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Lauri A, Soliman D, Omar M, Stelzl A, Ntziachristos V, Westmeyer GG. Whole-Cell Photoacoustic Sensor Based on Pigment Relocalization. ACS Sens 2019; 4:603-612. [PMID: 30663315 PMCID: PMC6434508 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b01319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
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Photoacoustic
(optoacoustic) imaging can extract molecular information
with deeper tissue penetration than possible by fluorescence microscopy
techniques. However, there is currently still a lack of robust genetically
controlled contrast agents and molecular sensors that can dynamically
detect biological analytes of interest with photoacoustics. In a biomimetic
approach, we took inspiration from cuttlefish who can change their
color by relocalizing pigment-filled organelles in so-called chromatophore
cells under neurohumoral control. Analogously, we tested the use of
melanophore cells from Xenopus laevis, containing compartments (melanosomes) filled with strongly absorbing
melanin, as whole-cell sensors for optoacoustic imaging. Our results
show that pigment relocalization in these cells, which is dependent
on binding of a ligand of interest to a specific G protein-coupled
receptor (GPCR), can be monitored in vitro and in vivo using photoacoustic
mesoscopy. In addition to changes in the photoacoustic signal amplitudes,
we could furthermore detect the melanosome aggregation process by
a change in the frequency content of the photoacoustic signals. Using
bioinspired engineering, we thus introduce a photoacoustic pigment
relocalization sensor (PaPiReS) for molecular photoacoustic imaging
of GPCR-mediated signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Lauri
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg D-85764, Germany
- Institute of Developmental Genetics (IDG), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg D-85764, Germany
| | - Dominik Soliman
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg D-85764, Germany
| | - Murad Omar
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg D-85764, Germany
| | - Anja Stelzl
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg D-85764, Germany
- Institute of Developmental Genetics (IDG), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg D-85764, Germany
| | - Vasilis Ntziachristos
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg D-85764, Germany
| | - Gil G. Westmeyer
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg D-85764, Germany
- Institute of Developmental Genetics (IDG), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg D-85764, Germany
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Ovais M, Srivastava SK, Sumoona S, Mubashshir M. Evidence for the presence of novel β-melatonin receptors along with classical α-melatonin receptors in the fish Rasbora daniconius (Ham.). J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2014; 35:238-48. [PMID: 25137035 DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2014.951896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The effects of melatonin (MT) were examined on the isolated scale melanophores from dorso-lateral (D-L) and band regions of a tropical fish Rasbora daniconius. Our study primarily aimed for further depiction of the signaling receptors involved in MT mediated pigment translocations in the fish. Melanophore Size Index (MSI) was employed as a recording parameter for the responses of melanophores to MT and various antagonists. MT has induced aggregation as well as dispersion in D-L region and aggregation in band region melanophores during summer season. During winter, MT-induced responses were only of aggregatory type in D-L region, while in the band region there was an increase in the sensitivity. The responses of the melanophores to MT were reversible. The aggregation of innervated melanophores induced by MT on the D-L and band regions was partially mediated through the neurotransmitters released under the influence of MT and partially by the specific MT receptors. Luzindole and K185 have completely blocked the aggregatory responses of D-L and band region melanophores. Aggregatory receptors may be of the conventional α-MT type. Dispersion of D-L and band region melanophores induced by MT in the presence of various antagonists and on denervated band region could be the result of activation of β-MT receptors of dispersive nature. Presence of α and β MT receptors is thus indicated in this fish melanophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Ovais
- a Department of Biosciences , Barkatullah University , Bhopal , Madhya Pradesh , India and
| | | | - Safia Sumoona
- a Department of Biosciences , Barkatullah University , Bhopal , Madhya Pradesh , India and
| | - Muhammad Mubashshir
- b The Sven Loven Centre for Marine Sciences , University of Gothenburg , Fiskebackskil , Sweden
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Nguyen M, Poudel MK, Stewart AM, Kalueff AV. Skin too thin? The developing utility of zebrafish skin (neuro)pharmacology for CNS drug discovery research. Brain Res Bull 2013; 98:145-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Stewart AM, Cachat J, Gaikwad S, Robinson KS, Gebhardt M, Kalueff AV. Perspectives on experimental models of serotonin syndrome in zebrafish. Neurochem Int 2013; 62:893-902. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2013.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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5-HT receptor subtypes as key targets in mediating pigment dispersion within melanophores of teleost, Oreochromis mossambicus. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2012.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Schneider H, Fritzky L, Williams J, Heumann C, Yochum M, Pattar K, Noppert G, Mock V, Hawley E. Cloning and expression of a zebrafish 5-HT(2C) receptor gene. Gene 2012; 502:108-17. [PMID: 22521866 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Revised: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The 5-HT(2C) receptor is one of 14 different serotonin (5-HT) receptors that control neural function and behavior. Here, we present the entire sequence of a zebrafish 5-HT(2C) receptor cDNA including the 3' untranslated region and the previously unknown 5' untranslated region. The cloned 5-HT(2C) receptor gene is located on chromosome 7, is approximately 202 kbp long, and contains six exons. The coding region of the gene is 1557 bp long and flanked by a 504 bp 5' UTR and a 1474 bp 3' UTR. The deduced protein sequence of 518 amino acids aligns with orthologs of other vertebrates and is 54% identical to the human and mouse 5-HT(2C) receptor protein sequences. The region of the cDNA that encodes the 2nd cytoplasmic loop of the protein shows a 66% identity with vertebrate orthologs and clearly identifies the gene as a 5-HT(2C) receptor gene. Coupling sites for beta-arrestin and calmodulin are conserved in zebrafish. In-situ hybridization shows that the receptor is expressed in the brain and spinal cord including areas such as the olfactory bulb, the dorsal thalamus, the posterior tuberculum, the hypothalamus and the medulla oblongata. Reverse Transcriptase-PCR experiments indicate that the receptor gene can also be active in other tissues such as skin, ovaries, and axial muscle of adult zebrafish. Expression of the 5-HT(2C) receptor during ontogeny was found as early as 2.5 hpf. Five edited adenines in the region of the human, rat and mouse mRNA that encodes the 2nd cytoplasmic loop are conserved in the zebrafish transcript. However, RNA editing was not detected in the zebrafish. The results characterize the zebrafish 5-HT(2C) receptor gene and gene expression pattern for the first time. The similarities to mammalian 5-HT(2C) receptor genes suggest the use of zebrafish for the study of 5-HT(2C) receptor function in behavior, development and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Schneider
- DePauw University, Department of Biology, Greencastle, IN 46135, USA.
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Ali SA, Salim S, Sahni T, Peter J, Ali AS. 5-HT receptors as novel targets for optimizing pigmentary responses in dorsal skin melanophores of frog, Hoplobatrachus tigerinus. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 165:1515-25. [PMID: 21880033 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01630.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Biochemical identification of 5-HT has revealed similar projection patterns across vertebrates. In CNS, 5-HT regulates major physiological functions but its peripheral functions are still emerging. The pharmacology of 5-HT is mediated by a diverse range of receptors that trigger different responses. Interestingly, 5-HT receptors have been detected in pigment cells indicating their role in skin pigmentation. Hence, we investigated the role of this monoaminergic system in amphibian pigment cells, melanophores, to further our understanding of its role in pigmentation biology together with its evolutionary significance. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Pharmacological profiling of 5-HT receptors was achieved using potent/selective agonists and antagonists. In vitro responses of melanophores were examined by Mean Melanophores Size Index assay. The melanophores of lower vertebrates are highly sensitive to external stimuli. The immediate cellular responses to drugs were defined in terms of pigment translocation within the cells. KEY RESULTS 5-HT exerted strong concentration-dependent pigment dispersion at threshold dose of 1 × 10(-6) g·mL(-1). Specific 5-HT(1) and 5-HT(2) receptor agonists, sumatriptan and myristicin. also induced dose-dependent dispersion. Yohimbine and metergoline synergistically antagonized sumatriptan-mediated dispersion, whereas trazodone partially blocked myristicin-induced dispersion. Conversely, 5-HT(3) and 5-HT(4) receptor agonists, 1 (3 chlorophenyl) biguanide (1,3 CPB) and 5-methoxytryptamine (5-MT), caused a dose-dependent pigment aggregation. The aggregatory effect of 1,3 CPB was completely blocked by ondansetron, whereas L-lysine partially blocked the effect of 5-MT. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The results suggest that 5-HT-induced physiological effects are mediated via distinct classes of receptors, which possibly participate in the modulation of pigmentary responses in amphibian.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharique A Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Saifia College of Science, Bhopal, India.
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Salim S, Ali SA. Vertebrate melanophores as potential model for drug discovery and development: a review. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2011; 16:162-200. [PMID: 21225472 PMCID: PMC6275700 DOI: 10.2478/s11658-010-0044-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug discovery in skin pharmacotherapy is an enormous, continually expanding field. Researchers are developing novel and sensitive pharmaceutical products and drugs that target specific receptors to elicit concerted and appropriate responses. The pigment-bearing cells called melanophores have a significant contribution to make in this field. Melanophores, which contain the dark brown or black pigment melanin, constitute an important class of chromatophores. They are highly specialized in the bidirectional and coordinated translocation of pigment granules when given an appropriate stimulus. The pigment granules can be stimulated to undergo rapid dispersion throughout the melanophores, making the cell appear dark, or to aggregate at the center, making the cell appear light. The major signals involved in pigment transport within the melanophores are dependent on a special class of cell surface receptors called G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Many of these receptors of adrenaline, acetylcholine, histamine, serotonin, endothelin and melatonin have been found on melanophores. They are believed to have clinical relevance to skin-related ailments and therefore have become targets for high throughput screening projects. The selective screening of these receptors requires the recognition of particular ligands, agonists and antagonists and the characterization of their effects on pigment motility within the cells. The mechanism of skin pigmentation is incredibly intricate, but it would be a considerable step forward to unravel its underlying physiological mechanism. This would provide an experimental basis for new pharmacotherapies for dermatological anomalies. The discernible stimuli that can trigger a variety of intracellular signals affecting pigment granule movement primarily include neurotransmitters and hormones. This review focuses on the role of the hormone and neurotransmitter signals involved in pigment movement in terms of the pharmacology of the specific receptors.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Drug Discovery
- Hypothalamic Hormones/metabolism
- Melanins/metabolism
- Melanocortins/metabolism
- Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones/metabolism
- Melanophores/metabolism
- Pituitary Hormones/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic/chemistry
- Receptors, Adrenergic/metabolism
- Receptors, Cholinergic/chemistry
- Receptors, Cholinergic/metabolism
- Receptors, Endothelin/chemistry
- Receptors, Endothelin/metabolism
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/agonists
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Receptors, Histamine/chemistry
- Receptors, Histamine/metabolism
- Receptors, Melatonin/agonists
- Receptors, Melatonin/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Melatonin/metabolism
- Receptors, Serotonin/chemistry
- Receptors, Serotonin/metabolism
- Vertebrates
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Salim
- Postgraduate Department of Biotechnology, Saifia College of Science Bhopal, Saifia, 462001 India
| | - Sharique A. Ali
- Postgraduate Department of Biotechnology, Saifia College of Science Bhopal, Saifia, 462001 India
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Sultan T, Ali SA. Psoralea corylifolia extracts stimulate cholinergic-like psoralen receptors of tadpole-tail melanophores, leading to skin darkening. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2010; 31:39-44. [PMID: 20863173 DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2010.508164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The present work was carried out to determine the effects of lyophilized seed extracts of Psoralea corylifolia along with pure psoralen, its active ingredient on the isolated tail-piece melanophores of Bufo melanostictus, a type of disguised smooth muscle cells, which offer excellent in vitro opportunities for studying the effects of pharmacological and pharmaceutical agents. In the present study, it was found that lyophilized extract of P. corylifolia and its active ingredient psoralen induced powerful, dose-dependent, physiologically significant melanin dispersal effects in the isolated tail melanophores of B. melanostictus, which were completely blocked by atropine as well as hyoscine. The per se melanin dispersal effects of lyophilized extracts of P. corylifolia and its active ingredient psoralen were highly potentiated by neostigmine. It appears that the melanin dispersal effects of the extracts of P. corylifolia and psoralen are mediated by cholino-muscarinic or cholino-psoralen like receptors having similar properties that need to be studied further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahira Sultan
- Department of Biotechnology, Saifia College of Science and Education, Bhopal, India
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10
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Abstract
Insomnia, which is severe enough to warrant treatment, occurs in approximately 10% of the general population. It is associated with a range of adverse consequences for human health, economic productivity and quality of life. In animal and human studies, administration of melatonin has been reported to promote sleep, although there has been controversy regarding its effectiveness. The present study used a chronically implanted radiotelemetry transmitter to record electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram (EMG) to enable discrimination of wake (W), nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in un-restrained rats. The acute action of melatonin and ramelteon, a melatonin agonist recently approved for long-term treatment of insomnia in the USA, was examined. Radioligand binding assays on recombinant human MT(1)/MT(2) receptors showed that both the melatonin and ramelteon were both high affinity, nonsubtype selective ligands. Both compounds acted as potent full agonists on a cellular model of melatonin action, the pigment aggregation response in Xenopus laevis melanophores. Both melatonin and ramelteon (10 mg/kg, i/p), administered close to the mid-point of the dark phase of the L:D cycle, significantly reduced NREM sleep latency (time from injection to the appearance of NREM sleep). Both the drugs also produced a short-lasting increase in NREM sleep duration, but the NREM power spectrum was unaltered. Neither drug altered REM latency, REM sleep duration nor power spectrum during REM sleep. In conclusion, ramelteon administration, like melatonin, exerted an acute, short-lasting sleep-promoting effect in the rat, the model most commonly used to evaluate the activity of novel hypnotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon P Fisher
- Division of Reproduction and Endocrinology, School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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