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Comerma-Steffensen S, Kun A, Prat-Duran J, Mogensen S, Alan Albayrak E, Fais R, Munro G, Peters D, Simonsen U. A novel reuptake inhibitor, IP2015, induces erection by increasing central dopamine and peripheral nitric oxide release. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:2566-2582. [PMID: 38604613 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE An estimated 40% of patients with erectile dysfunction have a poor prognosis for improvement with currently available treatments. The present study investigated whether a newly developed monoamine transport inhibitor, IP2015, improves erectile function. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We investigated the effects of IP2015 on monoamine uptake and binding, erectile function in rats and diabetic mice and the effect on corpus cavernosum contractility. KEY RESULTS IP2015 inhibited the uptake of 5-HT, noradrenaline and dopamine by human monoamine transporters expressed in cells and in rat brain synaptosomes. Intracavernosal pressure measurement in anaesthetized rats revealed that IP2015 dose-dependently increased the number and the duration of spontaneous erections. Whereas pretreatment with the dopamine D2-like receptor antagonists, clozapine and (-)-sulpiride, or cutting the cavernosal nerve inhibited IP2015-induced erectile responses, the phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor sildenafil further enhanced the IP2015-mediated increase in intracavernosal pressure. IP2015 also increased the number of erections in type 2 diabetic db/db mice. Direct intracavernosal injection of IP2015 increased penile pressure, and in corpus cavernosum strips, IP2015 induced concentration-dependent relaxations. These relaxations were enhanced by sildenafil and blunted by endothelial cell removal, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, NG-nitro-l-arginine and a D1-like receptor antagonist, SCH23390. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) showed the expression of the dopamine transporter in the rat corpus cavernosum. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings suggest that IP2015 stimulates erectile function by a central mechanism involving dopamine reuptake inhibition and direct NO-mediated relaxation of the erectile tissue. This novel multi-modal mechanism of action could offer a new treatment approach to erectile dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Comerma-Steffensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences/Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
- Initiator Pharma A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Attila Kun
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Judit Prat-Duran
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Susie Mogensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Elif Alan Albayrak
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Rafael Fais
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Dan Peters
- Initiator Pharma A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
- DanPET AB, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ulf Simonsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Initiator Pharma A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Al Yacoub ON, Tarantini S, Zhang Y, Csiszar A, Standifer KM. The Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ peptide receptor antagonist, SB-612111, improves cerebral blood flow in a rat model of traumatic brain injury. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1272969. [PMID: 37920208 PMCID: PMC10618424 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1272969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects more than 2.5 million people in the U.S. each year and is the leading cause of death and disability in children and adults ages 1 to 44. Approximately 90% of TBI cases are classified as mild but may still lead to acute detrimental effects such as impaired cerebral blood flow (CBF) that result in prolonged impacts on brain function and quality of life in up to 15% of patients. We previously reported that nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) peptide (NOP) receptor antagonism reversed mild blast TBI-induced vestibulomotor deficits and prevented hypoxia. To explore mechanisms by which the NOP receptor-N/OFQ pathway modulates hypoxia and other TBI sequelae, the ability of the NOP antagonist, SB-612111 (SB), to reverse TBI-induced CBF and associated injury marker changes were tested in this study. Male Wistar rats randomly received sham craniotomy or craniotomy + TBI via controlled cortical impact. Injury severity was assessed after 1 h (modified neurological severity score (mNSS). Changes in CBF were assessed 2 h post-injury above the exposed cortex using laser speckle contrast imaging in response to the direct application of increasing concentrations of vehicle or SB (1, 10, and 100 µM) to the brain surface. TBI increased mNSS scores compared to baseline and confirmed mild TBI (mTBI) severity. CBF was significantly impaired on the ipsilateral side of the brain following mTBI, compared to contralateral side and to sham rats. SB dose-dependently improved CBF on the ipsilateral side after mTBI compared to SB effects on the respective ipsilateral side of sham rats but had no effect on contralateral CBF or in uninjured rats. N/OFQ levels increased in the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) following mTBI, which correlated with the percent decrease in ipsilateral CBF. TBI also activated ERK and cofilin within 3 h post-TBI; ERK activation correlated with increased CSF N/OFQ. In conclusion, this study reveals a significant contribution of the N/OFQ-NOP receptor system to TBI-induced dysregulation of cerebral vasculature and suggests that the NOP receptor should be considered as a potential therapeutic target for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar N. Al Yacoub
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Kelly M. Standifer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
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Bangshaab M, Gutierrez A, Huynh KD, Knudsen JS, Arcanjo DDR, Petersen AG, Rungby J, Gejl M, Simonsen U. Different mechanisms involved in liraglutide and glucagon-like peptide-1 vasodilatation in rat mesenteric small arteries. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 176:386-399. [PMID: 30403290 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone that regulates insulin biosynthesis and secretion in a glucose-dependent manner and has been reported to induce vasodilatation. Here, we examined the possible vasorelaxant effect of GLP-1 and its underlying mechanisms. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Rat mesenteric arteries (diameter ≈ 200-400 μm) and human s.c. arteries were mounted in microvascular myographs for isometric tension recordings. The effect of GLP-1 on vascular responses was examined under normoglycaemic conditions and at high glucose concentrations. KEY RESULTS In rat mesenteric arteries and human s.c. arteries without branches, physiological concentrations (1-100 nM) of GLP-1(7-36) and liraglutide failed to cause relaxation or affect contractions evoked by electrical field stimulation. In contrast to GLP-1(7-36), liraglutide induced relaxations antagonized by the GLP-1 receptor antagonist, exendin-(9-39), in branched mesenteric arteries. In contrast to liraglutide, GLP-1 leftward shifted the concentration relaxation curves for bradykinin in s.c. arteries from patients with peripheral arterial disease, an effect resistant to exendin-(9-39). Under normoglycaemic conditions, neither GLP-1 nor liraglutide affected ACh relaxation in rat mesenteric arteries. In arteries exposed to 40 mM glucose, GLP-1, in contrast to liraglutide, potentiated ACh-induced relaxation by a mechanism that was not antagonized by exendin-(9-39). GLP-1 decreased superoxide levels measured with dihydroethidium in rat mesenteric arteries exposed to 40 mM glucose. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS GLP-1 receptors are involved in the liraglutide-induced relaxation of branched arteries, under normoglycaemic conditions, while GLP-1 inhibition of vascular superoxide levels contributes to GLP-1 receptor-independent potentiation of endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in hyperglycaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maj Bangshaab
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Alejandro Gutierrez
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Khiem Dinh Huynh
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jakob Schöllhammer Knudsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Daniel Dias Rufino Arcanjo
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Asbjørn G Petersen
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Rungby
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Endocrinology IC, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Gejl
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ulf Simonsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Kantola I, Scheinin M, Gulbrandsen T, Meland N, Smerud KT. Safety, Tolerability, and Antihypertensive Effect of SER100, an Opiate Receptor-Like 1 (ORL-1) Partial Agonist, in Patients With Isolated Systolic Hypertension. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2016; 6:584-591. [PMID: 28032481 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present trial was to evaluate safety, tolerability, and effect on systolic blood pressure (SBP) of SER100 in a small group of patients with isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) in treatment with at least 1 antihypertensive drug. Eligible patients were randomized to either SER100 (10 mg) or placebo in a crossover design, and 2 doses were given subcutaneously (SC), 8 hours apart, on 2 consecutive days. On all treatment days patients were monitored with an ambulatory blood pressure measurement device for 12 daytime hours. Seventeen patients completed treatment. There were no serious or severe adverse events. Relative to placebo SER100 induced an average reduction of SBP during the 2 treatment days of 7.0 mm Hg (P = 0.0032), whereas the average reduction of diastolic blood pressure (DBP) over the same period was 3.8 mm Hg (P = 0.0011). For patients with ISH, this short-term cross-over study of SC SER100 demonstrated an acceptable safety profile and consistent, significant lowering of SBP and DBP. As initial clinical proof of concept for a new class of drugs, a nociceptin agonist peptide, the results were encouraging and warrant further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilkka Kantola
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | | | | | - Nils Meland
- Smerud Medical Research International AS, Karenslyst alle, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut T Smerud
- Smerud Medical Research International AS, Karenslyst alle, Oslo, Norway
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Villar IC, Bubb KJ, Moyes AJ, Steiness E, Gulbrandsen T, Levy FO, Hobbs AJ. Functional pharmacological characterization of SER100 in cardiovascular health and disease. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:3386-3401. [PMID: 27667485 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE SER100 is a selective nociceptin (NOP) receptor agonist with sodium-potassium-sparing aquaretic and anti-natriuretic activity. This study was designed to characterize the functional cardiovascular pharmacology of SER100 in vitro and in vivo, including experimental models of cardiovascular disease. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Haemodynamic, ECG parameters and heart rate variability (HRV) were determined using radiotelemetry in healthy, conscious mice. The haemodynamic and vascular effects of SER100 were also evaluated in two models of cardiovascular disease, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and murine hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH). To elucidate mechanisms underlying the pharmacology of SER100, acute blood pressure recordings were performed in anaesthetized mice, and the reactivity of rodent aorta and mesenteric arteries in response to electrical- and agonist-stimulation assessed. KEY RESULTS SER100 caused NOP receptor-dependent reductions in mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate that were independent of NO. The hypotensive and vasorelaxant actions of SER100 were potentiated in SHR compared with Wistar Kyoto. Moreover, SER100 reduced several indices of disease severity in experimental PH. Analysis of HRV indicated that SER100 decreased the low/high frequency ratio, an indicator of sympatho-vagal balance, and in electrically stimulated mouse mesenteric arteries SER100 inhibited sympathetic-induced contractions. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS SER100 exerts a chronic hypotensive and bradycardic effects in rodents, including models of systemic and pulmonary hypertension. SER100 produces its cardiovascular effects, at least in part, by inhibition of cardiac and vascular sympathetic activity. SER100 may represent a novel therapeutic candidate in systemic and pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada C Villar
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Kristen J Bubb
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Amie J Moyes
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Finn Olav Levy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Adrian J Hobbs
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Gavioli EC, Calo' G. Nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor antagonists as innovative antidepressant drugs. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 140:10-25. [PMID: 23711793 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) and its receptor (NOP) were identified in the mid 90s as a novel peptidergic system structurally related to opioids. A growing body of preclinical evidence suggests that blockade of NOP receptors evokes antidepressant-like actions. These have been explored using a range of compounds (peptide and non peptide antagonists), across different species (rat and mouse) and assays (behavioral despair and chronic mild stress) suggesting a robust and consistent antidepressant-like effect. Moreover, rats and mice knockout for the NOP receptor gene display an antidepressant-like phenotype in behavioral despair assays. Electrophysiological, immunohistochemical and neurochemical studies point to an important role played by monoaminergic systems, particularly 5-HTergic, in mediating the antidepressant-like properties of NOP antagonists. However other putative mechanisms of action, including modulation of the CRF system, circadian rhythm and a possible neuroendocrine-immune control might be involved. A close relationship between the N/OFQ-NOP receptor system and stress responses is well described in the literature. Stressful situations also alter endocrine, behavioral and neurochemical parameters in rats and chronic administration of a NOP antagonist restored these alterations. Interestingly, clinical findings showed that plasma N/OFQ levels were significantly altered in major and post-partum depression, and bipolar disease patients. Collectively, data in the literature support the notion that blockade of NOP receptor signaling could be a novel and interesting strategy for the development of innovative antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Cristina Gavioli
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59078-970 Natal-RN, Brazil.
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7
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Neurogenic contractions in intraocular porcine ciliary arteries are mediated by α2-adrenoceptors and NPY1 receptors and are inhibited by prostaglandin E2 acting on prejunctional EP4 receptors. Exp Eye Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2012.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Su J, Laursen BE, Eskildsen-Helmond Y, Horsman MR, Simonsen U. The vascular-disrupting agent, combretastatin-A4-phosphate, enhances neurogenic vasoconstriction in rat small arteries. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 695:104-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Revised: 08/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Serrano-Gomez A, Thompson JP, Lambert DG. Nociceptin/orphanin FQ in inflammation and sepsis. Br J Anaesth 2011; 106:6-12. [PMID: 21138900 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aeq337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Nociceptin/orphanin FQ, N/OFQ, and its receptor NOP represent a non-opioid branch of the opioid superfamily that were first studied for their effects on pain responses. Both N/OFQ and NOP are involved in a wide range of 'non-pain' responses including immunomodulation and cardiovascular control. There is now growing interest in this system in inflammation and sepsis, which is the focus of this review article. The N/OFQ-NOP system is present in immune cells and N/OFQ modifies immunocyte function. On the basis of various in vitro and in vivo studies, N/OFQ increases the inflammatory response in healthy anaesthetized animals and in those with a septic or inflammatory process. It affects tissue perfusion, increases capillary leakage and inflammatory markers, and leads to immune cell chemotaxis. Moreover, NOP activation produces bradycardia and hypotension. Systemic N/OFQ administration also increased mortality in an animal model of sepsis, and there is limited evidence for increased plasma N/OFQ concentrations in patients with sepsis who died compared with those who survived. There is a need for further observational and mechanistic studies in patients with established inflammatory processes or sepsis. These studies may facilitate the design of appropriate clinical studies to evaluate NOP ligands as modifiers of the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Serrano-Gomez
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management, University of Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, UK
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Calo' G, Rizzi A, Cifani C, Micioni Di Bonaventura MV, Regoli D, Massi M, Salvadori S, Lambert DG, Guerrini R. UFP-112 a potent and long-lasting agonist selective for the Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ receptor. CNS Neurosci Ther 2010; 17:178-98. [PMID: 20497197 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2009.00107.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) controls several biological functions via selective activation of the N/OFQ peptide receptor (NOP). [(pF)Phe(4) Aib(7) Arg(14) Lys(15) ]N/OFQ-NH(2) (UFP-112) is an NOP receptor ligand designed using a combination of several chemical modifications in the same peptide sequence that increase NOP receptor affinity/potency and/or reduce susceptibility to enzymatic degradation. In the present review article, we summarize data from the literature and present original findings on the in vitro and in vivo pharmacological features of UFP-112. Moreover, important biological actions and possible therapeutic indications of NOP receptor agonists are discussed based on the results obtained with UFP-112 and compared with other peptide and nonpeptide NOP receptor ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girolamo Calo'
- Department Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Pharmacology and Neuroscience Center, University of Ferrara, and National Institute of Neuroscience, Ferrara, Italy.
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McDonald J, Leonard AD, Serrano-Gomez A, Young SP, Swanevelder J, Thompson JP, Lambert DG. Assessment of nociceptin/orphanin FQ and micro-opioid receptor mRNA in the human right atrium. Br J Anaesth 2010; 104:698-704. [PMID: 20413378 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aeq089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The expression of micro (mu: MOP) and nociceptin/orphanin FQ (NOP) receptors in the human myocardium is controversial. In this polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based study using human right atrial biopsies, we have (i) probed for mRNA encoding NOP receptor and its endogenous peptide precursor, ppN/OFQ, and mRNA encoding MOP and (ii) attempted to correlate expression with cardiac function. METHODS mRNA encoding MOP, NOP, and the precursor for NOP (ppN/OFQ) was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR (Q-PCR) using validated TaqMan primers and compared with a housekeeper (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, GAPDH). Q-PCR data are expressed as the difference in cycle threshold (DeltaC(t)=C(tGene of interest)-C(tGAPDH): high value, low expression) and patients were grouped according to left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). RESULTS Forty patients were recruited; NOP, MOP, and ppN/OFQ mRNA were measured in 38, 29, and 10 patients, respectively. DeltaC(t) (median and range) values for NOP and MOP were 10.9 (7.8-13.7) and 16.0 (12.3-18.9), respectively, representing low expression of MOP and approximately 34-fold more NOP. MOP mRNA was not detected in seven samples and with DeltaC(t) values of approximately 20, ppN/OFQ was considered absent. When patients were grouped into normal (>50%) and impaired (<50%) LVEF, there was no difference between the groups for either NOP or MOP. In some patients, intraoperative LVEF was estimated using transoesophageal echocardiography, and there was no correlation with either NOP or MOP. CONCLUSIONS The human right atrium of patients with coronary artery disease and heart failure expresses mRNA encoding NOP and possibly low levels of MOP. This does not correlate with degree of cardiac dysfunction. In addition, the atrium does not express ppN/OFQ mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J McDonald
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (Pharmacology and Therapeutics Group), Division of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management, University of Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, UK
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12
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Kroigaard C, Dalsgaard T, Simonsen U. Mechanisms underlying epithelium-dependent relaxation in rat bronchioles: analogy to EDHF-type relaxation in rat pulmonary arteries. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2010; 298:L531-42. [DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00220.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the mechanisms underlying epithelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EpDHF)-type relaxation in rat bronchioles. Immunohistochemistry was performed, and rat bronchioles and pulmonary arteries were mounted in microvascular myographs for functional studies. An opener of small (SKCa) and intermediate (IKCa)-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels, NS309 (6,7-dichloro-1H-indole-2,3-dione 3-oxime) was used to induce EpDHF-type relaxation. IKCa and SKCa3 positive immunoreactions were observed mainly in the epithelium and endothelium of bronchioles and arteries, respectively. In 5-hydroxytryptamine (1 μM)-contracted bronchioles (828 ± 20 μm, n = 84) and U46619 (0.03 μM)-contracted arteries (720 ± 24 μm, n = 68), NS309 (0.001–10 μM) induced concentration-dependent relaxations that were reduced by epithelium/endothelium removal and by blocking IKCa channels with charybdotoxin and in bronchioles also by blocking SKCa channels with apamin. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase, nitric oxide synthase, and cytochrome 2C isoenzymes, or blockade of large (BKCa)-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels with iberiotoxin, failed to reduce NS309 relaxation. In contrast to the pulmonary arteries, relaxations to a β2-adrenoceptor agonist, salbutamol, were reduced in bronchioles by removing the epithelium or blocking IKCa and/or SKCa channels. Extracellular K+ (2–20 mM) induced relaxation in both bronchioles and arteries. An inhibitor of Na+-K+-ATPase, ouabain, abolished relaxations to NS309, salbutamol, and K+. These results suggest that IKCa and SKCa3 channels are located in the epithelium of bronchioles and endothelium of pulmonary arteries. Analog to the endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF)-type relaxation in pulmonary arteries, these channels may be involved in EpDHF-type relaxation of bronchioles caused by epithelial K+ efflux followed by activation of Na+-K+-ATPase in the underlying smooth muscle layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christel Kroigaard
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thomas Dalsgaard
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ulf Simonsen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Abstract
This paper is the 31st consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2008 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (Section 2), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (Section 3); stress and social status (Section 4); tolerance and dependence (Section 5); learning and memory (Section 6); eating and drinking (Section 7); alcohol and drugs of abuse (Section 8); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (Section 9); mental illness and mood (Section 10); seizures and neurologic disorders (Section 11); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (Section 12); general activity and locomotion (Section 13); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (Section 14); cardiovascular responses (Section 15); respiration and thermoregulation (Section 16); and immunological responses (Section 17).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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14
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Fischetti C, Rizzi A, Gavioli EC, Marzola G, Trapella C, Guerrini R, Petersen JS, Calo G. Further studies on the pharmacological features of the nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor ligand ZP120. Peptides 2009; 30:248-55. [PMID: 18992780 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2008.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2008] [Revised: 10/03/2008] [Accepted: 10/03/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
ZP120 is a nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) peptide receptor (NOP) ligand. In previous studies, the effects of ZP120 were found to be sensitive to J-113397 in mouse tissues while resistant to UFP-101 in rat tissues. The aim of this study was to further investigate the ZP120 pharmacological profile using mouse and rat preparations, J-113397 and UFP-101, as well as NOP receptor knockout (NOP(-/-)) mice. Electrically stimulated mouse and rat vas deferens were used to characterize the pharmacology of ZP120 in vitro. For in vivo studies the tail-withdrawal assay was performed in wild type (NOP(+/+)) and NOP knockout (NOP(-/-)) mice. In the mouse and rat vas deferens ZP120 mimicked the effects of N/OFQ showing higher potency but lower maximal effects. In both preparations, J-113397 antagonized N/OFQ and ZP120 effects showing similar pK(B) values ( approximately 7.8). UFP-101 antagonized the actions of N/OFQ (pK(B) values approximately 7.3) but did not modify the effects of ZP120. The inhibitory effects of N/OFQ and ZP120 were no longer evident in vas deferens tissues taken from NOP(-/-) mice. In NOP(+/+) mice subjected to the tail-withdrawal assay, ZP120 (1 nmol) mimicked the pronociceptive action of N/OFQ (10 nmol), producing longer lasting effects. The effects of both peptides were absent in NOP(-/-) animals. The NOP receptor ligand ZP120 is a high potency NOP selective partial agonist able to evoke long-lasting effects; its diverse antagonist sensitivity in comparison with N/OFQ may derive from different modality of binding to the NOP receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Fischetti
- Department Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Pharmacology and Neuroscience Center, University of Ferrara, and National Institute of Neuroscience, Ferrara, Italy
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The nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor: a target with broad therapeutic potential. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2008; 7:694-710. [DOI: 10.1038/nrd2572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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