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Li Y, Cui ZJ. Photodynamic Activation of Cholecystokinin 1 Receptor with Different Genetically Encoded Protein Photosensitizers and from Varied Subcellular Sites. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10101423. [PMID: 33050050 PMCID: PMC7601527 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholecystokinin 1 receptor (CCK1R) is activated by singlet oxygen (1O2) generated in photodynamic action with sulphonated aluminum phthalocyanine (SALPC) or genetically encoded protein photosensitizer (GEPP) KillerRed or mini singlet oxygen generator (miniSOG). A large number of GEPP with varied 1O2 quantum yields have appeared recently; therefore, in the present work, the efficacy of different GEPP to photodynamically activate CCK1R was examined, as monitored by Fura-2 calcium imaging. KillerRed, miniSOG, miniSOG2, singlet oxygen protein photosensitizer (SOPP), flavin-binding fluorescent protein from Methylobacterium radiotolerans with point mutation C71G (Mr4511C71G), and flavin-binding fluorescent protein from Dinoroseobacter shibae (DsFbFP) were expressed at the plasma membrane (PM) in AR4-2J cells, which express endogenous CCK1R. Light irradiation (KillerRed: white light 85.3 mW‧cm-2, 4' and all others: LED 450 nm, 85 mW·cm-2, 1.5') of GEPPPM-expressing AR4-2J was found to all trigger persistent calcium oscillations, a hallmark of permanent photodynamic CCK1R activation; DsFbFP was the least effective, due to poor expression. miniSOG was targeted to PM, mitochondria (MT) or lysosomes (LS) in AR4-2J in parallel experiments; LED light irradiation was found to all induce persistent calcium oscillations. In miniSOGPM-AR4-2J cells, light emitting diode (LED) light irradiation-induced calcium oscillations were readily inhibited by CCK1R antagonist devazepide 2 nM; miniSOGMT-AR4-2J cells were less susceptible, but miniSOGLS-AR4-2J cells were not inhibited. In conclusion, different GEPPPM could all photodynamically activate CCK1R. Intracellular GEPP photodynamic action may prove particularly suited to study intracellular GPCR.
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Gonzalez-Escobedo G, Gunn JS. In vitro modeling of gallbladder-associated Salmonella spp. colonization. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1225:227-35. [PMID: 25253258 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1625-2_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
The host-pathogen interactions occurring in the gallbladder during Salmonella Typhi colonization contribute to typhoid fever pathogenesis during the acute and chronic stages of disease. The gallbladder is the primary reservoir during chronic typhoid carriage. In this organ, Salmonella encounters host-barriers including bile, immunoglobulins, and mucus. However, the bacterium possesses mechanisms to resist and persist in this environment, in part by its ability to attach to and invade into the gallbladder epithelium. Such persistence in the gallbladder epithelium contributes to chronic carriage. In addition, patients harboring gallstones in their gallbladders have increased risk of becoming carriers because these abnormalities serve as a substrate for Salmonella biofilm formation. Our laboratory has studied the Salmonella interactions in this specific environment by developing in vitro methods that closely mimic the gallbladder and gallstones niches. These methods are reproducible and provide a platform for future studies of acute and chronic bacterial infections in the gallbladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Gonzalez-Escobedo
- Center for Microbial Interface Biology, Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, 460 W. 12th Ave., Biomedical Research Tower, Room 794, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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Furutani T, Masumoto T, Fukada H. Molecular cloning and tissue distribution of cholecystokinin-1 receptor (CCK-1R) in yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata and its response to feeding and in vitro CCK treatment. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2013; 186:1-8. [PMID: 23467070 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In vertebrates, the peptide cholecystokinin (CCK) is one of the most important neuroregulatory digestive hormones. CCK acts via CCK receptors that are classified into two subtypes, CCK-1 receptor (CCK-1R; formally CCK-A) and CCK-2 receptor (formally CCK-B). In particular, the CCK-1R is involved in digestion and is regulated by CCK. However, very little information is known about CCK-1R in fish. Therefore, we performed molecular cloning of CCK-1R cDNA from the digestive tract of yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed a high sequence identity between the cloned yellowtail CCK receptor cDNA and CCK-1R, which belongs to the CCK-1R cluster. Furthermore, the expression of yellowtail CCK receptor mRNA was observed in gallbladder, pyloric caeca, and intestines, similarly to CCK-1R mRNA expression in mammals, suggesting that the cloned cDNA is of CCK-1R from yellowtail. In in vivo experiments, the CCK-1R mRNA levels increased in the gallbladder and pyloric caeca after feeding, whereas in vitro, mRNA levels of CCK-1R and digestive enzymes in cultured pyloric caeca increased by the addition of CCK. These results suggest that CCK-1R plays an important role in digestion stimulated by CCK in yellowtail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Furutani
- Bioresource Production Science, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan.
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Barrett TD, Lagaud G, Wagaman P, Freedman JM, Yan W, Andries L, Rizzolio MC, Morton MF, Shankley NP. The cholecystokinin CCK2 receptor antagonist, JNJ-26070109, inhibits gastric acid secretion and prevents omeprazole-induced acid rebound in the rat. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 166:1684-93. [PMID: 22300007 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01878.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE JNJ-26070109 [(R)4-bromo-N-[1-(2,4-difluoro-phenyl)-ethyl]-2-(quinoxaline-5-sulfonylamino)-benzamide] is a novel antagonist at cholecystokinin CCK(2) receptors with good pharmacokinetic properties and represents a novel mechanism for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD). The purpose of the present study was to determine whether chronic treatment with JNJ-26070109 could prevent, as well as treat, acid rebound in rats. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH A chronic fistula was surgically inserted into the stomach of rats to enable the measurement of acid secretion under basal, pentagastrin and histamine-stimulated conditions. JNJ-26070109 and omeprazole were administered separately and in combination. KEY RESULTS Sustained administration of omeprazole alone and in combination with JNJ-26070109 inhibited gastric acid secretion by >90%. However, 3 days after withdrawing treatment, there was a rebound hypersecretion by ∼1.5-fold in omeprazole-treated animals. No such acid rebound was observed with JNJ-26070109 alone or with co-administration of JNJ-26070109 and omeprazole. The anti-trophic effects of JNJ-26070109 in the gastric mucosal paralleled the effects on acid rebound. Administration of JNJ-26070109 for 3 days after cessation of omeprazole prevented the occurrence of acid rebound. Interestingly, chronic, but not acute, treatment with JNJ-26070109 also inhibited histamine-stimulated acid secretion. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Chronic administration of JNJ-26070109 effectively inhibited gastric acid secretion and suppressed proton pump inhibitor (PPI)-induced acid rebound in the rat. This work advances the field by demonstrating that modest doses of a competitive CCK(2) receptor antagonist have significant and functionally important anti-trophic actions in the gastric mucosa. These properties make JNJ-26070109 a suitable candidate for clinical investigation for the treatment of GORD.
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Affiliation(s)
- T D Barrett
- Cardiovascular Metabolic Research, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, San Diego, CA, USA.
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Pippel M, Allison BD, Phuong VK, Li L, Morton MF, Prendergast C, Wu X, Shankley NP, Rabinowitz MH. Anthranilic sulfonamide CCK1/CCK2 dual receptor antagonists I: Discovery of CCKR1 selectivity in a previously CCKR2-selective lead series. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:6373-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2009] [Revised: 09/16/2009] [Accepted: 09/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Gomez L, Hack MD, McClure K, Sehon C, Huang L, Morton M, Li L, Barrett TD, Shankley N, Breitenbucher JG. SAR studies of 1,5-diarylpyrazole-based CCK1 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:6493-8. [PMID: 17933530 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.09.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2007] [Revised: 09/08/2007] [Accepted: 09/27/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A high throughput screening campaign revealed compound 1 as a potent antagonist of the human CCK(1) receptor. Here, we report the syntheses and SAR studies of 1,5-diarylpyrazole analogs with various structural modifications of the alkane side chain of the molecule. The difference in affinity between the two enantiomers for the CCK(1) receptor and the flexible nature of the linker led to the design of constrained analogs with increased potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Gomez
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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McDonald IM, Black JW, Buck IM, Dunstone DJ, Griffin EP, Harper EA, Hull RAD, Kalindjian SB, Lilley EJ, Linney ID, Pether MJ, Roberts SP, Shaxted ME, Spencer J, Steel KIM, Sykes DA, Walker MK, Watt GF, Wright L, Wright PT, Xun W. Optimization of 1,3,4-benzotriazepine-based CCK(2) antagonists to obtain potent, orally active inhibitors of gastrin-mediated gastric acid secretion. J Med Chem 2007; 50:3101-12. [PMID: 17536796 DOI: 10.1021/jm070139l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Starting from a novel, achiral 1,3,4-benzotriazepine-based CCK2 receptor antagonist, a process of optimization has afforded further compounds of this type that maintain the nanomolar affinity for recombinant, human CCK2 receptors and high selectivity over CCK1 receptors observed in the initial lead but display more potent inhibition of pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion in vivo. Moreover, this has largely been achieved without altering their potency at wild-type canine and rat receptors, as judged by their displacement of [125I]-BH-CCK-8S in a radioligand binding assay and by their activity in an isolated, perfused rat stomach bioassay, respectively. 2-(5-Cyclohexyl-1-(2-cyclopentyl-2-oxo-ethyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3H-1,3,4-benzotriazepin-3-yl)-N-(3-(5-oxo-2,5-dihydro- [1,2,4]oxadiazol-3-yl)-phenyl)-acetamide (47) was identified as the most effective compound stemming from this approach, proving to be a potent inhibitor of pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion in rats and dogs by intravenous bolus as well as by enteral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain M McDonald
- James Black Foundation, 68 Half Moon Lane, Dulwich, London, SE24 9JE, United Kingdom.
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Wang BJ, Cui ZJ. How does cholecystokinin stimulate exocrine pancreatic secretion? From birds, rodents, to humans. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2007; 292:R666-78. [PMID: 17053097 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00131.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The field of cholecystokinin (CCK) stimulation of exocrine pancreatic secretion has experienced major changes in the recent past. This review attempts to summarize the present status of the field. CCK production in the intestinal I cells, the molecular forms of CCK produced and subsequently circulated in the blood, the presence or absence of CCK receptors on the isolated pancreatic acinar cells and the associated signaling for acinar cell secretion, and the actual circuits and sites of action for CCK regulation of exocrine pancreatic secretion in vivo are reviewed in different animal species with an emphasis on birds, rodents, and humans. Clear differences in the relative importance of neural and direct modes of CCK action on pancreatic acinar cells were identified. Rodents seem to be endowed with both modes of action, whereas in humans the neural mode may predominate. In birds, such as duck, the direct mode needs further assistance from pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide/VIP receptors. However, much further work needs to be directed to the neural mode to map out all sites of CCK action and details of the full circuits, and we foresee a major revival for this field of research in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi Jue Wang
- Institute of Cell Biology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Allison BD, Phuong VK, McAtee LC, Rosen M, Morton M, Prendergast C, Barrett T, Lagaud G, Freedman J, Li L, Wu X, Venkatesan H, Pippel M, Woods C, Rizzolio MC, Hack M, Hoey K, Deng X, King C, Shankley NP, Rabinowitz MH. Identification and Optimization of Anthranilic Sulfonamides as Novel, Selective Cholecystokinin-2 Receptor Antagonists. J Med Chem 2006; 49:6371-90. [PMID: 17034143 DOI: 10.1021/jm060590x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A high throughput screening approach to the identification of selective cholecystokinin-2 receptor (CCK-2R) ligands resulted in the discovery of a novel series of antagonists, represented by 1-[2-[(2,1,3-benzothiadiazol-4-ylsulfonyl)amino]-5-chlorobenzoyl]-piperidine (1; CCK-2R, pK(I) = 6.4). Preliminary exploration of the structure-activity relationships around the anthranilic ring and the amide and sulfonamide moieties led to a nearly 50-fold improvement of receptor affinity and showed a greater than 1000-fold selectivity over the related cholecystokinin-1 receptor. Pharmacokinetic evaluation led to the identification of 4-[4-iodo-2-[(5-quinoxalinylsulfonyl)amino]benzoyl]-morpholine, 26d, a compound that demonstrates promising pharmacokinetic properties in the rat and dog with respect to plasma clearance and oral bioavailability and is a potent inhibitor in vivo of pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion in the rat when dosed orally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett D Allison
- Johnson and Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent investigations into the regulation of pancreatic acinar cell function have led to a more detailed understanding of the mechanisms regulating digestive enzyme synthesis and secretion. This review identifies and puts into context those articles which further our understanding in this area. RECENT FINDINGS The secretagogue receptors present on acinar cells, especially muscarinic and cholecystokinin, have been better identified and characterized. The complex control of intracellular Ca by intracellular messengers such as inositol trisphosphate, cellular ion pumps and membrane channels has become more clearly understood, including the identification of organelles sequestering intracellular Ca. In the area of Ca driven exocytosis, progress has been made in understanding the proteins present on the zymogen granules, especially Rabs and SNARE proteins, and the dynamic changes in actin filaments. Secretagogues have also been shown to enhance the translation of new protein by activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. Finally, considerable progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms regulating pancreatic growth in response to nutrients and following pancreatectomy or pancreatitis. SUMMARY Understanding the mechanisms that regulate pancreatic acinar cell function is contributing to our knowledge of normal pancreatic function and alterations in diseases such as pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Williams
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
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