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Liokatis P, Liokati I, Obermeier K, Smolka W, Ersan F, Dewenter I, Otto S, Philipp P, Siegmund B, Walz C, Braunschweig T, Klauschen F, Mock A. Prognostic role of lymph node micrometastasis in oral and oropharyngeal cancer: A systematic review. Oral Oncol 2024; 154:106808. [PMID: 38823172 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2024.106808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An estimated 20% of patients with oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OOSCC) have micrometastases (Mi) or isolated tumor cells (ITC) in the cervical lymph nodes that evade detection by standard histological evaluation of lymph node sections. Lymph node Mi and ITC could be one reason for regional recurrence after neck dissection. The aim of this study was to review the existing data regarding the impact of Mi on the survival of patients with OOSCC. METHODS PubMed and the Cochrane Library were searched for articles reporting the impact of Mi and ITC on patient survival. Two authors independently assessed the methodological quality of retrieved studies using the Downs and Black index. Data were also extracted on study type, number of included patients, mode of histological analysis, statistical analysis, and prognostic impact. RESULTS Sixteen articles with a total of 2064 patients were included in the review. Among the 16 included studies, eight revealed a statistically significant impact of Mi on at least one endpoint in the Kaplan-Meier and/or multivariate analysis. Three studies regarded Mi as Ma, while five studies found no impact of Mi on survival. Only one study demonstrated an impact of ITC on patient's prognosis in the univariate but not in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION The majority of cases included in the review were patients with oral cancer. The findings provide low-certainty evidence that Mi negatively impacts survival. Data on ITC were scarcer, so no conclusions can be drawn about their effect on survival. The lower threshold to discriminate between Mi and ITC should be defined for OOSCC since the existing thresholds are based on data from different tumors. The histological, immunohistological, and anatomical characteristics of Mi and ITC in OOSCC as well as the effect of radiotherapy on Mi should be further investigated separately for oral and oropharyngeal carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paris Liokatis
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Facial Plastic Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany.
| | - Ioanna Liokati
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, General Hospital Georgios Gennimatas, Athens, Greece.
| | - Katharina Obermeier
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Facial Plastic Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany.
| | - Wenko Smolka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Facial Plastic Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany.
| | - Fatma Ersan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Facial Plastic Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany.
| | - Ina Dewenter
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Facial Plastic Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany.
| | - Sven Otto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Facial Plastic Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany.
| | - Poxleitner Philipp
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Facial Plastic Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany.
| | - Birte Siegmund
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Facial Plastic Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany.
| | - Christoph Walz
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Till Braunschweig
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Frederick Klauschen
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Andreas Mock
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Couto EV, Lau F, Gazmenga FP, Texeira D, Bertuzzo CS, Chone CT. A pilot study of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction metastases detection on sentinel lymph nodes of oral cancer and literature review. REVISTA DA ASSOCIACAO MEDICA BRASILEIRA (1992) 2024; 70:e2024S126. [PMID: 38865545 PMCID: PMC11164285 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.2024s126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Vieira Couto
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery – São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Fabio Lau
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery – São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Fabio Portella Gazmenga
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery – São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Daniel Texeira
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery – São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Carmen Sílvia Bertuzzo
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Medical Sciences College, Department of Medical Genetics – São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Carlos Takahiro Chone
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery – São Paulo (SP), Brazil
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Garrel R, Poissonnet G, Moyà Plana A, Fakhry N, Dolivet G, Lallemant B, Sarini J, Vergez S, Guelfucci B, Choussy O, Bastit V, Richard F, Costes V, Landais P, Perriard F, Daures JP, de Verbizier D, Favier V, de Boutray M. Equivalence Randomized Trial to Compare Treatment on the Basis of Sentinel Node Biopsy Versus Neck Node Dissection in Operable T1-T2N0 Oral and Oropharyngeal Cancer. J Clin Oncol 2020; 38:4010-4018. [PMID: 33052754 DOI: 10.1200/jco.20.01661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Sentinel node (SN) biopsy is accurate in operable oral and oropharyngeal cT1-T2N0 cancer (OC), but, to our knowledge, the oncologic equivalence of SN biopsy and neck lymph node dissection (ND; standard treatment) has never been evaluated. METHODS In this phase III multicenter trial, 307 patients with OC were randomly assigned to (1) the ND arm or (2) the SN arm (experimental arm: biopsy alone if negative, or followed by ND if positive, during primary tumor surgery). The primary outcome was neck node recurrence-free survival (RFS) at 2 years. Secondary outcomes were 5-year neck node RFS, 2- and 5-year disease-specific survival (DSS), and overall survival (OS). Other outcomes were hospital stay length, neck and shoulder morbidity, and number of physiotherapy prescriptions during the 2 years after surgery. RESULTS Data on 279 patients (139 ND and 140 SN) could be analyzed. Neck node RFS was 89.6% (95% CI, 0.83% to 0.94%) at 2 years in the ND arm and 90.7% (95% CI, 0.84% to 0.95%) in the SN arm, confirming the equivalence with P < .01. The 5-year RFS and the 2- and 5-year DSS and OS were not significantly different between arms. The median hospital stay length was 8 days in the ND arm and 7 days in the SN arm (P < .01). The functional outcomes were significantly worse in the ND arm until 6 months after surgery. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the oncologic equivalence of the SN and ND approaches, with lower morbidity in the SN arm during the first 6 months after surgery, thus establishing SN as the standard of care in OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Garrel
- Head Neck Surgery Department, Montpellier University Hospital Center, Montpellier, France
| | - Gilles Poissonnet
- Head Neck Surgery Department, Antoine Lacassagne Center, Nice, France
| | - Antoine Moyà Plana
- Head Neck Surgery Department, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Nicolas Fakhry
- Head Neck Surgery Department, Marseille University Hospital Center, Marseille, France
| | - Gilles Dolivet
- Head Neck Surgery Department, Alexis Vautrin Center, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Benjamin Lallemant
- Head Neck Surgery Department, Nîmes University Hospital Center, Nîmes, France
| | - Jérôme Sarini
- Head Neck Surgery Department, Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Sebastien Vergez
- Head Neck Surgery Department, Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Guelfucci
- Head Neck Surgery Department, Toulon Hospital Center, Toulon, France
| | - Olivier Choussy
- Head Neck Surgery Department, Curie Institute, Paris, France
| | - Vianney Bastit
- Head Neck Surgery Department, François Baclesse Center, Caen, France
| | - Fanny Richard
- Head Neck Surgery Department, Montpellier University Hospital Center, Montpellier, France
| | - Valérie Costes
- Pathology Department, Montpellier University Hospital Center, Montpellier, France
| | - Paul Landais
- Clinical Research University Institute, UPRES EA 2415, Montpellier, France
| | - Françoise Perriard
- Clinical Research University Institute, UPRES EA 2415, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean Pierre Daures
- Clinical Research University Institute, UPRES EA 2415, Montpellier, France
| | - Delphine de Verbizier
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Montpellier University Hospital Center, Montpellier, France
| | - Valentin Favier
- Head Neck Surgery Department, Montpellier University Hospital Center, Montpellier, France
| | - Marie de Boutray
- Head Neck Surgery Department, Montpellier University Hospital Center, Montpellier, France
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Yan J, Wu L, Jia C, Yu S, Lu Z, Sun Y, Chen J. Development of a four-gene prognostic model for pancreatic cancer based on transcriptome dysregulation. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:3747-3770. [PMID: 32081836 PMCID: PMC7066910 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We systematically developed a prognostic model for pancreatic cancer that was compatible across different transcriptomic platforms and patient cohorts. After performing quality control measures, we used seven microarray datasets and two RNA sequencing datasets to identify consistently dysregulated genes in pancreatic cancer patients. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis was performed to explore the associations between gene expression patterns and clinical features. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and Cox regression were used to construct a prognostic model. We tested the predictive power of the model by determining the area under the curve of the risk score for time-dependent survival. Most of the differentially expressed genes in pancreatic cancer were enriched in functions pertaining to the tumor immune microenvironment. The transcriptome profiles were found to be associated with overall survival, and four genes were identified as independent prognostic factors. A prognostic risk score was then proposed, which displayed moderate accuracy in the training and self-validation cohorts. Furthermore, patients in two independent microarray cohorts were successfully stratified into high- and low-risk prognostic groups. Thus, we constructed a reliable prognostic model for pancreatic cancer, which should be beneficial for clinical therapeutic decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yan
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Liangcai Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Congwei Jia
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Shuangni Yu
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zhaohui Lu
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yueping Sun
- Institute of Medical Information, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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Peigné L, Godey F, Le Gallo M, Le Gall F, Fautrel A, Morcet J, Jégoux F. One-step nucleic acid amplification for detecting lymph node metastasis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2020; 102:104553. [PMID: 32004908 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2019.104553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) 30% of cN0 patients have occult metastasis. LN invasion is a major prognostic factor. Sentinel lymph node (SLN) is an option for cN0 neck management. One-step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) used to analyze SLN in breast cancer is also a candidate to get more reliable intraoperative HNSCC lymph node (LN) staging. OBJECTIVE To compare OSNA analysis to pathological analysis in cN0 HNSCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS 157 LN from 26 cN0 HNSCC patients were prospectively analyzed (6.3LN/patient). Exclusion criteria were previous surgery or radiotherapy. Each node was cut into 4 equal pieces alternatively sent to pathological analysis and OSNA technique. IHC CK19 was performed on the primary tumor biopsy and RT-qPCR of CK19, PVA and EPCAM on the LN lysate of discordant cases. RESULTS OSNA was able to provide intraoperative result in all patients. OSNA detected 21 metastases. There were 139 concordant LN (88.5%). There were 18 initial discordant LN (11.5%), 13 (8.3%) were OSNA positive/pathological analysis negative, 5 (3.2%) were OSNA negative/pathological analysis positive. After elimination of allocation bias, false negative rate was 1.3%, sensitivity and specificity were 90% and 95.6%, PPV and NPV were 75% and 98.5%. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that OSNA should be considered to improve SNB analysis both for increasing micro metastasis diagnosis and offer extemporaneous results. Study registered under clinicaltrials.gov database number NCT02852343.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Peigné
- Head Neck Surgery Department, University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Florence Godey
- Department of Biology, Eugène Marquis Comprehensive Cancer Center, CS 44 229, Av. De Bataille Flandres Dunkerques, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Mathieu Le Gallo
- Chemistry, Oncogenesis, Stress, Signaling COSS, INSERM 1242, Rennes 1 University, CLCC Eugene Marquis, Rue de la bataille Flandres Dunkerques, Rennes, France
| | - François Le Gall
- Pathology Department, University Hospital, Rennes, France; Head Neck Surgery Department, University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Alain Fautrel
- H2P2, Histopathological Platform, University of Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Jeff Morcet
- Clinical Investigation Center, CIC INSERM 1414, University Hospital of Rennes, France
| | - Franck Jégoux
- Head Neck Surgery Department, University Hospital, Rennes, France; Chemistry, Oncogenesis, Stress, Signaling COSS, INSERM 1242, Rennes 1 University, CLCC Eugene Marquis, Rue de la bataille Flandres Dunkerques, Rennes, France.
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Uttagomol J, Ahmad US, Rehman A, Huang Y, Laly AC, Kang A, Soetaert J, Chance R, Teh MT, Connelly JT, Wan H. Evidence for the Desmosomal Cadherin Desmoglein-3 in Regulating YAP and Phospho-YAP in Keratinocyte Responses to Mechanical Forces. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246221. [PMID: 31835537 PMCID: PMC6940936 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Desmoglein 3 (Dsg3) plays a crucial role in cell-cell adhesion and tissue integrity. Increasing evidence suggests that Dsg3 acts as a regulator of cellular mechanotransduction, but little is known about its direct role in mechanical force transmission. The present study investigated the impact of cyclic strain and substrate stiffness on Dsg3 expression and its role in mechanotransduction in keratinocytes. A direct comparison was made with E-cadherin, a well-characterized mechanosensor. Exposure of oral and skin keratinocytes to equiaxial cyclic strain promoted changes in the expression and localization of junction assembly proteins. The knockdown of Dsg3 by siRNA blocked strain-induced junctional remodeling of E-cadherin and Myosin IIa. Importantly, the study demonstrated that Dsg3 regulates the expression and localization of yes-associated protein (YAP), a mechanosensory, and an effector of the Hippo pathway. Furthermore, we showed that Dsg3 formed a complex with phospho-YAP and sequestered it to the plasma membrane, while Dsg3 depletion had an impact on both YAP and phospho-YAP in their response to mechanical forces, increasing the sensitivity of keratinocytes to the strain or substrate rigidity-induced nuclear relocation of YAP and phospho-YAP. Plakophilin 1 (PKP1) seemed to be crucial in recruiting the complex containing Dsg3/phospho-YAP to the cell surface since its silencing affected Dsg3 junctional assembly with concomitant loss of phospho-YAP at the cell periphery. Finally, we demonstrated that this Dsg3/YAP pathway has an influence on the expression of YAP1 target genes and cell proliferation. Together, these findings provide evidence of a novel role for Dsg3 in keratinocyte mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutamas Uttagomol
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK; (J.U.); (U.S.A.); (A.R.); (Y.H.); (A.K.); (R.C.); (M.-T.T.)
| | - Usama Sharif Ahmad
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK; (J.U.); (U.S.A.); (A.R.); (Y.H.); (A.K.); (R.C.); (M.-T.T.)
| | - Ambreen Rehman
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK; (J.U.); (U.S.A.); (A.R.); (Y.H.); (A.K.); (R.C.); (M.-T.T.)
| | - Yunying Huang
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK; (J.U.); (U.S.A.); (A.R.); (Y.H.); (A.K.); (R.C.); (M.-T.T.)
| | - Ana C. Laly
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute; Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK; (A.C.L.); (J.S.); (J.T.C.)
| | - Angray Kang
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK; (J.U.); (U.S.A.); (A.R.); (Y.H.); (A.K.); (R.C.); (M.-T.T.)
| | - Jan Soetaert
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute; Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK; (A.C.L.); (J.S.); (J.T.C.)
| | - Randy Chance
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK; (J.U.); (U.S.A.); (A.R.); (Y.H.); (A.K.); (R.C.); (M.-T.T.)
| | - Muy-Teck Teh
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK; (J.U.); (U.S.A.); (A.R.); (Y.H.); (A.K.); (R.C.); (M.-T.T.)
| | - John T. Connelly
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute; Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK; (A.C.L.); (J.S.); (J.T.C.)
| | - Hong Wan
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK; (J.U.); (U.S.A.); (A.R.); (Y.H.); (A.K.); (R.C.); (M.-T.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +(44)-020-7882-7139; Fax: +(44)-020-7882-7137
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Siriwardena SBSM, Tsunematsu T, Qi G, Ishimaru N, Kudo Y. Invasion-Related Factors as Potential Diagnostic and Therapeutic Targets in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051462. [PMID: 29758011 PMCID: PMC5983574 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well recognized that the presence of cervical lymph node metastasis is the most important prognostic factor in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In solid epithelial cancer, the first step during the process of metastasis is the invasion of cancer cells into the underlying stroma, breaching the basement membrane (BM)—the natural barrier between epithelium and the underlying extracellular matrix (ECM). The ability to invade and metastasize is a key hallmark of cancer progression, and the most complicated and least understood. These topics continue to be very active fields of cancer research. A number of processes, factors, and signaling pathways are involved in regulating invasion and metastasis. However, appropriate clinical trials for anti-cancer drugs targeting the invasion of OSCC are incomplete. In this review, we summarize the recent progress on invasion-related factors and emerging molecular determinants which can be used as potential for diagnostic and therapeutic targets in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samadarani B S M Siriwardena
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka.
| | - Takaaki Tsunematsu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Guangying Qi
- Department of Pathology and Physiopathology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Naozumi Ishimaru
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan.
| | - Yasusei Kudo
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan.
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Minimal Residual Disease in Head and Neck Cancer and Esophageal Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1100:55-82. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-97746-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Sproll C, Freund AK, Hassel A, Hölbling M, Aust V, Storb SH, Handschel J, Teichmann C, Depprich R, Behrens B, Neves RPL, Kübler NR, Kaiser P, Baldus SE, Tóth C, Kaisers W, Stoecklein NH. Immunohistochemical detection of lymph node-DTCs in patients with node-negative HNSCC. Int J Cancer 2017; 140:2112-2124. [PMID: 28120418 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This study was performed to systematically assess the prevalence, topography and prognostic impact of disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in lymph nodes (LN) of patients with primary, regional and distant metastasis-free head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) who underwent resection with elective neck dissection. From the routinely processed resection specimen, we could prospectively analyze a total of 1.137 exactly mapped LNs of 50 pN0-HNSCC patients, classified as tumor free by routine histopathology. Three immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays using antibodies directed against CK5/14, a broad spectrum of CKs (1-8, 10, 14-16 and 19), and CD44v6, respectively, were applied on 4.190 LN sections to detect DTCs. The IHC results were correlated with clinicopathologic parameters and clinical follow-up data. We detected seven micrometastases (MM) in five patients and 31 DTCs in 12 patients. Overall, 15 (30%) patients were positive for DTCs or MMs. Strikingly, the anatomical distribution of LN affected with DTCs was not random, but was dependent on the lateralization of the primary tumor and clustered significantly most proximal to the primary tumor. None of the investigated patients developed loco-regional lymphatic or distant metastasis during the mean follow-up period of 71 months. Our results reveal clinically occult tumor cell dissemination as an early and frequent event in HNSCC. Considering that higher rates of recurrences in therapeutic LN dissection concepts have been reported than in elective neck dissection strategies, our DTC-data support to perform elective neck dissections, since they appear to be effective in preventing loco-regional lymphatic recurrence from LN DTCs or MMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Sproll
- Department of Oral-, Maxillo- and Plastic Facial Surgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anna Karen Freund
- Department of Oral-, Maxillo- and Plastic Facial Surgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andrea Hassel
- Department of Oral-, Maxillo- and Plastic Facial Surgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marianne Hölbling
- Department of Oral-, Maxillo- and Plastic Facial Surgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Verena Aust
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Protestant Hospital Bethesda, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian H Storb
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Protestant Hospital Bethesda, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Handschel
- Department of Oral-, Maxillo- and Plastic Facial Surgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Carina Teichmann
- Department of Oral-, Maxillo- and Plastic Facial Surgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rita Depprich
- Department of Oral-, Maxillo- and Plastic Facial Surgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bianca Behrens
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rui Pedro Lousa Neves
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Norbert R Kübler
- Department of Oral-, Maxillo- and Plastic Facial Surgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Kaiser
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stephan E Baldus
- Institute of Pathology, Cytology and Molecular Pathology, Bergisch, Gladbach, Germany
| | - Csaba Tóth
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kaisers
- Mathematical Institute, Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nikolas H Stoecklein
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
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Oka R, Nakashiro KI, Goda H, Iwamoto K, Tokuzen N, Hamakawa H. Annexin A8 is a novel molecular marker for detecting lymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 7:4882-9. [PMID: 26700817 PMCID: PMC4826250 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical lymph node metastasis is an important prognostic factor in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), but its accurate assessment after sentinel node biopsy or neck dissection is often limited to the histopathological examination of only one or two sections. Previous our study showed the usefulness of the reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) targeting keratin 19 (KRT19) mRNA for the genetic detection of lymph node metastasis, but the sensitivity was insufficient. Here, we have attempted to identify novel molecular markers for OSCC cells in lymph nodes. We performed microarray analysis to identify genes overexpressed in 7 metastatic lymph nodes from OSCC patients, compared to 1 normal lymph node and 5 salivary glands from non-cancer patients. We then used real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and RT-LAMP to compare the expression of these genes in newly resected metastatic and normal lymph nodes. Of 4 genes identified by microarray analysis, annexin A8 (ANXA8) and desmoglein 3 mRNA were detected by qRT-PCR in metastatic lymph nodes but not in normal lymph nodes. Furthermore, ANXA8 mRNA expression was detected in all KRT19-negative metastatic lymph nodes. Both KRT19 and ANXA8 mRNA may be useful markers for detecting lymph node metastases in OSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Oka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Koh-Ichi Nakashiro
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Goda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Kazuki Iwamoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Norihiko Tokuzen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hamakawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
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11
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Mes SW, Leemans CR, Brakenhoff RH. Applications of molecular diagnostics for personalized treatment of head and neck cancer: state of the art. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2016; 16:205-21. [PMID: 26620464 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2016.1126512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck are the sixth most frequent tumors worldwide. Risk factors are carcinogenic exposure, infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV) and genetic predisposition. Lymph node metastasis in the neck and HPV status are major prognostic factors. There are several important clinical challenges that determine the research agenda in head and neck cancer. The first is more accurate staging, particularly of occult metastatic lymph nodes in the neck. A second challenge is the lack of biomarkers for personalized therapy. There are a number of treatment modalities that can be employed both single and in combination, but at present only site and stage of the tumor are used for treatment planning. Provided here is an overview of the successes and failures of molecular diagnostic approaches that have been and are being evaluated to address these clinical challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven W Mes
- a Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - C René Leemans
- a Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Ruud H Brakenhoff
- a Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
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12
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iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis on S100 calcium binding protein A2 in metastasis of laryngeal cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122322. [PMID: 25874882 PMCID: PMC4395276 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Laryngeal cancer is the most frequent neoplasm in the head and neck region, with the vast majority of tumors originating from squamous cells. The survival rate of patients with laryngeal cancer has not improved substantially over the past 25 years. To acquire further knowledge regarding the molecules responsible for laryngeal cancer oncogenesis and, in turn, to improve target therapy iTRAQ and mass spectrometry analysis were utilized to detect differences in protein expression from 15 paired laryngeal cancer and adjacent non-cancerous tissue samples. Using mass spectrometry analysis, the expression levels of 100 proteins in laryngeal cancer samples were distinct from the non-tumor, non-cancerous samples. Further validation of the differentially expressed proteins S100A2, KRT16, FGB and HSPB1 were carried out using quantitative real-time RT-PCR, immunoblot and immunohistochemistry. Functional analysis of one of the highly expressed proteins, S100 calcium binding protein A2 (S100A2), was performed using RNA interference. As a consequence, attenuated S100A2 expression enhanced the ability of HEp-2 cell lines to migrate and invade in vitro. Our investigation complements the current understanding of laryngeal cancer progression. Furthermore, this study supports the concept that enhanced expression of S100A2 may be a promising strategy in developing novel cancer therapeutic drugs.
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13
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Brown L, Wan H. Desmoglein 3: a help or a hindrance in cancer progression? Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:266-86. [PMID: 25629808 PMCID: PMC4381258 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7010266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Desmoglein 3 is one of seven desmosomal cadherins that mediate cell-cell adhesion in desmosomes. Desmosomes are the intercellular junctional complexes that anchor the intermediate filaments of adjacent cells and confer strong cell adhesion thus are essential in the maintenance of tissue architecture and structural integrity. Like adherens junctions, desmosomes function as tumour suppressors and are down regulated in the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and in tumour cell invasion and metastasis. However, recently several studies have shown that various desmosomal components, including desmoglein 3, are up-regulated in cancer with increased levels of expression correlating with the clinical stage of malignancy, implicating their potentiality to serve as a diagnostic and prognostic marker. Furthermore, in vitro studies have demonstrated that overexpression of desmoglein 3 in cancer cell lines activates several signal pathways that have an impact on cell morphology, adhesion and locomotion. These additional signalling roles of desmoglein 3 may not be associated to its adhesive function in desmosomes but rather function outside of the junctions, acting as a key regulator in the control of actin based cellular processes. This review will discuss recent advances which support the role of desmoglein 3 in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Brown
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Center for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Blizard Building, London E1 2AT, UK.
| | - Hong Wan
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Center for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Blizard Building, London E1 2AT, UK.
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14
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Brown L, Waseem A, Cruz IN, Szary J, Gunic E, Mannan T, Unadkat M, Yang M, Valderrama F, O'Toole EA, Wan H. Desmoglein 3 promotes cancer cell migration and invasion by regulating activator protein 1 and protein kinase C-dependent-Ezrin activation. Oncogene 2013; 33:2363-74. [PMID: 23752190 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Desmoglein 3 (Dsg3), the pemphigus vulgaris antigen, has recently been shown to be upregulated in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and has been identified as a good tumor-specific marker for clinical staging of cervical sentinel lymph nodes in head and neck SCC. However, little is known about its biological function in cancer. The actin-binding protein Ezrin and the activator protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factor are implicated in cancer progression and metastasis. Here, we report that Dsg3 regulates the activity of c-Jun/AP-1 as well as protein kinase C (PKC)-mediated phosphorylation of Ezrin-Thr567, which contributes to the accelerated motility of cancer cells. Ectopic expression of Dsg3 in cancer cell lines caused enhanced phosphorylation at Ezrin-Thr567 with concomitant augmented membrane protrusions, cell spreading and invasive phenotype. We showed that Dsg3 formed a complex with Ezrin at the plasma membrane that was required for its proper function of interacting with F-actin and CD44 as Dsg3 knockdown impaired these associations. The increased Ezrin phosphorylation in Dsg3-overexpressing cells could be abrogated substantially by various pharmacological inhibitors for Ser/Thr kinases, including PKC and Rho kinase that are known to activate Ezrin. Furthermore, a marked increase in c-Jun S63 phosphorylation, among others, was found in Dsg3-overexpressing cells and the activation of c-Jun/AP-1 was further supported by a luciferase reporter assay. Taken together, our study identifies a novel Dsg3-mediated c-Jun/AP-1 regulatory mechanism and PKC-dependent Ezrin phosphorylation that could be responsible for Dsg3-associated cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Brown
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, London, UK
| | - A Waseem
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, London, UK
| | - I N Cruz
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, UK
| | - J Szary
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, London, UK
| | - E Gunic
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, London, UK
| | - T Mannan
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, London, UK
| | - M Unadkat
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, London, UK
| | - M Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, UK
| | - F Valderrama
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, UK
| | - E A O'Toole
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, London, UK
| | - H Wan
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, London, UK
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Targeted delivery of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand to keratinocytes with a pemphigus mAb. J Invest Dermatol 2013; 133:2212-20. [PMID: 23439393 PMCID: PMC3681880 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2013.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We determined the feasibility of using an anti-desmoglein (Dsg) mAb, Px44, to deliver a biologically active protein to keratinocytes. Recombinantly produced Px44-green fluorescent protein (GFP) injected into mice and skin organ culture delivered GFP to the cell surface of keratinocytes. We replaced GFP with tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) to produce Px44-TRAIL. We chose TRAIL as a biological model because it inhibits activated lymphocytes and causes apoptosis of hyperproliferative keratinocytes, features of various skin diseases. Px44-TRAIL formed a trimer, the biologically active form of TRAIL. Standard assays of TRAIL activity showed that Px44-TRAIL caused apoptosis of Jurkat cells and inhibited IFN-γ production by activated CD4+ T cells. Enzyme-linked immunoassay with Px44-TRAIL showed delivery of TRAIL to Dsg. Immunofluorescence with Px44-TRAIL incubated on skin sections and cultured keratinocytes or injected into mouse skin, human organ culture, or human xenografts detected TRAIL on keratinocytes. Px44-TRAIL caused apoptosis of the hyperproliferative, but not differentiating, cultured keratinocytes through binding to Dsg3. Foldon, a small trimerization domain, cloned into Px44-TRAIL maintained its stability and biological activity at 37° C for at least 48 hours. These data suggest that such targeted therapy is feasible and may be useful for hyperproliferative and inflamed skin diseases.
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DSG3 as a biomarker for the ultrasensitive detection of occult lymph node metastasis in oral cancer using nanostructured immunoarrays. Oral Oncol 2012; 49:93-101. [PMID: 23010602 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The diagnosis of cervical lymph node metastasis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients constitutes an essential requirement for clinical staging and treatment selection. However, clinical assessment by physical examination and different imaging modalities, as well as by histological examination of routine lymph node cryosections can miss micrometastases, while false positives may lead to unnecessary elective lymph node neck resections. Here, we explored the feasibility of developing a sensitive assay system for desmoglein 3 (DSG3) as a predictive biomarker for lymph node metastasis in HNSCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS DSG3 expression was determined in multiple general cancer- and HNSCC-tissue microarrays (TMAs), in negative and positive HNSCC metastatic cervical lymph nodes, and in a variety of HNSCC and control cell lines. A nanostructured immunoarray system was developed for the ultrasensitive detection of DSG3 in lymph node tissue lysates. RESULTS We demonstrate that DSG3 is highly expressed in all HNSCC lesions and their metastatic cervical lymph nodes, but absent in non-invaded lymph nodes. We show that DSG3 can be rapidly detected with high sensitivity using a simple microfluidic immunoarray platform, even in human tissue sections including very few HNSCC invading cells, hence distinguishing between positive and negative lymph nodes. CONCLUSION We provide a proof of principle supporting that ultrasensitive nanostructured assay systems for DSG3 can be exploited to detect micrometastatic HNSCC lesions in lymph nodes, which can improve the diagnosis and guide in the selection of appropriate therapeutic intervention modalities for HNSCC patients.
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18
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Ferris RL, Stefanika P, Xi L, Gooding W, Seethala RR, Godfrey TE. Rapid molecular detection of metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma as an intraoperative adjunct to sentinel lymph node biopsy. Laryngoscope 2012; 122:1020-30. [PMID: 22447185 DOI: 10.1002/lary.22467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Clinical staging of early head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCCHN) is often inaccurate, leading to elective neck dissection to detect the 30% of patients with micrometastatic disease. Sentinel node biopsy accurately stages the regional lymphatics, but intraoperative pathology is only moderately sensitive, and final pathology takes several days to complete. To facilitate immediate neck dissection where necessary, we have identified several promising marker genes of SCCHN metastasis and developed a rapid, accurate, and automated quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (qRT-PCR) assay for intraoperative use. STUDY DESIGN Prospective tissue collection, retrospective pathologic correlation with qRT-PCR. METHODS From a 40-gene marker screen, we quantified expression of 11 potential tumor genes using a test set of primary tumors (n = 32) and metastatic (n = 19) and benign (n = 10) lymph nodes. Eight patients' paired primary tumor and metastatic nodes were included. A validation set of 442 grossly tumor-negative nodes was evaluated for expression of the most promising markers, comparing metastasis detection by qRT-PCR with pathologic analysis (hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemistry). A novel multiplexed, automated, single-tube qRT-PCR assay was used to analyze more than 100 lymph nodes using a two-marker, 35-minute assay to determine its negative predictive value. RESULTS Based on expression of 11 tumor-associated genes from the marker screen, the two most promising markers of SCCHN metastasis in the test set, pemphigus vulgaris antigen (PVA) and tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 1 (TACSTD1), also known as epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), were selected. Development of a multiplexed qRT-PCR assay for the detection of metastasis compared favorably with pathologic analysis in the additional 442-node set. A rapid, multiplexed assay using PVA and TACSTD1 demonstrated excellent reproducibility, linearity, and accuracy (≈96% negative predictive value) for identifying positive (n = 40) and negative (n = 62) nodes in a validation subset. CONCLUSIONS Detection of metastatic SCCHN using multiplexed qRT-PCR can be rapid, accurate, and automated and may enable sentinel node biopsy to be used for intraoperative decision-making. PCR amplification of tumor marker genes is an effective method of intraoperative molecular staging of SCCHN and could more appropriately guide application of neck dissection in pN+ SCCHN patients, sparing 60% to 70% of pN0 patients from unnecessary neck dissection. This technique may also be used for identifying residual neck disease posttreatment, using outpatient fine-needle aspiration biopsy specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Ferris
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Yamauchi K, Fujioka Y, Kogashiwa Y, Kohno N. Quantitative expression study of four cytokeratins and p63 in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue: suitability for sentinel node navigation surgery using one-step nucleic acid amplification. J Clin Pathol 2011; 64:875-9. [DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2011-200085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AimsSentinel node navigation surgery (SNNS) is currently considered to provide better staging of regional metastasis. For rapid and accurate sentinel lymph node analysis, one-step nucleic acid amplification using cytokeratin 19 (CK19) has been applied, particularly in breast cancer. On the other hand, additional quantitative reverse transcription PCR targets containing cytokeratins have been reported recently in head and neck cancer. In this report, CK19 and p63 were immunohistochemically examined in primary tumours for use as molecular markers and were compared with cytokeratin 903 (CK903), cytokeratin 8/18 (CK8/18) and cytokeratin (AE1/AE3), which are used in diagnostic immunohistochemistry for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.MethodsThe study reviewed 17 patients with T1/T2, N0 (UICC) oral squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue who were treated surgically at Kyorin University Hospital between 2002 and 2009. The intensity and proportion of tumour cells stained for CK19, CK903, p63, CK8/18 and AE1/AE3 were evaluated.ResultsCK19 and CK8/18 staining in cytoplasm was patchy among carcinoma cells, indicating weak expression. Staining proportion for p63, CK903 and AE1/AE3 was greater than for CK19 and CK8/18, although staining intensity for CK903 was weaker than for p63 and AE1/AE3. The difference in total score between CK19 and CK8/18 staining and p63, CK903 and AE1/AE3 staining was statistically significant (p<0.001). p63 and AE1/AE3 may be better markers than CK903, CK19 and CK8/18.ConclusionsThis suggests that p63 is of clinical utility in SNNS and that CK19 is unsuitable for early tongue carcinoma. Further studies are needed before clinical application of these markers.
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Oncol 2011; 23:303-10. [DOI: 10.1097/cco.0b013e328346cbfa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kayis SA, Atli MO, Kurar E, Bozkaya F, Semacan A, Aslan S, Guzeloglu A. Rating of putative housekeeping genes for quantitative gene expression analysis in cyclic and early pregnant equine endometrium. Anim Reprod Sci 2011; 125:124-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2011.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Revised: 01/03/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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