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Auricular Acupuncture to Lower Blood Pressure Involves the Adrenal Gland in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:3720184. [PMID: 33273952 PMCID: PMC7695492 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3720184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Auricular acupuncture is used to treat cardiac-related diseases such as hypertension. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of auricular acupuncture on blood pressure (BP) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). The treatment group (TG) received auricular electroacupuncture (EA) at the auricle heart (CO15) and auricle shenmen (TEF3) points. Heart rate (HR) and BP, GABA-A expression, catecholamine, and neurotransmitter levels were measured. The HR was reduced after 7 auricular EA treatments compared with controls (all p < 0.05). Systolic BP and diastolic BP also decreased immediately and throughout the treatments compared with controls (all p < 0.05). The reduction of BP and HR was reversed by bicuculline injection 30 min before auricular EA treatment (all p < 0.05). GABA levels in the adrenal gland were higher with auricular EA treatment compared with the control group at 4 h (p < 0.05). Levels of serum noradrenaline and adrenaline were reduced at 15 min after final auricular EA treatment compared with the normal control group (both p < 0.05). The lowering of BP and HR by auricular EA is possibly mediated via vagal afferents from the concha to the nucleus of the solitary tract. After signal integration in the medulla oblongata, it may be transmitted through sympathetic efferent or vagal efferent or through multiple signaling pathways simultaneously to the atrionector of heart and the adrenal medulla. Further study is warranted.
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Ditting T, Freisinger W, Siegel K, Fiedler C, Small L, Neuhuber W, Heinlein S, Reeh PW, Schmieder RE, Veelken R. Tonic Postganglionic Sympathetic Inhibition Induced by Afferent Renal Nerves? Hypertension 2012; 59:467-76. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.111.185538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tilmann Ditting
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine 4-Nephrology and Hypertension (T.D., W.F., K.S., C.F., L.S., S.H., R.E.S., R.V.), Anatomy I (W.N.), and Physiology 1 (P.W.R.), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Freisinger
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine 4-Nephrology and Hypertension (T.D., W.F., K.S., C.F., L.S., S.H., R.E.S., R.V.), Anatomy I (W.N.), and Physiology 1 (P.W.R.), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kirsten Siegel
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine 4-Nephrology and Hypertension (T.D., W.F., K.S., C.F., L.S., S.H., R.E.S., R.V.), Anatomy I (W.N.), and Physiology 1 (P.W.R.), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Fiedler
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine 4-Nephrology and Hypertension (T.D., W.F., K.S., C.F., L.S., S.H., R.E.S., R.V.), Anatomy I (W.N.), and Physiology 1 (P.W.R.), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lisa Small
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine 4-Nephrology and Hypertension (T.D., W.F., K.S., C.F., L.S., S.H., R.E.S., R.V.), Anatomy I (W.N.), and Physiology 1 (P.W.R.), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Winfried Neuhuber
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine 4-Nephrology and Hypertension (T.D., W.F., K.S., C.F., L.S., S.H., R.E.S., R.V.), Anatomy I (W.N.), and Physiology 1 (P.W.R.), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sonja Heinlein
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine 4-Nephrology and Hypertension (T.D., W.F., K.S., C.F., L.S., S.H., R.E.S., R.V.), Anatomy I (W.N.), and Physiology 1 (P.W.R.), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter W. Reeh
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine 4-Nephrology and Hypertension (T.D., W.F., K.S., C.F., L.S., S.H., R.E.S., R.V.), Anatomy I (W.N.), and Physiology 1 (P.W.R.), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Roland E. Schmieder
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine 4-Nephrology and Hypertension (T.D., W.F., K.S., C.F., L.S., S.H., R.E.S., R.V.), Anatomy I (W.N.), and Physiology 1 (P.W.R.), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Roland Veelken
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine 4-Nephrology and Hypertension (T.D., W.F., K.S., C.F., L.S., S.H., R.E.S., R.V.), Anatomy I (W.N.), and Physiology 1 (P.W.R.), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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Dario A, Pisani R, Sangiorgi S, Pessina F, Tomei G. Relationship between intrathecal baclofen and the central nervous system. ACTA NEUROCHIRURGICA. SUPPLEMENT 2007; 97:461-4. [PMID: 17691410 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-211-33079-1_60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The GABA(B) receptor agonists display a number of pharmacological effects including central muscle relaxation, decreased self-administration of cocaine and narcotic drugs, antinociception, cognitive impairment as well as enhancement of synaptic plasticity. The main relationships between intrathecal or intracerebral baclofen and the Central Nervous System (CNS) are reviewed with particular attention to actions on pain, epilepsy and basal ganglia regulation. Since baclofen may be involved in synaptic plasticity and the development of neuronal pathways, the main issues of this field are reviewed with particular attention to the effects of baclofen on the developing brain. The role of baclofen in the regulation of movement has not been clearly understood, but recent findings support its important involvement in globus pallidus and subthalamic nucleus. The neuroprotective action of baclofen in cerebral ischemia is a matter of debate. The effects of baclofen in cognition and attention are another important issue because patients with chronic intrathecal baclofen (ITB) administration often present with impairment of cognitive functions. Drug craving and its improvement after baclofen administration is also reviewed. Finally, the clinically interesting results on the regulation of food intake and blood pressure are highlighted. The preliminary experience on the effects in cortical neuron viability at different concentrations of ITB is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dario
- Neurosurgical Clinic and Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Insubria University, Varese, Italy.
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Cloutier F, Ongali B, Deschamps K, Brouillette J, Neugebauer W, Couture R. Upregulation of tachykinin NK-1 and NK-3 receptor binding sites in the spinal cord of spontaneously hypertensive rat: impact on the autonomic control of blood pressure. Br J Pharmacol 2006; 148:25-38. [PMID: 16491095 PMCID: PMC1617045 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2005] [Accepted: 01/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
1 Effects of intrathecally (i.t.) injected tachykinin NK-1 and -3 receptor agonists and antagonists were measured on mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) in awake unrestrained spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR,15-week-old) and age-matched Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY). Quantitative in vitro autoradiography was also performed on the lower thoracic spinal cord of both strains and Wistar rats using specific radioligands for NK-1 receptor ([(125)I]HPP[Arg(3),Sar(9),Met(O(2))(11)]SP (3-11)) and NK-3 receptor ([(125)I]HPP-Asp-Asp-Phe-N-MePhe-Gly-Leu-Met-NH(2)). 2 The NK-1 agonist [Sar(9),Met(O(2))(11)]SP (650 and 6500 pmol) decreased MAP and increased HR in WKY. The fall in MAP was blunted in SHR and substituted by increases in MAP (65-6500 pmol) and more sustained tachycardia. The NK-3 agonist senktide (6.5-65 pmol) evoked marked increases in MAP and HR (SHR>>>WKY), yet this response was rapidly desensitized. Cardiovascular effects of [Sar(9),Met(O(2))(11)]SP (650 pmol) and senktide (6.5 pmol) were selectively blocked by the prior i.t. injection of LY303870 (NK-1 antagonist, 65 nmol) and SB235375 (NK-3 antagonist, 6.5 nmol), respectively. Antagonists had no direct effect on MAP and HR in both strains. 3 Densities of NK-1 and -3 receptor binding sites were significantly increased in all laminae of the spinal cord in SHR when compared to control WKY and Wistar rats. The dissociation constant was however not affected in SHR for both NK-1 (K(d)=2.5 nM) and NK-3 (K(d)=5 nM) receptors. 4 Data highlight an upregulation of NK-1 and -3 receptor binding sites in the thoracic spinal cord of SHR that may contribute to the hypersensitivity of the pressor response to agonists and to the greater sympathetic activity seen in this model of arterial hypertension.
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MESH Headings
- Acetates/administration & dosage
- Acetates/pharmacology
- Animals
- Autonomic Nervous System/physiopathology
- Autoradiography
- Blood Pressure
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Heart Rate
- Hypertension/physiopathology
- Indoles/administration & dosage
- Indoles/pharmacology
- Injections, Spinal
- Male
- Peptide Fragments/administration & dosage
- Peptide Fragments/pharmacology
- Piperidines/administration & dosage
- Piperidines/pharmacology
- Quinolines/administration & dosage
- Quinolines/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred SHR
- Rats, Inbred WKY
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Neurokinin-1/analysis
- Receptors, Neurokinin-1/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Neurokinin-1/drug effects
- Receptors, Neurokinin-3/analysis
- Receptors, Neurokinin-3/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Neurokinin-3/drug effects
- Spinal Cord/drug effects
- Spinal Cord/metabolism
- Substance P/administration & dosage
- Substance P/analogs & derivatives
- Substance P/pharmacology
- Thoracic Vertebrae
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Cloutier
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Brice Ongali
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Kathleen Deschamps
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Jonathan Brouillette
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Witold Neugebauer
- Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada JIH 5N4
| | - Réjean Couture
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
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