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Gui T, Li H, Zhu F, Wang Q, Zhou X, Xue Q. Different dosage regimens of erenumab for the treatment of migraine: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of randomized controlled trials. Headache 2022; 62:1281-1292. [PMID: 36373822 DOI: 10.1111/head.14423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Migraine is a worldwide epidemic neurological disorder that has a significant influence on the quality of life. Migraine attacks are considered to be related to a calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) signaling molecule, and anti-CGRP medications are used to abort and prevent migraine attacks. Erenumab, a monoclonal antibody that targets the CGRP receptor, is the first migraine preventive medication approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. In the present study, we evaluate the efficacy and safety of erenumab. OBJECTIVE This study aims to systematically assess the efficacy and safety of erenumab as a migraine preventive treatment compared to a placebo. METHODS Randomized, placebo-controlled, single or double-blind trials were searched through MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov up to May 2022. The efficacy outcomes we collected include changes from baseline on monthly migraine days, monthly acute migraine-specific medication days, ≥50% responder rate, ≥75% responder rate, and 100% responder rate at week 12. Safety outcomes include treatment emergent adverse events, serious adverse events, and any adverse event that leads to discontinuation of treatment. The study was registered with PROSPERO (Registry number: CRD42022338861). RESULT In all eight included trials, we found that erenumab (28, 70, and 140 mg) is very effective and has a significantly greater reduction in baseline monthly migraine days (28 mg: mean difference [MD] = -1.1, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -2.0 to -0.2, p = 0.020; 70 mg: MD = -1.4, 95% CI: -1.8 to -1.1, p < 0.001, I2 = 26%; 140 mg: MD = -1.8, 95% CI: -2.1 to -1.4, p < 0.001, I2 = 0%) than placebo at week 12, especially with 140 mg. Otherwise, we found that there were no statistical differences in the occurrence of adverse events (7 mg: risk ratio [RR] = 0.9, 95% CI: 0.7 to 1.2, p = 0.570; 21 mg: RR = 1.0, 95% CI: 0.8 to 1.2, p = 0.730; 28 mg: RR = 0.9, 95% CI: 0.7 to 1.1, p = 0.340; 70 mg: RR = 1.0, 95% CI: 0.9 to 1.0, p = 0.230, I2 = 0%; 140 mg: RR = 1.0, 95% CI: 0.9 to 1.1, p = 0.880, I2 = 40%) between the erenumab and placebo groups. CONCLUSIONS In our study, we found that erenumab, especially at the dose of 140 mg, is an effective and well-tolerated preventive treatment for migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Gui
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Quan Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhou
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qun Xue
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Zhang C, Wu JY, Deng DL, He BY, Tao Y, Niu YM, Deng MH. Efficacy of splint therapy for the management of temporomandibular disorders: a meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:84043-84053. [PMID: 27823980 PMCID: PMC5356643 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a group of clinical problems affecting temporomandibular joint (TMJ), myofascial muscles and other related structures. Splint therapy is the most commonly used approach to treatment of TMD, but its effectiveness is remains unclear. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of splint therapy for TMD in adults. The electronic databases PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for reports published up to March 31, 2016. Thirteen eligible studies involving 538 patients were identified. The results indicated that splint therapy increased maximal mouth opening (MMO) for patients with a MMO <45mm and reduced pain intensity measured using the visual analogue scale (VAS) for patients with TMD without specific description (TMDSD). Splint therapy also reduced the frequency of painful episodes for patients with TMJ clicking. No publication bias was observed, as determined with Egger's test for all outcomes. On the basis of this evidence, we recommend the use of splints for the treatment and control of TMD in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, South Renmin Road, Shiyan, China
| | - Jun-Yi Wu
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, South Renmin Road, Shiyan, China.,School of Stomatology, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Dong-Lai Deng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing-Yang He
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Tao
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, South Renmin Road, Shiyan, China
| | - Yu-Ming Niu
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, South Renmin Road, Shiyan, China.,Department of Stomatology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Mo-Hong Deng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Leger CS, DeSouza JFX. Migraine Modulation and Debut after Percutaneous Atrial Septal Defect Closure: A Review. Front Neurol 2017; 8:68. [PMID: 28373854 PMCID: PMC5357661 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Change in migraine headache (MH)-preexisting MH change or development of de novo MH-are known potential complications following percutaneous closure of atrial septal defect (ASD), but consensus on a causal trigger remains elusive. OBJECTIVES To expose potential MH triggers linked, mainly by timing and occurrence, to the emergence of de novo MH or change in preexisting MH subsequent to percutaneous ASD closure (pASDC). METHODS The literature was systematically searched for studies available in English reporting MH status after pASDC published between January 1, 1990 and November 15, 2015. We determined the number and percentage of patients experiencing MH status change within 7 days post procedure and the cumulative total by final follow-up (Mdn = 12 months). RESULTS Twenty-five studies met the inclusion criteria, which accounted for a total of 1,646 pASDC patients. Pre-procedure MH prevalence was 8% (126/1,646). Change in preexisting MH occurred in a total of 72% (91/126), 12% (11/91) within 7-days after pASDC; within follow-up MH improved in 14% (18/126), resolved in 37% (47/126), but persisted in 63% (79/126). De novo MH incidence ranged between 10 (153/1,520) and 18.3% (153/836); 34% incipience (52/153) was within 7-days of pASDC; females accounted for 80% (63/79) of gender differentiated cases; of type distinguished cases, 42% (51/122) were MH without aura (MO) and 58% (71/122) were MH with aura (MA); MH improved in 10% (16/153), resolved in 24% (37/153) but persisted beyond final follow-up in 76% (116/153). Antiplatelet agents were effective modulators of MH in 44% (11/25) studies. Possible adverse MH-predisposing traits were scarce: larger ASD size reported in ~2% (39/1,646) of patients experiencing de novo MH or preexisting MH exacerbation; short aortic rim reported in three de novo MH patients; allergic response to occluder nickel alloy in four patients with MH status change from baseline (de novo or preexisting MH change not specified). INTERPRETATION Early intensification of MH status change but later amelioration (virtually paralleling stages of endothelialization), relatively high efficacy of antiplatelet agents, and the emergence of MA as the dominant de novo MH type favor proinflammatory triggers of MH status change after pASDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Stevens Leger
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joseph F. X. DeSouza
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Neuroscience Diploma, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Canadian Action and Perception Network (CAPnet), Toronto, ON, Canada
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Wan D, Wang D, Sun Q, Song Y, Jiang Y, Li R, Ye J. Antinociception of spirocyclopiperazinium salt compound LXM-10-M targeting α7 nicotinic receptor and M4 muscarinic receptor and inhibiting CaMKIIα/CREB/CGRP signaling pathway in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 770:92-8. [PMID: 26658370 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the antinociception of spirocyclopiperazinium salt compound LXM-10-M (2,4-dimethyl-9-β-m-hydroxyphenylethyl-3-oxo-6, 9-diazaspiro [5.5] undecane chloride) in thermal and chemical pain models, and further to explore the molecular target and potential signal pathway. We assessed the antinociception of LXM-10-M in hot-plate test, formalin test and acetic acid writhing test in mice. The possible changes of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIα (CaMKIIα)/cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB)/calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) signaling pathway were detected by Western Blot in mice. Administration of LXM-10-M produced significant antinociception in hot-plate test, formalin test and acetic acid writhing test in mice, with no obvious toxicity. The antinociceptive effects were blocked by pretreatment with methyllycaconitine citrate (MLA, α7 nicotinic receptor antagonist) or tropicamide (TRO, M4 muscarinic receptor antagonist). Western blot analysis showed that the upregulations of p-CaMKIIα, p-CREB and CGRP in the spinal cord were reduced by LXM-10-M in chemical pain model in mice, and the effects were blocked by MLA or TRO pretreatment. This is the first paper to report that LXM-10-M exerted significant antinociception, which may be attributed to the activation of α7 nicotinic receptor and M4 muscarinic receptor and thereby triggering the inhibition of CaMKIIα/CREB/CGRP signaling pathway in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ding Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Song
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - YiMin Jiang
- Medical and Healthy Analysis Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - RunTao Li
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Ye
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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Gupta VK. CSD, BBB and MMP-9 elevations: animal experiments versus clinical phenomena in migraine. Expert Rev Neurother 2014; 9:1595-614. [DOI: 10.1586/ern.09.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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6
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Diabetes mellitus associated cardiovascular signalling alteration: A need for the revisit. Cell Signal 2013; 25:1149-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Tozzi A, de Iure A, Di Filippo M, Costa C, Caproni S, Pisani A, Bonsi P, Picconi B, Cupini LM, Materazzi S, Geppetti P, Sarchielli P, Calabresi P. Critical role of calcitonin gene-related peptide receptors in cortical spreading depression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:18985-90. [PMID: 23112192 PMCID: PMC3503217 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1215435109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical spreading depression (CSD) is a key pathogenetic step in migraine with aura. Dysfunctions of voltage-dependent and receptor-operated channels have been implicated in the generation of CSD and in the pathophysiology of migraine. Although a known correlation exists between migraine and release of the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), the possibility that CGRP is involved in CSD has not been examined in detail. We analyzed the pharmacological mechanisms underlying CSD and investigated the possibility that endogenous CGRP contributes to this phenomenon. CSD was analyzed in rat neocortical slices by imaging of the intrinsic optical signal. CSD was measured as the percentage of the maximal surface of a cortical slice covered by the propagation of intrinsic optical signal changes during an induction episode. Reproducible CSD episodes were induced through repetitive elevations of extracellular potassium concentration. AMPA glutamate receptor antagonism did not inhibit CSD, whereas NMDA receptor antagonism did inhibit CSD. Blockade of voltage-dependent sodium channels by TTX also reduced CSD. CSD was also decreased by the antiepileptic drug topiramate, but not by carbamazepine. Interestingly, endogenous CGRP was released in the cortical tissue in a calcium-dependent manner during CSD, and three different CGRP receptor antagonists had a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on CSD, suggesting a critical role of CGRP in this phenomenon. Our findings show that both glutamate NMDA receptors and voltage-dependent sodium channels play roles in CSD. They also demonstrate that CGRP antagonism reduces CSD, supporting the possible use of drugs targeting central CGRP receptors as antimigraine agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Tozzi
- Clinica Neurologica, Università di Perugia, 06156 Perugia, Italy
- Laboratorio di Neurofisiologia, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio de Iure
- Clinica Neurologica, Università di Perugia, 06156 Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Cinzia Costa
- Clinica Neurologica, Università di Perugia, 06156 Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Caproni
- Clinica Neurologica, Università di Perugia, 06156 Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonio Pisani
- Laboratorio di Neurofisiologia, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Bonsi
- Laboratorio di Neurofisiologia, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Picconi
- Laboratorio di Neurofisiologia, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Letizia M. Cupini
- Reparto di Neurologia, Ospedale Sant'Eugenio, 00144 Rome, Italy; and
| | - Serena Materazzi
- Dipartimento di Farmacologia Preclinica e Clinica and Centro Cefalee, Università di Firenze, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Geppetti
- Dipartimento di Farmacologia Preclinica e Clinica and Centro Cefalee, Università di Firenze, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Sarchielli
- Clinica Neurologica, Università di Perugia, 06156 Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Calabresi
- Clinica Neurologica, Università di Perugia, 06156 Perugia, Italy
- Laboratorio di Neurofisiologia, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, 00143 Rome, Italy
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Kyani A, Mehrabian M, Jenssen H. Quantitative structure-activity relationships and docking studies of calcitonin gene-related peptide antagonists. Chem Biol Drug Des 2011; 79:166-76. [PMID: 21974743 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2011.01252.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Defining the role of calcitonin gene-related peptide in migraine pathogenesis could lead to the application of calcitonin gene-related peptide antagonists as novel migraine therapeutics. In this work, quantitative structure-activity relationship modeling of biological activities of a large range of calcitonin gene-related peptide antagonists was performed using a panel of physicochemical descriptors. The computational studies evaluated different variable selection techniques and demonstrated shuffling stepwise multiple linear regression to be superior over genetic algorithm-multiple linear regression. The linear quantitative structure-activity relationship model revealed better statistical parameters of cross-validation in comparison with the non-linear support vector regression technique. Implementing only five peptide descriptors into this linear quantitative structure-activity relationship model resulted in an extremely robust and highly predictive model with calibration, leave-one-out and leave-20-out validation R(2) of 0.9194, 0.9103, and 0.9214, respectively. We performed docking of the most potent calcitonin gene-related peptide antagonists with the calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor and demonstrated that peptide antagonists act by blocking access to the peptide-binding cleft. We also demonstrated the direct contact of residues 28-37 of the calcitonin gene-related peptide antagonists with the receptor. These results are in agreement with the conclusions drawn from the quantitative structure-activity relationship model, indicating that both electrostatic and steric factors should be taken into account when designing novel calcitonin gene-related peptide antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahita Kyani
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 13145-1384, Tehran, Iran.
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Serotonin increases the functional activity of capsaicin-sensitive rat trigeminal nociceptors via peripheral serotonin receptors. Pain 2011; 152:2267-2276. [PMID: 21737202 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2011.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Revised: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral serotonin (5HT) has been implicated in migraine and temporomandibular pain disorders in humans and animal models and yet the mechanism(s) by which 5HT evokes pain remains unclear. Trigeminal pain can be triggered by activation of the transient receptor potential V1 channel (TRPV1), expressed by a subset of nociceptive trigeminal ganglia (TG) neurons and gated by capsaicin, noxious heat, and other noxious stimuli. As 5HT is released in the periphery during inflammation and evokes thermal hyperalgesia, and TRPV1 is essential for thermal hyperalgesia, we hypothesized that 5HT increases the activity of capsaicin-sensitive trigeminal neurons and that this increase can be attenuated by pharmacologically targeting peripheral 5HT receptors. TG cultures were pretreated with 5HT (10 nM-100 μM), sumatriptan (5HT(1B/1D) agonist), ketanserin (5HT(2A) antagonist), granisetron (5HT(3) antagonist), or vehicle prior to capsaicin (30-50 nM). Single-cell accumulation of intracellular calcium was recorded or calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) release was measured following each treatment. In addition, using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, we detected the colocalization of 5HT(1B), 5HT(1D), 5HT(2A), and 5HT(3A), but not 5HT(2C) mRNA with TRPV1 in TG cells. 5HT pretreatment evoked a significant increase in calcium accumulation in capsaicin-sensitive trigeminal neurons and enhanced capsaicin-evoked CGRP release, but had no significant effect when given alone. Sumatriptan, ketanserin, and granisetron treatment attenuated calcium accumulation and 5HT enhancement of capsaicin-evoked CGRP release. Together these results indicate that 5HT increases the activity of capsaicin-sensitive peripheral nociceptors, which can be attenuated by pharmacologically targeting peripheral 5HT receptors, thereby providing a mechanistic basis for peripheral craniofacial pain therapy.
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Efficacy and tolerability of pregabalin versus topiramate in the prophylaxis of chronic daily headache with analgesic overuse: an open-label prospective study. Clin Neuropharmacol 2011; 34:74-8. [PMID: 21412201 DOI: 10.1097/wnf.0b013e318210ecc9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Medication-overuse headache is one of the most disabling headaches. Antiepileptic drugs have been considered a promising strategy as prophylactic treatment in these patients, even if their use often has been limited by low tolerability or safety. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pregabalin compared with topiramate for the prophylaxis of chronic daily headache with medication overuse using an open-label prospective study. METHODS After a 2-month baseline period (T0), 100 consecutive patients with medication overuse headache were assigned to receive 150 mg/d pregabalin or 100 mg/d topiramate. After a titration period of 4 weeks, a follow-up visit was scheduled every 2 months (T1 and T2) to evaluate headache frequency, the amount of rescue medication intake, and disability. RESULTS Of the 46 pregabalin-treated patients, the mean monthly headache frequency significantly decreased from 21.8 ± 4.8 (T0) to 5.1 ± 3.8 (T2), and the monthly number of days with medication intake decreased from 15.1 ± 4.8 (T0) to 2.9 ± 1.9 (T2). Similarly, of the 42 topiramate-treated patients, the mean monthly headache frequency decreased from 21.8 ± 4.9 (T0) to 5.3 ± 3.5 (T2), and the mean monthly number of days with medication intake decreased from 15.1 ± 3.7 (T0) to 2.6 ± 1.5 (T2). A significant improvement of disability score was reported in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Similar to topiramate, pregabalin seems to be an effective and well-tolerated preventive therapy in chronic headache and a new option in the management of withdrawal from abused drugs in patients with analgesic overuse, a difficult-to-treat population.
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Waeber C, Hargreaves R. Current and emerging therapies for migraine prevention and treatment. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2010; 97:789-809. [PMID: 20816471 DOI: 10.1016/s0072-9752(10)97065-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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12
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Reyes-García MG, García-Tamayo F. A neurotransmitter system that regulates macrophage pro-inflammatory functions. J Neuroimmunol 2009; 216:20-31. [PMID: 19732963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2009.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2009] [Revised: 05/16/2009] [Accepted: 06/29/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters released through peripheral and autonomic nerves play an important role in the signaling from the cells of the nervous system to lymphocytes, macrophages and other cells of the immune system. Macrophages are related to numerous physiological and pathological inflammatory processes since their cytokines play an important role in the defensive responses against invasive microorganisms, atherosclerosis progress, insulin resistance, behavior deviation, hematopoiesis feedback, degenerative chronic diseases and the stimulation of the hypothalamus-hypophysis-adrenal axis. Production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by macrophages is the main target for the modulatory activity of diverse neurotransmitters. In this brief review, we show how some neurotransmitters released by the central or the autonomic nervous systems down-regulate peripheral macrophages' inflammatory functions to balance immune protective mechanisms, although they can also promote the collateral progress of diverse diseases. The possible therapeutic uses of some neurotransmitters and the agonists or antagonist of their respective receptors are included as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Guadalupe Reyes-García
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México DF, Mexico.
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Tepper SJ, Stillman MJ. Clinical and preclinical rationale for CGRP-receptor antagonists in the treatment of migraine. Headache 2009; 48:1259-68. [PMID: 18808506 DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2008.01214.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is linked to migraine and other primary headache disorders. It is found in every location described in migraine genesis and processing, including meninges, trigeminal ganglion, trigeminocervical complex, brainstem nuclei, and cortex. It is released in animal models following stimulation of the CNS similar to that seen in migraine, and triptans inhibit this release. Injection of CGRP into migraineurs results in delayed headache similar to migraine. Elevation of CGRP occurs during migraine, resolving following migraine-specific treatment. Finally, and most importantly, CGRP receptor antagonists terminate migraine with efficacy similar to triptans. Both intravenous olcegepant (BIBN 4096 BS) and oral telcagepant (MK-0974) have been effective, safe, and well tolerated in phase I and II studies. Telcagepant is currently in phase III trials, and preliminary results are favorable. The potential for a migraine-specific medication without vasoconstrictive or vascular side effects is enormous. CGRP receptor blockade may also have applications in other pathologic and pain syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stewart J Tepper
- Center for Headache and Pain, Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Hargreaves RJ, Lines CR, Rapoport AM, Ho TW, Sheftell FD. Ten years of rizatriptan: from development to clinical science and future directions. Headache 2009; 49 Suppl 1:S3-20. [PMID: 19161563 DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2008.01335.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The year 2008 marked the 10th anniversary since rizatriptan was first launched for the acute treatment of migraine. In this article we discuss the concepts that motivated the preclinical and clinical development of rizatriptan, the clinical evidence that has driven its use over the past decade, rizatriptan's overall contribution to the field, and future directions for research.
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Zidverc-Trajkovic J, Stanimirovic D, Obrenovic R, Tajti J, Vécsei L, Gardi J, Németh J, Mijajlovic M, Sternic N, Jankovic L. Calcitonin gene-related peptide levels in saliva of patients with burning mouth syndrome. J Oral Pathol Med 2008; 38:29-33. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2008.00721.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Lafont AG, Dufour S, Fouchereau-Peron M. Evolution of the CT/CGRP family: comparative study with new data from models of teleosts, the eel, and cephalopod molluscs, the cuttlefish and the nautilus. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2007; 153:155-69. [PMID: 17353015 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2007.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2006] [Revised: 01/22/2007] [Accepted: 01/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, alternative splicing of the calcitonin gene generates two distinct peptides: calcitonin (CT), synthesised in the thyroid C cells and involved in the regulation of calcium metabolism, and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), brain neuromediator synthesised in the peripheral and central nerves. CGRP is well represented and molecularly conserved during evolution whereas CT has not been detected in any of the invertebrates analysed so far. In order to better understand the evolution of this CT/CGRP peptide family we reviewed the major data concerning its evolution from the literature and our recent data obtained in models of teleosts and cephalopod molluscs. The presence of both CGRP-like molecules and its specific bindings sites in the central nervous system of eel, cuttlefish and nautilus, suggests that the brain neurotransmitter role of CGRP could represent an ancient role in metazoa, already present in cephalopods and conserved among vertebrates, as still observed in mammals. In contrast, the presence of CGRP specific binding sites, and not the peptide itself, in the gills suggests an endocrine role for CGRP, in cephalopods and teleosts, that may have been lost during the evolution of the tetrapod lineage. These data, and the absence of CT-like molecules that we observed in cephalopods, support the hypothesis that CGRP represents the ancestral molecule of the CT/CGRP family, appeared in metazoa before the vertebrate emergence. The distinction between CT and CGRP receptors appears to be an event posterior to the emergence of ecdysozoan and lophotrochozoan protostomes, probably in relation to the CT appearance. The evolution of the CT/CGRP peptide family is probably similar to the evolution of the CT/CGRP receptor family. In fact, the genic duplication that induced the appearance of the two separate molecules, CT and CGRP, may constitute an event close to that, which induced the appearance of the two specific receptors. These events remain to be further studied in order to better understand the peptide and receptor evolution of the CT/CGRP family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Gaëlle Lafont
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Département des Milieux et Peuplements Aquatiques, USM 0401, UMR 5178 CNRS/MNHN/UPMC, Biologie des Organismes Marins et Ecosystèmes, Station de Biologie Marine, 29900 Concarneau, France
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17
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Abstract
An understanding of the pathophysiology and pharmacology of migraine has been driven by astute clinical observations, elegant experimental medicine studies and importantly by the introduction of highly effective selective anti-migraine agents such as the Triptan 5-HT(1B/1D) agonists. New investigational migraine therapies such CGRP antagonists target key components of the trigeminal sensory neuroinflammatory response and show promise for the future. Cutting edge molecular profiling studies looking at gene expression during chronic pain are now being used to reveal the cell biology of pain and new potential therapeutic targets. Translational neuroimaging research can link the laboratory and the clinic and is now being used to help understand the neural systems biology of migraine. Research into migraine has generated sophisticated hypotheses that encompass primary CNS dysfunction, trigeminovascular activation, pain perception and activation of associated neural circuits involved in affective functions providing a rich framework within which to design and test future migraine treatment strategies.
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Ebersberger A, Takac H, Richter F, Schaible HG. Effect of sympathetic and parasympathetic mediators on the release of calcitonin gene-related peptide and prostaglandin E from rat dura mater, in vitro. Cephalalgia 2006; 26:282-9. [PMID: 16472334 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2982.2005.01035.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although not without controversy, an influence of the autonomic nervous system in headache is a matter for current debate. A possible contact site of autonomic and sensory nerves is the dura mater, where they form a dense network accompanying blood vessels. We investigated interactions between autonomic and nociceptive fibres by measuring release of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) from the dura mater, in vitro. The parasympathomimetic agent carbachol did not change basal release of CGRP or PGE2, whereas it diminished release induced by a mixture of inflammatory mediators. Norepinephrine did not change induced release of CGRP or PGE2, nor basal release of CGRP. However, basal release of PGE2 was enhanced by norepinephrine, and this enhancement was reduced by serotonin through 5-HT(1D) receptors. We conclude that sympathetic transmitters may control nociceptor sensitivity via increased basal PGE2 levels, a possible mechanism to facilitate headache generation. Parasympathetic transmitters may reduce enhanced nociceptor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ebersberger
- Department of Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany.
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Ambalavanar R, Moritani M, Moutanni A, Gangula P, Yallampalli C, Dessem D. Deep tissue inflammation upregulates neuropeptides and evokes nociceptive behaviors which are modulated by a neuropeptide antagonist. Pain 2005; 120:53-68. [PMID: 16359792 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2005.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2005] [Revised: 09/30/2005] [Accepted: 10/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Promising recent developments in the therapeutic value of neuropeptide antagonists have generated renewed importance in understanding the functional role of neuropeptides in nociception and inflammation. To explore this relationship we examined behavioral changes and primary afferent neuronal plasticity following deep tissue inflammation. One hour following craniofacial muscle inflammation ipsilateral as well as contralateral head withdrawal thresholds and ipsi- and contralateral hindpaw withdrawal thresholds were lowered and remained reduced for 28 days. Elevated levels of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) within the trigeminal ganglion temporally correlated with this mechanical allodynia. Inflammation also induced an increase in the number of CGRP and substance P (SP)-immunopositive trigeminal ganglion neurons innervating inflamed muscle but did not evoke a shift in the size distribution of peptidergic muscle afferent neurons. Trigeminal proprioceptive muscle afferent neurons situated within the brainstem in the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus did not express CGRP or SP prior to or following inflammation. Intravenous administration of CGRP receptor antagonist (8-37) two minutes prior to adjuvant injection blocked plasma extravasation and abolished both head and hindlimb mechanical allodynia. Local injection of CGRP antagonist directly into the masseter muscle prior to CFA produced similar, but less pronounced, effects. These findings indicate that unilateral craniofacial muscle inflammation produces mechanical allodynia at distant sites and upregulates CGRP and SP in primary afferent neurons innervating deep tissues. These data further implicate CGRP and SP in deep tissue nociceptive mechanisms and suggest that peptide antagonists may have therapeutic potential for musculoskeletal pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjinidevi Ambalavanar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, 666 West Baltimore Street, MD 21201, USA Department of Oral Anatomy and Neurobiology, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Texas, Galveston, TX 77555, USA Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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20
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Abstract
Basal studies have shown that calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a major sensory neuronal messenger in the trigeminovascular system, the pathway conveying intracranial pain. In migraine and cluster headache attacks, CGRP is released in parallel with the pain and successful treatment of the attacks abort both the associated pain and the CGRP release. The search for a potent small molecule CGRP antagonist has been successful and such an agent has been tested in preclinical and clinical studies. The aim of the present study was to examine current knowledge on the clinical pharmacology of systemic BIBN4096BS, which has been shown in man to abort acute migraine attacks as well or better than oral sumatriptan. BIBN4096BS is a specific and potent CGRP receptor antagonist in humans. In safety and tolerability studies the substance is well tolerated with no or only mild side effects. In acute migraine attacks the overall response was 66% with the drug and 27% with placebo. A difference as compared to placebo was seen at 30 min; the response was still rising at 4 h suggesting a long duration of action. At 24 h the pain-free rate was better than that with triptans, suggesting a lower grade of rebound and perhaps even a prophylactic possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Edvinsson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, S-221 85 Lund, Sweden.
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