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Gonçalves J, Pinto S, Carmo F, Silva C, Andrade N, Martel F. Additive Cytotoxic and Colony-Formation Inhibitory Effects of Aspirin and Metformin on PI3KCA-Mutant Colorectal Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5381. [PMID: 38791419 PMCID: PMC11121714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Human malignancies are one of the major health-related issues throughout the world and are anticipated to rise in the future. Despite huge investments made in anticancer drug development, limited success has been obtained and the average number of FDA approvals per year is declining. So, an increasing interest in drug repurposing exists. Metformin (MET) and aspirin (ASP) possess anticancer properties. This work aims to test the effect of these two drugs in combination on colorectal cancer (CRC) cells in vitro. The effects of MET and/or ASP on cell proliferation, viability, migratory ability, anchorage-independent growth ability (colony formation), and nutrient uptake were determined in two (HT-29 and Caco-2) human CRC cell lines. Individually, MET and ASP possessed antiproliferative, cytotoxic, and antimigratory effects and reduced colony formation in HT-29 cells (BRAF- and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit α (PI3KCA)-mutant), although MET did not affect either 3H-deoxy-D-glucose or 14C-butyrate uptake and lactate production, and ASP caused only a small decrease in 14C-butyrate uptake. Moreover, in these cells, the combination of MET and ASP resulted in a tendency to an increase in the cytotoxic effect and in a potentiation of the inhibitory effect on colony formation, although no additive antiproliferative and antimigratory effects, and no effect on nutrient uptake and lactate production were observed. In contrast, MET and ASP, both individually and in combination, were almost devoid of effects on Caco-2 cells (BRAF- and PI3KCA-wild type). We suggest that inhibition of PI3K is the common mechanism involved in the anti-CRC effect of both MET, ASP and their combination and, therefore, that the combination of MET + ASP may especially benefit PI3KCA-mutant CRC cases, which currently have a poor prognostic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Gonçalves
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (J.G.); (S.P.); (F.C.); (N.A.)
| | - Sara Pinto
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (J.G.); (S.P.); (F.C.); (N.A.)
| | - Francisca Carmo
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (J.G.); (S.P.); (F.C.); (N.A.)
| | - Cláudia Silva
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-453 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Nelson Andrade
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (J.G.); (S.P.); (F.C.); (N.A.)
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-453 Porto, Portugal;
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Martel
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (J.G.); (S.P.); (F.C.); (N.A.)
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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García-Moreno JF, Lacerda R, da Costa PJ, Pereira M, Gama-Carvalho M, Matos P, Romão L. DIS3L2 knockdown impairs key oncogenic properties of colorectal cancer cells via the mTOR signaling pathway. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:185. [PMID: 37340282 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04833-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
DIS3L2 degrades different types of RNAs in an exosome-independent manner including mRNAs and several types of non-coding RNAs. DIS3L2-mediated degradation is preceded by the addition of nontemplated uridines at the 3'end of its targets by the terminal uridylyl transferases 4 and 7. Most of the literature that concerns DIS3L2 characterizes its involvement in several RNA degradation pathways, however, there is some evidence that its dysregulated activity may contribute to cancer development. In the present study, we characterize the role of DIS3L2 in human colorectal cancer (CRC). Using the public RNA datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we found higher DIS3L2 mRNA levels in CRC tissues versus normal colonic samples as well as worse prognosis in patients with high DIS3L2 expression. In addition, our RNA deep-sequencing data revealed that knockdown (KD) of DIS3L2 induces a strong transcriptomic disturbance in SW480 CRC cells. Moreover, gene ontology (GO) analysis of significant upregulated transcripts displays enrichment in mRNAs encoding proteins involved in cell cycle regulation and cancer-related pathways, which guided us to evaluate which specific hallmarks of cancer are differentially regulated by DIS3L2. To do so, we employed four CRC cell lines (HCT116, SW480, Caco-2 and HT-29) differing in their mutational background and oncogenicity. We demonstrate that depletion of DIS3L2 results in reduced cell viability of highly oncogenic SW480 and HCT116 CRC cells, but had little or no impact in the more differentiated Caco-2 and HT-29 cells. Remarkably, the mTOR signaling pathway, crucial for cell survival and growth, is downregulated after DIS3L2 KD, whereas AZGP1, an mTOR pathway inhibitor, is upregulated. Furthermore, our results indicate that depletion of DIS3L2 disturbs metastasis-associated properties, such as cell migration and invasion, only in highly oncogenic CRC cells. Our work reveals for the first time a role for DIS3L2 in sustaining CRC cell proliferation and provides evidence that this ribonuclease is required to support the viability and invasive behavior of dedifferentiated CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F García-Moreno
- Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências, BioISI - Instituto de Biossistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rafaela Lacerda
- Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências, BioISI - Instituto de Biossistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paulo J da Costa
- Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências, BioISI - Instituto de Biossistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marcelo Pereira
- Faculdade de Ciências, BioISI - Instituto de Biossistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Margarida Gama-Carvalho
- Faculdade de Ciências, BioISI - Instituto de Biossistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paulo Matos
- Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências, BioISI - Instituto de Biossistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luísa Romão
- Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Faculdade de Ciências, BioISI - Instituto de Biossistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Ngamkham J, Siritutsoontorn S, Saisomboon S, Vaeteewoottacharn K, Jitrapakdee S. CRISPR Cas9-mediated ablation of pyruvate carboxylase gene in colon cancer cell line HT-29 inhibits growth and migration, induces apoptosis and increases sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil and glutaminase inhibitor. Front Oncol 2022; 12:966089. [DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.966089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate carboxylase (PC) is an important anaplerotic enzyme that replenishes the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) intermediates. It prevents the collapse of the TCA cycle upon its intermediates are removed during high anabolic demand. We have recently shown that overexpression of PC protein was associated with staging, metastasis and poor survival of colorectal cancer patients. Herein, we generated the PC knockout (PC KO) colon cancer cell lines, HT-29, by CRISPR-Cas9 technique, as a model to understand the role of this enzyme in colorectal cancer. The PC KO HT-29 cell lines had no detectable PC protein and did not show abnormal cellular or nuclear structures. However, PC KO HT-29 cells showed a 50-60% reduction in their growth rate and a 60-70% reduction in migration. The deficient growth phenotype of PC KO HT-29 cells was associated with apoptotic induction with no apparent cell cycle disruption following five days of growth. Down-regulation of key lipogenic enzymes, including acetyl-CoA carboxylase-1 and fatty acid synthase, was also associated with growth inhibition, suggesting that the de novo lipogenesis is impaired. Furthermore, PC KO HT-29 cells were 50% and 60% more sensitive to 5-fluorouracil and glutaminase inhibitor, CB-839, at their IC50 concentrations, respectively, following 48 h exposure. The increased cytotoxicity of CB-839 to PC KO HT-29 cells was associated with increased poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. However, this was not observed with PC KO cells exposed to 5-fluorouracil, suggesting that PC KO HT-29 cells were prone to CB-839-induced apoptosis. Collectively, these findings indicate that ablation of PC expression in HT-29 cells disrupts the metabolic homeostasis of cells and inhibits proliferation and migration, accompanied by apoptotic induction. This study highlights the crucial role of PC in supporting the survival of HT-29 cells during exposure to chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Behrendt I, Röder I, Will F, Mostafa H, Gonzalez-Dominguez R, Meroño T, Andres-Lacueva C, Fasshauer M, Rudloff S, Kuntz S. Influence of Plasma-Isolated Anthocyanins and Their Metabolites on Cancer Cell Migration (HT-29 and Caco-2) In Vitro: Results of the ATTACH Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071341. [PMID: 35883834 PMCID: PMC9311669 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer mortality is mainly due to metastasis. Therefore, searching for new therapeutic agents suppressing cancer cell migration is crucial. Data from human studies regarding effects of anthocyanins on cancer progression, however, are scarce and it is unclear whether physiological concentrations of anthocyanins and their metabolites reduce cancer cell migration in vivo. In addition, interactions with chemotherapeutics like 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) are largely unknown. Thus, we combined a placebo-controlled, double-blinded, cross-over study with in vitro migration studies of colon cancer cell lines to examine the anti-migratory effects of plasma-isolated anthocyanins and their metabolites (PAM). Healthy volunteers (n = 35) daily consumed 0.33 L of an anthocyanin-rich grape/bilberry juice and an anthocyanin-depleted placebo juice for 28 days. PAM were isolated before and after intervention by solid-phase extraction. HT-29 and Caco-2 cells were incubated with PAM in a Boyden chamber. Migration of HT-29 cells was significantly inhibited by PAM from juice but not from placebo. In contrast, Caco-2 migration was not affected. Co-incubation with 5-FU and pooled PAM from volunteers (n = 10), which most effectively inhibited HT-29 migration, further reduced HT-29 migration in comparison to 5-FU alone. Therefore, PAM at physiological concentrations impairs colon cancer cell migration and may support the effectiveness of chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inken Behrendt
- Department of Nutritional Science, Human Nutrition, Justus-Liebig-University, 35390 Giessen, Germany; (M.F.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Isabella Röder
- Department of Beverage Research, Hochschule Geisenheim University, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany; (I.R.); (F.W.)
| | - Frank Will
- Department of Beverage Research, Hochschule Geisenheim University, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany; (I.R.); (F.W.)
| | - Hamza Mostafa
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Innovation Network (XIA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (H.M.); (R.G.-D.); (T.M.); (C.A.-L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Gonzalez-Dominguez
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Innovation Network (XIA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (H.M.); (R.G.-D.); (T.M.); (C.A.-L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tomás Meroño
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Innovation Network (XIA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (H.M.); (R.G.-D.); (T.M.); (C.A.-L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Andres-Lacueva
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Innovation Network (XIA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (H.M.); (R.G.-D.); (T.M.); (C.A.-L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mathias Fasshauer
- Department of Nutritional Science, Human Nutrition, Justus-Liebig-University, 35390 Giessen, Germany; (M.F.); (S.K.)
| | - Silvia Rudloff
- Department of Nutritional Science and Department of Pediatrics, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Sabine Kuntz
- Department of Nutritional Science, Human Nutrition, Justus-Liebig-University, 35390 Giessen, Germany; (M.F.); (S.K.)
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Liu Y, Tzang B, Yow J, Chiang Y, Huang C, Hsu T. Traditional Chinese medicine formula T33 inhibits the proliferation of human colorectal cancer cells by inducing autophagy. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:1007-1017. [PMID: 34995006 PMCID: PMC9304163 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death globally. Although surgery is still the major method for CRC therapy, the adoption of alternative treatments, such as traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), for CRC treatment is increasing. Our previous study has indicated the anti-breast cancer activity of T33 (a TCM formula). Interestingly, a major ingredient in T33, Baishao (Paeoniae Radix Alba), was reported to have antiproliferative effects on CRC cells. Therefore, this study further validated the influences of T33 on HT-29 and Caco2 cells both in vitro and in vivo. Viability and migration assays were performed to analyze the influences of T33 on proliferation and migratory activity of HT-29 and Caco2 cells. Immunofluorescence (IF) staining and immunoblotting were performed to confirm T33-induced autophagy in HT-29 and Caco2 cells. Xenograft HT-29 tumors were generated to test the effects of T33 in vivo. Significantly reduced survival and migratory activity were observed in both HT-29 and Caco2 cells treated with T33 along with apparently increased LC3-II protein. Significantly decreased p62/SQSTM1 protein, increased LC3-II/LC3-I ratio, and elevated amounts of Atg7, Atg5, and Beclin-1 proteins were detected in both HT-29 and Caco2 cells treated with T33. Moreover, the volume of xenograft HT-29 tumors was significantly lower in mice receiving 200 or 600 mg/kg T33 than in control-treated mice. These findings indicate that T33 exerts anti-CRC activity by inducing autophagy and suggest the potential of T33 for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Te Liu
- Institute of MedicineChung Shan Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Bor‐Show Tzang
- Institute of MedicineChung Shan Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of MedicineChung Shan Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Immunology Research CenterChung Shan Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryChung Shan Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
| | - JiaLe Yow
- Institute of MedicineChung Shan Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of MedicineChung Shan Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Yi‐Hsuan Chiang
- Institute of MedicineChung Shan Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Chih‐Yang Huang
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research CenterHualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical FoundationHualienTaiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical SciencesChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical FoundationTzu Chi University of Science and TechnologyHualienTaiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University HospitalChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Department of BiotechnologyAsia UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Tsai‐Ching Hsu
- Institute of MedicineChung Shan Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Immunology Research CenterChung Shan Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryChung Shan Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
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Krasteva N, Staneva D, Vasileva B, Miloshev G, Georgieva M. Bioactivity of PEGylated Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles Combined with Near-Infrared Laser Irradiation Studied in Colorectal Carcinoma Cells. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:3061. [PMID: 34835825 PMCID: PMC8619681 DOI: 10.3390/nano11113061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Central focus in modern anticancer nanosystems is given to certain types of nanomaterials such as graphene oxide (GO). Its functionalization with polyethylene glycol (PEG) demonstrates high delivery efficiency and controllable release of proteins, bioimaging agents, chemotherapeutics and anticancer drugs. GO-PEG has a good biological safety profile, exhibits high NIR absorbance and capacity in photothermal treatment. To investigate the bioactivity of PEGylated GO NPs in combination with NIR irradiation on colorectal cancer cells we conducted experiments that aim to reveal the molecular mechanisms of action of this nanocarrier, combined with near-infrared light (NIR) on the high invasive Colon26 and the low invasive HT29 colon cancer cell lines. During reaching cancer cells the phototoxicity of GO-PEG is modulated by NIR laser irradiation. We observed that PEGylation of GO nanoparticles has well-pronounced biocompatibility toward colorectal carcinoma cells, besides their different malignant potential and treatment times. This biocompatibility is potentiated when GO-PEG treatment is combined with NIR irradiation, especially for cells cultured and treated for 24 h. The tested bioactivity of GO-PEG in combination with NIR irradiation induced little to no damages in DNA and did not influence the mitochondrial activity. Our findings demonstrate the potential of GO-PEG-based photoactivity as a nanosystem for colorectal cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Krasteva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, “Acad. Georgi Bonchev” Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Dessislava Staneva
- Institute of Molecular Biology “Acad. R. Tsanev”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, “Acad. Georgi Bonchev” Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (D.S.); (B.V.); (G.M.)
| | - Bela Vasileva
- Institute of Molecular Biology “Acad. R. Tsanev”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, “Acad. Georgi Bonchev” Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (D.S.); (B.V.); (G.M.)
| | - George Miloshev
- Institute of Molecular Biology “Acad. R. Tsanev”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, “Acad. Georgi Bonchev” Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (D.S.); (B.V.); (G.M.)
| | - Milena Georgieva
- Institute of Molecular Biology “Acad. R. Tsanev”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, “Acad. Georgi Bonchev” Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (D.S.); (B.V.); (G.M.)
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Gheytanchi E, Naseri M, Karimi-Busheri F, Atyabi F, Mirsharif ES, Bozorgmehr M, Ghods R, Madjd Z. Morphological and molecular characteristics of spheroid formation in HT-29 and Caco-2 colorectal cancer cell lines. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:204. [PMID: 33849536 PMCID: PMC8042991 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01898-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Relapse and metastasis in colorectal cancer (CRC) are often attributed to cancer stem-like cells (CSCs), as small sub-population of tumor cells with ability of drug resistance. Accordingly, development of appropriate models to investigate CSCs biology and establishment of effective therapeutic strategies is warranted. Hence, we aimed to assess the capability of two widely used and important colorectal cancer cell lines, HT-29 and Caco-2, in generating spheroids and their detailed morphological and molecular characteristics. Methods CRC spheroids were developed using hanging drop and forced floating in serum-free and non-attachment conditions and their morphological features were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Then, the potential of CSCs enrichment in spheroids was compared to their adherent counterparts by analysis of serial sphere formation capacity, real-time PCR of key stemness genes (KLF4, OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, C-MYC) and the expression of potential CRC-CSCs surface markers (CD166, CD44, and CD133) by flow cytometry. Finally, the expression level of some EMT-related (Vimentin, SNAIL1, TWIST1, N-cadherin, E-cadherin, ZEB1) and multi-drug resistant (ABCB1, ABCC1, ABCG2) genes was evaluated. Results Although with different morphological features, both cell lines were formed CSCs-enriched spheroids, indicated by ability to serial sphere formation, significant up-regulation of stemness genes, SOX2, C-MYC, NANOG and OCT4 in HT-29 and SOX2, C-MYC and KLF4 in Caco-2 spheroids (p-value < 0.05) and increased expression of CRC-CSC markers compared to parental cells (p-value < 0.05). Additionally, HT-29 spheroids exhibited a significant higher expression of both ABCB1 and ABCG2 (p-value = 0.02). The significant up-regulation of promoting EMT genes, ZEB1, TWIST1, E-cadherin and SNAIL1 in HT-29 spheroids (p-value = 0.03), SNAIL1 and Vimentin in Caco-2 spheroids (p-value < 0.05) and N-cadherin down-regulation in both spheroids were observed. Conclusion Enrichment of CSC-related features in HT-29 and Caco-2 (for the first time without applying special scaffold/biochemical) spheroids, suggests spheroid culture as robust, reproducible, simple and cost-effective model to imitate the complexity of in vivo tumors including self-renewal, drug resistance and invasion for in vitro research of CRC-CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmira Gheytanchi
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Naseri
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Atyabi
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahmood Bozorgmehr
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Ghods
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahra Madjd
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Georgieva M, Gospodinova Z, Keremidarska-Markova M, Kamenska T, Gencheva G, Krasteva N. PEGylated Nanographene Oxide in Combination with Near-Infrared Laser Irradiation as a Smart Nanocarrier in Colon Cancer Targeted Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13030424. [PMID: 33809878 PMCID: PMC8004270 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-cancer therapies that integrate smart nanomaterials are the focus of cancer research in recent years. Here, we present our results with PEGylated nanographene oxide particles (nGO-PEG) and have studied their combined effect with near-infrared (NIR) irradiation on low and high invasive colorectal carcinoma cells. The aim is to develop nGO-PEG as a smart nanocarrier for colon cancer-targeted therapy. For this purpose, nGO-PEG nanoparticles' size, zeta potential, surface morphology, dispersion stability, aggregation, and sterility were determined and compared with pristine nGO nanoparticles (NPs). Our results show that PEGylation increased the particle sizes from 256.7 nm (pristine nGO) to 324.6 nm (nGO-PEG), the zeta potential from -32.9 to -21.6 mV, and wrinkled the surface of the nanosheets. Furthermore, nGO-PEG exhibited higher absorbance in the NIR region, as compared to unmodified nGO. PEGylated nGO demonstrated enhanced stability in aqueous solution, improved dispensability in the culture medium, containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and amended biocompatibility. A strong synergic effect of nGO-PEG activated with NIR irradiation for 5 min (1.5 W/cm-2 laser) was observed on cell growth inhibition of low invasive colon cancer cells (HT29) and their wound closure ability while the effect of NIR on cellular morphology was relatively weak. Our results show that PEGylation of nGO combined with NIR irradiation holds the potential for a biocompatible smart nanocarrier in colon cancer cells with enhanced physicochemical properties and higher biological compatibility. For that reason, further optimization of the irradiation process and detailed screening of nGO-PEG in combination with NIR and chemotherapeutics on the fate of the colon cancer cells is a prerequisite for highly efficient combined nanothermal and photothermal therapy for colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Georgieva
- Institute of Molecular Biology “R. Tsanev”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, “Acad. Georgi Bonchev” Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (N.K.); Tel.: +359-896833604 (M.G.); +359-889577074 (N.K.)
| | - Zlatina Gospodinova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, “Acad. Georgi Bonchev” Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (Z.G.); (M.K.-M.); (T.K.)
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, “Acad. Georgi Bonchev” Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Milena Keremidarska-Markova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, “Acad. Georgi Bonchev” Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (Z.G.); (M.K.-M.); (T.K.)
- Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Trayana Kamenska
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, “Acad. Georgi Bonchev” Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (Z.G.); (M.K.-M.); (T.K.)
| | - Galina Gencheva
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 1 James Bourchier Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Natalia Krasteva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, “Acad. Georgi Bonchev” Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (Z.G.); (M.K.-M.); (T.K.)
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (N.K.); Tel.: +359-896833604 (M.G.); +359-889577074 (N.K.)
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9
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Plotnikov A, Kozer N, Cohen G, Carvalho S, Duberstein S, Almog O, Solmesky LJ, Shurrush KA, Babaev I, Benjamin S, Gilad S, Kupervaser M, Levin Y, Gershovits M, Ben-Avraham D, Barr HM. PRMT1 inhibition induces differentiation of colon cancer cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20030. [PMID: 33208761 PMCID: PMC7676271 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77028-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiation therapy has been recently revisited as a prospective approach in cancer therapy by targeting the aberrant growth, and repairing the differentiation and cell death programs of cancer cells. However, differentiation therapy of solid tumors is a challenging issue and progress in this field is limited. We performed High Throughput Screening (HTS) using a novel dual multiplex assay to discover compounds, which induce differentiation of human colon cancer cells. Here we show that the protein arginine methyl transferase (PRMT) type 1 inhibitor, MS023, is a potent inducer of colon cancer cell differentiation with a large therapeutic window. Differentiation changes in the highly aggressive human colon cancer cell line (HT-29) were proved by proteomic and genomic approaches. Growth of HT-29 xenograft in nude mice was significantly delayed upon MS023 treatment and immunohistochemistry of tumor indicated differentiation changes. These findings may lead to development of clinically effective anti-cancer drugs based on the mechanism of cancer cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Plotnikov
- Wohl Institute for Drug Discovery, High Throughput Screening Unit, Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Noga Kozer
- Wohl Institute for Drug Discovery, High Throughput Screening Unit, Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Galit Cohen
- Wohl Institute for Drug Discovery, High Throughput Screening Unit, Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Silvia Carvalho
- Wohl Institute for Drug Discovery, High Throughput Screening Unit, Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shirly Duberstein
- Wohl Institute for Drug Discovery, High Throughput Screening Unit, Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ofir Almog
- Wohl Institute for Drug Discovery, High Throughput Screening Unit, Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Leonardo Javier Solmesky
- Wohl Institute for Drug Discovery, High Throughput Screening Unit, Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Khriesto A Shurrush
- Wohl Institute for Drug Discovery, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ilana Babaev
- Wohl Institute for Drug Discovery, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sima Benjamin
- Crown Institute for Genomics, Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shlomit Gilad
- Crown Institute for Genomics, Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Meital Kupervaser
- de Botton Institute for Proteomics, Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yishai Levin
- de Botton Institute for Proteomics, Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michael Gershovits
- Mantoux Institute for Bioinformatics, Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Danny Ben-Avraham
- Mantoux Institute for Bioinformatics, Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Haim Michael Barr
- Wohl Institute for Drug Discovery, High Throughput Screening Unit, Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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10
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Druzhkova I, Shirmanova M, Ignatova N, Dudenkova V, Lukina M, Zagaynova E, Safina D, Kostrov S, Didych D, Kuzmich A, Sharonov G, Rakitina O, Alekseenko I, Sverdlov E. Expression of EMT-Related Genes in Hybrid E/M Colorectal Cancer Cells Determines Fibroblast Activation and Collagen Remodeling. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218119. [PMID: 33143259 PMCID: PMC7662237 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen, the main non-cellular component of the extracellular matrix (ECM), is profoundly reorganized during tumorigenesis and has a strong impact on tumor behavior. The main source of collagen in tumors is cancer-associated fibroblasts. Cancer cells can also participate in the synthesis of ECM; however, the contribution of both types of cells to collagen rearrangements during the tumor progression is far from being clear. Here, we investigated the processes of collagen biosynthesis and remodeling in parallel with the transcriptome changes during cancer cells and fibroblasts interactions. Combining immunofluorescence, RNA sequencing, and second harmonic generation microscopy, we have explored the relationships between the ratio of epithelial (E) and mesenchymal (M) components of hybrid E/M cancer cells, their ability to activate fibroblasts, and the contributions of both cell types to collagen remodeling. To this end, we studied (i) co-cultures of colorectal cancer cells and normal fibroblasts in a collagen matrix, (ii) patient-derived cancer-associated fibroblasts, and (iii) mouse xenograft models. We found that the activation of normal fibroblasts that form dense collagen networks consisting of large, highly oriented fibers depends on the difference in E/M ratio in the cancer cells. The more-epithelial cells activate the fibroblasts more strongly, which correlates with a dense and highly ordered collagen structure in tumors in vivo. The more-mesenchymal cells activate the fibroblasts to a lesser degree; on the other hand, this cell line has a higher innate collagen remodeling capacity. Normal fibroblasts activated by cancer cells contribute to the organization of the extracellular matrix in a way that is favorable for migratory potency. At the same time, in co-culture with epithelial cancer cells, the contribution of fibroblasts to the reorganization of ECM is more pronounced. Therefore, one can expect that targeting the ability of epithelial cancer cells to activate normal fibroblasts may provide a new anticancer therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Druzhkova
- Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (I.D.); (M.S.); (N.I.); (V.D.); (M.L.); (E.Z.); (G.S.)
| | - Marina Shirmanova
- Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (I.D.); (M.S.); (N.I.); (V.D.); (M.L.); (E.Z.); (G.S.)
| | - Nadezhda Ignatova
- Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (I.D.); (M.S.); (N.I.); (V.D.); (M.L.); (E.Z.); (G.S.)
| | - Varvara Dudenkova
- Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (I.D.); (M.S.); (N.I.); (V.D.); (M.L.); (E.Z.); (G.S.)
| | - Maria Lukina
- Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (I.D.); (M.S.); (N.I.); (V.D.); (M.L.); (E.Z.); (G.S.)
| | - Elena Zagaynova
- Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (I.D.); (M.S.); (N.I.); (V.D.); (M.L.); (E.Z.); (G.S.)
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Dina Safina
- Department of Molecular-Genetic Basis of Biotechnology and Protein Engineering, Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», 123182 Moscow, Russia; (D.S.); (S.K.); (I.A.); (E.S.)
| | - Sergey Kostrov
- Department of Molecular-Genetic Basis of Biotechnology and Protein Engineering, Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», 123182 Moscow, Russia; (D.S.); (S.K.); (I.A.); (E.S.)
| | - Dmitry Didych
- Department of Genomics and Postgenomic Technologies, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of The Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.D.); (O.R.)
| | - Alexey Kuzmich
- Department of Molecular-Genetic Basis of Biotechnology and Protein Engineering, Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», 123182 Moscow, Russia; (D.S.); (S.K.); (I.A.); (E.S.)
- Department of Genomics and Postgenomic Technologies, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of The Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.D.); (O.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - George Sharonov
- Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (I.D.); (M.S.); (N.I.); (V.D.); (M.L.); (E.Z.); (G.S.)
- Department of Genomics and Postgenomic Technologies, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of The Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.D.); (O.R.)
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Rakitina
- Department of Genomics and Postgenomic Technologies, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of The Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.D.); (O.R.)
| | - Irina Alekseenko
- Department of Molecular-Genetic Basis of Biotechnology and Protein Engineering, Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», 123182 Moscow, Russia; (D.S.); (S.K.); (I.A.); (E.S.)
- Department of Genomics and Postgenomic Technologies, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of The Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.D.); (O.R.)
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, FSBI «National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov» Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Eugene Sverdlov
- Department of Molecular-Genetic Basis of Biotechnology and Protein Engineering, Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», 123182 Moscow, Russia; (D.S.); (S.K.); (I.A.); (E.S.)
- National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», 123182 Moscow, Russia
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11
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Kim H, Kim SH, Hwang D, An J, Chung HS, Yang EG, Kim SY. Extracellular pyruvate kinase M2 facilitates cell migration by upregulating claudin-1 expression in colon cancer cells. Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 98:219-226. [PMID: 31545907 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2019-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive studies have been reported the non-canonical functions of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) as a kinase, transcriptional regulator, and even cell-to-cell communicator, emphasizing its importance in various signaling pathways. However, the role of secreted PKM2 in cancer progression and its signaling pathway is yet to be elucidated. In this study, we found that extracellular PKM2 enhanced the migration of low-metastatic, benign colon cancer cells by upregulating claudin-1 expression and internalizing it to the cytoplasm and nucleus. Knock-down of claudin-1 significantly reduced extracellular PKM2-induced cell migration. Inhibition of either protein kinase C (PKC) or epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) resulted in a reduction of extracellular PKM2-mediated claudin-1 expression, suggesting EGFR-PKC-claudin-1 as a signaling pathway in the extracellular PKM2-mediated tumorigenesis of colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunju Kim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Ho Kim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohyeon Hwang
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsu An
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Suk Chung
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Gyeong Yang
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Kim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
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12
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Rajan SAP, Skardal A, Hall AR. Multi-Domain Photopatterned 3D Tumor Constructs in a Micro-Physiological System for Analysis, Quantification, and Isolation of Infiltrating Cells. ADVANCED BIOSYSTEMS 2020; 4:e1900273. [PMID: 32293164 PMCID: PMC7323471 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201900273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cell motility plays a central role in metastasis and tumor invasion but can be difficult to study accurately in vitro. A simple approach to address this challenge through the production of monolithic, photopatterned 3D tumor constructs in situ in a microfluidic device is described here. Through step-wise fabrication of adjoining hydrogel regions with and without incorporated cells, multidomain structures with defined boundaries are produced. By imaging cells over time, cellular activity with arbitrary control over medium conditions, including drug concentration and flow rate, is studied. First, malignant human colon carcinoma cells (HCT116) are studied for 10 days, comparing invasion dynamics and viability of cells in normal media to those exposed to two independent chemotherapeutic drugs: anti-proliferative 5-fluorouracil and anti-migratory Marimastat. Cytotoxicity is measured and significant differences are observed in cellular dynamics (migrating cell count, distance traveled, and rate) that correlate with the mechanism of each drug. Then, the platform is applied to the selective isolation of infiltrated cells through the photopatterning and subsequent dissolution of cleavable hydrogel domains. As a demonstration, the preferential collection of highly migratory cells (HCT116) over a comparable cell line with low malignancy and migratory potential (Caco-2) is shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiny A P Rajan
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Aleksander Skardal
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center at Wake Forest Baptist Medical, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University and The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, USA
| | - Adam R Hall
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center at Wake Forest Baptist Medical, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
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13
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Shen L, Jia K, Bing T, Zhang Z, Zhen X, Liu X, Zhang N, Shangguan D. Detection of Circulating Tumor-Related Materials by Aptamer Capturing and Endogenous Enzyme-Signal Amplification. Anal Chem 2020; 92:5370-5378. [PMID: 32134248 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor-related materials (CTRMs) shed from original or metastatic tumors, carry a lot of tumor information and are considered as important markers for cancer diagnosis and metastasis prognosis. Herein, we report a colorimetric detection strategy for CTRMs based on aptamer-based magnetic isolation and endogenous alkaline phosphatase (AP)-signal amplification. This strategy exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity toward the CTRMs that express AP heterodimers (the target of aptamer, a potential tumor marker). For clinical samples, this CTRM assay significantly discriminated colorectal cancer patients (n = 50) from healthy individuals (n = 39, p < 0.0001). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis indicated the sensitivity and specificity reached 92% and 82%, respectively, at the optimal cutoff point, the area under the curve of ROC reached 0.93, suggesting great potential for colorectal cancer diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring. Compared with CTC assays, this strategy is simple and has the potential for point-of-care testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Shen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Keke Jia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Tao Bing
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhibao Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiangjun Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dihua Shangguan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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14
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Agrawal S, Woźniak M, Łuc M, Makuch S, Pielka E, Agrawal AK, Wietrzyk J, Banach J, Gamian A, Pizon M, Ziółkowski P. Insulin enhancement of the antitumor activity of chemotherapeutic agents in colorectal cancer is linked with downregulating PIK3CA and GRB2. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16647. [PMID: 31719636 PMCID: PMC6851401 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53145-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present state of cancer chemotherapy is unsatisfactory. New anticancer drugs that marginally improve the survival of patients continue to be developed at an unsustainably high cost. The study aimed to elucidate the effects of insulin (INS), an inexpensive drug with a convincing safety profile, on the susceptibility of colon cancer to chemotherapeutic agents: 5-fluorouracil (FU), oxaliplatin (OXA), irinotecan (IRI), cyclophosphamide (CPA) and docetaxel (DOC). To examine the effects of insulin on cell viability and apoptosis, we performed an in vitro analysis on colon cancer cell lines Caco-2 and SW480. To verify the results, we performed in vivo analysis on mice bearing MC38 colon tumors. To assess the underlying mechanism of the therapy, we examined the mRNA expression of pathways related to the signaling downstream of insulin receptors (INSR). Moreover, we performed Western blotting to confirm expression patterns derived from the genetic analysis. For the quantification of circulating tumor cells in the peripheral blood, we used the maintrac method. The results of our study show that insulin-pretreated colon cancer cells are significantly more susceptible to commonly used chemotherapeutics. The apoptosis ratio was also enhanced when INS was administered complementary to the examined drugs. The in vivo study showed that the combination of INS and FU resulted in significant inhibition of tumor growth and reduction of the number of circulating tumor cells. This combination caused a significant downregulation of the key signaling substrates downstream of INSR. The results indicate that the downregulation of PIK3CA (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha), which plays a critical role in cell signaling and GRB2 (growth factor receptor-bound protein 2), a regulator of cell proliferation and differentiation may be responsible for the sensitizing effect of INS. These findings were confirmed at protein levels by Western blotting. In conclusion, these results suggest that INS might be potentially applied to clinical use to enhance the therapeutic effectiveness of chemotherapeutic drugs. The findings may become a platform for the future development of new and inexpensive strategies for the clinical chemotherapy of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddarth Agrawal
- Department of Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Marta Woźniak
- Department of Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Łuc
- Department of Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Sebastian Makuch
- Department of Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Pielka
- Department of Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anil Kumar Agrawal
- 2nd Department and Clinic of General and Oncological Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Wietrzyk
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Banach
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Gamian
- Department of Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Monika Pizon
- Transfusion Center Bayreuth, Kurpromenade 2, 95448, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Piotr Ziółkowski
- Department of Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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15
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Ibrahim SAEF, Abudu A, Johnson E, Aftab N, Conrad S, Fluck M. The role of AP-1 in self-sufficient proliferation and migration of cancer cells and its potential impact on an autocrine/paracrine loop. Oncotarget 2018; 9:34259-34278. [PMID: 30344941 PMCID: PMC6188139 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating protein-1 (AP-1) family members, especially Fra-1 and c-Jun, are highly expressed in invasive cancers and can mediate enhanced migration and proliferation. The aim of this study was to explore the significance of elevated levels of AP-1 family members under conditions that restrict growth. We observed that invasive MDA-MB-231 cells express high levels of Fra-1, c-Jun, and Jun-D during serum starvation and throughout the cell cycle compared to non-tumorigenic and non-invasive cell lines. We then analyzed Fra-1 levels in additional breast and other cancer cell lines. We found breast and lung cancer cells with higher levels of Fra-1 during serum starvation had relatively higher ability to proliferate and migrate under these conditions. Utilizing a dominant negative construct of AP-1, we demonstrated that proliferation and migration of MDA-MB-231 in the absence of serum requires AP-1 activity. Finally, we observed that MDA-MB-231 cells secrete factors(s) that induce Fra-1 expression and migration in non-tumorigenic and non-metastatic cells and that both the expression of and response to these factors require AP-1 activity. These results suggest the presence of an autocrine/paracrine loop that maintains high Fra-1 levels in aggressive cancer cells, enhancing their proliferative and metastatic ability and affecting neighbors to alter the tumor environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Abd El-Fattah Ibrahim
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Aierken Abudu
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Eugenia Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Neelum Aftab
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Susan Conrad
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Michele Fluck
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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16
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Hume RD, Pensa S, Brown EJ, Kreuzaler PA, Hitchcock J, Husmann A, Campbell JJ, Lloyd-Thomas AO, Cameron RE, Watson CJ. Tumour cell invasiveness and response to chemotherapeutics in adipocyte invested 3D engineered anisotropic collagen scaffolds. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12658. [PMID: 30139956 PMCID: PMC6107500 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30107-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancers are highly heterogeneous and their metastatic potential and response to therapeutic drugs is difficult to predict. A tool that could accurately gauge tumour invasiveness and drug response would provide a valuable addition to the oncologist’s arsenal. We have developed a 3-dimensional (3D) culture model that recapitulates the stromal environment of breast cancers by generating anisotropic (directional) collagen scaffolds seeded with adipocytes and culturing tumour fragments therein. Analysis of tumour cell invasion in the presence of various therapeutic drugs, by immunofluorescence microscopy coupled with an optical clearing technique, demonstrated the utility of this approach in determining both the rate and capacity of tumour cells to migrate through the stroma while shedding light also on the mode of migration. Furthermore, the response of different murine mammary tumour types to chemotherapeutic drugs could be readily quantified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Hume
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Sara Pensa
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Elizabeth J Brown
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Peter A Kreuzaler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Jessica Hitchcock
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Anke Husmann
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Jonathan J Campbell
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Annabel O Lloyd-Thomas
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Ruth E Cameron
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Christine J Watson
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK.
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Ibrahim Abd El-fattah S, Abudu A, Jonhson E, Aftab N, Fluck M. The role of AP-1 in self-sufficient proliferation and migration of cancer cells and its potential impact on an autocrine/paracrine loop.. [DOI: 10.1101/271536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACTThe activating protein-1 (AP-1) family members are highly expressed in invasive cancers, but the consequences of this are not completely understood. The aim of this study was to explore the significance of elevated levels of AP-1 family members under conditions that restrict growth. We observed that invasive MDA-MB-231 cells express high levels of Fra-1, c-Jun and, Jun-D during serum starvation and throughout the cell cycle compared to non-tumorigenic and non-invasive cell lines. We then analyzed Fra-1 levels in additional breast and other cancer cell lines. We found a correlation between the high levels of Fra-1 during serum starvation and the ability of the cells to proliferate and migrate under these conditions. Utilizing a dominant negative construct of AP-1, we demonstrated that proliferation and migration of MDA-MB-231 in the absence of serum requires AP-1 activity. Finally, we observed that MDA-MB-231 cells secrete factors(s) that induce Fra-1 expression and migration in non-tumorigenic and non-metastatic cells and that both the expression of and response to these factors require AP-1 activity. These results suggest the presence of an autocrine/paracrine loop that maintains high Fra-1 levels in aggressive cancer cells, enhancing their proliferative and metastatic ability and affecting neighbors to alter the tumor environment.
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18
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Beloqui A, Brayden DJ, Artursson P, Préat V, des Rieux A. A human intestinal M-cell-like model for investigating particle, antigen and microorganism translocation. Nat Protoc 2017; 12:1387-1399. [PMID: 28617450 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2017.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The specialized microfold cells (M cells) in the follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) of intestinal Peyer's patches serve as antigen-sampling cells of the intestinal innate immune system. Unlike 'classical' enterocytes, they are able to translocate diverse particulates without digesting them. They act as pathways for microorganism invasion and mediate food tolerance by transcellular transport of intestinal microbiota and antigens. Their ability to transcytose intact particles can be used to develop oral drug delivery and oral immunization strategies. This protocol describes a reproducible and versatile human M-cell-like in vitro model. This model can be exploited to evaluate M-cell transport of microparticles and nanoparticles for protein, drug or vaccine delivery and to study bacterial adherence and translocation across M cells. The inverted in vitro M-cell model consists of three main steps. First, Caco-2 cells are seeded at the apical side of the inserts. Second, the inserts are inverted and B lymphocytes are seeded at the basolateral side of the inserts. Third, the conversion to M cells is assessed. Although various M-cell culture systems exist, this model provides several advantages over the rest: (i) it is based on coculture with well-established differentiated human cell lines; (ii) it is reproducible under the conditions described herein; (iii) it can be easily mastered; and (iv) it does not require the isolation of primary cells or the use of animals. The protocol requires skills in cell culture and microscopy analysis. The model is obtained after 3 weeks, and transport experiments across the differentiated model can be carried out over periods of up to 10 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Beloqui
- Department of Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - David J Brayden
- Veterinary Biosciences Section, School of Veterinary Medicine and Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Per Artursson
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Véronique Préat
- Department of Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne des Rieux
- Department of Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Institute of the Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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19
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Liu X, Li H, Rajurkar M, Li Q, Cotton JL, Ou J, Zhu LJ, Goel HL, Mercurio AM, Park JS, Davis RJ, Mao J. Tead and AP1 Coordinate Transcription and Motility. Cell Rep 2016; 14:1169-1180. [PMID: 26832411 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.12.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Tead family transcription factors are the major intracellular mediators of the Hippo-Yap pathway. Despite the importance of Hippo signaling in tumorigenesis, Tead-dependent downstream oncogenic programs and target genes in cancer cells remain poorly understood. Here, we characterize Tead4-mediated transcriptional networks in a diverse range of cancer cells, including neuroblastoma, colorectal, lung, and endometrial carcinomas. By intersecting genome-wide chromatin occupancy analyses of Tead4, JunD, and Fra1/2, we find that Tead4 cooperates with AP1 transcription factors to coordinate target gene transcription. We find that Tead-AP1 interaction is JNK independent but engages the SRC1-3 co-activators to promote downstream transcription. Furthermore, we show that Tead-AP1 cooperation regulates the activity of the Dock-Rac/CDC42 module and drives the expression of a unique core set of target genes, thereby directing cell migration and invasion. Together, our data unveil a critical regulatory mechanism underlying Tead- and AP1-controlled transcriptional and functional outputs in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfan Liu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Huapeng Li
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Mihir Rajurkar
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Qi Li
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Jennifer L Cotton
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Jianhong Ou
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Lihua J Zhu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Hira L Goel
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Arthur M Mercurio
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Joo-Seop Park
- Divisions of Pediatric Urology and Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Roger J Davis
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Junhao Mao
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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20
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Tan F, Zhu H, Tao Y, Yu N, Pei Q, Liu H, Zhou Y, Xu H, Song X, Li Y, Zhou Z, He X, Zhang X, Pei H. Neuron navigator 2 overexpression indicates poor prognosis of colorectal cancer and promotes invasion through the SSH1L/cofilin-1 pathway. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2015; 34:117. [PMID: 26452645 PMCID: PMC4600204 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0237-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Neuron navigator 2 (NAV2) encodes a member of the neuron navigator gene family, which plays a role in tumorigenesis and cell migration. However, the prognostic value of NAV2 expression in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and the potential pathway through which NAV2 promotes migration and invasion in CRC cell lines is poorly understood. Methods The expression level of NAV2 was detected in CRC tissues from two different CRC cohorts by immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR and Western blotting; the correlation between NAV2 expression and clinicopathological characters was analyzed, and the prognostic value of NAV2 expression was analyzed using a Cox regression model. CRC cell lines with NAV2 knocked out were used to validate the function and potential pathway used by NAV2 to promote CRC cell migration and invasion. Results The results showed that NAV2 was overexpressed in CRC tissues, and it was closely correlated with depth of invasion, and lymph and distant metastasis. Multivariate analysis indicated that high NAV2 expression was a poor prognostic indicator of recurrence-free survival and overall survival in CRC patients. Furthermore, Cox regression analysis revealed that high NAV2 expression integrated with high tumor budding grade was a powerful independent predictive factor of CRC clinical outcome. In vitro and in vivo assays demonstrated that knockdown of NAV2 led to reduced migration and invasion of cancer cells, and the process involved the regulation of F-actin polymerization through the SSH1L/cofilin-1 pathway. Conclusion Based on these findings, NAV2 could serve as both a prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for patients with NAV2-positive CRC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13046-015-0237-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengbo Tan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiming Tao
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Nanhui Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Qian Pei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Heli Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Haifan Xu
- Department of Mammary and Thyroid, The First Affiliated Hospital of South China University, Hengyang, China
| | - Xiangping Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yuqiang Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Zhongyi Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Xiao He
- Department of Mammary, The Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Xingwen Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Haiping Pei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China.
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21
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Bagati A, Koch Z, Bofinger D, Goli H, Weiss LS, Dau R, Thomas M, Zucker SN. A Modified In vitro Invasion Assay to Determine the Potential Role of Hormones, Cytokines and/or Growth Factors in Mediating Cancer Cell Invasion. J Vis Exp 2015:51480. [PMID: 25938644 PMCID: PMC4541604 DOI: 10.3791/51480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood serum serves as a chemoattractant towards which cancer cells migrate and invade, facilitating their intravasation into microvessels. However, the actual molecules towards which the cells migrate remain elusive. This modified invasion assay has been developed to identify targets which drive cell migration and invasion. This technique compares the invasion index under three conditions to determine whether a specific hormone, growth factor, or cytokine plays a role in mediating the invasive potential of a cancer cell. These conditions include i) normal fetal bovine serum (FBS), ii) charcoal-stripped FBS (CS-FBS), which removes hormones, growth factors, and cytokines and iii) CS-FBS + molecule (denoted "X"). A significant change in cell invasion with CS-FBS as compared to FBS, indicates the involvement of hormones, cytokines or growth factors in mediating the change. Individual molecules can then be added back to CS-FBS to assay their ability to reverse or rescue the invasion phenotype. Furthermore, two or more factors can be combined to evaluate the additive or synergistic effects of multiple molecules in driving or inhibiting invasion. Overall, this method enables the investigator to determine whether hormones, cytokines, and/or growth factors play a role in cell invasion by serving as chemoattractants or inhibitors of invasion for a particular type of cancer cell or a specific mutant. By identifying specific chemoattractants and inhibitors, this modified invasion assay may help to elucidate signaling pathways that direct cancer cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archis Bagati
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute
| | - Zethan Koch
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Social and Administrative Sciences, School of Pharmacy, D'Youville College
| | - Diane Bofinger
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Social and Administrative Sciences, School of Pharmacy, D'Youville College
| | - Haneesha Goli
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Social and Administrative Sciences, School of Pharmacy, D'Youville College
| | - Laura S Weiss
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Social and Administrative Sciences, School of Pharmacy, D'Youville College
| | - Rosie Dau
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Social and Administrative Sciences, School of Pharmacy, D'Youville College
| | - Megha Thomas
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Social and Administrative Sciences, School of Pharmacy, D'Youville College
| | - Shoshanna N Zucker
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Social and Administrative Sciences, School of Pharmacy, D'Youville College;
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22
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Guo Q, Xia B, Zhang F, Richardson MM, Li M, Zhang JS, Chen F, Zhang XA. Tetraspanin CO-029 inhibits colorectal cancer cell movement by deregulating cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesions. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38464. [PMID: 22679508 PMCID: PMC3367972 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in tetraspanin CO-029 expression are associated with the progression and metastasis of cancers in the digestive system. However, how CO-029 promotes cancer metastasis is still poorly understood. To determine the mechanism, we silenced CO-029 expression in HT29 colon cancer cells and found that the CO-029 knockdown significantly reduced cell migratory ability. The diminished cell migration was accompanied by the upregulation of both integrin-dependent cell-matrix adhesion on laminin and calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion. The cell surface levels of laminin-binding integrin α3β1 and fibronectin-integrin α5β1 were increased while the level of CD44 was decreased upon CO-029 silencing. These changes contribute to the altered cell-matrix adhesion. The deregulated cell-cell adhesion results, at least partially, from increased activity of cadherins and reduced level of MelCAM. In conclusion, CO-029 functions as a regulator of both cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesion. During colon cancer progression, CO-029 promotes cancer cell movement by deregulating cell adhesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiusha Guo
- Vascular Biology and Cancer Centers and Departments of Medicine and Molecular Science, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University Medical School, Wuhan, China
- Internal Medicine, Renal Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Bing Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University Medical School, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail: (XAZ); (BX)
| | - Feng Zhang
- Vascular Biology and Cancer Centers and Departments of Medicine and Molecular Science, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Mekel M. Richardson
- Vascular Biology and Cancer Centers and Departments of Medicine and Molecular Science, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Minghao Li
- Vascular Biology and Cancer Centers and Departments of Medicine and Molecular Science, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Julian S. Zhang
- Vascular Biology and Cancer Centers and Departments of Medicine and Molecular Science, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Feng Chen
- Internal Medicine, Renal Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Xin A. Zhang
- Vascular Biology and Cancer Centers and Departments of Medicine and Molecular Science, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail: (XAZ); (BX)
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23
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Biazik JM, Jahn KA, Su Y, Wu YN, Braet F. Unlocking the ultrastructure of colorectal cancer cells in vitro using selective staining. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16:2743-53. [PMID: 20533594 PMCID: PMC2883130 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i22.2743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To characterise differences between three widely used colorectal cancer cell lines using ultrastructural selective staining for glycogen to determine variation in metastatic properties.
METHODS: Transmission electron microscopy was used in this investigation to help identify intracellular structures and morphological features which are precursors of tumor invasion. In addition to morphological markers, we used selective staining of glycogen as a marker for neoplastic cellular proliferation and determined whether levels of glycogen change between the three different cell lines.
RESULTS: Ultrastructural analysis revealed morphological differences between the cell lines, as well as differentiation into two sub-populations within each cell line. Caco-2 cells contained large glycogen deposits as well as showing the most obvious morphological changes between the two sub-populations. SW480 cells also contained large glycogen stores as well as deep cellular protrusions when grown on porous filter membranes. HT-29 cells had trace amounts of glycogen stores with few cellular projections into the filter pores and no tight junction formation.
CONCLUSION: Morphology indicative of metastatic properties coincided with larger glycogen deposits, providing strong evidence for the use of selective staining to determine the neoplastic properties of cells.
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Psahoulia FH, Moumtzi S, Roberts ML, Sasazuki T, Shirasawa S, Pintzas A. Quercetin mediates preferential degradation of oncogenic Ras and causes autophagy in Ha-RAS-transformed human colon cells. Carcinogenesis 2006; 28:1021-31. [PMID: 17148506 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgl232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Several food polyphenols act as chemopreventers by reducing the incidence of many types of cancer, especially in colon epithelia. In this study, we have investigated whether the flavonoid quercetin can modulate cell proliferation and survival by targeting key molecules and/or biological processes responsible for tumor cell properties. The effect of quercetin on the expression of Ras oncoproteins was specifically studied using systems of either constitutive or conditional expression of oncogenic RAS in human epithelial cells. Our findings suggest that quercetin inhibits cell viability as well as cancer cell properties like anchorage-independent growth. These findings were further supported at the molecular level, since quercetin treatment resulted in a preferential reduction of Ras protein levels in cell lines expressing oncogenic Ras proteins. Notably, in cells that only express wild-type Ras or in those where the oncogenic Ras allele was knocked out, quercetin had no evident effects upon Ras levels. We have shown that quercetin drastically reduces half-life of oncogenic Ras but has no effect when the cells are treated with a proteasome inhibitor. Moreover, in Ha-RAS-transformed cells, quercetin induces autophagic processes. Since quercetin downregulates the levels of oncogenic Ras in cancer cells, we propose that this flavonoid could act as a chemopreventive agent for cancers with frequent mutations of RAS genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiy H Psahoulia
- Laboratory of Signal Mediated Gene Expression, Institute of Biological Research and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vas. Konstantinou Avenue, Athens 11635, Greece
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Eccles SA, Box C, Court W. Cell migration/invasion assays and their application in cancer drug discovery. BIOTECHNOLOGY ANNUAL REVIEW 2005; 11:391-421. [PMID: 16216785 DOI: 10.1016/s1387-2656(05)11013-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Invasive capacity is the single most important trait that distinguishes benign from malignant lesions. Tumour cells, during intravasation and extravasation of blood and lymphatic channels and when establishing colonies at secondary sites, must move through tissue boundaries that normal adult cells (other than, for example activated leukocytes) do not cross. Similar mechanisms are also utilised by activated endothelial cells during the generation of new blood vessels that enable the sustained growth and dissemination of tumours. It is now increasingly recognised that these processes--cell motility and invasion--might provide a rich source of novel targets for cancer therapy and that appropriate inhibitors may restrain both metastasis and neoangiogenesis. This new paradigm demands screening assays that can rapidly and quantitatively measure cell movement and the ability to traverse physiological barriers. We also need to consider whether simple reductionist in vitro approaches can reliably model the complexity of in vivo tumour invasion/neoangiogenesis. There are both opportunities and challenges ahead in developing a balanced portfolio of assays that will be able to evaluate accurately and finally deliver novel anti-invasive agents with therapeutic potential for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne A Eccles
- Tumour Biology and Metastasis, Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, McElwain Laboratories, Institute of Cancer Research, Cotswold Road, Belmont, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK.
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26
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Ogawa M, Jing H, Kitts DD, Nakai S, Nakamura S. In vitro anti-cancer activities in Caco-2 and HCT-116 cells of recombinant cystatin C prepared by a Pichia expression system. J Med Food 2004; 6:317-22. [PMID: 14977439 DOI: 10.1089/109662003772519868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Caco-2 and HCT-116 cells were used to access growth-inhibition and anti-invasion activity of recombinant cystatin C expressed in Pichia pastoris X33, G12W/H86V. The mutant G12W/H86V prepared by a pilot plant production system showed more than 10% growth inhibition of Caco-2 cells at 0.56-56 nM concentrations. Growth-inhibited cells had lower cathepsin L activity than the control cells that were not treated with the inhibitor. Conversely, the cathepsin B activity was not changed by treatment with G12W/H86V. The in vitro anti-invasion test using HCT-116 cells showed that G12W/H86V suppressed the cell invasion by 15%, while its wild-type cystatin, aspartic protease inhibitor pepstatin A, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor MMP-2/MMP-9 inhibitor III did not suppress cell invasion. These results indicate that the recombinant cystatin C with higher protease inhibitory activity effectively retards the growth and invasiveness of human colon carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Ogawa
- Food, Nutrition and Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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27
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Pellegrino T, Parak WJ, Boudreau R, Le Gros MA, Gerion D, Alivisatos AP, Larabell CA. Quantum dot-based cell motility assay. Differentiation 2003; 71:542-8. [PMID: 14686951 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-0436.2003.07109006.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Motility and migration are measurable characteristics of cells that are classically associated with the invasive potential of cancer cells, but in vitro assays of invasiveness have been less than perfect. We previously developed an assay to monitor cell motility and migration using water-soluble CdSe/ZnS nanocrystals; cells engulf the fluorescent nanocrystals as they crawl across them and leave behind a fluorescent-free trail. We show here that semiconductor nanocrystals can also be used as a sensitive two-dimensional in vitro invasion assay. We used this assay to compare the behavior of seven different adherent human cell lines, including breast epithelial MCF 10A, breast tumor MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-435S, MCF 7, colon tumor SW480, lung tumor NCI H1299, and bone tumor Saos-2, and observed two distinct behaviors of cancer cells that can be used to further categorize these cells. Some cancer cell lines demonstrate fibroblastic behaviors and leave long fluorescent-free trails as they migrate across the dish, whereas other cancer cells leave clear zones of varying sizes around their periphery. This assay uses fluorescence detection, requires no processing, and can be used in live cell studies. These features contribute to the increased sensitivity of this assay and make it a powerful new tool for discriminating between non-invasive and invasive cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Pellegrino
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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28
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Rösmann S, Hahn D, Lottaz D, Kruse MN, Stöcker W, Sterchi EE. Activation of human meprin-alpha in a cell culture model of colorectal cancer is triggered by the plasminogen-activating system. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:40650-8. [PMID: 12189145 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m206203200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of latent proenzymes is an important mechanism for the regulation of localized proteolytic activity. Human meprin-alpha, an astacin-like zinc metalloprotease expressed in normal colon epithelial cells, is secreted as a zymogen into the intestinal lumen. Here, meprin is activated after propeptide cleavage by trypsin. In contrast, colorectal cancer cells secrete meprin-alpha in a non-polarized way, leading to accumulation and increased activity of meprin-alpha in the tumor stroma. We have analyzed the activation mechanism of promeprin-alpha in colorectal cancer using a co-culture model of the intestinal mucosa composed of colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2) cultivated on filter supports and intestinal fibroblasts grown in the companion dish. We provide evidence that meprin-alpha is activated by plasmin and show that the presence of plasminogen in the basolateral compartment of the co-cultures is sufficient for promeprin-alpha activation. Analysis of the plasminogen-activating system in the co-cultures revealed that plasminogen activators produced and secreted by fibroblasts converted plasminogen to active plasmin, which in turn generated active meprin-alpha. This activation mechanism offers an explanation for the observed meprin-alpha activity in the tumor stroma, a prerequisite for a potential role of this protease in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Rösmann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Berne, Bühlstrasse 28, CH-3012 Berne, Switzerland
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29
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Kermorgant S, Aparicio T, Dessirier V, Lewin MJ, Lehy T. Hepatocyte growth factor induces colonic cancer cell invasiveness via enhanced motility and protease overproduction. Evidence for PI3 kinase and PKC involvement. Carcinogenesis 2001; 22:1035-42. [PMID: 11408346 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/22.7.1035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour progression to the metastatic phenotype is mainly dependent on tumour cell invasiveness. Cell migration is a crucial step in this process. Here we investigate the effect of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) on the induction of in vitro invasiveness of poorly aggressive Caco-2 colonic cancer epithelial cells. Invasion assays through a Matrigel barrier were performed. Proteases were assessed by zymography, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting. Caco-2 cells were found to express HGF receptor but not HGF and to secrete several proteases, namely matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), MMP-2, possibly MMP-9 and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA). Exogenous HGF promoted invasiveness of Caco-2 cells through an artificial basement membrane matrix and enhanced their production of proteases. In addition, analyses of media at the end of invasion assays indicated that anti-HGF antibody inhibited protease production in parallel with cell invasion. The involvement of proteases in the HGF-induced invasion process was further investigated using either a synthetic general MMP inhibitor or neutralizing antibodies against MMPs or uPA. All components significantly inhibited HGF-promoted cell invasion. Moreover, specific inhibitors of PKCalpha/beta1 and PI3 kinase also decreased both HGF-promoted cell invasion and protease expression in invasion assay media. Thus, our findings provide evidence that the process of HGF-activated invasiveness of Caco-2 cells involves PI3 kinase and PKC and results from close association of two events, stimulation of cell motile activity and concomitant overproduction of proteases, which permits cell migration through a degraded extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kermorgant
- Unités INSERM U 10 and U 410, IFR Cellules Epithéliales, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, 16 Rue Henri Huchard, BP 416, 75870 Paris, Cedex 18, France
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Fujimoto K, Sheng H, Shao J, Beauchamp RD. Transforming growth factor-beta1 promotes invasiveness after cellular transformation with activated Ras in intestinal epithelial cells. Exp Cell Res 2001; 266:239-49. [PMID: 11399052 DOI: 10.1006/excr.2000.5229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Invasion is a defining event in carcinoma progression. In general, invasive carcinoma is characterized by an epithelial-fibroblastoid conversion associated with loss of cell-cell adhesion receptors such as E-cadherin and beta-catenin. We report here that TGF-beta1 promotes the invasiveness by modulating the alterations of cellular plasticity including a loss of cell-cell contact in Ras-transformed epithelial cells. In order to examine the role of TGF-beta1 in the Ras-induced responses, intestinal epithelial cells expressing a conditionally activated Ha-Ras(Val12) (RIE-iRas cells) were used in this study. Induced expression of activated Ha-Ras(Val12) caused morphologic transformation of the RIE-iRas cells with an increase in vimentin expression and a decrease of E-cadherin levels. There was also redistribution of beta-catenin from the cytoplasm to the nucleus after the induction of Ras. TGF-beta1 treatment enhanced both the decrease in E-cadherin levels and the redistribution of beta-catenin. Interestingly, the activation of Ras markedly decreased the level of TGF-beta receptor type II (TbetaRII) in RIE-iRas cells. However, the expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, which is known to be transcriptionally induced by TGF-beta1, was strongly induced by TGF-beta1 despite the marked downregulation of TbetaRII. The induction of Ha-Ras(Val12) markedly increased the invasiveness in RIE-iRas cells, as evaluated by a collagen type I-coated Boyden-chamber assay, and the Ras-mediated invasiveness was significantly enhanced by TGF-beta1 treatment. Expression of a dominant-negative form of TbetaRII in the RIE-iRas cells abrogated both growth-inhibitory and invasion responses to TGF-beta1. Collectively, these results suggest that TGF-beta1 and oncogenic Ras collaborate in promoting cellular invasiveness in intestinal epithelial cells. The enhancement of invasiveness was correlated with decreased E-cadherin levels and subcellular distribution of beta-catenin. The enhancement of oncogenic Ras-mediated cell transformation by TGF-beta1 occurs via TbetaRII.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Fujimoto
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
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31
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Gottardi CJ, Wong E, Gumbiner BM. E-cadherin suppresses cellular transformation by inhibiting beta-catenin signaling in an adhesion-independent manner. J Cell Biol 2001; 153:1049-60. [PMID: 11381089 PMCID: PMC2174337 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.153.5.1049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 422] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
E-cadherin is a tumor suppressor protein with a well-established role in cell-cell adhesion. Adhesion could contribute to tumor suppression either by physically joining cells or by facilitating other juxtacrine signaling events. Alternatively, E-cadherin tumor suppressor activity could result from binding and antagonizing the nuclear signaling function of beta-catenin, a known proto-oncogene. To distinguish between an adhesion- versus a beta-catenin signaling-dependent mechanism, chimeric cadherin constructs were expressed in the SW480 colorectal tumor cell line. Expression of wild-type E-cadherin significantly inhibits the growth of this cell line. Growth inhibitory activity is retained by all constructs that have the beta-catenin binding region of the cytoplasmic domain but not by E-cadherin constructs that exhibit adhesive activity, but lack the beta-catenin binding region. This growth suppression correlates with a reduction in beta-catenin/T cell factor (TCF) reporter gene activity. Importantly, direct inhibition of beta-catenin/TCF signaling inhibits the growth of SW480 cells, and the growth inhibitory activity of E-cadherin is rescued by constitutively activated forms of TCF. Thus, the growth suppressor activity of E-cadherin is adhesion independent and results from an inhibition of the beta-catenin/TCF signaling pathway, suggesting that loss of E-cadherin expression can contribute to upregulation of this pathway in human cancers. E-cadherin-mediated growth suppression was not accompanied by overall depletion of beta-catenin from the cytosol and nucleus. This appears to be due to the existence of a large pool of cytosolic beta-catenin in SW480 cells that is refractory to both cadherin binding and TCF binding. Thus, a small pool of beta-catenin that can bind TCF (i.e., the transcriptionally active pool) can be selectively depleted by E-cadherin expression. The existence of functionally distinct pools of cytosolic beta-catenin suggests that there are mechanisms to regulate beta-catenin signaling in addition to controlling its level of accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara J. Gottardi
- Cellular Biochemistry and Biophysics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021
| | - Ellen Wong
- Cellular Biochemistry and Biophysics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021
| | - Barry M. Gumbiner
- Cellular Biochemistry and Biophysics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021
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Van Hoorde L, Pocard M, Maryns I, Poupon MF, Mareel M. Induction of invasion in vivo of alpha-catenin-positive HCT-8 human colon-cancer cells. Int J Cancer 2000; 88:751-8. [PMID: 11072244 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0215(20001201)88:5<751::aid-ijc11>3.0.co;2-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Variants from the HCT-8 colon-cancer cell line were implanted s.c. and orthotopically into nude mice. Well-differentiated HCT-8/E11 and HCT-8/E41 cells have a functional E-cadherin-catenin complex and are non-invasive into pre-cultured chick heart fragments in vitro, whereas poorly differentiated HCT-8/E11R1 cells are deficient in alpha-catenin protein and invasive in heart fragments. We investigated whether these differences were maintained in vivo. In contrast with in vitro observations, in vivo the 3 HCT-8 variants behaved very similarly and all formed undifferentiated tumors. The in vivo invasive behavior of HCT-8 cells was site-dependently modulated: HCT-8 cells invaded when injected into the cecum but not when injected s.c. Metastases to the liver or lungs were not observed. The composition and expression of the E-cadherin-catenin complex in nude mouse HCT-8 tumors was the same as in HCT-8 cells in culture on solid substrate. We conclude that the in vivo invasive behavior of HCT-8 cells is not determined by whether alpha-catenin is expressed or not but by as yet unidentified host factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Van Hoorde
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancerology, Department of Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
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