysiology of the normal tissues and organs of the mice as well as from the serum biochemistry profile of liver and kidney. Therefore, this study proves that rAF-IL12 had better cytotoxicity effects than its parental AF2240-i and could potentially be an ideal treatment for colon cancer in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zahiah Mohamed Amin
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.,Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Sheau Wei Tan
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.,Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | | | | | | | | | - Suet Lin Chia
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.,Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Khatijah Yusoff
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.,Malaysian Genome Institute, National Institute of Biotechnology Malaysia, Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Noorjahan Banu Alitheen
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.,Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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Mirzayans R, Murray D. Do TUNEL and Other Apoptosis Assays Detect Cell Death in Preclinical Studies? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239090. [PMID: 33260475 PMCID: PMC7730366 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay detects DNA breakage by labeling the free 3ʹ-hydroxyl termini. Given that genomic DNA breaks arise during early and late stages of apoptosis, TUNEL staining continues to be widely used as a measure of apoptotic cell death. The advantages of the assay include its relative ease of performance and the broad availability of TUNEL assay kits for various applications, such as single-cell analysis of apoptosis in cell cultures and tissue samples. However, as briefly discussed herein, aside from some concerns relating to the specificity of the TUNEL assay itself, it was demonstrated some twenty years ago that the early stages of apoptosis, detected by TUNEL, can be reversed. More recently, compelling evidence from different biological systems has revealed that cells can recover from even late stage apoptosis through a process called anastasis. Specifically, such recovery has been observed in cells exhibiting caspase activation, genomic DNA breakage, phosphatidylserine externalization, and formation of apoptotic bodies. Furthermore, there is solid evidence demonstrating that apoptotic cells can promote neighboring tumor cell repopulation (e.g., through caspase-3-mediated secretion of prostaglandin E2) and confer resistance to anticancer therapy. Accordingly, caution should be exercised in the interpretation of results obtained by the TUNEL and other apoptosis assays (e.g., caspase activation) in terms of apoptotic cell demise.
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6
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Najmuddin SUFS, Amin ZM, Tan SW, Yeap SK, Kalyanasundram J, Ani MAC, Veerakumarasivam A, Chan SC, Chia SL, Yusoff K, Alitheen NB. Cytotoxicity study of the interleukin-12-expressing recombinant Newcastle disease virus strain, rAF-IL12, towards CT26 colon cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:278. [PMID: 32612457 PMCID: PMC7325054 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01372-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oncolytic viruses have emerged as an alternative therapeutic modality for cancer as they can replicate specifically in tumour cells and induce toxic effects leading to apoptosis. Despite the great potentials and promising results shown in multiple studies, it appears that their efficacy is still moderate and deemed as not sufficient in clinical studies. In addressing this issue, genetic/molecular engineering approach has paved its way to improve the therapeutic efficacy as observed in the case of herpes simplex virus (HSV) expressing granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). This study aimed to explore the cytotoxicity effects of recombinant NDV strain AF2240-i expressing interleukin-12 (rAF-IL12) against CT26 colon cancer cells. Methods The cytotoxicity effect of rAF-IL12 against CT26 colon cancer cell line was determined by MTT assay. Based on the IC50 value from the anti-proliferative assay, further downward assays such as Annexin V FITC and cell cycle progression were carried out and measured by flow cytometry. Then, the in vivo study was conducted where the rAF-IL12 viral injections were given at the intra-tumoral site of the CT26 tumour-burden mice. At the end of the experiment, serum biochemical, T cell immunophenotyping, serum cytokine, histopathology of tumour and organ section, TUNEL assay, and Nanostring gene expression analysis were performed. Results The rAF-IL12 induced apoptosis of CT26 colon cancer cells in vitro as revealed in the Annexin V FITC analysis and also arrested the cancer cells progression at G1 phase of the cell cycle analysis. On the other hand, the rAF-IL12 significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited the growth of CT26 tumour in Balb/c mice and had regulated the immune system by increasing the level of CD4 + , CD8 + , IL-2, IL-12, and IFN-γ. Furthermore, the expression level of apoptosis-related genes (bax and p53) was up-regulated as a result of the rAF-IL12 treatment. Additionally, the rAF-IL12 had also down-regulated the expression level of KRAS, BRAF, MAPK1, Notch1, CCL2, and VEGF oncogenes. Besides, rAF-IL12 intra-tumoral delivery was considered safe and not hazardous to the host as evidenced in pathophysiology of the normal tissues and organs of the mice as well as from the serum biochemistry profile of liver and kidney. Conclusions These results indicated that rAF-IL12 had better anti-tumoral and cytotoxicity effects compared to its parental wild-type, AF2240-i in combatting the CT26 colon cancer model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zahiah Mohamed Amin
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43400 Malaysia
| | - Sheau Wei Tan
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43400 Malaysia
| | - Swee Keong Yeap
- Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, Sepang, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Jeevanathan Kalyanasundram
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43400 Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Alhapis Che Ani
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43400 Malaysia
| | | | - Soon Choy Chan
- School of Foundation Studies, Perdana University, Block B and D1, MAEPS Building, MARDI Complex, Jalan MAEPS Perdana, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Suet Lin Chia
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43400 Malaysia.,Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43400 Malaysia
| | - Khatijah Yusoff
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43400 Malaysia.,Malaysian Genome Institute, National Institute of Biotechnology, Kajang, Jalan Bangi, 43000 Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Noorjahan Banu Alitheen
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43400 Malaysia.,Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43400 Malaysia
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Li Q, Huang P, Zheng C, Wang J, Ge M. Prognostic significance of p53 immunohistochemical expression in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary glands: a meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:29458-29473. [PMID: 28206977 PMCID: PMC5438744 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoid cystic carcinoma of salivary glands is a rare adenocarcinoma and has been placed in “high-risk” category as poor long-term prognosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate p53 protein expression in adenoid cystic carcinoma of salivary glands and its correlation with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis. Literatures were searched from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science, which investigated the relationships between p53 expression and pathological type, clinical stage, local recurrence, metastasis, nerve infiltration and overall survival. A total of 1,608 patients from 36 studies were included in the analysis. The results showed that p53-postive expression rate was 49% in adenoid cystic carcinoma of salivary glands (OR=10.34, 95%CI: 4.93-21.71, P < 0.0001). The p53-postive expression was closely related to tumor types (OR=0.30, 95%CI: 0.14-0.65, P < 0.0001). The tumor with solid histological subtype had a strong positive correlation with p53 expression. The combined analysis revealed that the p53-positive expression rate among patients in T1and T2 stage was 41.4%, compared to 53.2% among those in T3 and T4 stage. However, there was no significant correlation between tumor stage and p53 expression (OR=0.47, 95% CI: 0.17-1.29, P = 0.14). Besides, compared to patients with p53-negative expression, those with p53-positive expression had a greater chance of developing metastasis, local recurrence and nerve infiltration as well as poorer 5-year overall survival (P < 0.01). In conclusion, the p53 expression is related to the survival of adenoid cystic carcinoma of salivary glands. It can be considered as the auxiliary detection index in treatment and prognosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma of salivary glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Head and Neck Tumor, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Head and Neck Tumor, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chuanming Zheng
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Head and Neck Tumor, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiafeng Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Head and Neck Tumor, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Minghua Ge
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Head and Neck Tumor, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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8
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Hashem NN, Mara TW, Mohamed M, Zhang I, Fung K, Kwan KF, Daley TD, Diamandis EP, Darling MR. Human Kallikrein 14 (Klk14) Expression in Salivary Gland Tumors. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 25:32-7. [DOI: 10.1177/172460081002500105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective To analyze the expression of human kallikrein 14 (KLK14) in salivary gland tumors. Methods A standard immunoperoxidase staining technique was used to assess the expression profile of KLK14 in normal salivary glands and tumors including pleomorphic adenoma (PA; n=17), adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC; n=13) and mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC; n=9). Tumor stage, grade, patient age and gender, and site of occurrence were recorded. These clinical parameters were correlated with KLK14 levels in malignant tumors. The expression profiles for KLK3, 5, 6, 8 and 13 were also retrieved. Results Normal salivary glands, PA, ACC and MEC showed strong expression of KLK14 in ductal and non-ductal cells. Both PA and ACC showed higher KLK14 levels than normal glands and MEC tissues. There were no statistically significant associations between levels of KLK14 and clinical parameters. Conclusions The differences in the levels of KLK14 suggest that KLKs may aid in the differential diagnosis of salivary gland tumors. The coexpression of KLKs suggests their possible involvement in an enzymatic pathway activated in salivary gland. KLK14 may be a promising new biomarker in salivary gland tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly N. Hashem
- Department of Pathology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario
| | - Thomas W. Mara
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario
| | - Mohamed Mohamed
- Division of Head and Neck Oncology and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario
| | - Irene Zhang
- Division of Head and Neck Oncology and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario
| | - Kevin Fung
- Division of Head and Neck Oncology and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario
| | - Keith F. Kwan
- Department of Pathology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario
| | - Thomas D. Daley
- Department of Pathology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario
| | - Eleftherios P. Diamandis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Ontario - Canada
| | - Mark R. Darling
- Department of Pathology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario
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9
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Wang M, Shan F, Zou Y, Sun X, Zhang ZR, Fu Y, Gong T. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of a phospholipid-based phase separation gel for once a month administration of octreotide. J Control Release 2016; 230:45-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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10
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Wang X, Xiong Y, Zhang C, Zhou J, Yang J, Wang K, Xia X. Experimental study on inhibition of the growth of human adenoid cystic cancer cells by RNA interference targeting against survivingene. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:375-383. [PMID: 27158333 PMCID: PMC4846890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the influence of RNA interference targeting against survivin gene on the biological behaviors of human adenoid cystic cancer (ACC) cells and propose the action mechanism. METHOD Specific siRNA (small interfering RNA) was constructed and transfected into ACC-2 cells using liposomes. The expressions of survivin and Caspase-3 in the transfected ACC-2 cells were detected by Western Blot and RT-PCR. Cell apoptosis was detected by transmission electron microscopy, TUNEL method and flow cytometry; ultrastructural changes and cell cycles were observed. RESULTS Recombinant siRNA interference plasmid specifically targeting against survivin gene was constructed successfully. Survivin protein expression in the transfected ACC-2 cells was downregulated significantly, while Caspase-3 protein and mRNA expressions were upregulated and cell proliferation was inhibited considerably. CONCLUSION Recombinant siRNA interference plasmid inhibited survivin mRNA and protein expressions at high efficiency, thereby inhibiting the proliferation of ACC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Xiong
- Department of Stomatology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Congji Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Jixiang Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Xiyan Xia
- Department of Stomatology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University Chongqing, China
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Lee HE, Nam JS, Shin JA, Hong IS, Yang IH, You MJ, Cho SD. Convallaria keiskei as a novel therapeutic alternative for salivary gland cancer treatment by targeting myeloid cell leukemia-1. Head Neck 2015; 38 Suppl 1:E761-70. [PMID: 25914292 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various chemotherapeutic agents have been used largely for the treatment of salivary gland cancer. However, results are disappointing, and these agents can cause some serious side effects. Therefore, recent studies have focused on the possible roles of natural products to overcome these limitations. METHODS Salivary gland cancer cells treated with or without Convallaria keiskei (MECK) for 24 hours. Apoptotic changes were evaluated by live/dead assay, immunoblotting, and expression levels of caspase-3 and B-cell lymphoma-2 family member. RESULTS MECK significantly inhibited salivary gland cancer growth. At the molecular level, MECK dramatically reduced myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) in a translation-dependent manner and thereby induced apoptosis through Bax/Bid. Furthermore, we found that Mcl-1 could be a potential therapeutic target of MECK-induced apoptosis and its stability is regulated by extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling CONCLUSION MECK can be used as a safe and efficient therapeutic alternative for the treatment of salivary gland cancer. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E761-E770, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haeng-Eun Lee
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Biodegradable Material, Institute of Oral Bioscience, Brain Korea 21 Project, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Seok Nam
- Laboratory of Tumor Suppressor, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Ji-Ae Shin
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Biodegradable Material, Institute of Oral Bioscience, Brain Korea 21 Project, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Sun Hong
- Laboratory of Tumor Suppressor, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - In-Hyoung Yang
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Biodegradable Material, Institute of Oral Bioscience, Brain Korea 21 Project, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Jo You
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Centre, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Dae Cho
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Biodegradable Material, Institute of Oral Bioscience, Brain Korea 21 Project, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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Wilson TC, Robinson RA. Basal cell adenocarcinoma and Basal cell adenoma of the salivary glands: a clinicopathological review of seventy tumors with comparison of morphologic features and growth control indices. Head Neck Pathol 2014; 9:205-13. [PMID: 25141971 PMCID: PMC4424211 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-014-0562-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Basal cell adenoma and basal cell adenocarcinoma represent uncommon basaloid salivary gland neoplasms that show marked morphologic similarity. We wished to compare clinical outcome and morphologic features as well as growth and proliferation associated markers for both neoplasms. We reviewed the pathologic features of 70 neoplasms diagnosed as basal cell adenoma or basal cell adenocarcinoma. Observations included maximum mitotic activity and presence or absence of invasion into surrounding normal tissues as well as immunohistochemical studies for Ki-67, caspase 3, p53, and bcl-2. Establishing malignancy on the basis of invasion into surrounding benign tissues, 41 basal cell adenomas and 29 basal cell adenocarcinomas were identified. For tumors with follow-up, recurrence rates were 6.7 % for basal cell adenoma and 16.7 % for basal cell adenocarcinoma. One patient with basal cell adenocarcinoma had distant metastases and died of disease. Overall basal cell adenocarcinomas showed significantly higher values for growth and proliferation markers compared to basal cell adenomas. Salivary gland basal cell adenoma and basal cell adenocarcinoma show morphologic similarity. Basal cell adenocarcinoma can exhibit a locally aggressive behavior and has potential metastatic behavior. The overall mitotic rate and Ki-67 expression were higher in basal cell adenocarcinoma compared to basal cell adenoma, but overlap between the results of these observations in each tumor did not allow for accurate diagnosis or prediction of outcome in individual cases. We conclude that morphologic observation of local tissue invasion is the best marker for separating basal cell adenoma from basal cell adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C. Wilson
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Robert A. Robinson
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
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Wu A, Jia Y, Dong B, Tang L, Liu Y, Du H, Yuan P, Dong P, Ji J. Apoptosis and KI 67 index correlate with preoperative chemotherapy efficacy and better predict the survival of gastric cancer patients with combined therapy. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2014; 73:885-93. [PMID: 24658652 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-014-2410-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE T he correlation of apoptotic and proliferation index with preoperative chemotherapy efficacy was investigated. Their prognostic value was also explored. METHODS 167 patients were enrolled, curative gastrectomy and D2 lymphadenectomy were performed, and a total of 12 cycles of perioperative mFOLFOX7 chemotherapy was recommended. Apoptosis index (AI) and Ki67 index (KI) in surgical specimens were detected. RESULTS Apoptosis index, KI and AI/KI were significantly different between patients received perioperative chemotherapy and surgery (CS group, n = 84) and those who received only surgery and postoperative chemotherapy (S group, n = 83). In the CS group, number of patients who received 2, 4, 6 cycles of preoperative chemotherapy were, respectively, 28, 53 and 3. AI, KI and AI/KI were closely related to pathological response. Cutoff value of AI and AI/KI for response separated CS group patients into two subgroups with significant different prognosis and picked up more potential responders than pathological evaluation, especially in pathological response evaluation grade 1a–b. CONCLUSIONS Apoptosis index, KI and AI/KI are significantly related to chemotherapy efficacy and prognosis of gastric cancer patients who received perioperative chemotherapy and radical gastrectomy. They could be used in combination with pathological response evaluation to distinguish more potential responders.
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15
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Poorten VV, Hunt J, Bradley PJ, Haigentz M, Rinaldo A, Mendenhall WM, Suarez C, Silver C, Takes RP, Ferlito A. Recent trends in the management of minor salivary gland carcinoma. Head Neck 2013; 36:444-55. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.23249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Vander Poorten
- Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Leuven Cancer Institute; Department of Oncology-Head and Neck Oncology; University Hospitals Leuven; KULeuven Belgium
- European Salivary Gland Society; Geneva Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Hunt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Services, College of Medicine; University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences; Little Rock Arkansas
| | - Patrick J. Bradley
- European Salivary Gland Society; Geneva Switzerland
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Nottingham University Hospital; Queens Medical Centre Nottingham United Kingdom
| | - Missak Haigentz
- Division of Oncology; Department of Medicine; Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx New York
| | - Alessandra Rinaldo
- Department of Surgical Sciences; ENT Clinic, University of Udine; Udine Italy
| | | | - Carlos Suarez
- Department of Otolaryngology; Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias; Oviedo Spain
| | - Carl Silver
- Departments of Surgery and Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Montefiore Medical Center; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx New York
| | - Robert P. Takes
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Alfio Ferlito
- Department of Surgical Sciences; ENT Clinic, University of Udine; Udine Italy
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Apoptosis index correlates with chemotherapy efficacy and predicts the survival of patients with gastric cancer. Tumour Biol 2012; 33:1151-8. [PMID: 22383294 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-012-0357-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study are to investigate the apoptotic changes in gastric adenocarcinoma following neoadjuvant chemotherapy and to illuminate its correlation with response. One 67 gastric cancer patients with cT2-4 or TanyN1-3M0 between January 2006 and December 2007 were included. All patients had previous gastrectomy and D2 lymphadenectomy with curative intent performed. A total of 12 cycles of preoperative mFOLFOX7 chemotherapy was recommended for all patients, and 83 patients received only adjuvant chemotherapy. Resected specimens were subjected to in situ TUNEL assay and scanned with Applied Imaging Ariol SL-50. Apoptosis index (AI) was significantly higher in the patient received preoperative chemotherapy (CS group) than in the patient did not (S group). In the CS group, AI was found to have a strong positive correlation with the pathological response (rho = 0.403, P = 0.0002). A ROC curve presented a score of 49.4 as the AI cutoff value for response, dividing the CS group into two subgroups with significantly different prognoses (P = 0.003) and further allowing identification of 8 patients with significantly better prognosis out of 48 patients evaluated as grades 1a-b according to a pathological response evaluation (P = 0.022). In conclusion, AI is correlated with efficacy of preoperative chemotherapy and prognosis of gastric cancer patients following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. An AI cutoff value for response may be used as a complementary approach to current pathological response evaluations to help identify potential responders.
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Gomes CC, Bernardes VF, Diniz MG, De Marco L, Gomez RS. Anti-apoptotic gene transcription signature of salivary gland neoplasms. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:61. [PMID: 22313995 PMCID: PMC3293030 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Development of accurate therapeutic approaches to salivary gland neoplasms depends on better understanding of their molecular pathogenesis. Tumour growth is regulated by the balance between proliferation and apoptosis. Few studies have investigated apoptosis in salivary tumours relying almost exclusively on immunohistochemistry or TUNEL assay. Furthermore, there is no information regarding the mRNA expression profile of apoptotic genes in salivary tumors. Our objective was to investigate the quantitative expression of BCL-2 (anti-apoptotic), BAX and Caspase3 (pro-apoptotic genes) mRNAs in salivary gland neoplasms and examine the association of these data with tumour size, proliferative activity and p53 staining (parameters associated with a poor prognosis of salivary tumours patients). Methods We investigated the apoptotic profile of salivary neoplasms in twenty fresh samples of benign and seven samples of malignant salivary neoplasms, using quantitative real time PCR. We further assessed p53 and ki-67 immunopositivity and obtained clinical tumour size data. Results We demonstrated that BCL-2 mRNA is overexpressed in salivary neoplasms, leading to an overall anti-apoptotic profile. We also found an association between the anti-apoptotic index (BCL-2/BAX) with p53 immunoexpression. A higher proliferative activity was found in the malignant tumours. In addition, tumour size was associated with cell proliferation but not with the transcription of apoptotic genes. Conclusion In conclusion, we show an anti-apoptotic gene expression profile in salivary neoplasms in association with p53 staining, but independent of cell proliferation and tumour size.
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Liu J, Shao C, Tan ML, Mu D, Ferris RL, Ha PK. Molecular biology of adenoid cystic carcinoma. Head Neck 2011; 34:1665-77. [PMID: 22006498 DOI: 10.1002/hed.21849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is an unusual salivary gland malignancy that remains poorly understood. Standard treatment, including surgery with postoperative radiation therapy, has attained reasonable local control rates, but the propensity for distant metastases has limited any improvement in survival over time. Our understanding of the molecular mechanisms driving ACC is quite rudimentary, due to the infrequent nature of its occurrence. METHODS An extensive literature review was performed on salivary gland ACCs and basic science research findings. RESULTS This review highlights many findings that are emerging about the carcinogenesis of ACC including cytogenetics, tumor suppressor genes, oncogenes, epigenetic alterations, mitochondrial alterations, and biomarker studies. CONCLUSION Although there have been many discoveries, much still remains unknown about this rare malignancy. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Tameno H, Chano T, Ikebuchi K, Ochi Y, Arai A, Kishimoto M, Shimada T, Hisa Y, Okabe H. Prognostic significance of RB1-inducible coiled-coil 1 in salivary gland cancers. Head Neck 2011; 34:674-80. [PMID: 21717524 DOI: 10.1002/hed.21797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hitosuke Tameno
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Japan
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Vander Poorten V, Bradley PJ, Takes RP, Rinaldo A, Woolgar JA, Ferlito A. Diagnosis and management of parotid carcinoma with a special focus on recent advances in molecular biology. Head Neck 2011; 34:429-40. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.21706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2010] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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21
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Tripathi R, Samadder T, Gupta S, Surolia A, Shaha C. Anticancer activity of a combination of cisplatin and fisetin in embryonal carcinoma cells and xenograft tumors. Mol Cancer Ther 2011; 10:255-68. [PMID: 21216935 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-10-0606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Use of chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin is limited because of its toxicity. Therefore, efforts continue for the discovery of novel combination therapies with cisplatin to reduce its effective treatment dose. This study evaluates the potential of fisetin, a flavonoid, to increase cisplatin cytotoxicity in human embryonal carcinoma NT2/D1 cells. Addition of fisetin to cisplatin enhanced cisplatin cytotoxicity in vitro at four times lower dose than that required by cisplatin monotherapy for similar cytotoxic effects. Cisplatin, fisetin monotherapy, and addition of fisetin to cisplatin in a combination increased FasL expression. Cisplatin and fisetin as single agents activated caspases-8 and -3 and caspases-9 and -7, respectively, whereas combination treatment activated all 4 caspases. Increases in p53 and p21 and decreases in cyclin B1 and survivin occurred, all effects being more exaggerated with the combination. Fisetin, with or without cisplatin, increased expression of proapoptotic protein Bak and induced its mitochondrial oligomerization. Bid truncation and mitochondrial translocation of Bid and p53 was induced by fisetin in the presence or absence of cisplatin. Downregulation of p53 by short hairpin RNA during drug treatment decreased p21 levels but caused survivin increase, thus reducing cell death. Upstream to p53, inhibition of p38 phosphorylation reduced p53 phosphorylation and cell death. In a NT2/D1 mouse xenograft model, combination therapy was most effective in reducing tumor size. In summary, findings of this study suggest that addition of fisetin to cisplatin activates both the mitochondrial and the cell death receptor pathway and could be a promising regimen for the elimination of embryonal carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakshamani Tripathi
- Cell Death and Differentiation Research Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
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22
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Vander Poorten VLM, Marchal F, Nuyts S, Clement PMJ. Parotid carcinoma: Current diagnostic workup and treatment. Indian J Surg Oncol 2010; 1:96-111. [PMID: 22930624 PMCID: PMC3421013 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-010-0022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2009] [Accepted: 04/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review we present recent progress in diagnostic workup, prognostic evaluation, treatment options and resulting outcomes. Whenever possible, complete resection remains the mainstay of treatment. Sacrifice of facial nerve branches is reserved for the clinically or electromyographically dysfunctioning facial nerve. Clinical or radiological neck disease demands combined surgery and radiotherapy. Treatment of the N0 neck is indicated for advanced stage-high grade tumors but the question remains unanswered whether this should be surgical or radiotherapeutic elective treatment. Surgery alone will cure low stage, low grade tumors, that show no additional negative prognostic factors following adequate resection. In all other tumors postoperative radiotherapy will improve locoregional control. This approach results in good locoregional control, in a way that distant metastasis remains the typical presentation of treatment failure. In this setting, the results of systemic treatment today remain limited, but a huge effort in the molecular biology field has been done to introduce targeted therapy into this domain of head and neck cancer. Disease control remains variable within the patient population. This variation can increasingly be predicted by systems that incorporate the combined information of multivariately identified and quantified prognostic factors into an individualized prognosis for the parotid carcinoma patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent L. M. Vander Poorten
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
- European Salivary Gland Society, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Francis Marchal
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, CHU Geneve and Hôpital Général Beaulieu, European Salivary Gland Society, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Nuyts
- Department of Radiotherapy-Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul M. J. Clement
- Department of Medical Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Ben-Izhak O, Cohen-Kaplan V, Nagler RM. The prognostic role of phospho-Src family kinase analysis in tongue cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2009; 136:27-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-009-0633-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2008] [Accepted: 04/21/2009] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Nagler RM, Ben-Izhak O, Ostrovsky D, Golz A, Hershko DD. The expression and prognostic significance of Cks1 in salivary cancer. Cancer Invest 2009; 27:512-20. [PMID: 19296297 DOI: 10.1080/07357900802239116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Cks1 is an essential factor in facilitating Skp2-dependent degradation of p27, but its role in salivary malignancies is unknown. Expression of cyclin-dependent kinase subunit 1 (Cks1) was examined in 64 salivary malignancies, compared with p27, S-phase kinase protein 2 (Skp2), Ki-67, p53, and TDT-mediated dutp-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) expression, and with THE patient's clinical and pathological parameters. Cks1 expression was markedly increased in 30 patients (47%) and strongly correlated with increased expression of Skp2, Ki-67, p53, and TUNEL, but inversely with p27 levels. High expression of Cks1 WAS strongly associated with lymph node metastases and poor prognosis and survival. Cks1 alterations may have a significant biological role in the pathogenesis of salivary cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael M Nagler
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Biochemistry Laboratory, Rambam Medical Center and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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Ben-Izhak O, Akrish S, Gan S, Nagler RM. p27 and salivary cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2009; 58:469-73. [PMID: 18663445 PMCID: PMC11030902 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-008-0547-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2008] [Accepted: 06/07/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study examined p27 expression in a cohort of salivary malignancies (n = 74) for a prolonged period (20 years). Reduction of p27 expression was found to be a most powerful predictor for poor survival and more so when the tumor concurrently expressed high levels of p53, TUNEL and heparanase markers, dramatically dropping the patient survival probability to 0! While no patient whose tumor-staining profile included: p27 > 50%, p53 = 0, TUNEL = 0 and heparanase = 0, died of the disease during the 20-year follow up, the median of survival of the group with p27 0, TUNEL > 0 and heparanase > 0 was only 39 months. The survival probabilities of these two groups at 5 years were 100 and 50%, respectively, and at 20 years they were 100 and 0%, respectively (P = 0.05). Significant p27 reduction also resulted in significantly larger tumor size (T value), higher spread of neck metastasis and extra capsular spread and in more advanced disease (higher stage). Significant correlation rates were found between age and poor survival, age and reduced p27 expression, and reduced p27 expression and other general co-existing malignancies, indicating p27 reduction as part of a general phenomenon-age related mutagenesis. Significantly more extensive therapy applied to patients with salivary reduced-p27 tumors could not prevent the rise in mortality rate, questioning the justification for extensive therapy which is naturally accompanied by higher morbidity. Additional therapeutic tools for fighting salivary cancer, possibly based on the new understanding of the p27, p53, TUNEL and heparanase carcinogenic network, are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofer Ben-Izhak
- Department of Pathology, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sharon Akrish
- Department of Pathology, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shlomit Gan
- Oral Biochemistry Laboratory, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Rafael M. Nagler
- Oral Biochemistry Laboratory, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Abstract
We examined Ki67 expression in salivary malignancies of 75 patients with a follow-up period of up to 20 years. Correlations between enhanced Ki67 and enhanced p53 and TUNEL and heparanase staining levels were significant. Median survival for reduced-stained-tumor patients (< or = 5%) was 163 months, dropping significantly to 39 months (p = 0.0005) for enhanced stained tumors (> 5%); 5 year survival probability was 93% and 33%, respectively, 45% and 16%, respectively, (p = 0.0005) at 20 years. Significant correlation between poor survival and concurrently altered expression rates of Ki67 and p53, p27 Skp2, TUNEL and heparanase in the salivary malignancies indicates a biological role in salivary cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofer Ben-Izhak
- Department of Pathology, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
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27
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Stenner M, Klussmann JP. Current update on established and novel biomarkers in salivary gland carcinoma pathology and the molecular pathways involved. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2008; 266:333-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-008-0882-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2008] [Accepted: 11/19/2008] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Nance MA, Seethala RR, Wang Y, Chiosea SI, Myers EN, Johnson JT, Lai SY. Treatment and survival outcomes based on histologic grading in patients with head and neck mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Cancer 2008; 113:2082-9. [PMID: 18720358 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.23825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histopathologic grade of mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is an established predictor of prognosis and affects treatment protocol. Tumor behavior is more aggressive in high-grade than in low-grade MEC, leading to a more intensive treatment protocol. Outcomes for patients with intermediate-grade MEC are less clear; therefore, the optimal treatment protocol for this group is not well defined. The treatment protocol and survival outcomes of patients treated for MEC of the head and neck was investigated. METHODS A retrospective clinical review and prospective review of histopathologic grading were undertaken using the most recently established grading system of 50 patients with MEC of the head and neck from 1983 through 2004. RESULTS As histologic grade increased from low to intermediate to high, overall survival (P < .0001) and disease-free survival (P < .001) were significantly decreased. Overall and disease-free survival were significantly better for patients with intermediate-grade MEC than those with high-grade disease. Overall and disease-free survival were similar for patients with low-grade and intermediate-grade MEC. There was a low rate of disease recurrence in patients with intermediate-grade MEC, but this did not lead to death from disease. Although no patients with low-grade or intermediate-grade MEC died of disease, 52% of patients with high-grade MEC died of disease. Multivariate analysis revealed that histologic grade, age, and surgical margin status significantly predicted prognosis. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that, under the current histopathologic classification system, the behavior of intermediate-grade MEC is comparable to that of low-grade MEC and different from high-grade MEC, allowing for the establishment of an evidence-based treatment protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melonie A Nance
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Novitsky YW, Cristiano JA, Harrell AG, Newcomb W, Norton JH, Kercher KW, Heniford BT. Immunohistochemical analysis of host reaction to heavyweight-, reduced-weight-, and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE)-based meshes after short- and long-term intraabdominal implantations. Surg Endosc 2008; 22:1070-6. [PMID: 18188649 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-007-9737-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2007] [Revised: 10/11/2007] [Accepted: 11/28/2007] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prosthetic meshes induce a variety of inflammatory changes in the host, which may lead to excessive scarring with detrimental clinical consequences, especially in the long term. This study aimed to characterize the degree of short- and long-term inflammatory changes induced by common prosthetic meshes. METHODS Twenty 4 x 4-cm samples each of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE), heavyweight polypropylene (hPP), ePTFE/heavyweight polypropylene (ePTFE/hPP), and reduced-weight polypropylene/regenerated cellulose (rPP) were implanted intraperitoneally in 40 rabbits for 4 or 12 months. After explantation, samples of mesh/tissue complex were analyzed for the degrees of cellular apoptosis (enzyme-linked immunoassay [ELISA]) and cellular turnover (mouse monoclonal antibody). RESULTS In the short term, the degree of apoptosis in the hPP mesh was significantly higher than in the ePTFE and rPP groups. Similarly, it was higher in the ePTFE/hPP group than in either the ePTFE or the rPP group. The amount of Ki-67-positive cells was significantly higher in the hPP group than in the ePTFE or rPP group. The cell turnover in the ePTFE/hPP group was similar to that in the hPP group, but significantly higher than in either the ePTFE or the rPP group. The rPP group, in turn, had a higher Ki-67 score than the ePTFE group. In the long term, both the degree of apoptosis and Ki-67 positivity were significantly lower in the rPP and ePTFE groups than in either the ePTFE/hPP or the hPP group. A significant decrease in Ki-67 scores between the short and long-term groups was found only in the rPP group. CONCLUSION In the short term, heavyweight polypropylene-based meshes were associated with significantly higher cell proliferation and death. A significantly higher degree of apoptosis and cell turnover were associated with heavyweight polypropylene-based meshes even 1 year after implantation, indicating ongoing inflammation and scar remodeling. On the other hand, ePTFE and reduced-weight polypropylene meshes were associated with nearly physiologic levels of inflammatory markers. Overall, an exaggerated and persistent host foreign body response to heavyweight polypropylene-based meshes indicates poor biocompatibility, with potential detrimental clinical sequela.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y W Novitsky
- Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
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