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Caremani M, Marcello M, Morotti I, Pertici I, Squarci C, Reconditi M, Bianco P, Piazzesi G, Lombardi V, Linari M. The force of the myosin motor sets cooperativity in thin filament activation of skeletal muscles. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1266. [DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04184-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractContraction of striated muscle is regulated by a dual mechanism involving both thin, actin-containing filament and thick, myosin-containing filament. Thin filament is activated by Ca2+ binding to troponin, leading to tropomyosin displacement that exposes actin sites for interaction with myosin motors, extending from the neighbouring stress-activated thick filaments. Motor attachment to actin contributes to spreading activation along the thin filament, through a cooperative mechanism, still unclear, that determines the slope of the sigmoidal relation between isometric force and pCa (−log[Ca2+]), estimated by Hill coefficient nH. We use sarcomere-level mechanics in demembranated fibres of rabbit skeletal muscle activated by Ca2+ at different temperatures (12–35 °C) to show that nH depends on the motor force at constant number of attached motors. The definition of the role of motor force provides fundamental constraints for modelling the dynamics of thin filament activation and defining the action of small molecules as possible therapeutic tools.
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Karpicheva OE. Hallmark Features of the Tropomyosin
Regulatory Function in Several Variants of Congenital Myopathy. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093021030133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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3
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Lambert M, Claeyssen C, Bastide B, Cieniewski‐Bernard C. O-GlcNAcylation as a regulator of the functional and structural properties of the sarcomere in skeletal muscle: An update review. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 228:e13301. [PMID: 31108020 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although the O-GlcNAcylation process was discovered in 1984, its potential role in the physiology and physiopathology of skeletal muscle only emerged 20 years later. An increasing number of publications strongly support a key role of O-GlcNAcylation in the modulation of important cellular processes which are essential for skeletal muscle functions. Indeed, over a thousand of O-GlcNAcylated proteins have been identified within skeletal muscle since 2004, which belong to various classes of proteins, including sarcomeric proteins. In this review, we focused on these myofibrillar proteins, including contractile and structural proteins. Because of the modification of motor and regulatory proteins, the regulatory myosin light chain (MLC2) is related to several reports that support a key role of O-GlcNAcylation in the fine modulation of calcium activation parameters of skeletal muscle fibres, depending on muscle phenotype and muscle work. In addition, another key function of O-GlcNAcylation has recently emerged in the regulation of organization and reorganization of the sarcomere. Altogether, this data support a key role of O-GlcNAcylation in the homeostasis of sarcomeric cytoskeleton, known to be disturbed in many related muscle disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Lambert
- Univ. Lille, EA 7369 ‐ URePSSS ‐ Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société Lille France
| | - Charlotte Claeyssen
- Univ. Lille, EA 7369 ‐ URePSSS ‐ Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société Lille France
| | - Bruno Bastide
- Univ. Lille, EA 7369 ‐ URePSSS ‐ Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société Lille France
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Pineda-Sanabria SE, Robertson IM, Sun YB, Irving M, Sykes BD. Probing the mechanism of cardiovascular drugs using a covalent levosimendan analog. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 92:174-84. [PMID: 26853943 PMCID: PMC4831045 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
One approach to improve contraction in the failing heart is the administration of calcium (Ca2 +) sensitizers. Although it is known that levosimendan and other sensitizers bind to troponin C (cTnC), their in vivo mechanism is not fully understood. Based on levosimendan, we designed a covalent Ca2 + sensitizer (i9) that targets C84 of cTnC and exchanged this complex into cardiac muscle. The NMR structure of the covalent complex showed that i9 binds deep in the hydrophobic pocket of cTnC. Despite slightly reducing troponin I affinity, i9 enhanced the Ca2 + sensitivity of cardiac muscle. We conclude that i9 enhances Ca2 + sensitivity by stabilizing the open conformation of cTnC. These findings provide new insights into the in vivo mechanism of Ca2 + sensitization and demonstrate that directly targeting cTnC has significant potential in cardiovascular therapy. A Ca2 + sensitizer, i9 was designed that forms a covalent bond with C84 of cTnC. i9 stabilized the open state of the N-domain of cTnC. The structure of the covalent cTnC-cTnI-i9 complex was solved by NMR. The structure showed that i9 binds deep in the hydrophobic pocket of cTnC. Despite slightly reducing cTnI affinity, i9 enhanced the Ca2 + sensitivity of cardiac muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra E Pineda-Sanabria
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Ian M Robertson
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Yin-Biao Sun
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Malcolm Irving
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Brian D Sykes
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
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Khodabukus A, Baar K. The effect of serum origin on tissue engineered skeletal muscle function. J Cell Biochem 2015; 115:2198-207. [PMID: 25146978 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle phenotype is regulated by a complex interaction between genetic, hormonal, and electrical inputs. However, because of the interrelatedness of these factors in vivo it is difficult to determine the importance of one over the other. Over the last 5 years, we have engineered skeletal muscles in the European Union (EU) and the United States (US) using the same clone of C2C12 cells. Strikingly, the dynamics of contraction of the muscles was dramatically different. Therefore, in this study we sought to determine whether the hormonal milieu (source of fetal bovine serum (FBS)) could alter engineered muscle phenotype. In muscles engineered in serum of US origin time-to-peak tension (2.2-fold), half relaxation (2.6-fold), and fatigue resistance (improved 25%) all showed indications of a shift towards a slower phenotype. Even though there was a dramatic shift in the rate of contraction, myosin heavy chain expression was the same. The contraction speed was instead related to a shift in calcium release/sensitivity proteins (DHPR = 3.1-fold lower, slow CSQ = 3.4-fold higher, and slow TnT = 2.4-fold higher) and calcium uptake proteins (slow SERCA = 1.7-fold higher and parvalbumin = 41-fold lower). These shifts in calcium dynamics were accompanied by a partial shift in metabolic enzymes, but could not be explained by purported regulators of muscle phenotype. These data suggest that hormonal differences in serum of USDA and EU origin cause a shift in calcium handling resulting in a dramatic change in engineered muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair Khodabukus
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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Pineda-Sanabria SE, Julien O, Sykes BD. Versatile cardiac troponin chimera for muscle protein structural biology and drug discovery. ACS Chem Biol 2014; 9:2121-30. [PMID: 25010113 DOI: 10.1021/cb500249j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Investigation of the molecular interactions within and between subunits of the heterotrimeric troponin complex, and with other proteins in the sarcomere, has revealed salient structural elements involved in regulation of muscle contraction. The discovery of new cardiotonic drugs and structural studies utilizing intact troponin, or regulatory complexes formed between the key regions identified in troponin C and troponin I, face intrinsic and technical difficulties associated with weak protein-protein interactions and with solubility, aggregation, stability of the overall architecture, isotope labeling, and size, respectively. We have designed and characterized a chimeric troponin C-troponin I hybrid protein with a cleavable linker that is useful for producing isotopically labeled troponin peptides, stabilizes their interaction, and has proven to be a faithful representation of the original complex in the systolic state, but lacking its disadvantages, making it particularly suitable for drug screening and structural studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra E. Pineda-Sanabria
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, 4-19 Medical
Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta Canada, T6G 2H7
| | - Olivier Julien
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, 4-19 Medical
Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta Canada, T6G 2H7
| | - Brian D. Sykes
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, 4-19 Medical
Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta Canada, T6G 2H7
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Mounier Y, Tiffreau V, Montel V, Bastide B, Stevens L. Phenotypical transitions and Ca2+activation properties in human muscle fibers: effects of a 60-day bed rest and countermeasures. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2009; 106:1086-99. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.90695.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle biopsies were taken from soleus and vastus lateralis before and after a 60-day bed rest (BR) to examine expression changes in the regulatory proteins of the thin filament and in contractile function. Twenty-four women separated in three groups were submitted to BR or a combined protocol of resistance and aerobic exercises during BR or received a supplementation of amino acids during BR. Ca2+-tension relationships were established in single skinned fibers identified by their myosin heavy chain and troponin C isoform expressions. Expression patterns of regulatory proteins were analyzed on muscle pieces. For both muscles, BR produced similar decreases in slow and fast fiber diameters but larger decreases in P0maximal forces in slow than in fast fibers. Specific forces were decreased in slow soleus and vastus fibers, which displayed a reduction in Ca2+affinity. These changes were accompanied by slow-to-fast transitions in regulatory proteins, with troponins C and T appearing as sensitive markers of unloading. Exercises prevented the changes in fiber diameters and forces and counteracted most of the slow-to-fast transitions. The nutrition program had a morphological beneficial effect on slow fibers. However, these fibers still presented decreases in specific P0after BR. Phenotypical transitions due to BR were not prevented by amino acids. Finally, in vastus lateralis muscle, BR induced a decrease in O-glycosylation level that was prevented by exercise and attenuated by nutrition. In conclusion, this study has addressed for the first time in women the respective efficiencies of two countermeasures associated with BR on muscle properties and regulatory protein expression.
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Hedou J, Cieniewski-Bernard C, Leroy Y, Michalski JC, Mounier Y, Bastide B. O-linked N-acetylglucosaminylation is involved in the Ca2+ activation properties of rat skeletal muscle. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:10360-9. [PMID: 17289664 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m606787200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
O-Linked N-acetylglucosaminylation termed O-GlcNAc is a dynamic cytosolic and nuclear glycosylation that is dependent both on glucose flow through the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway and on phosphorylation because of the existence of a balance between phosphorylation and O-GlcNAc. This glycosylation is a ubiquitous post-translational modification, which probably plays an important role in many aspects of protein functions. We have previously reported that, in skeletal muscle, proteins of the glycolytic pathway, energetic metabolism, and contractile proteins were O-GlcNAc-modified and that O-Glc-NAc variations could control the muscle protein homeostasis and be implicated in the regulation of muscular atrophy. In this paper, we report O-N-acetylglucosaminylation of a number of key contractile proteins (i.e. myosin heavy and light chains and actin), which suggests that this glycosylation could be involved in skeletal muscle contraction. Moreover, our results showed that incubation of skeletal muscle skinned fibers in N-acetyl-d-glucosamine, in a concentration solution known to inhibit O-GlcNAc-dependent interactions, induced a decrease in calcium sensitivity and affinity of muscular fibers, whereas the cooperativity of the thin filament proteins was not modified. Thus, our results suggest that O-GlcNAc is involved in contractile protein interactions and could thereby modulate muscle contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Hedou
- Laboratoire de Plasticité Neuromusculaire, Unité de Neurosciences et Physiologie Adaptatives, UPRES EA 4052, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
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Kischel P, Bastide B, Muller M, Dubail F, Offredi F, Jin JP, Mounier Y, Martial J. Expression and functional properties of four slow skeletal troponin T isoforms in rat muscles. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2005; 289:C437-43. [PMID: 15788488 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00365.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the expression and functional properties of slow skeletal troponin T (sTnT) isoforms in rat skeletal muscles. Four sTnT cDNAs were cloned from the slow soleus muscle. Three isoforms were found to be similar to sTnT1, sTnT2, and sTnT3 isoforms described in mouse muscles. A new rat isoform, with a molecular weight slightly higher than that of sTnT3, was discovered. This fourth isoform had never been detected previously in any skeletal muscle and was therefore called sTnTx. From both expression pattern and functional measurements, it appears that sTnT isoforms can be separated into two classes, high-molecular-weight (sTnT1, sTnT2) and low-molecular-weight (sTnTx, sTnT3) isoforms. By comparison to the apparent migration pattern of the four recombinant sTnT isoforms, the newly described low-molecular-weight sTnTx isoform appeared predominantly and typically expressed in fast skeletal muscles, whereas the higher-molecular-weight isoforms were more abundant in slow soleus muscle. The relative proportion of the sTnT isoforms in the soleus was not modified after exposure to hindlimb unloading (HU), known to induce a functional atrophy and a slow-to-fast isoform transition of several myofibrillar proteins. Functional data gathered from replacement of endogenous troponin complexes in skinned muscle fibers showed that the sTnT isoforms modified the Ca2+activation characteristics of single skeletal muscle fibers, with sTnT2 and sTnT1 conferring a similar increase in Ca2+affinity higher than that caused by low-molecular-weight isoforms sTnTx and sTnT3. Thus we show for the first time the presence of sTnT in fast muscle fibers, and our data show that the changes in neuromuscular activity on HU are insufficient to alter the sTnT expression pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kischel
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Génie Génétique, Allée de la Chimie 3, Campus du Sart-Tilman, Bât. B6, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
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10
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Wang X, Li MX, Sykes BD. Structure of the regulatory N-domain of human cardiac troponin C in complex with human cardiac troponin I147-163 and bepridil. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:31124-33. [PMID: 12060657 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m203896200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac troponin C (cTnC) is the Ca(2+)-dependent switch for contraction in heart muscle and a potential target for drugs in the therapy of heart failure. Ca(2+) binding to the regulatory domain of cTnC (cNTnC) induces little structural change but sets the stage for cTnI binding. A large "closed" to "open" conformational transition occurs in the regulatory domain upon binding cTnI(147-163) or bepridil. This raises the question of whether cTnI(147-163) and bepridil compete for cNTnC.Ca(2+). In this work, we used two-dimensional (1)H,(15)N-heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) NMR spectroscopy to examine the binding of bepridil to cNTnC.Ca(2+) in the absence and presence of cTnI(147-163) and of cTnI(147-163) to cNTnC.Ca(2+) in the absence and presence of bepridil. The results show that bepridil and cTnI(147-163) bind cNTnC.Ca(2+) simultaneously but with negative cooperativity. The affinity of cTnI(147-163) for cNTnC.Ca(2+) is reduced approximately 3.5-fold by bepridil and vice versa. Using multinuclear and multidimensional NMR spectroscopy, we have determined the structure of the cNTnC.Ca(2+).cTnI(147-163).bepridil ternary complex. The structure reveals a binding site for cTnI(147-163) primarily located on the A/B interhelical interface and a binding site for bepridil in the hydrophobic pocket of cNTnC.Ca(2+). In the structure, the N terminus of the peptide clashes with part of the bepridil molecule, which explains the negative cooperativity between cTnI(147-163) and bepridil for cNTnC.Ca(2+). This structure provides insights into the features that are important for the design of cTnC-specific cardiotonic drugs, which may be used to modulate the Ca(2+) sensitivity of the myofilaments in heart muscle contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Canadian Institutes for Health Research Group in Protein Structure and Function, Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
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Stevens L, Bastide B, Kischel P, Pette D, Mounier Y. Time-dependent changes in expression of troponin subunit isoforms in unloaded rat soleus muscle. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2002; 282:C1025-30. [PMID: 11940518 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00252.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study focuses on the effects of mechanical unloading of rat soleus muscle on the isoform patterns of the three troponin (Tn) subunits: troponin T (TnT), troponin I (TnI), and troponin C (TnC). Mechanical unloading was achieved by hindlimb unloading (HU) for time periods of 7, 15, and 28 days. Relative concentrations of slow and fast TnT, TnI, and TnC isoforms were assessed by electrophoretic and immunoblot analyses. HU induced profound slow-to-fast isoform transitions of all Tn subunits, although to different extents and with different time courses. The effectiveness of the isoform transitions was higher for TnT than for TnI and TnC. Indeed, TnI and TnC encompassed minor partial exchanges of slow isoforms with their fast counterparts, whereas the expression pattern of fast TnT isoforms (TnTf) was largely increased after HU. Moreover, slow and fast isoforms of the different Tn were not affected in the same manner by HU. This suggests that the slow and fast counterparts of the Tn subunit isoforms are regulated independently in response to HU. The changes in TnTf composition occurred in parallel with previously demonstrated transitions within the pattern of the fast myosin heavy chains in the same muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Stevens
- Laboratoire de Plasticité Neuromusculaire, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, F-59655 Villeneuve d' Ascq, France.
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Abusamhadneh E, Abbott MB, Dvoretsky A, Finley N, Sasi S, Rosevear PR. Interaction of bepridil with the cardiac troponin C/troponin I complex. FEBS Lett 2001; 506:51-4. [PMID: 11591369 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(01)02790-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the binding of bepridil to calcium-saturated cardiac troponin C in a cardiac troponin C/troponin I complex. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and [(15)N,(2)H]cardiac troponin C permitted the mapping of bepridil-induced amide proton chemical shifts. A single bepridil-binding site in the regulatory domain was found with an affinity constant of approximately 140 microM(-1). In the presence of cardiac troponin I, bepridil binding to the C domain of cardiac troponin C was not detected. The pattern of bepridil-induced chemical shifts is consistent with stabilization of more open regulatory domain conformational states. A similar pattern of chemical shift perturbations was observed for interaction of the troponin I cardiac-specific amino-terminus with the cardiac troponin C regulatory domain. These results suggest that both bepridil and the cardiac-specific amino-terminus may mediate an increase in calcium affinity by interacting with and stabilizing open regulatory domain conformations. Chemical shift mapping suggests a possible role for inactive calcium-binding site I in the modulation of calcium affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Abusamhadneh
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, 231 Albert B. Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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