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Du Y, Benny PA, Shao Y, Schlueter RJ, Gurary A, Lum-Jones A, Lassiter CB, AlAkwaa FM, Tiirikainen M, Towner D, Ward WS, Garmire LX. Multi-omics Analysis of Umbilical Cord Hematopoietic Stem Cells from a Multi-ethnic Cohort of Hawaii Reveals the Transgenerational Effect of Maternal Pre-Pregnancy Obesity. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.07.27.24310936. [PMID: 39108521 PMCID: PMC11302719 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.27.24310936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Background Maternal obesity is a health concern that may predispose newborns to a high risk of medical problems later in life. To understand the transgenerational effect of maternal obesity, we conducted a multi-omics study, using DNA methylation and gene expression in the CD34+/CD38-/Lin- umbilical cord blood hematopoietic stem cells (uHSCs) and metabolomics of the cord blood, all from a multi-ethnic cohort (n=72) from Kapiolani Medical Center for Women and Children in Honolulu, Hawaii (collected between 2016 and 2018). Results Differential methylation (DM) analysis unveiled a global hypermethylation pattern in the maternal pre-pregnancy obese group (BH adjusted p<0.05), after adjusting for major clinical confounders. Comprehensive functional analysis showed hypermethylation in promoters of genes involved in cell cycle, protein synthesis, immune signaling, and lipid metabolism. Utilizing Shannon entropy on uHSCs methylation, we discerned notably higher quiescence of uHSCs impacted by maternal obesity. Additionally, the integration of multi-omics data-including methylation, gene expression, and metabolomics-provided further evidence of dysfunctions in adipogenesis, erythropoietin production, cell differentiation, and DNA repair, aligning with the findings at the epigenetic level. Furthermore, the CpG sites associated with maternal obesity from these pathways also predicted highly accurately (average AUC = 0.8687) between cancer vs. normal tissues in 14 cancer types in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Conclusions This study revealed the significant correlation between pre-pregnancy maternal obesity and multi-omics level molecular changes in the uHSCs of offspring, particularly in DNA methylation. Moreover, these maternal obesity epigenetic markers in uHSCs may predispose offspring to higher cancer risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuheng Du
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Paula A. Benny
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI
| | - Yuchen Shao
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Ryan J. Schlueter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI
| | - Alexandra Gurary
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI
| | - Annette Lum-Jones
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Population Sciences of the Pacific Program-Epidemiology, Honolulu, HI
| | - Cameron B Lassiter
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Population Sciences of the Pacific Program-Epidemiology, Honolulu, HI
| | | | - Maarit Tiirikainen
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Population Sciences of the Pacific Program-Epidemiology, Honolulu, HI
| | - Dena Towner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI
| | - W. Steven Ward
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI
| | - Lana X Garmire
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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Oh H, Yaghjyan L, Heng YJ, Rosner B, Mahoney MB, Murthy D, Baker GM, Tamimi RM. Associations of Early-Life and Adult Anthropometric Measures with the Expression of Stem Cell Markers CD44, CD24, and ALDH1A1 in Women with Benign Breast Biopsies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024; 33:933-943. [PMID: 38652503 PMCID: PMC11216865 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-1567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to the stem cell hypothesis, breast carcinogenesis may be related to the breast stem cell pool size. However, little is known about associations of breast cancer risk factors, such as anthropometric measures, with the expression of stem cell markers in noncancerous breast tissue. METHODS The analysis included 414 women with biopsy-confirmed benign breast disease in the Nurses' Health Study and Nurses' Health Study II. Birthweight, weight at age 18, current weight, and current height were reported via self-administered questionnaires. IHC staining of stem cell markers (CD44, CD24, and aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1 member A1) in histopathologically normal epithelial and stromal breast tissue was quantified using an automated computational image analysis system. Linear regression was used to examine the associations of early-life and adult anthropometric measures with log-transformed stem cell marker expression, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Birthweight [≥10.0 vs. <5.5 lbs: β (95% confidence interval) = 4.29 (1.02, 7.56); P trend = 0.001 in the stroma] and adult height [≥67.0 vs. <63.0 inch: 0.86 (0.14, 1.58); P trend = 0.02 in the epithelium and stroma combined] were positively associated with CD44 expression. Childhood body fatness was inversely associated (P trend = 0.03) whereas adult height was positively associated with CD24 expression in combined stroma and epithelium (P trend = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that anthropometric measures, such as birthweight, adult height, and childhood body fatness, may be associated with the stem cell expression among women with benign breast disease. IMPACT Anthropometric measures, such as birthweight, height, and childhood body fatness, may have long-term impacts on stem cell population in the breast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Oh
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Lusine Yaghjyan
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Yujing J Heng
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bernard Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matt B Mahoney
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Divya Murthy
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gabrielle M Baker
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
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3
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Eden JA. Why does hormonal contraception and menopausal hormonal treatment have such a small effect on breast cancer risk? Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2024. [PMID: 38686660 DOI: 10.1111/ajo.13825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Oestrogen is considered by many to be a major cause of breast cancer, and yet hormonal contraception and menopausal hormonal therapy have a paradoxically small effect on breast cancer risk. Also, in the oestrogen-only arm of the Women's Health Initiative, subjects given oestrogen had a reduced risk of breast cancer compared to controls. Initiation of breast cancer likely begins early in life, in the long-lived ER-PR- breast stem cell. The main mitogen of ER+PR+ breast cancers is oestrogen derived from local breast fat and the tumour itself, rather than circulating oestrogens. Progesterone is relatively breast neutral, but progestins in the laboratory have been shown to expand malignant breast stem cell number.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Eden
- Royal Hospital for Women, University of NSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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4
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Luo L, Santos A, Konganti K, Hillhouse A, Lambertz IU, Zheng Y, Gunaratna RT, Threadgill DW, Fuchs-Young RS. Overexpression of IGF-1 During Early Development Expands the Number of Mammary Stem Cells and Primes them for Transformation. Stem Cells 2022; 40:273-289. [DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxab018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1) has been implicated in breast cancer due to its mitogenic and anti-apoptotic effects. Despite substantial research on the role of IGF-1 in tumor progression, the relationship of IGF-1 to tissue stem cells, particularly in mammary tissue, and the resulting tumor susceptibility has not been elucidated. Previous studies with the BK5.IGF-1 transgenic (Tg) mouse model reveals that IGF-1 does not act as a classical, post-carcinogen tumor promoter in the mammary gland. Pre-pubertal Tg mammary glands display increased numbers and enlarged sizes of terminal end buds, a niche for mammary stem cells (MaSCs). Here we show that MaSCs from both wild type (WT) and Tg mice expressed IGF-1R and that overexpression of Tg IGF-1 increased numbers of MaSCs by undergoing symmetric division, resulting in an expansion of the MaSC and luminal progenitor (LP) compartments in pre-pubertal female mice. This expansion was maintained post-pubertally and validated by mammosphere assays in vitro and transplantation assays in vivo. The addition of recombinant IGF-1 promoted, and IGF-1R downstream inhibitors decreased mammosphere formation. Single-cell transcriptomic profiles generated from two related platforms reveal that IGF-1 stimulated quiescent MaSCs to enter the cell cycle and increased their expression of genes involved in proliferation, plasticity, tumorigenesis, invasion, and metastasis. This study identifies a novel, pro-tumorigenic mechanism, where IGF-1 increases the number of transformation-susceptible carcinogen targets during the early stages of mammary tissue development, and “primes” their gene expression profiles for transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Luo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andres Santos
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kranti Konganti
- Texas A&M Institute for Genome Sciences & Society, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Andrew Hillhouse
- Texas A&M Institute for Genome Sciences & Society, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Isabel U Lambertz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Yuanning Zheng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Ramesh T Gunaratna
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - David W Threadgill
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
- Texas A&M Institute for Genome Sciences & Society, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Robin S Fuchs-Young
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
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5
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Sandvei MS, Opdahl S, Valla M, Lagiou P, Vesterfjell EV, Rise TV, Overrein TS, Skjervold AH, Engstrøm MJ, Bofin AM, Vatten LJ. The association of women's birth size with risk of molecular breast cancer subtypes: a cohort study. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:299. [PMID: 33757450 PMCID: PMC7989032 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08027-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Because birth size appears to be positively associated with breast cancer risk, we have studied whether this risk may differ according to molecular breast cancer subtypes. Methods A cohort of 22,931 women born 1920–1966 were followed up for breast cancer occurrence from 1961 to 2012, and 870 were diagnosed during follow-up. Archival diagnostic material from 537 patients was available to determine molecular breast cancer subtype, specified as Luminal A, Luminal B (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-), Luminal B (HER2+), HER2 type, and Triple negative (TN) breast cancer. Information on the women’s birth weight, birth length and head circumference at birth was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each molecular subtype, applying Cox regression, and stratified by maternal height. Results Birth length (per 2 cm increments) was positively associated with Luminal A (HR = 1.2, 95% CI, 1.0–1.3), Luminal B (HER2+) (HR = 1.3, 95% CI, 1.0–1.7), and TN breast cancer (HR = 1.4, 95% CI, 1.0–1.9). No clear association was found for birth weight and head circumference. The positive associations of birth length were restricted to women whose mothers were relatively tall (above population median). Conclusion We found a positive association of birth length with risk of Luminal A, Luminal B (HER2+) and TN breast cancer that appears to be restricted to women whose mothers were relatively tall. This may support the hypothesis that breast cancer risk is influenced by determinants of longitudinal growth and that this finding deserves further scrutiny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie S Sandvei
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Post box 8905, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway.,The Cancer Clinic, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Signe Opdahl
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Post box 8905, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marit Valla
- NTNU, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Post box 8905, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Pathology, St. Olavs Hospital HF, Trondheim University Hospital, Postboks 3250 Torgarden, 7006, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Pagona Lagiou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 M. Asias Street, Goudi, GR-115 27, Athens, Greece.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Ellen Veronika Vesterfjell
- Department of Pathology, St. Olavs Hospital HF, Trondheim University Hospital, Postboks 3250 Torgarden, 7006, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tor Vikan Rise
- NTNU, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Post box 8905, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Pathology, St. Olavs Hospital HF, Trondheim University Hospital, Postboks 3250 Torgarden, 7006, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tina Syvertsen Overrein
- Department of Pathology, St. Olavs Hospital HF, Trondheim University Hospital, Postboks 3250 Torgarden, 7006, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anette H Skjervold
- NTNU, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Post box 8905, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Monica J Engstrøm
- NTNU, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Post box 8905, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anna M Bofin
- NTNU, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Post box 8905, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lars J Vatten
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Post box 8905, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway.
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6
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Singh S, Singh VK, Rai G. Identification of Differentially Expressed Hematopoiesis-associated Genes in Term Low Birth Weight Newborns by Systems Genomics Approach. Curr Genomics 2020; 20:469-482. [PMID: 32655286 PMCID: PMC7327969 DOI: 10.2174/1389202920666191203123025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Low Birth Weight (LBW) (birth weight <2.5 Kg) newborns are associated with a high risk of infection, morbidity and mortality during their perinatal period. Compromised innate immune responses and inefficient hematopoietic differentiation in term LBW newborns led us to evaluate the gene expression status of hematopoiesis. Materials and Methods In this study, we compared our microarray datasets of LBW-Normal Birth Weight (NBW) newborns with two reference datasets to identify hematopoietic stem cells genes, and their differential expression in the LBW newborns, by hierarchical clustering algorithm using gplots and RcolorBrewer package in R. Results Comparative analysis revealed 108 differentially expressed hematopoiesis genes (DEHGs), of which 79 genes were up-regulated, and 29 genes were down-regulated in LBW newborns compared to their NBW counterparts. Moreover, protein-protein interactions, functional annotation and pathway analysis demonstrated that the up-regulated genes were mainly involved in cell proliferation and differentiation, MAPK signaling and Rho GTPases signaling, and the down-regulated genes were engaged in cell proliferation and regulation, immune system regulation, hematopoietic cell lineage and JAK-STAT pathway. The binding of down-regulated genes (LYZ and GBP1) with growth factor GM-CSF using docking and MD simulation techniques, indicated that GM-CSF has the potential to alleviate the repressed hematopoiesis in the term LBW newborns. Conclusion Our study revealed that DEHGs belonged to erythroid and myeloid-specific lineages and may serve as potential targets for improving hematopoiesis in term LBW newborns to help build up their weak immune defense against life-threatening infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Singh
- 1Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India; 2Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Vinay K Singh
- 1Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India; 2Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Geeta Rai
- 1Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India; 2Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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7
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Kar SP, Andrulis IL, Brenner H, Burgess S, Chang-Claude J, Considine D, Dörk T, Evans DGR, Gago-Domínguez M, Giles GG, Hartman M, Huo D, Kaaks R, Li J, Lophatananon A, Margolin S, Milne RL, Muir KR, Olsson H, Punie K, Radice P, Simard J, Tamimi RM, Van Nieuwenhuysen E, Wendt C, Zheng W, Pharoah PDP. The association between weight at birth and breast cancer risk revisited using Mendelian randomisation. Eur J Epidemiol 2019; 34:591-600. [PMID: 30737679 PMCID: PMC6497616 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-019-00485-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Observational studies suggest that higher birth weight (BW) is associated with increased risk of breast cancer in adult life. We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) study to assess whether this association is causal. Sixty independent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) known to be associated at P < 5 × 10-8 with BW were used to construct (1) a 41-SNP instrumental variable (IV) for univariable MR after removing SNPs with pleiotropic associations with other breast cancer risk factors and (2) a 49-SNP IV for multivariable MR after filtering SNPs for data availability. BW predicted by the 41-SNP IV was not associated with overall breast cancer risk in inverse-variance weighted (IVW) univariable MR analysis of genetic association data from 122,977 breast cancer cases and 105,974 controls (odds ratio = 0.86 per 500 g higher BW; 95% confidence interval 0.73-1.01). Sensitivity analyses using four alternative methods and three alternative IVs, including an IV with 59 of the 60 BW-associated SNPs, yielded similar results. Multivariable MR adjusting for the effects of the 49-SNP IV on birth length, adult height, adult body mass index, age at menarche, and age at menopause using IVW and MR-Egger methods provided estimates consistent with univariable analyses. Results were also similar when all analyses were repeated after restricting to estrogen receptor-positive or -negative breast cancer cases. Point estimates of the odds ratios from most analyses performed indicated an inverse relationship between genetically-predicted BW and breast cancer, but we are unable to rule out an association between the non-genetically-determined component of BW and breast cancer. Thus, genetically-predicted higher BW was not associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in adult life in our MR study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha P Kar
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Homerton College, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 8PH, UK.
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Ageing Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephen Burgess
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Cancer Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Considine
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dafydd Gareth R Evans
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Manuela Gago-Domínguez
- Genomic Medicine Group, Galician Foundation of Genomic Medicine, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Servicio Galego de Saude (SERGAS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago De Compostela, Spain
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Center for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Mikael Hartman
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dezheng Huo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jingmei Li
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Artitaya Lophatananon
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sara Margolin
- Department of Oncology, Södersjukhuset and Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Center for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kenneth R Muir
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Håkan Olsson
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kevin Punie
- Department of Oncology, Leuven Multidisciplinary Breast Centre, University Hospital Leuven, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS (Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Jacques Simard
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Els Van Nieuwenhuysen
- Department of Oncology, Leuven Multidisciplinary Breast Centre, University Hospital Leuven, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Camilla Wendt
- Department of Oncology, Södersjukhuset and Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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8
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Denic S, Agarwal MM. Breast cancer protection by genomic imprinting in close kin families. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2017; 18:136. [PMID: 29157216 PMCID: PMC5696730 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-017-0498-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Human inbreeding generally reduces breast cancer risk (BCR). When the parents are biologically related, their infants have a lower birth weight due to smaller body organs. The undersized breasts, because of fewer mammary stem cells, have a lower likelihood of malignant conversion. Fetal growth is regulated by genomically imprinted genes which are in conflict; they promote growth when derived from the father and suppress growth when derived from the mother. The kinship theory explicates that the intensity of conflict between these genes affects growth and therefore the size of the newborn. In descendants of closely related parents, this gene clash is less resulting in a smaller infant. In this review, we elucidate the different mechanisms by which human inbreeding affects BCR, and why this risk is dissimilar in different inbred populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srdjan Denic
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 17666, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
| | - Mukesh M Agarwal
- Department of Pathology, California University of Science and Medicine, 217 E Club Center Drive, San Bernardino, CA, 92408, USA
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9
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Magiorkinis G, Katzourakis A, Lagiou P. Roles of Endogenous Retroviruses in Early Life Events. Trends Microbiol 2017; 25:876-877. [PMID: 28969881 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A retrovirus that infected our ancestors 100 million years ago became a human gene that is expressed in embryos and cancers, and can be detected in the blood of pregnant women. Accumulating evidence suggests potential roles for endogenous retroviruses in early life events, which may affect adult health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gkikas Magiorkinis
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | | | - Pagona Lagiou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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10
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Mousavi SH, Abroun S, Zarrabi M, Ahmadipanah M. The effect of maternal and infant factors on cord blood yield. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2017; 64. [PMID: 27905684 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.26381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Revised: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Umbilical cord blood (CB) can be used as an alternative hematopoietic stem cell source for transplantation in hematological malignancy and blood disorders. The success of transplantation is highly related to the levels of total nucleated cell and CD34+ cell counts. The evaluation of optimal conditions can decrease the rate of graft rejection due to low cell count and increases the quality of CB units (CBUs) in the blood bank and the success rate of engraftment. To this end, we review the maternal and infant parameters affecting the quality and quantity of CBUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hadi Mousavi
- Department of Hematology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Abroun
- Department of Hematology, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Zarrabi
- Royan Stem Cell Technology Institute, Cord Blood Bank, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Ahmadipanah
- Royan Stem Cell Technology Institute, Cord Blood Bank, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Zhou CK, Sutcliffe S, Welsh J, Mackinnon K, Kuh D, Hardy R, Cook MB. Is birthweight associated with total and aggressive/lethal prostate cancer risks? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Cancer 2016; 114:839-48. [PMID: 26930450 PMCID: PMC4955914 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: It has been hypothesised that intrauterine exposures are important for subsequent prostate cancer risk. Prior epidemiological studies have used birthweight as a proxy of cumulative intrauterine exposures to test this hypothesis, but results have been inconsistent partly because of limited statistical power. Methods: We investigated birthweight in relation to prostate cancer in the Medical Research Council (MRC) National Survey of Health and Development (NSHD) using Cox proportional hazards models. We then conducted a meta-analysis of birthweight in relation to total and aggressive/lethal prostate cancer risks, combining results from the NSHD analysis with 13 additional studies on this relationship identified from a systematic search in four major scientific literature databases through January 2015. Results: Random-effects models found that per kg increase in birthweight was positively associated with total (OR=1.02, 95% confidence interval (95% CI)=1.00, 1.05; I2=13%) and aggressive/lethal prostate cancer (OR=1.08, 95% CI=0.99, 1.19; I2=40%). Sensitivity analyses restricted to studies with birthweight extracted from medical records demonstrated stronger positive associations with total (OR=1.11, 95% CI=1.03, 1.19; I2=0%) and aggressive/lethal (OR=1.37, 95% CI=1.09, 1.74; I2=0%) prostate cancer. These studies heavily overlapped with those based in Nordic countries. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that heavier birthweight may be associated with modest increased risks of total and aggressive/lethal prostate cancer, which supports the hypothesis that intrauterine exposures may be related to subsequent prostate cancer risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Ke Zhou
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, NIH, DHHS, 9609 Medical Center Drive, MSC 9774, Bethesda, MD 20892-9774, USA
| | - Siobhan Sutcliffe
- Division of Public Health Sciences and the Siteman Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Judith Welsh
- NIH Library, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Karen Mackinnon
- Medical Research Council Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, London, UK
| | - Diana Kuh
- Medical Research Council Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Hardy
- Medical Research Council Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, London, UK
| | - Michael B Cook
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, NIH, DHHS, 9609 Medical Center Drive, MSC 9774, Bethesda, MD 20892-9774, USA
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12
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Sandvei MS, Lagiou P, Romundstad PR, Trichopoulos D, Vatten LJ. Size at birth and risk of breast cancer: update from a prospective population-based study. Eur J Epidemiol 2015; 30:485-92. [PMID: 26026723 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-015-0045-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Birth size variables (birth weight, birth length and head circumference) have been reported to be positively associated with adult breast cancer risk, whereas a possible association of placental weight has not been adequately studied. It has also been suggested that maternal height may modify the association of birth size with adult breast cancer risk, but this has not been studied in detail. We updated a long-term follow-up of 22,931 Norwegian women (average of 51 years of follow up during which 870 women were diagnosed with breast cancer) and assessed placental weight in relation to breast cancer risk, in addition to providing updated analyses on breast cancer risk in relation to birth weight, birth length and head circumference. Placental weight was not associated with risk for breast cancer in adulthood, but there was a positive association of breast cancer risk with birth length (HR 1.13, 95% CI 1.05-1.21, per 2 cm increment), though not with birth weight (HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.95-1.10 per 0.5 kg increment). For birth length, the graded increase in risk was particularly strong among women whose mothers were relatively tall (p for trend, 0.001), compared to the trend among women whose mothers were relatively short (p for trend, 0.221). The results showed a robust and positive association of birth length with breast cancer risk, and may be especially strong in women whose mothers were relatively tall. We found no association of placental weight with risk for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Søfteland Sandvei
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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13
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O'Neill KA, Murphy MF, Bunch KJ, Puumala SE, Carozza SE, Chow EJ, Mueller BA, McLaughlin CC, Reynolds P, Vincent TJ, Von Behren J, Spector LG. Infant birthweight and risk of childhood cancer: international population-based case control studies of 40 000 cases. Int J Epidemiol 2015; 44:153-68. [PMID: 25626438 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyu265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High birthweight is an established risk factor for childhood leukaemia. Its association with other childhood cancers is less clear, with studies hampered by low case numbers. METHODS We used two large independent datasets to explore risk associations between birthweight and all subtypes of childhood cancer. Data for 16 554 cases and 53 716 controls were obtained by linkage of birth to cancer registration records across five US states, and 23 772 cases and 33 206 controls were obtained from the UK National Registry of Childhood Tumours. US, but not UK, data were adjusted for gestational age, birth order, plurality, and maternal age and race/ethnicity. RESULTS Risk associations were found between birthweight and several childhood cancers, with strikingly similar results between datasets. Total cancer risk increased linearly with each 0.5 kg increase in birthweight in both the US [odds ratio 1.06 (95% confidence interval 1.04, 1.08)] and UK [1.06 (1.05, 1.08)] datasets. Risk was strongest for leukaemia [USA: 1.10 (1.06, 1.13), UK: 1.07 (1.04, 1.10)], tumours of the central nervous system [USA: 1.05 (1.01, 1.08), UK: 1.07 (1.04, 1.10)], renal tumours [USA: 1.17 (1.10, 1.24), UK: 1.12 (1.06, 1.19)] and soft tissue sarcomas [USA: 1.12 (1.05, 1.20), UK: 1.07 (1.00, 1.13)]. In contrast, increasing birthweight decreased the risk of hepatic tumours [USA: 0.77 (0.69, 0.85), UK: 0.79 (0.71, 0.89) per 0.5 kg increase]. Associations were also observed between high birthweight and risk of neuroblastoma, lymphomas, germ cell tumours and malignant melanomas. For some cancer subtypes, risk associations with birthweight were non-linear. We observed no association between birthweight and risk of retinoblastoma or bone tumours. CONCLUSIONS Approximately half of all childhood cancers exhibit associations with birthweight. The apparent independence from other factors indicates the importance of intrauterine growth regulation in the aetiology of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate A O'Neill
- Department of Paediatrics, Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Formerly of the Childhood Cancer Research Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, Sanford Research Center, Sioux Falls, SD, USA, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, CA, USA and Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA Department of Paediatrics, Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Formerly of the Childhood Cancer Research Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, Sanford Research Center, Sioux Falls, SD, USA, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, CA, USA and Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Michael Fg Murphy
- Department of Paediatrics, Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Formerly of the Childhood Cancer Research Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, Sanford Research Center, Sioux Falls, SD, USA, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, CA, USA and Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA Department of Paediatrics, Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Formerly of the Childhood Cancer Research Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, Sanford Research Center, Sioux Falls, SD, USA, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, CA, USA and Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kathryn J Bunch
- Department of Paediatrics, Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Formerly of the Childhood Cancer Research Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, Sanford Research Center, Sioux Falls, SD, USA, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, CA, USA and Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA Department of Paediatrics, Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Formerly of the Childhood Cancer Research Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, Sanford Research Center, Sioux Falls, SD, USA, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, CA, USA and Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Susan E Puumala
- Department of Paediatrics, Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Formerly of the Childhood Cancer Research Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, Sanford Research Center, Sioux Falls, SD, USA, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, CA, USA and Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Susan E Carozza
- Department of Paediatrics, Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Formerly of the Childhood Cancer Research Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, Sanford Research Center, Sioux Falls, SD, USA, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, CA, USA and Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Eric J Chow
- Department of Paediatrics, Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Formerly of the Childhood Cancer Research Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, Sanford Research Center, Sioux Falls, SD, USA, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, CA, USA and Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Beth A Mueller
- Department of Paediatrics, Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Formerly of the Childhood Cancer Research Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, Sanford Research Center, Sioux Falls, SD, USA, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, CA, USA and Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Colleen C McLaughlin
- Department of Paediatrics, Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Formerly of the Childhood Cancer Research Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, Sanford Research Center, Sioux Falls, SD, USA, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, CA, USA and Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Peggy Reynolds
- Department of Paediatrics, Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Formerly of the Childhood Cancer Research Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, Sanford Research Center, Sioux Falls, SD, USA, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, CA, USA and Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Tim J Vincent
- Department of Paediatrics, Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Formerly of the Childhood Cancer Research Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, Sanford Research Center, Sioux Falls, SD, USA, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, CA, USA and Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Julie Von Behren
- Department of Paediatrics, Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Formerly of the Childhood Cancer Research Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, Sanford Research Center, Sioux Falls, SD, USA, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, CA, USA and Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Logan G Spector
- Department of Paediatrics, Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Formerly of the Childhood Cancer Research Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, Sanford Research Center, Sioux Falls, SD, USA, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, CA, USA and Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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14
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Trosko JE. Human adult stem cells as the target cells for the initiation of carcinogenesis and for the generation of "cancer stem cells". Int J Stem Cells 2014; 1:8-26. [PMID: 24855504 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc.2008.1.1.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2008] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The inference to stem cells has been found in ancient myths and the concept of stem cells has existed in the fields of plant biology, developmental biology and embryology for decades. In the field of cancer research, the stem cell theory was one of the earliest hypotheses on the origin of a cancer from a single cell. However, an opposing hypothesis had it that an adult differentiated somatic cell could "de-differentiate" to become a cancer cell. Only within the last decade, via the "cloning" of Dolly, the sheep, did the field of stem cell biology really trigger an exciting revolution in biological research. The isolation of human embryonic stem cells has created a true revolution in the life sciences that has led to the hope that these human stem cells could lead to (a) basic science understanding of gene regulation during differentiation and development; (b) stem cell therapy; (c) gene therapy via stem cells; (d) the use of stem cells for drug discovery; (e) screening for toxic effects of chemicals; and (f) understand the aging and diseases of aging processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Trosko
- Department of Pediatrics/Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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15
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Lipworth L, Lagiou P, Hsieh CC, Trichopoulos D. Re: Height as an Explanatory Factor for Sex Differences in Human Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2013; 105:1762. [DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djt285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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16
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Lokate M, van Duijnhoven FJB, van den Berg SW, Peeters PHM, van Gils CH. Early life factors and adult mammographic density. Cancer Causes Control 2013; 24:1771-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10552-013-0254-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Berstein LM. High Bab Birth Weight Andof Hormone-Associated Cancer in Mothers: The Cancer–Cardiovascular Disease Dichotomy and its Possible Causes. WOMENS HEALTH 2013; 9:361-71. [DOI: 10.2217/whe.13.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The idea of intrauterine or fetal factors being the cause of several prevalent noninfectious diseases in adults has recently gained the status of an axiom. One of the most thoroughly studied predictors is birth weight (BW). Although many published studies point at relations between BW and later adult morbidity or mortality, much less attention is paid to associations between baby BW and maternal morbidity. Available data suggest a sort of dichotomy in these relationships. Thus, cardiovascular risk is higher in mothers of babies with a reduced BW, while cancer risk, mainly of the breast and some other hormone-dependent cancers, is often higher among mothers of babies with a large BW (newborn macrosomia). This review addresses possible causes and endocrine mechanisms of this topic and suggests a ‘particular’ and ‘general’ solution for arising controversy. Emphasis is placed on a probable competition between chronic diseases (mainly, between female hormone-related cancer and cardiovascular pathology) within the concept of multiple causes of death. These associations should be remembered while studying the relation between offspring BW and maternal predisposition to hormone-associated cancers and other noncommunicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lev M Berstein
- Laboratory of Oncoendocrinology, NN Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, Pesochny, St Petersburg, 197758 Russia, Tel.: +7 812 439 9536, Fax: +7 812 596 8947,
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18
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Divya MS, Roshin GE, Divya TS, Rasheed VA, Santhoshkumar TR, Elizabeth KE, James J, Pillai RM. Umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells consist of a unique population of progenitors co-expressing mesenchymal stem cell and neuronal markers capable of instantaneous neuronal differentiation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2012; 3:57. [PMID: 23253356 PMCID: PMC3580487 DOI: 10.1186/scrt148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Umbilical cord blood (UCB)-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are self-renewing multipotent progenitors with the potential to differentiate into multiple lineages of mesoderm, in addition to generating ectodermal and endodermal lineages by crossing the germline barrier. In the present study we have investigated the ability of UCB-MSCs to generate neurons, since we were able to observe varying degrees of neuronal differentiation from a few batches of UCB-MSCs with very simple neuronal induction protocols whereas other batches required extensive exposure to combination of growth factors in a stepwise protocol. Our hypothesis was therefore that the human UCB-MSCs would contain multiple types of progenitors with varying neurogenic potential and that the ratio of the progenitors with high and low neurogenic potentials varies in different batches of UCB. METHODS In total we collected 45 UCB samples, nine of which generated MSCs that were further expanded and characterized using immunofluorescence, fluorescence-activated cell sorting and RT-PCR analysis. The neuronal differentiation potential of the UCB-MSCs was analyzed with exposure to combination of growth factors. RESULTS We could identify two different populations of progenitors within the UCB-MSCs. One population represented progenitors with innate neurogenic potential that initially express pluripotent stem cell markers such as Oct4, Nanog, Sox2, ABCG2 and neuro-ectodermal marker nestin and are capable of expanding and differentiating into neurons with exposure to simple neuronal induction conditions. The remaining population of cells, typically expressing MSC markers, requires extensive exposure to a combination of growth factors to transdifferentiate into neurons. Interesting to note was that both of these cell populations were positive for CD29 and CD105, indicating their MSC lineage, but showed prominent difference in their neurogenic potential. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the expanded UCB-derived MSCs harbor a small unique population of cells that express pluripotent stem cell markers along with MSC markers and possess an inherent neurogenic potential. These pluripotent progenitors later generate cells expressing neural progenitor markers and are responsible for the instantaneous neuronal differentiation; the ratio of these pluripotent marker expressing cells in a batch determines the innate neurogenic potential.
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19
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Chang CI, Low HP, Qiu L, Strohsnitter WC, Hsieh CC. Prenatal modulation of breast density and breast stem cells by insulin-like growth factor-1. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF STEM CELLS 2012; 1:239-252. [PMID: 23671811 PMCID: PMC3636733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Biological determinants of breast density, a strong predictor of human breast cancer risk, are postulated to be influenced by prenatal exposures to mitogens. We investigated the extent to which prenatal exposures to insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) would affect body weight, breast density, and levels of breast stem/progenitor cells in the prepubescent offspring of wild type C57BL/6J and IGF-1 deficient mice. We found that administration of IGF-1 to pregnant mice resulted in significantly heavier birth and postnatal body weights of the offspring when compared to PBS controls. Morphometric analysis of whole mount carmine alum staining of the left fourth inguinal mammary gland revealed that a prenatal dose of 5 μg IGF-1 resulted in significantly longer ductal elongation in wild type mice and significantly higher breast density in both mouse strains. Furthermore, 5 μg IGF-1 also resulted in the highest number of putative CD49f(+)CD24(+) and CD49f(+)CD24(+)CD29(+) breast stem/progenitor cells in the wild type offspring when compared to PBS controls, as assessed by flow cytometric analysis of dissociated cells from the right fourth inguinal mammary gland, while significantly higher numbers of these cell populations as well as CD24(+)CD29(+) and CD49f(+)EpCAM(+) cells were observed in IGF-1 deficient mice. These findings provide direct evidence for a prenatal modulation of breast density in the offspring by IGF-1, possibly involving populations of breast stem/progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-I Chang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Hoi Pang Low
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Li Qiu
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcester, MA 01605, USA
| | | | - Chung-Cheng Hsieh
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcester, MA 01605, USA
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20
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Chokkalingam AP, Metayer C, Scelo G, Chang JS, Schiffman J, Urayama KY, Ma X, Hansen HM, Feusner JH, Barcellos LF, Wiencke JK, Wiemels JL, Buffler PA. Fetal growth and body size genes and risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer Causes Control 2012; 23:1577-85. [PMID: 22878902 PMCID: PMC3415610 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-012-0035-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) may be initiated in utero or early in the postnatal period. High birth weight (or rapid fetal growth) is associated with risk of ALL, but the mechanisms are not understood. In a population-based epidemiologic study of childhood ALL, we utilized a haplotype-based approach to assess the role of eight genes involved in fetal growth and body size regulation in 377 childhood ALL cases and 448 controls. We found significant haplotype associations with risk of childhood ALL for IGF1 among non-Hispanics and Hispanics together (p = 0.002), for IGF2 among Hispanics (p = 0.040), and for IGF2R among Hispanics and non-Hispanics (p = 0.051 and 0.009, respectively). No haplotype associations were observed for IGF1R or the studied genes involved in body size regulation, including LEP, LEPR, GHRL, and NPY. Our study is the first to identify an association between the genes involved in the IGF axis and risk of childhood ALL. These findings for childhood ALL emphasize the importance of fetal growth, when lymphoid progenitor cells are not yet fully differentiated and therefore more susceptible to malignant transformation. Additional studies are needed to confirm these findings and identify specific causal variants.
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21
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Qiu L, Low HP, Chang CI, Strohsnitter WC, Anderson M, Edmiston K, Adami HO, Ekbom A, Hall P, Lagiou P, Trichopoulos D, Hsieh CC. Novel measurements of mammary stem cells in human umbilical cord blood as prospective predictors of breast cancer susceptibility in later life. Ann Oncol 2012; 23:245-250. [PMID: 21515664 PMCID: PMC3276324 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdr153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The size of the breast stem-cell pool could underlie the intrauterine roots of breast cancer. We studied whether breast stem cells exist in umbilical cord blood and if they correlate with hematopoietic stem-cell measurements that have been positively associated with perinatal risk factors for breast cancer. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We isolated mononuclear cells from umbilical cord blood of 170 singleton full-term pregnancies and determined, by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, the presence of genes of putative breast epithelial stem-cell/progenitor markers [including epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), CD49f (α6-integrin), CD117 (c-kit receptor), CD24, and CD29 (β1-integrin)]. By immunocytochemistry, we colocalized protein expressions of EpCAM+CD49f+, CD49f+CD24+, and CD24+CD29+. We correlated concentrations of putative breast stem-cell/progenitor subpopulations, quantified by flow cytometry, with concentrations of hematopoietic stem cells. RESULTS Mammary stem-cell phenotypes were identified in umbilical cord blood. The measured EpCAM+ subpopulation was positively correlated with concentrations of CD34+ and CD34+CD38- hematopoietic stem cells (both P=0.006). Additionally, EpCAM+CD49f+ and CD49f+CD24+ subpopulations were positively correlated to the CD34+ cells (P=0.03 and 0.008, respectively). CONCLUSION The positive association between measurable breast and hematopoietic stem cells in human umbilical cord blood suggests plausible mechanisms for a prenatal influence on breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Qiu
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester
| | - H P Low
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester
| | - C-I Chang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester
| | - W C Strohsnitter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston
| | - M Anderson
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School and University of Massachusetts Memorial Health Care, Worcester
| | - K Edmiston
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School and University of Massachusetts Memorial Health Care, Worcester
| | - H-O Adami
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, USA; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
| | - A Ekbom
- Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet/Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
| | - P Lagiou
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, USA; Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - D Trichopoulos
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - C-C Hsieh
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester.
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22
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Capittini C, Bergamaschi P, De Silvestri A, Marchesi A, Genovese V, Romano B, Tinelli C, Salvaneschi L. Birth-weight as a risk factor for cancer in adulthood: The stem cell perspective. Maturitas 2011; 69:91-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2011.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Revised: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Cha ES, Kong KA, Moon EK, Khang YH, Lee WJ. Childhood cancer mortality and birth characteristics in Korea: a national population-based birth cohort study. J Korean Med Sci 2011; 26:339-45. [PMID: 21394300 PMCID: PMC3051079 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2011.26.3.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine the relationship between birth characteristics and childhood cancer mortality, a retrospective cohort study of Korean children was conducted using data collected by the national birth register between 1995 and 2006, which were then individually linked to death data. A cohort of 6,479,406 children was followed from birth until their death or until December 31, 2006. Poisson regression analyses were used to calculate rate ratios of childhood cancer deaths according to birth characteristics. A total of 1,469 cancer deaths were noted and the childhood cancer mortality rate was found to be 3.43 per 100,000 person-years in Korea during the period of 1995-2006. The birth characteristics examined in this study (i.e. , birth weight, gestational age, multiple births, parental ages, and number of siblings) were generally found to be not significantly associated with childhood cancer mortality, and the associations did not vary meaningfully with gender nor with cancer sites. However, among children aged 5-11 yr, higher birth weight was associated with elevated childhood cancer mortality (rate ratio = 1.28, 95% confidence interval 1.04-1.58). Our results offer no overall associations between childhood cancer mortality and birth characteristics, but suggest that the association may be specific to age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Shil Cha
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Ae Kong
- Division of Chronic Disease Surveillance, Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongwon, Korea
| | - Eun Kyeong Moon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Ho Khang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Jin Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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24
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Trosko JE, Upham BL. A paradigm shift is required for the risk assessment of potential human health after exposure to low level chemical exposures: a response to the toxicity testing in the 21st century report. Int J Toxicol 2010; 29:344-57. [PMID: 20634539 DOI: 10.1177/1091581810371384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Chemicals are known to be associated with birth defects, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, immunological, reproductive, and neurological disorders. In response to recent reviews of limitations of current concepts and techniques for toxicity testing, this commentary challenges the paradigm that chemicals are directly responsible for DNA damage in the genomic-nuclear DNA in relevant cells of the human body. This challenge is not that mutations do not play roles in human-inherited or somatic diseases but that chemical exposures bring about disease end points by epigenetic mechanisms or by alterations in adult stem cell numbers in utero (ie, the Barker hypothesis) or postnatally, by selecting preexisting mutated cells. Classic concepts, that is, multistage, multimechanism process of carcinogenesis, stem cell theory of cancer, and newer and ignored concepts, such as cancer stem cells and cell-cell communication, will be used to support the view that the toxic effect of chemicals is mediated by nonmutagenic mechanisms at human relevant exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Trosko
- Department Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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25
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Mentis AFA, Kararizou E. Does ageing originate in utero? Biogerontology 2010; 11:725-9. [PMID: 20607402 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-010-9293-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Accepted: 06/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ageing still remains a conundrum on the cellular and molecular level, while environmental factors and interactions further increase the complexity of the ageing process. On the other hand is cancer, for which 20 years ago, it was proposed by Trichopoulos that it might have intrauterine origin. We herein discuss the idea that parameters such as the influence of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signalling, of hormones and of the number of stem cells, as well as the effect of foetal and early life nutrition on ageing may also commence in utero and we provide epidemiological and biological data to advocate for this hypothesis. Finally, we analyse the public health implication of this hypothesis based on the World Health Organization (WHO) report that the burden of diseases, including ageing, may be due to impaired foetal development.
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Eden JA. Breast cancer, stem cells and sex hormones: part 1. The impact of fetal life and infancy. Maturitas 2010; 67:117-20. [PMID: 20579822 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2010.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2010] [Revised: 05/12/2010] [Accepted: 05/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Like other organs, the breast contains rare somatic stem cells (SCs) that are long-lived and slowly dividing. In the adult breast, they are closely regulated in areas located along the breast ducts called SC niches. Breast SCs can produce offspring that become ductal, alveoli or myoepithelial cells. In fetal life, SCs form the primitive breast ducts and up to 30 weeks of gestational age, this process appears to be largely independent of estrogen. Early life risk factors for breast cancer include birth weight, rapid growth during infancy and diet. The impact of these risk factors may be mediated through SC number. These somatic breast SCs persist into adult life and so they are exposed to oncogenic influences for much longer than the short-lived differentiated breast ductal and alveolar cells. As such, it is likely that the breast SC is a prominent target for carcinogenesis and so SC number may be an important determinant of breast cancer risk later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Eden
- School of Women and Children's Health, Royal Hospital for Women, Barker Street, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia.
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27
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Tamimi RM, Eriksson L, Lagiou P, Czene K, Ekbom A, Hsieh CC, Adami HO, Trichopoulos D, Hall P. Birth weight and mammographic density among postmenopausal women in Sweden. Int J Cancer 2010; 126:985-91. [PMID: 19642103 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Birth weight is a significant predictor of breast cancer risk in adult life and mammary gland mass could be an intermediate stage in this long process. We have studied the association of birth size measurements with mammographic density, a marker of mammary gland mass. For a population-based sample of 893 postmenopausal women without previous cancer in Sweden, we retrieved information on birth size from birth records and their most recent mammography. Film mammograms of the medio-lateral oblique view were digitized and the Cumulus software was used for computer-assisted semi-automated thresholding of mammographic density. Results were analyzed using generalized linear models controlling for possible confounders. Mean percent mammographic density increased when comparing the extreme categories of birth weight (from 15.6% to 18.6%) and head circumference (from 15.5% to 20.4%), and the corresponding linear trends were statistically significant (p values 0.02 and 0.007, respectively). The associations were particularly strong when the cutoff for high versus low mammographic density was set at the relatively high value of 50%. Compared to women weighing 3001-3500 grams at birth, women with birth weights >4000g were at almost 3-fold risk of developing high mammographic density (odds ratio: 2.9, 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 7.9). No association with mammographic density was evident with respect to birth length which, however, is known to be less accurately measured. These results indicate that adult breast density, a powerful predictor of breast cancer risk, has intrauterine roots, as reflected in birth size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rulla M Tamimi
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Tamimi RM, Lagiou P, Czene K, Liu J, Ekbom A, Hsieh CC, Adami HO, Trichopoulos D, Hall P. Birth weight, breast cancer susceptibility loci, and breast cancer risk. Cancer Causes Control 2010; 21:689-96. [PMID: 20054709 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-009-9496-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2009] [Accepted: 12/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is considerable evidence that birth weight is positively associated with breast cancer risk, and seven single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been conclusively associated with this risk. We have hypothesized that breast cancer susceptibility loci may have a greater influence on breast cancer risk among women with higher birth weight, who are expected to have a larger pool of mammary stem cells that are susceptible to malignant transformation. PATIENTS AND METHODS In the context of a nationwide, population-based case-control study in Sweden, we retrieved recorded birth weight for 693 breast cancer cases and 747 control women who were also genotyped for most or all of the seven recently documented breast cancer susceptibility SNPs: rs2981582, rs12443621, rs8051542, rs3803662, rs889312, rs13281615, and rs3817198. RESULTS We grouped heterozygotes with homozygotes for the wild-type allele, and we found a marginally significant interaction (p~0.07) between birth weight and rs2981582 (FGFR2), the genotype repeatedly identified as the top hit in genome-wide association studies. There were similar, though not significant, patterns for the other six SNPs. CONCLUSIONS Although our findings require confirmation, we found suggestive evidence that genetic susceptibility modifies the positive association of birth weight with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rulla M Tamimi
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Abstract
Breast cancer incidence and birth weight are higher among Caucasian than Asian women, and birth size has been positively associated with breast cancer risk. Pregnancy hormone levels, however, have been generally lower in Caucasian than Asian women. We studied components of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system in cord blood from 92 singleton babies born in Boston, USA, and 110 born in Shanghai, China, in 1994–1995. Cord blood IGF-1 was significantly higher among Caucasian compared with Chinese babies (P<10−6). The opposite was noted for IGF-2 (P∼10−4). IGF-1 was significantly positively associated with birth weight and birth length in Boston, but not Shanghai. In contrast, stronger positive, though statistically non-significant, associations of IGF-2 with birth size were only evident in Shanghai. The associations of birth weight and birth length were positive and significant in taller women (for IGF-1 in Boston P∼0.003 and 0.03, respectively; for IGF-2 in Shanghai P∼0.05 and ∼0.04, respectively), among whom maternal anthropometry does not exercise strong constraints in foetal growth. The documentation of higher cord blood levels of IGF-1, a principal growth hormone that does not cross the placenta, among Caucasian than in Asian newborns is concordant with breast cancer incidence in these populations.
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30
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Lagiou P, Hsieh CC, Trichopoulos D, Adami HO, Hall P, Chie L, Ekbom A. Neonatal growth and breast cancer risk in adulthood. Br J Cancer 2008; 99:1544-8. [PMID: 18827810 PMCID: PMC2579685 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2008] [Revised: 09/05/2008] [Accepted: 09/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Birth size of a woman has been positively associated with her breast cancer risk, particularly before menopause, but no study has investigated neonatal growth in relation to this risk. We conducted a case-control study nested within a population-based cohort of women, born in Sweden between 1901 and 1961, covering all 405 breast cancer patients and 1081 age- and hospital-matched controls, who were born after newborn charts became available. Compared to neonates who lost <200 g after birth and grew at a rate <25 g day(-1) after reaching postnatal weight nadir (ie, the minimum, before starting to regain weight), those who either lost >/=200 g after birth or grew >/=25 g day(-1) after nadir, or both, were at an approximately 50% increased breast cancer risk. The excess risk was striking and statistically significant among women below 50 years of age, but was not evident among older women. Immediate postnatal weight loss (an indicator of water loss, likely to reflect water retention associated with pregnancy hormones) as well as neonatal weight gain rate after the nadir (known to reflect growth hormone levels) was significantly positively associated with premenopausal breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lagiou
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, University of Athens, 75 M Asias Street, Athens GR-115 27, Greece
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Box 281, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - C-C Hsieh
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Box 281, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, UMass Cancer Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, LRB 427, Worcester, MA 01605,USA
| | - D Trichopoulos
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Box 281, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - H-O Adami
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Box 281, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - P Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Box 281, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - L Chie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - A Ekbom
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm SE-171 76, Sweden
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