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Comerma-Steffensen S, Kun A, Prat-Duran J, Mogensen S, Alan Albayrak E, Fais R, Munro G, Peters D, Simonsen U. A novel reuptake inhibitor, IP2015, induces erection by increasing central dopamine and peripheral nitric oxide release. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:2566-2582. [PMID: 38604613 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE An estimated 40% of patients with erectile dysfunction have a poor prognosis for improvement with currently available treatments. The present study investigated whether a newly developed monoamine transport inhibitor, IP2015, improves erectile function. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We investigated the effects of IP2015 on monoamine uptake and binding, erectile function in rats and diabetic mice and the effect on corpus cavernosum contractility. KEY RESULTS IP2015 inhibited the uptake of 5-HT, noradrenaline and dopamine by human monoamine transporters expressed in cells and in rat brain synaptosomes. Intracavernosal pressure measurement in anaesthetized rats revealed that IP2015 dose-dependently increased the number and the duration of spontaneous erections. Whereas pretreatment with the dopamine D2-like receptor antagonists, clozapine and (-)-sulpiride, or cutting the cavernosal nerve inhibited IP2015-induced erectile responses, the phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor sildenafil further enhanced the IP2015-mediated increase in intracavernosal pressure. IP2015 also increased the number of erections in type 2 diabetic db/db mice. Direct intracavernosal injection of IP2015 increased penile pressure, and in corpus cavernosum strips, IP2015 induced concentration-dependent relaxations. These relaxations were enhanced by sildenafil and blunted by endothelial cell removal, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, NG-nitro-l-arginine and a D1-like receptor antagonist, SCH23390. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) showed the expression of the dopamine transporter in the rat corpus cavernosum. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings suggest that IP2015 stimulates erectile function by a central mechanism involving dopamine reuptake inhibition and direct NO-mediated relaxation of the erectile tissue. This novel multi-modal mechanism of action could offer a new treatment approach to erectile dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Comerma-Steffensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences/Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
- Initiator Pharma A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Attila Kun
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Judit Prat-Duran
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Susie Mogensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Elif Alan Albayrak
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Rafael Fais
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Dan Peters
- Initiator Pharma A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
- DanPET AB, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ulf Simonsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Initiator Pharma A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Urso D, Leta V, Rukavina K. Management strategies of sexual dysfunctions in Parkinson's disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2022; 162:97-116. [PMID: 35397790 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sexual dysfunctions (SD) are frequent and highly disabling nonmotor manifestations of Parkinson's disease (PD) but are also potentially treatable. Neurologists should actively discuss, recognize and treat sexual health issues as an integral part of the management of the disease. In this chapter, we provide recommendations for managing and treating both primary and secondary SD in PD. Many sexual problems can be, at least partially, improved by adjusting the treatment of motor, nonmotor symptoms and comorbidities. Although some treatments of primary SD are evidence-based, many therapeutic options have not been yet systematically studied in patients with PD. The development of new treatments and repurposing of existing remedies in patients with PD remain an unmet need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Urso
- King's College London, Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom; Parkinson's Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom; Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', "Pia Fondazione Cardinale G. Panico", Tricase, Lecce, Italy.
| | - Valentina Leta
- King's College London, Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom; Parkinson's Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katarina Rukavina
- King's College London, Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom; Parkinson's Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom
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Hiremath DS, Priviero FBM, Webb RC, Ko C, Narayan P. Constitutive LH receptor activity impairs NO-mediated penile smooth muscle relaxation. Reproduction 2021; 161:31-41. [PMID: 33112284 DOI: 10.1530/rep-20-0447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Timely activation of the luteinizing hormone receptor (LHCGR) is critical for fertility. Activating mutations in LHCGR cause familial male-limited precocious puberty (FMPP) due to premature synthesis of testosterone. A mouse model of FMPP (KiLHRD582G), expressing a constitutively activating mutation in LHCGR, was previously developed in our laboratory. KiLHRD582G mice became progressively infertile due to sexual dysfunction and exhibited smooth muscle loss and chondrocyte accumulation in the penis. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that KiLHRD582G mice had erectile dysfunction due to impaired smooth muscle function. Apomorphine-induced erection studies determined that KiLHRD582G mice had erectile dysfunction. Penile smooth muscle and endothelial function were assessed using penile cavernosal strips. Penile endothelial cell content was not changed in KiLHRD582G mice. The maximal relaxation response to acetylcholine and the nitric oxide donor, sodium nitroprusside, was significantly reduced in KiLHRD582G mice indicating an impairment in the nitric oxide (NO)-mediated signaling. Cyclic GMP (cGMP) levels were significantly reduced in KiLHRD582G mice in response to acetylcholine, sodium nitroprusside and the soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator, BAY 41-2272. Expression of NOS1, NOS3 and PKRG1 were unchanged. The Rho-kinase signaling pathway for smooth muscle contraction was not altered. Together, these data indicate that KiLHRD582G mice have erectile dysfunction due to impaired NO-mediated activation of soluble guanylate cyclase resulting in decreased levels of cGMP and penile smooth muscle relaxation. These studies in the KiLHRD582G mice demonstrate that activating mutations in the mouse LHCGR cause erectile dysfunction due to impairment of the NO-mediated signaling pathway in the penile smooth muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak S Hiremath
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois School of Medicine, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - Fernanda B M Priviero
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center and Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - R Clinton Webb
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center and Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - CheMyong Ko
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Prema Narayan
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois School of Medicine, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
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Guillén V, Rueda JR, Lopez-Argumedo M, Solà I, Ballesteros J. Apomorphine for the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2020; 49:2963-2979. [PMID: 32964351 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-020-01817-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sublingual apomorphine could be an option in patients with erectile dysfunction who cannot take phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (e.g., using nitrates). We have completed a systematic review to evaluate the effects of sublingual apomorphine comparing with placebo for treating erectile dysfunction. The evidence searching process finished on 9 January 2019. We included nine randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Treatment length varied from 4 to 8 weeks and doses ranged from 2 to 6 mg. The percent of successful sexual intercourse attempts per ingested dose of apomorphine was evaluated in eight studies. All the studies found that apomorphine was better than placebo (6-27% more successful intercourse attempts than with placebo), but differences were not statistically significant in one study done in patients previously treated with radical prostatectomy. Regarding erectile function scores, three studies reported higher improvement on the erectile function scores for apomorphine. Differences with placebo were not clinically relevant in another two studies, one in which only diabetic patients were included and one in which only patients with radical prostatectomy were involved. Discontinuation of treatment due to adverse events was higher for apomorphine, particularly for higher doses. Available evidence suggests that sublingual apomorphine is more effective than placebo, except for patients previously treated with radical prostatectomy, and is generally well tolerated at doses of 2 or 3 mg. Nowadays, sublingual apomorphine is the only licensed oral drug for erectile dysfunction not absolutely contraindicated with nitrates use, and more RCTs should be performed to evaluate its effects and safety for treating ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Guillén
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - José-Ramón Rueda
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, 48080, Leioa, Spain.
| | - Marta Lopez-Argumedo
- Department of Health, Osteba, Basque Office for Health Technology Assessment, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Ivan Solà
- Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Ballesteros
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
- CIBER Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain
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Auffret M, Drapier S, Vérin M. New tricks for an old dog: A repurposing approach of apomorphine. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 843:66-79. [PMID: 30395851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Apomorphine is a 150-year old nonspecific dopaminergic agonist, currently indicated for treating motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease. At the era of drug repurposing, its pleiotropic biological functions suggest other possible uses. To further explore new therapeutic and diagnostic applications, the available literature up to July 2018 was reviewed using the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. As many of the retrieved articles consisted of case reports and preclinical studies, we adopted a descriptive approach, tackling each area of research in turn, to give a broad overview of the potential of apomorphine. Apomorphine may play a role in neurological diseases like restless legs syndrome, Huntington's chorea, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease and disorders of consciousness, but also in sexual disorders, neuroleptic malignant(-like) syndrome and cancer. Further work is needed in both basic and clinical research; current developments in novel delivery strategies and apomorphine derivatives are expected to open the way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Auffret
- Behavior and Basal Ganglia Research Unit (EA 4712), University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France; Institut des Neurosciences Cliniques de Rennes (INCR), Rennes, France.
| | - Sophie Drapier
- Behavior and Basal Ganglia Research Unit (EA 4712), University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France; Institut des Neurosciences Cliniques de Rennes (INCR), Rennes, France; Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Pontchaillou University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Marc Vérin
- Behavior and Basal Ganglia Research Unit (EA 4712), University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France; Institut des Neurosciences Cliniques de Rennes (INCR), Rennes, France; Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Pontchaillou University Hospital, Rennes, France
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6
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Biophysical and in silico interaction studies of aporphine alkaloids with Malonyl-CoA: ACP transacylase (FabD) from drug resistant Moraxella catarrhalis. Biochimie 2018; 149:18-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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7
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Shahin P, Rahardjo HE, Bannowsky A, Tsikas D, Sohn M, Kuczyk MA, Ückert S. Endopeptidase inhibition attenuates the contraction induced by big endothelin-1 of isolated human penile erectile tissue. Andrologia 2018; 50:e13008. [PMID: 29574984 DOI: 10.1111/and.13008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides, such as C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and endothelin 1 (ET-1), are involved in the control of penile erectile tissue (corpus cavernosum = CC). Inhibiting the degradation of CNP and VIP or conversion of Big ET-1 into ET-1 by endopeptidase enzymes should result in an enhancement of CC smooth muscle relaxation. Using the tissue bath technique, responses of isolated CC, challenged by noradrenaline (NA, 1 μm), to increasing concentrations of the endopeptidase inhibitor KC 12615 (1 nm - 10 μm), CNP and VIP (0.1 nm - 1 μm), were investigated. Effects of CNP, VIP and Big ET-1 (0.1 nm - 100 nm) on the tissue tension were also evaluated following pre-exposure to 10 μm of KC 12615. Big ET-1 induced contraction of the CC amounting to a force generation of 1,200 mg. The contraction was attenuated in the presence of KC 12615 by 35% and 50%, respectively. The tension induced by NA was reversed by VIP and CNP to 38.7% ± 15.8% and 61% ± 13%, respectively, of the initial force. The findings might be of significance with regard to future pharmacological treatment options for male ED, where an endothelial dysfunction exists.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Shahin
- Department of Urology & Urological Oncology, Division of Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - H E Rahardjo
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - A Bannowsky
- Department of Urology, Imland Klinik GmbH, Rendsburg, Germany
| | - D Tsikas
- Hannover Medical School, Center of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Hannover, Germany
| | - M Sohn
- Department of Urology, AGAPLESION St. Markus Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M A Kuczyk
- Department of Urology & Urological Oncology, Division of Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - S Ückert
- Department of Urology & Urological Oncology, Division of Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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de Souza ILL, Barros BC, de Oliveira GA, Queiroga FR, Toscano LT, Silva AS, Silva PM, Interaminense LFL, Cavalcante FDA, da Silva BA. Hypercaloric Diet Establishes Erectile Dysfunction in Rat: Mechanisms Underlying the Endothelial Damage. Front Physiol 2017; 8:760. [PMID: 29085300 PMCID: PMC5649200 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by an excessive increase in body mass, leading to endothelial damage that may favor the development of erectile dysfunction (ED). ED is defined as the inability to achieve or maintain a penile erection long enough to have a sexual intercourse. In this context, different ED models were developed, however the high price of special animals or the long period to establish the disease has limited studies in this field. Therefore, this study proposed to establish and characterize a novel model of ED in rats associated to a hypercaloric diet consumption. Animals were randomly divided into control group (CG), which received a standard diet, and obese group (OG), fed with a hypercaloric diet during 8 weeks. Rat's erectile function was evaluated in vivo and in vitro. Food and caloric intake of OG were reduced compared to CG, due to an increased diet energy efficiency. However, OG presented an increased body mass, inguinal, retroperitoneal and epididymal adipose tissues, as well as body adiposity index at the end of experimental protocol. In erectile function analysis, there was a decrease in the number and the latency of penile erections in OG. Additionally, the contractile reactivity of corpus cavernosum was increased in OG, favoring penile detumescence and related to a reduced nitric oxide bioavailability and an increased in contractile prostaglandins levels as a consequence of endothelial damage. Moreover, the endothelium-relaxation reactivity of corpus cavernosum was attenuated in OG associated to the oxidative stress. Thus, it was provided a model for advances in sexual dysfunction field and drug discovery for ED treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iara L. L. de Souza
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Bárbara C. Barros
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando R. Queiroga
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Lydiane T. Toscano
- Departamento de Educação Física, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Alexandre S. Silva
- Departamento de Educação Física, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Patrícia M. Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiana de Andrade Cavalcante
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Patologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Bagnólia A. da Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
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Simonsen U, Comerma-Steffensen S, Andersson KE. Modulation of Dopaminergic Pathways to Treat Erectile Dysfunction. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 119 Suppl 3:63-74. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Simonsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology; Aarhus University; Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Simon Comerma-Steffensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology; Aarhus University; Aarhus C Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Science; Faculty of Veterinary Science; Central University of Venezuela; Maracay Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
| | - Karl-Erik Andersson
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology; Aarhus University; Aarhus C Denmark
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Jepps TA, Olesen SP, Greenwood IA, Dalsgaard T. Molecular and functional characterization of Kv 7 channels in penile arteries and corpus cavernosum of healthy and metabolic syndrome rats. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:1478-90. [PMID: 26802314 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE KCNQ-encoded voltage-dependent potassium channels (Kv 7) are involved in the regulation of vascular tone. In this study we evaluated the influence of Kv 7 channel activation on smooth muscle relaxation in rat penile arteries and corpus cavernosum from normal and spontaneously hypertensive, heart failure-prone (SHHF) rats - a rat model of human metabolic syndrome. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to determine the expression of KCNQ isoforms in penile tissue. Isometric tension was measured in intracavernous arterial rings and corpus cavernosum strips isolated from normal and SHHF rats. KEY RESULTS Transcripts for KCNQ3, KCNQ4 and KCNQ5 were detected in penile arteries and corpus cavernosum. KCNQ1 was only found in corpus cavernosum. Immunofluorescence signals to Kv 7.4 and Kv 7.5 were found in penile arteries, penile veins and corpus cavernosum. The Kv 7.2-7.5 activators, ML213 and BMS204352, relaxed pre-contracted penile arteries and corpus cavernosum independently of nitric oxide synthase or endothelium-derived hyperpolarization. Relaxations to sildenafil, a PDE5 inhibitor, and sodium nitroprusside (SNP), an nitric oxide donor, were reduced by blocking Kv 7 channels with linopirdine in penile arteries and corpus cavernosum. In SHHF rat penile arteries and corpus cavernosum, relaxations to ML213 and BMS204352 were attenuated, and the blocking effect of linopirdine on sildenafil-induced and SNP-induced relaxations reduced. KCNQ3, KCNQ4 and KCNQ5 were down-regulated, and KCNQ1 was up-regulated in corpus cavernosum from SHHF rats. KCNQ1-5 transcripts remained unchanged in penile arteries from SHHF rats. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These data suggest that Kv 7 channels play a role in erectile function and contribute to the pathophysiology of erectile dysfunction, an early indicator of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Jepps
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S P Olesen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - I A Greenwood
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Vascular Biology Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences, St George's, London, UK
| | - T Dalsgaard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Guillén V, Rueda JR, Ballesteros J, López de Argumedo M. Apomorphine for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Hippokratia 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd009397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Guillén
- University of the Basque Country; Department of Neuroscience; UPV/EHU Barrio Sarriena S/N Leioa Spain E-48940
| | - José-Ramón Rueda
- University of the Basque Country. GIU 10/24; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health; UPV-EHU Leioa Bizkaia Spain E-48080
| | - Javier Ballesteros
- University of the Basque Country, and Centre for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health (CIBERSAM); Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry Section; Barrio Sarriena S/N PO Box 699 Leioa Spain E-48080
| | - Marta López de Argumedo
- Osteba, Basque Office for Health Technology Assessment; Health and Consumers' Affairs; C/ Donostia-San Sebastian, 1 Vitoria-Gasteiz Spain 01010
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12
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Andersson KE. Mechanisms of penile erection and basis for pharmacological treatment of erectile dysfunction. Pharmacol Rev 2011; 63:811-59. [PMID: 21880989 DOI: 10.1124/pr.111.004515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Erection is basically a spinal reflex that can be initiated by recruitment of penile afferents, both autonomic and somatic, and supraspinal influences from visual, olfactory, and imaginary stimuli. Several central transmitters are involved in the erectile control. Dopamine, acetylcholine, nitric oxide (NO), and peptides, such as oxytocin and adrenocorticotropin/α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, have a facilitatory role, whereas serotonin may be either facilitatory or inhibitory, and enkephalins are inhibitory. The balance between contractant and relaxant factors controls the degree of contraction of the smooth muscle of the corpora cavernosa (CC) and determines the functional state of the penis. Noradrenaline contracts both CC and penile vessels via stimulation of α₁-adrenoceptors. Neurogenic NO is considered the most important factor for relaxation of penile vessels and CC. The role of other mediators, released from nerves or endothelium, has not been definitely established. Erectile dysfunction (ED), defined as the "inability to achieve or maintain an erection adequate for sexual satisfaction," may have multiple causes and can be classified as psychogenic, vasculogenic or organic, neurologic, and endocrinologic. Many patients with ED respond well to the pharmacological treatments that are currently available, but there are still groups of patients in whom the response is unsatisfactory. The drugs used are able to substitute, partially or completely, the malfunctioning endogenous mechanisms that control penile erection. Most drugs have a direct action on penile tissue facilitating penile smooth muscle relaxation, including oral phosphodiesterase inhibitors and intracavernosal injections of prostaglandin E₁. Irrespective of the underlying cause, these drugs are effective in the majority of cases. Drugs with a central site of action have so far not been very successful. There is a need for therapeutic alternatives. This requires identification of new therapeutic targets and design of new approaches. Research in the field is expanding, and several promising new targets for future drugs have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-E Andersson
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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13
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Relaxant effect and possible mechanism of 17-nor-subincanadine E in rabbit corpora cavernosa. Asian J Androl 2011; 13:747-53. [PMID: 21765439 DOI: 10.1038/aja.2011.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Compounds with dual action on cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) may be a treatment option for erectile dysfunction, as they not only promote penile erection but also prevent the upregulation of phosphodiesterase-5. In this study, we examined the possible relaxant effect and mechanism of 17-nor-subincanadine E (SEC, 0.2-200 µmol l⁻¹), a plant-derived alkaloid, in rabbit corpus cavernosum (RbCC) strips that had been precontracted by exposure to phenylephrine (10 µmol l⁻¹) or a high concentration of K(+) (60 mmol l⁻¹) in vitro. In addition to SEC's effect on cAMP and cGMP levels, electrical field stimulation (EFS) in phenylephrine-precontracted RbCC and calcium chloride (1-100 mmol l⁻¹) evoked responses in depolarized RbCC were analysed. SEC relaxed the phenylephrine-precontracted RbCCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Atropine, guanethidine and N-ω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) did not have any effect on the relaxation of RBCCs. When 1H-(1, 2, 4)oxadiazole[4,3-a] quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) was added, it effectively blocked the relaxant response of SEC. Although SEC enhanced the maximal relaxation produced by sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and forskolin in phenylephrine-precontracted cavernosal smooth muscle, it caused a decrease in the maximal contractile response induced by calcium chloride in depolarized RbCCs. The relaxant effect of SEC was paralleled by an increase in the tissue levels of the cyclic nucleotides cAMP and cGMP. We conclude that SEC promotes the relaxation of RbCC, possibly favouring cAMP and cGMP accumulation and calcium blockade. This novel mechanism could be useful for patients who do not benefit from phosphodiesterase inhibitors and for those with endothelial and nitrergic dysfunction, such as patients with diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidaemias.
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Burnett AL, Goldstein I, Andersson KE, Argiolas A, Christ G, Park K, Xin ZC. Future sexual medicine physiological treatment targets. J Sex Med 2011; 7:3269-304. [PMID: 21029380 DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2010.02025.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sexual function in men and women incorporates physiologic processes and regulation of the central and peripheral nervous systems, the vascular system, and the endocrine system. There is need for state-of-the-art information as there is an evolving research understanding of the underlying molecular biological factors and mechanisms governing sexual physiologic functions. AIM To develop an evidence-based, state-of-the-art consensus report on the current knowledge of the major cellular and molecular targets of biologic systems responsible for sexual physiologic function. METHODS State-of-the-art knowledge representing the opinions of seven experts from four countries was developed in a consensus process over a 2-year period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Expert opinion was based on the grading of evidence-based medical literature, widespread internal committee discussion, public presentation, and debate. RESULTS Scientific investigation in this field is needed to increase knowledge and foster development of the future line of treatments for all forms of biological-based sexual dysfunction. This article addresses the current knowledge of the major cellular and molecular targets of biological systems responsible for sexual physiologic function. Future treatment targets include growth factor therapy, gene therapy, stem and cell-based therapies, and regenerative medicine. CONCLUSIONS Scientific discovery is critically important for developing new and increasingly effective treatments in sexual medicine. Broad physiologic directions should be vigorously explored and considered for future management of sexual disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur L Burnett
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Abdel-Hamid IA, Andersson KE, Salonia A. Exploration of therapeutic targets for sexual dysfunctions: lessons learned from the failed stories. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2011; 15:325-40. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2011.551008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Zhang XR, Zhang ZJ, Jenkins TA, Cheng WR, Reynolds GP. The effect of chronic antipsychotic drug administration on nitric oxide synthase activity and gene expression in rat penile tissues. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2010; 20:211-7. [PMID: 19914809 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2009.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2009] [Revised: 09/02/2009] [Accepted: 10/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Antipsychotic drug treatment may be associated with common and problematic sexual dysfunction, especially impotence, which can diminish quality of life and lead to treatment noncompliance. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is an important cellular modulator of erectile function. We have therefore investigated the effect of antipsychotic drug on activity and gene expression of NOS in rat penile tissues. The activity of constitutive NOS was significantly suppressed below control by a 21 days administration of 1 mg/kg haloperidol, which also significantly decreased expression of endothelial NOS (eNOS) and neural NOS mRNA. Risperidone at 0.5 mg/kg also reduced eNOS mRNA expression. Haloperidol or risperidone did not change gene expression and activity of inducible NOS (iNOS). Quetiapine significantly increased activity and mRNA expression of iNOS with 20 and 40 mg/kg doses. These preliminary results have important implications for enhancing our understanding of mechanisms by which antipsychotic drugs induce sexual dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Rong Zhang
- Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, School of Clinical Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Kun A, Matchkov VV, Stankevicius E, Nardi A, Hughes AD, Kirkeby HJ, Demnitz J, Simonsen U. NS11021, a novel opener of large-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels, enhances erectile responses in rats. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 158:1465-76. [PMID: 19845682 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00404.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Large-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels (BK(Ca)), located on the arterial and corporal smooth muscle, are potential targets for treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). This study investigated whether NS11021 (1-(3,5-Bis-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-3-[4-bromo-2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl]-thiourea), a novel opener of BK(Ca) channels, relaxes erectile tissue in vitro and enhances erectile responses in intact rats. The effects were compared with sildenafil, an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 5. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Patch clamp was used to record whole cell current in rat isolated corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Isometric tension was measured in intracavernous arterial rings and corpus cavernosum strips isolated from rats and men, and simultaneous measurements of intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) and tension were performed in intracavernous arteries. Erectile response was measured in anaesthetized rats. KEY RESULTS In patch clamp recordings, NS11021 increased currents sensitive to the selective BK(Ca) channel blocker, iberiotoxin (IbTX) in SMCs, but did not modulate K(+) current in HUVECs. NS11021 reduced [Ca(2+)](i) and tension in penile arteries. IbTX inhibited the vasorelaxation induced by NS11021 and sildenafil in human erectile tissue. NS11021 and sildenafil but not vehicle increased erectile responses in anaesthetized rats, an effect which was abolished after pretreatment with tetraethylammonium. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS NS11021 leads to relaxation of both intracavernous arteries and corpus cavernosum strips primarily through opening of BK(Ca) channels. It is also effective in facilitating erectile responses in anaesthetized rats. These results suggest a potential for use of BK(Ca) openers in the treatment of ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kun
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Aarhus, Denmark
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18
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Arrighi N, Bodei S, Zani D, Simeone C, Fiorentini C, Missale C, Milanese G, Dellabella M, Muzzonigro G, Cunico SC, Spano P, Sigala S. Molecular and pharmacological detection of dopaminergic receptors in the human male urinary tract. Neurourol Urodyn 2009; 28:343-8. [PMID: 18973141 DOI: 10.1002/nau.20652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Evidence indicates that dopamine (DA) and DA receptors play a role in the central nervous system (CNS) control of micturition; however, while the central DAergic role in the micturition physiology has been extensively investigated, the expression and the function of DA receptors in the urinary tract are still under investigation. Here, we studied the distribution of DA receptor subtypes in different parts of the human male urinary tract. METHODS Fragments were collected from 34 men. The mRNAs encoding DA receptors were assessed by RT-PCR, followed by densitometric analysis. Adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity was evaluated using a commercially available RIA kit. Statistical analysis was carried out using one-way ANOVA, with the Bonferroni's post hoc test. RESULTS Results obtained indicated that RT-PCR products of D(1), D(4), and D(5) subtypes were obtained in each part studied, while no signal was observed for the D(2) and D(3) receptor subtypes. The pharmacological characterization demonstrated that the expressed DA receptors were linked to AC. CONCLUSIONS DA receptors were expressed throughout the human male urinary tract, from the ureter to the prostatic urethra. In particular, we observed a distinctive DA receptor subtype distribution, with evidence of the presence of mRNA encoding both subtypes of the D(1)-like DA receptor family (D(1) and D(5)), while the D(4) receptors were the only expressed subtype of the D(2)-like family. These results suggested that DAergic drugs used for the treatment of a number of diseases may influence the micturition physiology not only in the CNS, but at the peripheral level as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Arrighi
- Division of Urology, University of Brescia Medical School, P.le Spedali Civili 1, Brescia, Italy
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Mehta N, Sikka S, Rajasekaran M. Laboratory Forum: Rat as an Animal Model for Male Erectile Function Evaluation in Sexual Medicine Research. J Sex Med 2008; 5:1278-83. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2008.00854.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Campos AR, Cunha KMA, Santos FA, Silveira ER, Uchoa DEA, Nascimento NRF, Rao VSN. Relaxant effects of an alkaloid-rich fraction from Aspidosperma ulei root bark on isolated rabbit corpus cavernosum. Int J Impot Res 2007; 20:255-63. [PMID: 18046335 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijir.3901624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We described earlier that an alkaloid-rich fraction (F(3-5)) from Aspidosperma ulei (Markgr) induces penile erection-like behavioral responses in mice. This study verified a possible relaxant effect of this fraction on isolated rabbit corpus cavernosum (RbCC) strips precontracted by phenylephrine (1 microM) or K+ 60 mM. F(3-5) (1-300 microg ml(-1)) relaxed the RbCC strips in a concentration-dependent and reversible manner. The relaxant effect of F(3-5) (100 microg ml(-1)) on phenylephrine contraction was unaffected in the presence of atropine, N-omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester or 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazole[4,3-a] quinoxalin-1-one and by preincubation with tetrodotoxin, glibenclamide, apamine and charybdotoxin suggesting that mechanisms other than cholinergic, nitrergic, sGC activation or potassium channel opening are probably involved. However, the phasic component of the contraction induced by K+ 60 mM as well as the maximal contraction elicited by increasing external Ca2+ concentrations in depolarized corpora cavernosa was inhibited by F(3-5). We conclude that F(3-5) relaxes the RbCC smooth muscle, at least in part, through a blockade of calcium influx or its function.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Campos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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Melis MR, Succu S, Sanna F, Melis T, Mascia MS, Enguehard-Gueiffier C, Hubner H, Gmeiner P, Gueiffier A, Argiolas A. PIP3EA and PD-168077, two selective dopamine D4 receptor agonists, induce penile erection in male rats: site and mechanism of action in the brain. Eur J Neurosci 2006; 24:2021-30. [PMID: 17067298 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.05043.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PIP3EA (2-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl-methyl]imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine) and PD-168077 (N-[4-2-cyanophenylpiperazin-1-ylmethyl]-3-methylbenzamide maleate), two selective dopamine D4 agonists, administered systemically, intracerebroventricularly or into the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus induce penile erection in male Sprague-Dawley rats. A U-inverted dose-response curve was found with either compound when given subcutaneously (1-100 microg/kg) or intracerebroventricularly (0.1-20 microg/rat), but not into the paraventricular nucleus (10-200 ng/rat). The pro-erectile effect of PIP3EA and of PD-168077 occurs concomitantly with an increased nitric oxide (NO) production in the paraventricular nucleus, as measured by the increased concentration of nitrites and nitrates found in the dialysate obtained from the paraventricular nucleus by intracerebral microdialysis. These effects of PIP3EA and PD-168077 were reduced by L-745,870 (3-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-ylmethyl]-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine trihydrochloride), a selective dopamine D4 receptors antagonist, by omega-conotoxin, a blocker of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels of the N-type, by S-methyl-thiocitrulline, a neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, and by d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)2-Orn8-vasotocin, an oxytocin receptor antagonist, given into the lateral ventricles, but not into the paraventricular nucleus. Comparison of the dose-response curves of PIP3EA and PD-168077 revealed that PIP3EA is as potent as PD-168077 when given into the paraventricular nucleus, but more potent when given systemically. However, both compounds are less efficacious (e.g. induce a lower number of penile erection episodes) than apomorphine, a classical mixed dopamine receptor agonist, irrespective of the route of administration. These results confirm previous findings showing that central D4 receptors mediate penile erection and show that dopamine D4 receptor agonists act in the paraventricular nucleus to facilitate penile erection by increasing central oxytocinergic neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosaria Melis
- Bernard B. Brodie Department of Neuroscience, Centre of Excellence for the Neurobiology of Addictions, University of Cagliari, Italy.
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