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Gupta D, Roy P, Sharma R, Kasana R, Rathore P, Gupta TK. Recent nanotheranostic approaches in cancer research. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:8. [PMID: 38240834 PMCID: PMC10799106 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01262-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Humanity is suffering from cancer which has become a root cause of untimely deaths of individuals around the globe in the recent past. Nanotheranostics integrates therapeutics and diagnostics to monitor treatment response and enhance drug efficacy and safety. We hereby propose to discuss all recent cancer imaging and diagnostic tools, the mechanism of targeting tumor cells, and current nanotheranostic platforms available for cancer. This review discusses various nanotheranostic agents and novel molecular imaging tools like MRI, CT, PET, SPEC, and PAT used for cancer diagnostics. Emphasis is given to gold nanoparticles, silica, liposomes, dendrimers, and metal-based agents. We also highlight the mechanism of targeting the tumor cells, and the limitations of different nanotheranostic agents in the field of research for cancer treatment. Due to the complexity in this area, multifunctional and hybrid nanoparticles functionalized with targeted moieties or anti-cancer drugs show the best feature for theranostics that enables them to work on carrying and delivering active materials to the desired area of the requirement for early detection and diagnosis. Non-invasive imaging techniques have a specificity of receptor binding and internalization processes of the nanosystems within the cancer cells. Nanotheranostics may provide the appropriate medicine at the appropriate dose to the appropriate patient at the appropriate time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepshikha Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India.
| | - Priyanka Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Rishabh Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India
| | - Richa Kasana
- Department of Chemistry, Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India
| | - Pragati Rathore
- Department of Chemistry, Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India
| | - Tejendra Kumar Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India
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Galal MA, Alouch SS, Alsultan BS, Dahman H, Alyabis NA, Alammar SA, Aljada A. Insulin Receptor Isoforms and Insulin Growth Factor-like Receptors: Implications in Cell Signaling, Carcinogenesis, and Chemoresistance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15006. [PMID: 37834454 PMCID: PMC10573852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241915006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review thoroughly explores the intricate involvement of insulin receptor (IR) isoforms and insulin-like growth factor receptors (IGFRs) in the context of the insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling (IIS) pathway. This elaborate system encompasses ligands, receptors, and binding proteins, giving rise to a wide array of functions, including aspects such as carcinogenesis and chemoresistance. Detailed genetic analysis of IR and IGFR structures highlights their distinct isoforms, which arise from alternative splicing and exhibit diverse affinities for ligands. Notably, the overexpression of the IR-A isoform is linked to cancer stemness, tumor development, and resistance to targeted therapies. Similarly, elevated IGFR expression accelerates tumor progression and fosters chemoresistance. The review underscores the intricate interplay between IRs and IGFRs, contributing to resistance against anti-IGFR drugs. Consequently, the dual targeting of both receptors could present a more effective strategy for surmounting chemoresistance. To conclude, this review brings to light the pivotal roles played by IRs and IGFRs in cellular signaling, carcinogenesis, and therapy resistance. By precisely modulating these receptors and their complex signaling pathways, the potential emerges for developing enhanced anti-cancer interventions, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Ahmed Galal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1QU, UK
| | - Samhar Samer Alouch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Buthainah Saad Alsultan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda Dahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf Abdullah Alyabis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Ammar Alammar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Aljada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
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Yemets A, Plokhovska S, Pushkarova N, Blume Y. Quantum Dot-Antibody Conjugates for Immunofluorescence Studies of Biomolecules and Subcellular Structures. J Fluoresc 2022; 32:1713-1723. [PMID: 35670918 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-022-02968-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dots, or nanoscale semiconductors, are one of the most important materials for various research and development purposes. Due to their advantageous photoluminescence and electronic properties, namely, their unique photostability, high brightness, narrow emission spectra from visible to near-infrared wavelengths, convey them significant advantages over widely used fluorochromes, including organic dyes, fluorescent probes. Quantum dots are a unique instrument for a wide range of immunoassays with antibodies. The paper provides an overview of the developed and already applied methods of quantum dot surface modification, quantum dots conjugation to different antibodies (non-covalent, direct covalent linkage or with the use of special adapter molecules), as well as practical examples of recent quantum dot-antibody applications in the immunofluorescence microscopy for cell and cell structure imaging, fluorescent assays for biomolecules detection and in diagnostics of various diseases. The review presents advantages of quantum dot-antibody conjugation technology over the existing methods of immunofluorescence studies and a forward look into its potential prospects in biological and biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla Yemets
- Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Osypovskogo str., 2a, 04123, Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | - Svitlana Plokhovska
- Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Osypovskogo str., 2a, 04123, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Nadia Pushkarova
- Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Osypovskogo str., 2a, 04123, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Yaroslav Blume
- Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Osypovskogo str., 2a, 04123, Kyiv, Ukraine
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Choi JH, Park JY. Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Receptor Targeted Fluorescent Imaging for Gallbladder Cancer in Orthotopic Mouse Models. Gut Liver 2021; 16:606-612. [PMID: 34462395 PMCID: PMC9289833 DOI: 10.5009/gnl210164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Gallbladder cancer is fatal, but fluorescent imaging technology can facilitate timely diagnosis and improve patient outcomes. Fluorophore-conjugated insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) targeted antibodies were used to visualize gallbladder cancer in orthotopic tumor mouse models. Methods Western blotting, flow cytometric analysis, and confocal microscopy detected the expression of IGF-1R in SNU-308, SNU-478, and SNU-1196 bile duct cancer cells. In vivo imaging of SNU-478 and SNU-1196 subcutaneous tumors and orthotopic gallbladder tumor models of SNU-478 were performed after injection with DyLight 650-conjugated IGF-1R antibody. Results Western blotting and flow cytometric analysis showed that IGF-1R was expressed in bile duct cancer cells, and confocal microscopy demonstrated that IGF-1R antibody was able to bind to IGF-1R on the cell membrane. Fluorescent IGF-1R antibody injected into the mouse tail vein made subcutaneous tumors and orthotopic tumors become fluorescent. The intensity of fluorescence from the tumor was stronger than that from surrounding normal tissues. Histochemical examination confirmed that the tumor was located inside the gallbladder and adjacent liver parenchyma of mice. Conclusions Our study showed that a fluorescent IGF-1R-targeted antibody could help detect gallbladder tumors. Tumor-specific imaging technology can be applied to endoscopy, laparoscopy, and robotic surgery for better management of gallbladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Ha Choi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Youp Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Candidate Biomarkers for Specific Intraoperative Near-Infrared Imaging of Soft Tissue Sarcomas: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030557. [PMID: 33535618 PMCID: PMC7867119 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Near-infrared imaging of tumors during surgery facilitates the oncologic surgeon to distinguish malignant from healthy tissue. The technique is based on fluorescent tracers binding to tumor biomarkers on malignant cells. Currently, there are no clinically available fluorescent tracers that specifically target soft tissue sarcomas. This review searched the literature to find candidate biomarkers for soft tissue sarcomas, based on clinically used therapeutic antibodies. The search revealed 7 biomarkers: TEM1, VEGFR-1, EGFR, VEGFR-2, IGF-1R, PDGFRα, and CD40. These biomarkers are abundantly present on soft tissue sarcoma tumor cells and are already being targeted with humanized monoclonal antibodies. The conjugation of these antibodies with a fluorescent dye will yield in specific tracers for image-guided surgery of soft tissue sarcomas to improve the success rates of tumor resections. Abstract Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for localized soft tissue sarcomas (STS). The curative treatment highly depends on complete tumor resection, as positive margins are associated with local recurrence (LR) and prognosis. However, determining the tumor margin during surgery is challenging. Real-time tumor-specific imaging can facilitate complete resection by visualizing tumor tissue during surgery. Unfortunately, STS specific tracers are presently not clinically available. In this review, STS-associated cell surface-expressed biomarkers, which are currently already clinically targeted with monoclonal antibodies for therapeutic purposes, are evaluated for their use in near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging of STS. Clinically targeted biomarkers in STS were extracted from clinical trial registers and a PubMed search was performed. Data on biomarker characteristics, sample size, percentage of biomarker-positive STS samples, pattern of biomarker expression, biomarker internalization features, and previous applications of the biomarker in imaging were extracted. The biomarkers were ranked utilizing a previously described scoring system. Eleven cell surface-expressed biomarkers were identified from which 7 were selected as potential biomarkers for NIRF imaging: TEM1, VEGFR-1, EGFR, VEGFR-2, IGF-1R, PDGFRα, and CD40. Promising biomarkers in common and aggressive STS subtypes are TEM1 for myxofibrosarcoma, TEM1, and PDGFRα for undifferentiated soft tissue sarcoma and EGFR for synovial sarcoma.
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Xu L, Dai Y, Wang Z, Zhao J, Li F, White JC, Xing B. Graphene quantum dots in alveolar macrophage: uptake-exocytosis, accumulation in nuclei, nuclear responses and DNA cleavage. Part Fibre Toxicol 2018; 15:45. [PMID: 30424790 PMCID: PMC6234698 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-018-0279-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the tremendous potential for graphene quantum dots (QDs) in biomedical applications, a thorough understanding of the interaction of these materials with macrophages is essential because macrophages are one of the most important barriers against exogenous particles. Although the cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of graphene QDs were reported in previous studies, the interaction between nuclei and the internalized graphene QDs is not well understood. We thus systematically studied the nuclear uptake and related nuclear response associated with aminated graphene QDs (AG-QDs) exposure. RESULTS AG-QDs showed modest 24-h inhibition to rat alveolar macrophages (NR8383), with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 200 μg/mL. Early apoptosis was significantly increased by AG-QDs (100 and 200 μg/mL) exposure and played a major role in cell death. The internalization of AG-QDs was mainly via energy-dependent endocytosis, phagocytosis and caveolae-mediated endocytosis. After a 48-h clearance period, more than half of the internalized AG-QDs remained in the cellular cytoplasm and nucleus. Moreover, AG-QDs were effectively accumulated in nucleus and were likely regulated by two nuclear pore complexes genes (Kapβ2 and Nup98). AG-QDs were shown to alter the morphology, area, viability and nuclear components of exposed cells. Significant cleavage and cross-linking of DNA chains after AG-QDs exposure were confirmed by atomic force microscopy investigation. Molecular docking simulations showed that H-bonding and π-π stacking were the dominant forces mediating the interactions between AG-QDs and DNA, and were the important mechanisms resulting in DNA chain cleavage. In addition, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (e.g., •OH), and the up-regulation of caspase genes also contributed to DNA cleavage. CONCLUSIONS AG-QDs were internalized by macrophages and accumulated in nuclei, which further resulted in nuclear damage and DNA cleavage. It is demonstrated that oxidative damage, direct contact via H-bonding and π-π stacking, and the up-regulation of caspase genes are the primary mechanisms for the observed DNA cleavage by AG-QDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Xu
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 China
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100 China
| | - Yanhui Dai
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100 China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071 China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100 China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071 China
| | - Fei Li
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071 China
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai, 264003 China
| | - Jason C. White
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT 06504 USA
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
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Abstract
The important role of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) in malignant tumors has been well established. Increased IGF-1R activity promotes cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and is associated with tumor metastasis, treatment resistance, poor prognosis, and shortened survival in patients with cancer. However, while IGF-1R has become a promising target for cancer therapy, IGF-1R-targeted therapy is ineffective in unselected patients. It is therefore essential to evaluate IGF-1R expression before treatment in order to identify responsive patients, monitor therapy efficacy, and estimate prognosis. Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor molecular imaging is an optimal method for assessing the expression of IGF-1R in vivo accurately and noninvasively. In this review, we will summarize the current status of IGF-1R molecular imaging in cancer, in which 5 major classes of ligands that have been developed for noninvasive IGF-1R molecular imaging will be discussed: natural ligands, monoclonal antibodies, antibody fragments, affibodies, and small molecules. For decades, IGF-1R molecular imaging is studied in full swing and more effort is needed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Sun
- 1 Molecular Imaging Research Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.,2 TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xilin Sun
- 1 Molecular Imaging Research Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.,2 TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.,3 Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Baozhong Shen
- 1 Molecular Imaging Research Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.,2 TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Bosma SE, van Driel PB, Hogendoorn PC, Dijkstra PS, Sier CF. Introducing fluorescence guided surgery into orthopedic oncology: A systematic review of candidate protein targets for Ewing sarcoma. J Surg Oncol 2018; 118:906-914. [PMID: 30212597 PMCID: PMC6220824 DOI: 10.1002/jso.25224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (ES), an aggressive bone and soft‐tissue tumor, is treated with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. Intra‐operative distinction between healthy and tumorous tissue is of paramount importance but challenging, especially after chemotherapy and at complex anatomical locations. Near infrared (NIR) fluorescence‐guided surgery (FGS) is able to facilitate the determination of tumor boundaries intra‐operatively, improving complete resection and therefore survival. This review evaluates potential ES‐specific proteins from the literature as targets for NIR FGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Bosma
- Department of Orthopedics, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Pd Sander Dijkstra
- Department of Orthopedics, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis Fm Sier
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
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Avitabile E, Bedognetti D, Ciofani G, Bianco A, Delogu LG. How can nanotechnology help the fight against breast cancer? NANOSCALE 2018; 10:11719-11731. [PMID: 29917035 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr02796j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this review we provide a broad overview on the use of nanotechnology for the fight against breast cancer (BC). Nowadays, detection, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention may be possible thanks to the application of nanotechnology to clinical practice. Taking into consideration the different forms of BC and the disease status, nanomaterials can be designed to meet the most forefront objectives of modern therapy and diagnosis. We have analyzed in detail three main groups of nanomaterial applications for BC treatment and diagnosis. We have identified several types of drugs successfully conjugated with nanomaterials. We have analyzed the main important imaging techniques and all nanomaterials used to help the non-invasive, early detection of the lesions. Moreover, we have examined theranostic nanomaterials as unique tools, combining imaging, detection, and therapy for BC. This state of the art review provides a useful guide depicting how nanotechnology can be used to overcome the current barriers in BC clinical practice, and how it will shape the future scenario of treatments, prevention, and diagnosis, revolutionizing the current approaches, e.g., reducing the suffering related to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Avitabile
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
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In vivo evaluation of IGF1R/IR PET ligand [ 18F]BMS-754807 in rodents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:941-943. [PMID: 28094184 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.12.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In vivo evaluation of [18F]BMS-754807 binding in mice and rats using microPET and biodistribution methods is described herein. The radioligand shows consistent binding characteristics, in vivo, in both species. Early time frames of the microPET images and time activity curves of brain indicate poor penetration of the tracer across the blood brain barrier (BBB) in both species. However, microPET experiments in mice and rats show high binding of the radioligand outside the brain to heart, pancreas and muscle, the organs known for higher expression of IGF1R/1R. Biodistribution analysis 2h after injection of [18F]BMS-754807 in rats show negligible [18F]defluorination as reflected by the low bone uptake and clearance from blood. Overall, the data indicate that [18F]BMS-754807 can potentially be a radiotracer for the quantification of IGF1R/IR outside the brain using PET.
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Park JY, Lee JY, Zhang Y, Hoffman RM, Bouvet M. Targeting the insulin growth factor-1 receptor with fluorescent antibodies enables high resolution imaging of human pancreatic cancer in orthotopic mouse models. Oncotarget 2017; 7:18262-8. [PMID: 26919100 PMCID: PMC4951286 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of the present study was to determine whether insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) antibodies, conjugated with bright fluorophores, could enable visualization of pancreatic cancer in orthotopic nude mouse models. IGF-1R antibody (clone 24-31) was conjugated with 550 nm or 650 nm fluorophores. Western blotting confirmed the expression of IGF-1R in Panc-1, BxPC3, and MIAPaCa-2 human pancreatic cancer cell lines. Labeling with fluorophore-conjugated IGF-1R antibody demonstrated fluorescent foci on the membrane of the pancreatic cancer cells. Subcutaneous Panc-1, BxPC-3, and MIA PaCa-2 tumors became fluorescent after intravenous administration of fluorescent IGF-1R antibodies. Orthotopically-transplanted BxPC-3 tumors became fluorescent with the conjugated IGF-1R antibodies, and were easily visible with intravital imaging. Gross and microscopic ex vivo imaging of resected pancreatic tumor and normal pancreas confirmed that fluorescence indeed came from the membrane of cancer cells, and it was stronger from the tumor than the normal tissue. The present study demonstrates that fluorophore-conjugated IGF-1R antibodies can visualize pancreatic cancer and it can be used with various imaging devices such as endoscopy and laparoscopy for diagnosis and fluorescence-guided surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Youp Park
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.,AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Robert M Hoffman
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.,AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.,Surgical Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
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Belykh E, Martirosyan NL, Yagmurlu K, Miller EJ, Eschbacher JM, Izadyyazdanabadi M, Bardonova LA, Byvaltsev VA, Nakaji P, Preul MC. Intraoperative Fluorescence Imaging for Personalized Brain Tumor Resection: Current State and Future Directions. Front Surg 2016; 3:55. [PMID: 27800481 PMCID: PMC5066076 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2016.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fluorescence-guided surgery is one of the rapidly emerging methods of surgical "theranostics." In this review, we summarize current fluorescence techniques used in neurosurgical practice for brain tumor patients as well as future applications of recent laboratory and translational studies. METHODS Review of the literature. RESULTS A wide spectrum of fluorophores that have been tested for brain surgery is reviewed. Beginning with a fluorescein sodium application in 1948 by Moore, fluorescence-guided brain tumor surgery is either routinely applied in some centers or is under active study in clinical trials. Besides the trinity of commonly used drugs (fluorescein sodium, 5-aminolevulinic acid, and indocyanine green), less studied fluorescent stains, such as tetracyclines, cancer-selective alkylphosphocholine analogs, cresyl violet, acridine orange, and acriflavine, can be used for rapid tumor detection and pathological tissue examination. Other emerging agents, such as activity-based probes and targeted molecular probes that can provide biomolecular specificity for surgical visualization and treatment, are reviewed. Furthermore, we review available engineering and optical solutions for fluorescent surgical visualization. Instruments for fluorescent-guided surgery are divided into wide-field imaging systems and hand-held probes. Recent advancements in quantitative fluorescence-guided surgery are discussed. CONCLUSION We are standing on the threshold of the era of marker-assisted tumor management. Innovations in the fields of surgical optics, computer image analysis, and molecular bioengineering are advancing fluorescence-guided tumor resection paradigms, leading to cell-level approaches to visualization and resection of brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii Belykh
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Irkutsk Scientific Center of Surgery and Traumatology, Irkutsk, Russia
- Irkutsk State Medical University, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Nikolay L. Martirosyan
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Kaan Yagmurlu
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Eric J. Miller
- University of Arizona College of Medicine – Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Eschbacher
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Mohammadhassan Izadyyazdanabadi
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Liudmila A. Bardonova
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Irkutsk Scientific Center of Surgery and Traumatology, Irkutsk, Russia
- Irkutsk State Medical University, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Vadim A. Byvaltsev
- Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Irkutsk Scientific Center of Surgery and Traumatology, Irkutsk, Russia
- Irkutsk State Medical University, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Peter Nakaji
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Mark C. Preul
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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Boonstra MC, de Geus SWL, Prevoo HAJM, Hawinkels LJAC, van de Velde CJH, Kuppen PJK, Vahrmeijer AL, Sier CFM. Selecting Targets for Tumor Imaging: An Overview of Cancer-Associated Membrane Proteins. BIOMARKERS IN CANCER 2016; 8:119-133. [PMID: 27721658 PMCID: PMC5040425 DOI: 10.4137/bic.s38542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tumor targeting is a booming business: The global therapeutic monoclonal antibody market accounted for more than $78 billion in 2012 and is expanding exponentially. Tumors can be targeted with an extensive arsenal of monoclonal antibodies, ligand proteins, peptides, RNAs, and small molecules. In addition to therapeutic targeting, some of these compounds can also be applied for tumor visualization before or during surgery, after conjugation with radionuclides and/or near-infrared fluorescent dyes. The majority of these tumor-targeting compounds are directed against cell membrane-bound proteins. Various categories of targetable membrane-bound proteins, such as anchoring proteins, receptors, enzymes, and transporter proteins, exist. The functions and biological characteristics of these proteins determine their location and distribution on the cell membrane, making them more, or less, accessible, and therefore, it is important to understand these features. In this review, we evaluate the characteristics of cancer-associated membrane proteins and discuss their overall usability for cancer targeting, especially focusing on imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin C Boonstra
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Susanna W L de Geus
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Lukas J A C Hawinkels
- Department of Gastroenterology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Peter J K Kuppen
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.; Antibodies for Research Applications BV, Gouda, the Netherlands
| | | | - Cornelis F M Sier
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.; Antibodies for Research Applications BV, Gouda, the Netherlands
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14
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Martelli C, Dico AL, Diceglie C, Lucignani G, Ottobrini L. Optical imaging probes in oncology. Oncotarget 2016; 7:48753-48787. [PMID: 27145373 PMCID: PMC5217050 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease, characterized by alteration of different physiological molecular processes and cellular features. Keeping this in mind, the possibility of early identification and detection of specific tumor biomarkers by non-invasive approaches could improve early diagnosis and patient management.Different molecular imaging procedures provide powerful tools for detection and non-invasive characterization of oncological lesions. Clinical studies are mainly based on the use of computed tomography, nuclear-based imaging techniques and magnetic resonance imaging. Preclinical imaging in small animal models entails the use of dedicated instruments, and beyond the already cited imaging techniques, it includes also optical imaging studies. Optical imaging strategies are based on the use of luminescent or fluorescent reporter genes or injectable fluorescent or luminescent probes that provide the possibility to study tumor features even by means of fluorescence and luminescence imaging. Currently, most of these probes are used only in animal models, but the possibility of applying some of them also in the clinics is under evaluation.The importance of tumor imaging, the ease of use of optical imaging instruments, the commercial availability of a wide range of probes as well as the continuous description of newly developed probes, demonstrate the significance of these applications. The aim of this review is providing a complete description of the possible optical imaging procedures available for the non-invasive assessment of tumor features in oncological murine models. In particular, the characteristics of both commercially available and newly developed probes will be outlined and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Martelli
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Centre of Molecular and Cellular Imaging-IMAGO, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Lo Dico
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Umberto Veronesi Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Diceglie
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Centre of Molecular and Cellular Imaging-IMAGO, Milan, Italy
- Tecnomed Foundation, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lucignani
- Centre of Molecular and Cellular Imaging-IMAGO, Milan, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Ottobrini
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Centre of Molecular and Cellular Imaging-IMAGO, Milan, Italy
- Institute for Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), National Research Council (CNR), Milan, Italy
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15
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England CG, Kamkaew A, Im HJ, Valdovinos HF, Sun H, Hernandez R, Cho SY, Dunphy EJ, Lee DS, Barnhart TE, Cai W. ImmunoPET Imaging of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Receptor in a Subcutaneous Mouse Model of Pancreatic Cancer. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:1958-66. [PMID: 27054683 PMCID: PMC4897730 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The role of insulin-like
growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) in cancer
tumorigenesis was established decades ago, yet there are limited studies
evaluating the imaging and therapeutic properties of anti-IGF-1R antibodies.
Noninvasive imaging of IGF-1R may allow for optimized patient stratification
and monitoring of therapeutic response in patients. Herein, this study
reports the development of a Zirconium-89 (89Zr)-labeled
anti-IGF-1R antibody (89Zr-Df-1A2G11) for PET imaging of
pancreatic cancer. Successful chelation and radiolabeling of the antibody
resulted in a highly stable construct that could be used for imaging
IGF-1R expressing tumors in vivo. Western blot and flow cytometry
studies showed that MIA PaCa-2, BxPC-3, and AsPC-1 pancreatic cancer
cell lines expressed high, moderate, and low levels of IGF-1R, respectively.
These three pancreatic cancer cell lines were subcutaneously implanted
into mice. By employing the PET imaging technique, the tumor accumulation
of 89Zr-Df-1A2G11 was found to be dependent on the level
of IGF-1R expression. Tumor accumulation of 89Zr-Df-1A2G11
was 8.24 ± 0.51, 5.80 ± 0.54, and 4.30 ± 0.42 percentage
of the injected dose (%ID/g) in MIA PaCa-2, BxPC-3, and AsPC-1-derived
tumor models at 120 h postinjection, respectively (n = 4). Biodistribution studies and ex vivo immunohistochemistry confirmed
these findings. In addition, 89Zr-labeled nonspecific human
IgG (89Zr-Df-IgG) displayed minimal uptake in IGF-1R positive
MIA PaCa-2 tumor xenografts (3.63 ± 0.95%ID/g at 120 h postinjection; n = 4), demonstrating that 89Zr-Df-1A2G11 accumulation
was highly specific. This study provides initial evidence that our 89Zr-labeled IGF-1R-targeted antibody may be employed for imaging
a wide range of malignancies. Antibodies may be tracked in vivo for
several days to weeks with 89Zr, which may enhance image
contrast due to decreased background signal. In addition, the principles
outlined in this study can be employed for identifying patients that
may benefit from anti-IGF-1R therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hyung-Jun Im
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University , Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | - Edward J Dunphy
- NeoClone Biotechnologies International , Madison, Wisconsin 53713, United States
| | - Dong Soo Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University , Seoul 110-744, Korea
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Park JY, Murakami T, Lee JY, Zhang Y, Hoffman RM, Bouvet M. Fluorescent-Antibody Targeting of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Receptor Visualizes Metastatic Human Colon Cancer in Orthotopic Mouse Models. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146504. [PMID: 26731105 PMCID: PMC4701661 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent-antibody targeting of metastatic cancer has been demonstrated by our laboratory to enable tumor visualization and effective fluorescence-guided surgery. The goal of the present study was to determine whether insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) antibodies, conjugated with bright fluorophores, could enable visualization of metastatic colon cancer in orthotopic nude mouse models. IGF-1R antibody (clone 24–31) was conjugated with 550 nm, 650 nm or PEGylated 650 nm fluorophores. Subcutaneous, orthotopic, and liver metastasis models of colon cancer in nude mice were targeted with the fluorescent IGF-1R antibodies. Western blotting confirmed the expression of IGF-1R in HT-29 and HCT 116 human colon cancer cell lines, both expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP). Labeling with fluorophore-conjugated IGF-1R antibody demonstrated fluorescent foci on the membrane of colon cancer cells. Subcutaneously- and orthotopically-transplanted HT-29-GFP and HCT 116-GFP tumors brightly fluoresced at the longer wavelengths after intravenous administration of fluorescent IGF-1R antibodies. Orthotopically-transplanted HCT 116-GFP tumors were brightly labeled by fluorescent IGF-1R antibodies such that they could be imaged non-invasively at the longer wavelengths. In an experimental liver metastasis model, IGF-1R antibodies conjugated with PEGylated 650 nm fluorophores selectively highlighted the liver metastases, which could then be non-invasively imaged. The IGF-1R fluorescent-antibody labeled liver metastases were very bright compared to the normal liver and the fluorescent-antibody label co-located with green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression of the colon cancer cells. The present study thus demonstrates that fluorophore-conjugated IGF-1R antibodies selectively visualize metastatic colon cancer and have clinical potential for improved diagnosis and fluorescence-guided surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Youp Park
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Takashi Murakami
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City, Japan
| | - Jin Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Zhang
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Robert M. Hoffman
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Surgical Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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17
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Quantum dots-based tissue and in vivo imaging in breast cancer researches: current status and future perspectives. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2015; 151:7-17. [PMID: 25833213 PMCID: PMC4408370 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-015-3363-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
As the most common malignant tumor for females, breast cancer (BC) is a highly heterogeneous disease regarding biological behaviors. Precisely targeted imaging on BC masses and biomarkers is critical to BC detection, treatment, monitoring, and prognostic evaluation. As an important imaging technique, quantum dots (QDs)-based imaging has emerged as a promising tool in BC researches owe to its outstanding optical properties. However, few reviews have been specifically devoted to discussing applications of QDs-based imaging in BC researches. This review summarized recent promising works in QDs-based tissue and in vivo imaging for BC studies. Physicochemical and optical properties of QDs and its potential applications were briefly described first. Then QDs-based imaging studies in BC were systematically reviewed, including tissue imaging for studying biomarkers interactions, and evaluating prognostic biomarkers, in vivo imaging for mapping axillary lymphatic system, showing BC xenograft tumor, and detecting BC metastases. At last, the future perspectives with special emphasis on the potential clinical applications have also been discussed. Potential applications of QDs-based imaging on clinical BC in the future are mainly focused on tissue study, especially in BC molecular pathology due to its optimal optical properties and quantitative information capabilities on multiple biomarkers.
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Mashinchian O, Johari-Ahar M, Ghaemi B, Rashidi M, Barar J, Omidi Y. Impacts of quantum dots in molecular detection and bioimaging of cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 4:149-66. [PMID: 25337468 PMCID: PMC4204040 DOI: 10.15171/bi.2014.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: A number of assays have so far been exploited for detection of cancer biomarkers in various malignancies. However, the expression of cancer biomarker(s) appears to be extremely low, therefore accurate detection demands sensitive optical imaging probes. While optical detection using conventional fluorophores often fail due to photobleaching problems, quantum dots (QDs) offer stable optical imaging in vitro and in vivo.
Methods: In this review, we briefly overview the impacts of QDs in biology and its applications in bioimaging of malignancies. We will also delineate the existing obstacles for early detection of cancer and the intensifying use of QDs in advancement of diagnostic devices.
Results: Of the QDs, unlike the II-VI type QDs (e.g., cadmium (Cd), selenium (Se) or tellurium (Te)) that possess inherent cytotoxicity, the I-III-VI 2 type QDs (e.g., AgInS2, CuInS2, ZnS-AgInS2) appear to be less toxic bioimaging agents with better control of band-gap energies. As highly-sensitive bioimaging probes, advanced hybrid QDs (e.g., QD-QD, fluorochrome-QD conjugates used for sensing through fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), quenching, and barcoding techniques) have also been harnessed for the detection of biomarkers and the monitoring of delivery of drugs/genes to the target sites. Antibody-QD (Ab-QD) and aptamer- QD (Ap-QD) bioconjugates, once target the relevant biomarker, can provide highly stable photoluminescence (PL) at the target sites. In addition to their potential as nanobiosensors, the bioconjugates of QDs with homing devices have successfully been used for the development of smart nanosystems (NSs) providing targeted bioimaging and photodynamic therapy (PDT).
Conclusion: Having possessed great deal of photonic characteristics, QDs can be used for development of seamless multifunctional nanomedicines, theranostics and nanobiosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Mashinchian
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran ; Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine (SATiM), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Johari-Ahar
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behnaz Ghaemi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine (SATiM), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rashidi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran ; Department of Photonics, School of Engineering-Emerging Technology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jaleh Barar
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yadollah Omidi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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19
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Hong H, Nayak TR, Shi S, Graves SA, Fliss BC, Barnhart TE, Cai W. Generation and screening of monoclonal antibodies for immunoPET imaging of IGF1R in prostate cancer. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:3624-30. [PMID: 25157758 PMCID: PMC4186682 DOI: 10.1021/mp5003637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) plays an important role in proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and tumor invasion. The expression level of IGF1R is related to resistance to several targeted therapies. The goal of this study was to develop an immunoPET tracer for imaging of IGF1R in prostate cancer. Murine antibodies against human IGF1R were generated in BALB/c mice, which were screened in IGF1R-positive MCF-7 cells using flow cytometry as well as biodistribution studies with multiple (64)Cu-labeled antibody clones. The antibody production method we adopted could readily produce milligram quantities of anti-IGF1R antibodies for in vivo studies. One antibody clone (1A2G11) with the highest affinity for IGF1R was selected and conjugated to NOTA for (64)Cu-labeling. NOTA-1A2G11 maintained IGF1R specificity/avidity based on flow cytometry. (64)Cu-labeling was achieved with good yield (>50%) and high specific activity (>1 Ci/μmol). Serial PET imaging revealed that uptake of (64)Cu-NOTA-1A2G11 was 2.8 ± 0.7, 10.2 ± 2.6, and 9.6 ± 1.7 %ID/g in IGF1R-positive DU-145 tumors at 4, 24, and 48 h postinjection, respectively (n = 3), significantly higher than that in IGF1R-negative LNCaP tumors (<3 %ID/g at each time point) except at 4 h postinjection. Histology studies showed strong correlations between IGF1R expression level in the prostate cancer tumor tissues and tumor uptake of (64)Cu-NOTA-1A2G11. Prominent, persistent, and IGF1R-specific uptake of (64)Cu-NOTA-1A2G11 in IGF1R-positive prostate tumors holds strong potential for future cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy using this antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Hong
- Department of Radiology, ‡Materials Science Program, §Department of Medical Physics, and ∥Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53705-2275, United States
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20
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Advances in imaging probes and optical microendoscopic imaging techniques for early in vivo cancer assessment. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 74:53-74. [PMID: 24120351 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A new chapter in the history of medical diagnosis happened when the first X-ray technology was invented in the late 1800s. Since then, many non-invasive and minimally invasive imaging techniques have been invented for clinical diagnosis to research in cellular biology, drug discovery, and disease monitoring. These imaging modalities have leveraged the benefits of significant advances in computer, electronics, and information technology and, more recently, targeted molecular imaging. The development of targeted contrast agents such as fluorescent and nanoparticle probes coupled with optical imaging techniques has made it possible to selectively view specific biological events and processes in both in vivo and ex vivo systems with great sensitivity and selectivity. Thus, the combination of targeted molecular imaging probes and optical imaging techniques have become a mainstay in modern medicinal and biological research. Many promising results have demonstrated great potentials to translate to clinical applications. In this review, we describe a discussion of employing imaging probes and optical microendoscopic imaging techniques for cancer diagnosis.
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21
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Zhu Y, Hong H, Xu ZP, Li Z, Cai W. Quantum dot-based nanoprobes for in vivo targeted imaging. Curr Mol Med 2014; 13:1549-67. [PMID: 24206136 DOI: 10.2174/1566524013666131111121733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) have attracted tremendous attention over the last decade. The superior optical properties of QDs over conventional organic dyes make them attractive labels for a wide variety of biomedical applications, whereas their potential toxicity and instability in biological environment have puzzled scientific researchers. Much research effort has been devoted to surface modification and functionalization of QDs to make them versatile probes for biomedical applications, and significant progress has been made over the last several years. This review article aims to describe the current state-of-the-art of the synthesis, modification, bioconjugation, and applications of QDs for in vivo targeted imaging. In addition, QD-based multifunctional nanoprobes are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhu
- (W. Cai) Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Room 7137, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705-2275, USA.
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22
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Camblin M, Detampel P, Kettiger H, Wu D, Balasubramanian V, Huwyler J. Polymersomes containing quantum dots for cellular imaging. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:2287-98. [PMID: 24872691 PMCID: PMC4026565 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s59189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) are highly fluorescent and stable probes for cellular and molecular imaging. However, poor intracellular delivery, stability, and toxicity of QDs in biological compartments hamper their use in cellular imaging. To overcome these limitations, we developed a simple and effective method to load QDs into polymersomes (Ps) made of poly(dimethylsiloxane)-poly(2-methyloxazoline) (PDMS-PMOXA) diblock copolymers without compromising the characteristics of the QDs. These Ps showed no cellular toxicity and QDs were successfully incorporated into the aqueous compartment of the Ps as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. Ps containing QDs showed colloidal stability over a period of 6 weeks if stored in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at physiological pH (7.4). Efficient intracellular delivery of Ps containing QDs was achieved in human liver carcinoma cells (HepG2) and was visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Ps containing QDs showed a time- and concentration-dependent uptake in HepG2 cells and exhibited better intracellular stability than liposomes. Our results suggest that Ps containing QDs can be used as nanoprobes for cellular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Camblin
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Detampel
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Helene Kettiger
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dalin Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Jörg Huwyler
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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De la Garza-Ramos R, Bydon M, Macki M, Huang J, Tamargo RJ, Bydon A. Fluorescent techniques in spine surgery. Neurol Res 2014; 36:928-38. [DOI: 10.1179/1743132814y.0000000340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Zhang H, Uselman RR, Yee D. Exogenous near-infrared fluorophores and their applications in cancer diagnosis: biological and clinical perspectives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 5:241-51. [PMID: 21566703 DOI: 10.1517/17530059.2011.566858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Near-infrared fluorescent (NIRF) imaging is a rapidly growing research field which has the potential to be an important imaging modality in cancer diagnosis. Various exogenous NIR fluorophores have been developed for the technique, including small molecule fluorophores and nanoparticles. NIRF imaging has been used in animal models for the detection of cancer overthe last twenty years and has in recent years been used in human clinical trials. AREAS COVERED This article describes the types and characteristics of exogenous fluorophores available for in vivo fluorescent cancer imaging. The article also discusses the progression of NIRF cancer imaging over recent years and its future challenges, from both a biological and clinical perspective. in The review also looks at its application for lymph node mapping, tumor targeting and characterization, and tumor margin definition for surgical guidance. EXPERT OPINION NIRF imaging is not in routine clinical cancer practice; yet, the authors predict that techniques using NIR fluorophores for tumor margin definition and lymph node mapping will enter clinical practice in the near future. The authors also anticipate that NIRF imaging research will lead to the development of flurophores with 'high brightness' that will overcome the limited penetration of this modality and be better suited for non invasive tumor targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Masonic Cancer Center, MMC 806, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA,
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25
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Intraoperative fluorescent imaging of intracranial tumors: a review. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2013; 115:517-28. [PMID: 23523009 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2013.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A review of fluorescent imaging for intracranial neoplasms is presented. Complete resection of brain cancer is seldom possible because of the goal to preserve brain tissue and the inability to visualize individual infiltrative tumor cells. Verification of histology and identification of tumor invasion in macroscopically normal-appearing brain tissue determine prognosis after resection of malignant gliomas. Therefore, imaging modalities aim to facilitate intraoperative decision-making. Intraoperative fluorescent imaging techniques have the potential to enable precise histopathologic diagnosis and to detect tumor remnants in the operative field. Macroscopic fluorescence imaging is effective for gross tumor detection. Microscopic imaging techniques enhance the sensitivity of the macroscopic observations and provide real-time histological information. Further development of clinical grade fluorescent agents specifically targeting tumor cells could improve the diagnostic and prognostic yield of intraoperative imaging.
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26
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Meng Q, Li Z. Molecular imaging probes for diagnosis and therapy evaluation of breast cancer. Int J Biomed Imaging 2013; 2013:230487. [PMID: 23533377 PMCID: PMC3600346 DOI: 10.1155/2013/230487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Revised: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a major cause of cancer death in women where early detection and accurate assessment of therapy response can improve clinical outcomes. Molecular imaging, which includes PET, SPECT, MRI, and optical modalities, provides noninvasive means of detecting biological processes and molecular events in vivo. Molecular imaging has the potential to enhance our understanding of breast cancer biology and effects of drug action during both preclinical and clinical phases of drug development. This has led to the identification of many molecular imaging probes for key processes in breast cancer. Hormone receptors, growth factor receptor, and angiogenic factors, such as ER, PR, HER2, and VEGFR, have been adopted as imaging targets to detect and stage the breast cancer and to monitor the treatment efficacy. Receptor imaging probes are usually composed of targeting moiety attached to a signaling component such as a radionuclide that can be detected using dedicated instruments. Current molecular imaging probes involved in breast cancer diagnosis and therapy evaluation are reviewed, and future of molecular imaging for the preclinical and clinical is explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Meng
- Department of Translational Imaging, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Translational Imaging, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Kwon H, Lee J, Song R, Hwang SI, Lee J, Kim YH, Lee HJ. In vitro and in vivo imaging of prostate cancer angiogenesis using anti-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 antibody-conjugated quantum dot. Korean J Radiol 2012; 14:30-7. [PMID: 23323028 PMCID: PMC3542300 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2013.14.1.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Authors aimed to determine the targeting ability of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2)-conjugated quantum dots (QDs) in vitro, and apply it for a xenograft prostate cancer mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Conjugation reaction of QDs was performed by using the N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide (EDC) and sulfo-(N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide) (Sulfo-NHS). The human umbilical vein cord endothelial cells (HUVECs) were incubated with QDs, conjugated with antiVGFR2, to see a specific binding in vitro. Fluorescent cell images were taken by a confocal microscope. The human prostate cancer cells (PC3) were injected to five nude mice on hind limbs to make the xenograft tumor model. QD-antiVEGFR2 antibody complex was injected into the tumor model and fluorescence measurements were performed at 1, 4, 9, 12, 15, and 24 hours after the injection. RESULTS The specific interaction between HUVECs and QD-antiVEGFR2 antibody was clearly shown in vitro. The in vivo fluorescence image disclosed that there was an increased signal of tumor, 12 hours after the injection of QDs. CONCLUSION By showing endothelial cells binding with QDs-antiVEGFR2 antibodyand an experimental application of the antibody for VEGFR2 imaging in the prostate cancer xenograft mouse model, we suggests that the antibody-conjugated QDs can be a potential imaging tool for angiogenesis of the cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haejin Kwon
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Institute Pasteur Korea (IP-K), Seongnam 463-400, Korea
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Zhang Y, Cai W. Molecular imaging of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor in cancer. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING 2012; 2:248-259. [PMID: 23066521 PMCID: PMC3477732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) plays an important role in proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and tumor invasion. Histology and in situ hybridization studies have revealed that IGF1R was significantly up-regulated at the protein and mRNA level in many types of cancer. Since measuring IGF1R expression with immunohistochemistry has many limitations, non-invasive imaging of IGF1R can allow for more accurate patient stratification (e.g. selecting the right patient population for IGF1R-targeted therapy) and more effective monitoring of the therapeutic responses in cancer patients. In this review, we will summarize the current status of imaging IGF1R expression in cancer, which includes single-photon emission computed tomography, positron emission tomography, fluorescence, and γ-camera imaging. The four major classes of ligands that have been developed for non-invasive visualization of IGF1R will be discussed: proteins, antibodies, peptides, and affibodies. To date, molecular imaging of IGF1R expression is understudied and more research effort is needed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Zhang
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - MadisonWI, USA
| | - Weibo Cai
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - MadisonWI, USA
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - MadisonWI, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer CenterMadison, WI, USA
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Rivera-Gil P, Clift MJD, Rutishauser BR, Parak WJ. Methods for understanding the interaction between nanoparticles and cells. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 926:33-56. [PMID: 22975955 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-002-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A critical view of the current toxicological methods used in nanotechnology and their related techniques. Hereby, toxicological effects derived from the intracellular accumulation and uptake will be examined. Then advantages/disadvantages of these methods will be discussed. Additional analytical techniques necessary to implement the results will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Rivera-Gil
- Fachbereich Physik and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
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Terwisscha van Scheltinga AGT, van Dam GM, Nagengast WB, Ntziachristos V, Hollema H, Herek JL, Schröder CP, Kosterink JGW, Lub-de Hoog MN, de Vries EGE. Intraoperative near-infrared fluorescence tumor imaging with vascular endothelial growth factor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 targeting antibodies. J Nucl Med 2011; 52:1778-85. [PMID: 21990576 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.111.092833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Fluorescence imaging is currently attracting much interest as a method for intraoperative tumor detection, but most current tracers lack tumor specificity. Therefore, this technique can be further improved by tumor-specific detection. With tumor-targeted antibodies bound to a radioactive label, tumor-specific SPECT or PET is feasible in the clinical setting. The aim of the present study was to apply antibody-based tumor detection to intraoperative optical imaging, using preclinical in vivo mouse models. METHODS Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibody bevacizumab and anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) 2 antibody trastuzumab were labeled with the near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence dye IRDye 800CW. Tumor uptake of the fluorescent tracers and their (89)Zr-labeled radioactive counterparts for PET was determined in human xenograft-bearing athymic mice during 1 wk after tracer injection, followed by ex vivo biodistribution and pathologic examination. Intraoperative imaging of fluorescent VEGF- or HER2-positive tumor lesions was performed in subcutaneous tumors and in intraperitoneal dissemination tumor models. RESULTS Tumor-to-background ratios, with fluorescent imaging, were 1.93 ± 0.40 for bevacizumab and 2.92 ± 0.29 for trastuzumab on day 6 after tracer injection. Real-time intraoperative imaging detected tumor lesions at even the submillimeter level in intraperitoneal dissemination tumor models. These results were supported by standard histology, immunohistochemistry, and fluorescence microscopy analyses. CONCLUSION NIR fluorescence-labeled antibodies targeting VEGF or HER2 can be used for highly specific and sensitive detection of tumor lesions in vivo. These preclinical findings encourage future clinical studies with NIR fluorescence-labeled tumor-specific antibodies for intraoperative-guided surgery in cancer patients.
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Tan A, Yildirimer L, Rajadas J, De La Peña H, Pastorin G, Seifalian A. Quantum dots and carbon nanotubes in oncology: a review on emerging theranostic applications in nanomedicine. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2011; 6:1101-14. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.11.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the main causes of death in the world, and according to the WHO it is projected to continue rising. Current diagnostic modalities for the detection of cancer include the use of x-rays, magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography, among others. The treatment of cancer often involves the use (or combination) of chemotherapeutic drugs, radiotherapy and interventional surgery (for solid and operable tumors). The application of nanotechnology in biology and medicine is advancing rapidly. Recent evidence suggests that quantum dots (QDs) can be used to image cancer cells as they display superior fluorescent properties compared with conventional chromophores and contrast agents. In addition, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have emerged as viable candidates for novel chemotherapeutic drug delivery-platforms. The unique photothermal properties of CNTs also allow them to be used in conjunction with near infrared radiation and lasers to thermally ablate cancer cells. Furthermore, mounting evidence indicates that it is possible to conjugate QDs to CNTs, making it possible to exploit their novel attributes in the realm of cancer theranostics (diagnostics and therapy). Here we review the current literature pertaining to the applications of QDs and CNTs in oncology, and also discuss the relevance and implications of nanomedicine in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Tan
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lara Yildirimer
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jayakumar Rajadas
- Laboratory of Biomaterial & Advanced Drug Delivery, Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - Hugo De La Peña
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Giorgia Pastorin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Abstract
Quantum dots are semiconductor nanocrystals that have broad excitation spectra, narrow emission spectra, tunable emission peaks, long fluorescence lifetimes, negligible photobleaching, and ability to be conjugated to proteins, making them excellent probes for bioimaging applications. Here the author reviews the advantages and disadvantages of using quantum dots in bioimaging applications, such as single-particle tracking and fluorescence resonance energy transfer, to study receptor-mediated transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida M Barroso
- Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
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Grobmyer SR, Morse DL, Fletcher B, Gutwein LG, Sharma P, Krishna V, Frost SC, Moudgil BM, Brown SC. The promise of nanotechnology for solving clinical problems in breast cancer. J Surg Oncol 2011; 103:317-325. [DOI: 10.1002/jso.21698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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Heskamp S, van Laarhoven HWM, Molkenboer-Kuenen JDM, Franssen GM, Versleijen-Jonkers YMH, Oyen WJG, van der Graaf WTA, Boerman OC. ImmunoSPECT and immunoPET of IGF-1R expression with the radiolabeled antibody R1507 in a triple-negative breast cancer model. J Nucl Med 2010; 51:1565-72. [PMID: 20847162 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.110.075648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The insulinlike growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) is a new target for the treatment of breast cancer. Patients with breast cancer lesions that express IGF-1R may benefit from treatment with anti-IGF-1R antibodies. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to develop a noninvasive, in vivo imaging method, using radiolabeled antibodies, to visualize IGF-1R expression. METHODS R1507 is a monoclonal antibody directed against the IGF-1R. In vitro, the affinity and internalization kinetics of (111)In-R1507 were determined using the IGF-1R-expressing triple-negative breast cancer cell line SUM149. In vivo, the pharmacodynamics of (111)In-R1507 and (125)I-R1507 were determined in mice with subcutaneous SUM149 tumors. (111)In-R1507 SPECT and (89)Zr-R1507 PET images of mice with subcutaneous SUM149 tumors were acquired at 1, 3, and 7 d after injection. RESULTS (111)In-R1507 (concentration required to inhibit binding by 50%, 0.1 nM) was slowly internalized by SUM149 cells. (111)In-R1507 specifically and efficiently accumulated in the SUM149 xenografts: the tumor uptake was 20 percentage injected dose per gram (%ID/g), 33 %ID/g, and 31 %ID/g at 1, 3, and 7 d after injection, respectively. (125)I-R1507 accumulated in the tumor less efficiently. Small-animal SPECT and small-animal PET of mice clearly visualized the subcutaneous SUM149 xenograft, with increasing contrast at later time points. CONCLUSION (111)In-R1507 and (89)Zr-R1507 are new tracers to noninvasively determine IGF-1R expression in vivo in breast cancer xenografts using SPECT and PET. In the future, these techniques may enable patient selection for IGF-1R-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Heskamp
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Tavares AJ, Chong L, Petryayeva E, Algar WR, Krull UJ. Quantum dots as contrast agents for in vivo tumor imaging: progress and issues. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 399:2331-42. [PMID: 20658228 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4010-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Revised: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 07/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) have shown promise as imaging agents in cancer, heart disease, and gene therapy research. This review focuses on the design of QDs, and modification using peptides and proteins for mediated targeting of tissues for fluorescence imaging of tumors in vivo. Recent examples from the literature are used to illustrate the potential of QDs as effective imaging agents. The distribution and ultimate fate of QDs in vivo is considered, and considerations of designs that minimize potential toxicity are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Tavares
- Chemical Sensors Group, Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, ON, Canada
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Das A, Sanjayan GJ, Kecskés M, Yoo L, Gao ZG, Jacobson KA. Nucleoside conjugates of quantum dots for characterization of G protein-coupled receptors: strategies for immobilizing A2A adenosine receptor agonists. J Nanobiotechnology 2010; 8:11. [PMID: 20478037 PMCID: PMC2883535 DOI: 10.1186/1477-3155-8-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Quantum dots (QDs) are crystalline nanoparticles that are compatible with biological systems to provide a chemically and photochemically stable fluorescent label. New ligand probes with fluorescent reporter groups are needed for detection and characterization of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Results Synthetic strategies for coupling the A2A adenosine receptor (AR) agonist CGS21680 (2-[4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenylethylamino]-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine) to functionalized QDs were explored. Conjugates tethered through amide-linked chains and poly(ethyleneglycol) (PEG) displayed low solubility and lacked receptor affinity. The anchor to the dendron was either through two thiol groups of (R)-thioctic acid or through amide formation to a commercial carboxy-derivatized QD. The most effective approach was to use polyamidoamine (PAMAM) D5 dendrons as multivalent spacer groups, grafted on the QD surface through a thioctic acid moiety. In radioligand binding assays, dendron nucleoside conjugate 11 displayed a moderate affinity at the human A2AAR (Kiapp 1.02 ± 0.15 μM). The QD conjugate of increased water solubility 13, resulting from the anchoring of this dendron derivative, interacted with the receptor with Kiapp of 118 ± 54 nM. The fluorescence emission of 13 occurred at 565 nm, and the presence of the pendant nucleoside did not appreciably quench the fluorescence. Conclusions This is a feasibility study to demonstrate a means of conjugating to a QD a small molecular pharmacophore of a GPCR that is relatively hydrophobic. Further enhancement of affinity by altering the pharmacophore or the linking structures will be needed to make useful affinity probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Das
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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