1
|
Stem cells out of the bag: characterization of ex vivo expanded mesenchymal stromal cells for possible clinical use. Future Sci OA 2020; 6:FSO449. [PMID: 32140248 PMCID: PMC7050601 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2019-0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are a promising tool for cellular therapy and regenerative medicine. One major difficulty in establishing a MSC expansion protocol is the large volume of bone marrow (BM) required. We studied whether cells trapped within a collection bag and filter system could be considered as a source of MSC. Results: From the 20 BM collection bag and filter systems, we recovered an average of 1.68 × 108 mononuclear cells, which is the equivalent to 60 ml of filtered BM. Mononuclear cells were expanded ex vivo to 17 × 106 MSC, with purity shown by a CD44+, CD105+, CD90+ and CD73+ immunophenotype, a reduction of 20% proliferating cells in a mixed lymphocyte reaction and also the ability of adipocyte differentiation. Conclusion: Long-term MSC cultures were established from the usually discarded BM collection bag and filter, maintaining an appropriate phenotype and function, being suitable for both investigation and clinical settings. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are a promising tool for cellular therapy and regenerative medicine. One major difficulty in obtaining MSC is the large volume of bone marrow (BM) required from a healthy donor. From usually discarded collection bags of BM collected for transplant, we recovered a number of cells equivalent to 60 ml of BM and expanded functional MSC with high purity. We believe that those recovered cells are an alternative to BM for obtaining MSC. The routinely recovery of such cells in reference centers, in a way similar to a public cord-blood bank, could benefit the scientific community, once further research is conducted to confirm results.
Collapse
|
2
|
In Vitro Mesenchymal Progenitor Cell Expansion is a Predictor of Transplant-related Mortality and acute GvHD III-IV After Bone Marrow Transplantation in Univariate Analysis: A Large Single-Center Experience. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2019; 41:42-46. [PMID: 30113355 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000001281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells able to differentiate into mesenchymal origin tissue and support the growth of hematopoietic stem cells. In order to understand the role of MSCs infused in bone marrow grafts, 53 consecutive patients were analyzed for engraftment, acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), transplant-related mortality (TRM), relapse incidence, and overall survival. The MSC content was measured as MSC expansion at the second passage. When in vitro-expanded MSC (cumulative population doubling at second passage, cPDp2) values were stratified according to the median value (2.2-fold increase), the univariate analysis showed a significant difference in TRM (23% vs. 3.8%, P=0.05.) and in acute GvHD III-IV incidence (12% vs. 4%, P=0.04), while the multivariate analysis did not confirm its independent role. No clinical parameters in donors and recipients were identified as predictors of cPDp2 expansion. Our study suggests a role for short-term ex vivo-expanded MSCs in reduced aGVHD III-IV incidence and TRM in univariate analysis. A multicenter, larger study is warranted to confirm these data.
Collapse
|
3
|
Moqattash S, Lutton JD. Leukemia Cells and the Cytokine Network: Therapeutic Prospects. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 229:121-37. [PMID: 14734791 DOI: 10.1177/153537020422900201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The network and balance of cytokines is of major importance in maintaining proper homeostasis of hematopoiesis. Abnormalities in this network may result in a variety of blood disorders; however, the role of this network is not clear in leukemia. The use of antineoplastic agents has improved the survival rate of some types of leukemia, and adjunctive therapy with cytokines may be helpful. Chemotherapeutic approaches are no longer the best choice because cytotoxicity may affect normal and leukemic cells, and leukemic cells may develop resistance to the chemotherapeutic agent. Induction of differentiation to a mature phenotype and the control of apoptotic-gene expression have provided other possible alternative therapies. Combined effects of cytokines and vitamin derivatives such as retinoic acid (RA) and 1, 25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD3) were found more beneficial than any of these agents individually. These agents exhibit cooperative effects, potentiate each other's effects, or both. Therefore, understanding the hematopoietic actions of these agents, their interactions with their receptors, and their differentiation signaling pathways may result In the design of new therapies. However, the role of cytokines in apoptosis is controversial because in some cases they were found to increase tumor cell resistance to apoptosis-inducing agents. Recent studies in the molecular biology of gene regulation, transcription factors, and repressors have led to new possible approaches such as differentiation therapy for the treatment of leukemia. In addition, the development of drugs that act on the molecular level such as imatinib is just the beginning of a new era in molecular targeted therapy in which the drug acts specifically on the leukemic cell. There are many possible combinations of cytokines, retinoids, and VD3, and perhaps the best therapeutic combination is yet to be described. This minireview is an update on the role of cytokines and the therapeutic potential of combinations with agents such as RA, VD3, and other chemotherapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satei Moqattash
- Department of Human and Clinical Anatomy, College of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Deus GCD, Normanton M, Hamerschlak N, Kondo AT, Ribeiro AAF, Goldberg AC, Marti LC. Isolation and characterization of mesenchymal stem cells obtained from reusable and disposable bone marrow collection filters. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2013; 10:296-301. [PMID: 23386007 DOI: 10.1590/s1679-45082012000300007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare human mesenchymal stem cells obtained from reusable and disposable filters and to characterize them according to the criteria of the International Society of Cellular Therapy. METHODS Human mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from bone marrow collection reusable sets and compared with those obtained from disposable sets by washing the filters with cell culture media. The isolated cells were characterized according to the criteria of the International Society of Cellular Therapy using flow cytometry, differentiation in vitro, and cytochemistry techniques. RESULTS Samples were obtained from disposable (n=3) and from reusable collection sets (n=3). All samples obtained from bone marrow disposable sets successfully produced mesenchymal stem cells. All bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells were characterized and fulfilled the criteria established by International Society of Cellular Therapy. CONCLUSION This study showed that mesenchymal stem cells can also be obtained from reusable collection sets (which are still used in several centers around the world) to be employed in research as an alternative and ethical source.
Collapse
|
5
|
Assessing adipogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells: a rapid three-dimensional culture screening technique. Stem Cells Int 2013; 2013:806525. [PMID: 23431315 PMCID: PMC3574742 DOI: 10.1155/2013/806525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Revised: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the potential to differentiate into a number of phenotypes, including adipocytes. Adipogenic differentiation has traditionally been performed in monolayer culture, and, while the expression of a fat-cell phenotype can be achieved, this culture method is labor and material intensive and results in only small numbers of fragile adherent cells, which are not very useful for further applications. Aggregate culture is a cell-culture technique in which cells are induced to form three-dimensional aggregates; this method has previously been used successfully, among others, to induce and study chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs. We have previously published an adaptation of the chondrogenic aggregate culture method to a 96-well plate format. Based on the success of this method, we have used the same format for the preparation of three-dimensional adipogenic cultures. The MSCs differentiate rapidly, the aggregates can be handled and processed for histologic and biochemical assays with ease, and the format offers significant savings in supplies and labor. As a differentiation assay, this method can distinguish between degrees of senescence and appears suitable for testing medium or drug formulations in a high-volume, high-throughput fashion.
Collapse
|
6
|
Insausti CL, Blanquer Blanquer M, Meseguer Olmo L, López-Martínez MC, Férez Ruiz X, Rodríguez Lozano FJ, Cabañas Perianes V, Funes C, Nicolás FJ, Majado MJ, Moraleda Jiménez JM. Isolation and Characterization of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from the Fat Layer on the Density Gradient Separated Bone Marrow. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 21:260-72. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2010.0572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen L. Insausti
- Unidad de Terapia Celular, Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Miguel Blanquer Blanquer
- Unidad de Terapia Celular, Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Luis Meseguer Olmo
- Unidad de Terapia Celular, Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - María C. López-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular and TGFß, Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Xavier Férez Ruiz
- Unidad de Terapia Celular, Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Rodríguez Lozano
- Unidad de Terapia Celular, Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Valentín Cabañas Perianes
- Unidad de Terapia Celular, Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Consuelo Funes
- Unidad de Terapia Celular, Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Nicolás
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular and TGFß, Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - María J. Majado
- Unidad de Terapia Celular, Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - José M. Moraleda Jiménez
- Unidad de Terapia Celular, Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
- Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Auletta JJ, Zale EA, Welter JF, Solchaga LA. Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 Enhances Expansion of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells without Diminishing Their Immunosuppressive Potential. Stem Cells Int 2011; 2011:235176. [PMID: 21437189 PMCID: PMC3062108 DOI: 10.4061/2011/235176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the main curative therapy for many hematologic malignancies. Its potential relies on graft-versus-tumor effects which associate with graft-versus-host disease. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) possess immunomodulatory properties that make them attractive therapeutic alternatives. We evaluated the in vitro immunosuppressive activity of medium conditioned by human MSCs from 5 donors expanded 13 passages with or without FGF-2. FGF-2 supplementation increased expansion 3,500- and 240,000-fold by passages 7 and 13, respectively. There were no differences in immunosuppressive activity between media conditioned by passage-matched cells expanded under different conditions, but media conditioned by FGF-treated MSCs were superior to population doubling-matched controls. The immunosuppressive activity was maintained in three of the preparations but decreased with expansion in two. The proliferation induced by FGF-2 did not result in loss of immunosuppressive activity. However, because the immunosuppressive activity was not consistently preserved, caution must be exercised to ensure that the activity of the cells is sufficient after extensive expansion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery J Auletta
- Divisions of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Solchaga LA, Penick K, Goldberg VM, Caplan AI, Welter JF. Fibroblast growth factor-2 enhances proliferation and delays loss of chondrogenic potential in human adult bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2010; 16:1009-19. [PMID: 19842915 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2009.0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We compared human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), expanded long term with and without fibroblast growth factor (FGF) supplementation, with respect to proliferation, and the ability to undergo chondrogenesis in vitro. hMSCs expanded in FGF-supplemented medium proliferated more rapidly than the control cells. Aggregates of FGF-treated cells exhibited chondrogenic differentiation at all passages tested although, in some preparations, differentiation was diminished after seventh passage. Aggregates made with control cells differentiated along the chondrogenic lineage after first passage but exhibited only marginal differentiation after fourth and failed to form cartilage after seventh passage. Microarray analysis of gene expression identified 334 transcripts differentially expressed in fourth passage control cells that had reduced chondrogenic potential, compared with the fourth passage FGF-treated cells that retained this capacity, and 243 transcripts that were differentially expressed when comparing them to the first passage control cells that were also capable of differentiating into chondrocytes. The intersection of these analyses yielded 49 transcripts differentially expressed in cells that exhibited chondrogenic differentiation in vitro compared with the cells that did not. Among these, angiopoietin 1, secreted frizzled-related protein 1, and six transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 1 appear to be of higher relevance. These preliminary data must now be validated to verify whether different gene expression profiles translate into functional differences. In summary, these findings suggest that the chondrogenic potential of hMSCs is vulnerable to cell expansion and that care should be exercised when expanding these cells for cartilage tissue engineering applications. Supplementation with FGF-2 allows reaching target cell numbers more rapidly and extends the level of expansion within which these cells are useful for tissue-engineered cartilage repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Solchaga
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of General Medical Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106-7080, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Markx GH, Carney L, Littlefair M, Sebastian A, Buckle AM. Recreating the hematon: microfabrication of artificial haematopoietic stem cell microniches in vitro using dielectrophoresis. Biomed Microdevices 2008; 11:143-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-008-9219-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
10
|
Vicente D, Podestà M, Pitto A, Pozzi S, Lucchetti S, Lamparelli T, Tedone E, Ibatici A, Figari O, Frassoni F, Van Lint MT, Piaggio G, Sacchi N, Bacigalupo A. Progenitor cells trapped in marrow filters can reduce GvHD and transplant mortality. Bone Marrow Transplant 2006; 38:111-7. [PMID: 16751783 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1705413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A bone marrow harvest is filtered either in the operating room, in the laboratory or during infusion to the patient. Filters are usually discarded. Little is known of haemopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) trapped in the filters. The aim of the study was to evaluate HPC content in the filters and to assess the outcome of transplants with filter-discarded or filter-recovered cells. Haemopoietic progenitors were grown from filters of 19 marrow transplants. We then compared the outcome of 39 filter-recovered transplants from HLA-identical siblings (years 2001-2004) with a matched cohort of 43 filter-discarded marrow grafts (years 1997-2000). Filters contained on average 21% long-term culture-initiating cells (LTC-IC) and 15% fibroblasts colony-forming units (CFU-F) of the total progenitor cell content. Filter-discarded transplants had significantly more grade II-IV graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) (42 vs 15%, P=0.008) as compared to filter-recovered transplants, and more transplant-related mortality (TRM) (20 vs 3%, P=0.04). The actuarial survival at 5 years is 69 vs 87%, respectively (P=0.15). This study suggests that a significant proportion of LTC-IC is lost in the filters together with CFU-F. Recovery and add back of progenitors trapped in the filters may reduce GvHD and TRM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Vicente
- Divisione Ematologia 2, Ospedale San Martino, Genova, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tae SK, Lee SH, Park JS, Im GI. Mesenchymal stem cells for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Biomed Mater 2006; 1:63-71. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/1/2/003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
12
|
Tondreau T, Meuleman N, Delforge A, Dejeneffe M, Leroy R, Massy M, Mortier C, Bron D, Lagneaux L. Mesenchymal stem cells derived from CD133-positive cells in mobilized peripheral blood and cord blood: proliferation, Oct4 expression, and plasticity. Stem Cells 2005; 23:1105-12. [PMID: 15955825 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2004-0330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we used a common procedure to assess the potential of mobilized peripheral blood (MPB) and umbilical cord blood (UCB) as sources of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in comparison with bone marrow (BM). We tested three methods: plastic adhesion supplemented with 5% of BM-MSC conditioned medium, unsupplemented plastic adhesion, and selection of CD133-positive cells. MSCs derived from MPB or UCB are identified by their positive expression of mesenchymal (SH2, SH3) and negative expression of hematopoietic markers (CD14, CD34, CD45, HLA-DR). We observed that the CD133-positive cell fraction contains more MSCs with high proliferative potential. Placed in appropriate conditions, these cells proved their capacity to differentiate into adipocytes, osteocytes, chondrocytes, and neuronal/glial cells. MPB- and UCB-MSCs express Oct4, a transcriptional binding factor present in undifferentiated cells with high proliferative capacity. The selection of CD133-positive cells enabled us to obtain a homogeneous population of MSCs from UCB and MPB. These sources may have a major clinical importance thanks to their easy accessibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Tondreau
- Jules Bordet Institute, 121 Bd de Waterloo, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Le Blanc K, Ringdén O. Immunobiology of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Future Use in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2005; 11:321-34. [PMID: 15846285 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2005.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may be derived from adult bone marrow, fat, and several fetal tissues. In vitro, MSCs can be expanded and have the capacity to differentiate into several mesenchymal tissues, such as bone, cartilage, and fat. They escape the immune system in vitro, and this may make them candidates for cellular therapy in an allogeneic setting. They also have immunomodulatory effects, inhibit T-cell proliferation in mixed lymphocyte cultures, prolong skin allograft survival, and may decrease graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) when cotransplanted with hematopoietic stem cells. MSCs induce their immunosuppressive effect via a soluble factor. Some candidates have been suggested, and various mechanisms have also been suggested, although contradictory data exist; this may be due to differences in the cells and systems tested. A major problem has been that it has been difficult to identify and isolate MSCs after transplantation in vivo. However, MSCs seem to enhance hematopoietic engraftment in recipients of autologous and allogeneic grafts. Recently, they were found to reverse grade IV acute GVHD of the gut and liver. No tolerance was induced, however. Controlled studies are warranted. Thus, in allogeneic stem cell transplantation, MSCs may be used for hematopoiesis enhancement, as GVHD prophylaxis, and for the treatment of severe acute GVHD. They are also of potential use in the treatment of organ transplant rejection and in autoimmune inflammatory bowel disorders where immunomodulation and tissue repair are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Le Blanc
- Center for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kawakami M, Kimura T, Kishimoto Y, Tatekawa T, Baba Y, Nishizaki T, Matsuzaki N, Taniguchi Y, Yoshihara S, Ikegame K, Shirakata T, Nishida S, Masuda T, Hosen N, Tsuboi A, Oji Y, Oka Y, Ogawa H, Sonoda Y, Sugiyama H, Kawase I, Soma T. Preferential expression of the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptor VPAC1 in human cord blood-derived CD34+CD38- cells: possible role of VIP as a growth-promoting factor for hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Leukemia 2004; 18:912-21. [PMID: 14999295 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2403330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Primitive hematopoietic progenitor cells such as severe combined immunodeficiency- repopulating cells and long-term culture-initiating cells are enriched in CD34+CD38- cells derived from various stem cell sources. In this study, to elucidate the features of such primitive cells at the molecular level, we tried to isolate genes that were preferentially expressed in umbilical cord blood (CB)-derived CD34+CD38- cells by subtractive hybridization. The gene for VPAC1 receptor, a receptor for the neuropeptide vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), was thereby isolated and it was shown that this gene was expressed in both CD34+CD38- and CD34+CD38+ CB cells and that the expression levels were higher in CD34+CD38- CB cells. Next, we assessed the effects of VIP on the proliferation of CD34+ CB cells using in vitro culture systems. In serum-free single-cell suspension culture, VIP enhanced clonal growth of CD34+ CB cells in synergy with FLT3 ligand (FL), stem cell factor (SCF), and thrombopoietin (TPO). In serum-free clonogenic assays, VIP promoted myeloid (colony-forming unit-granulocyte/macrophage (CFU-GM)) and mixed (CFU-Mix) colony formations. Furthermore, in Dexter-type long-term cultures, VIP increased colony-forming cells at week 5 of culture. These results suggest that VIP functions as a growth-promoting factor of CB-derived hematopoetic progenitor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Kawakami
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Boiret N, Rapatel C, Boisgard S, Charrier S, Tchirkov A, Bresson C, Camilleri L, Berger J, Guillouard L, Guérin JJ, Pigeon P, Chassagne J, Berger MG. CD34+CDw90(Thy-1)+ subset colocated with mesenchymal progenitors in human normal bone marrow hematon units is enriched in colony-forming unit megakaryocytes and long-term culture-initiating cells. Exp Hematol 2004; 31:1275-83. [PMID: 14662335 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2003.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The progress made in the supportive care of allografts and the identification of mesenchymal stem cells in adult human bone marrow (BM) has prompted renewed interest in the use of BM as a form of cell therapy. With the aim of optimizing the collection of BM cells, we evaluated the hematopoietic and mesenchymal immature cell contents of BM hematon units (HUs), which usually are eliminated during graft processing. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hematopoietic CD34+ progenitors from HU and buffy coat (BC) compartments were characterized in short-term culture. The sorted CD34+CDw90(Thy-1)+ primitive subset was assessed in colony-forming cell (CFC) and long-term culture-initiating cell (LTC-IC) assays, then further characterized by the expression of additional antigens. In parallel, we evaluated the colony-forming unit fibroblast (CFU-F) number and phenotyped the fresh adherent (D1-3) cells. RESULTS The plating efficiencies of CD34+ cells derived from HU and BC were identical. However, the HU CD34+CDw90(Thy-1)+ subset was enriched in colony-forming unit megakaryocyte (2.3x), LTC-IC (4.6x), and cells coexpressing CD105 (5x). We found a higher frequency of CFU-F (4.7x), considered to be the mesenchymal stem cell-containing population, correlated with an enrichment in fresh adherent (CD45/GPA)-CD14- cells. CONCLUSIONS We show for the first time that functional properties of the CD34+CDw90+ subset are related to its in vivo location in HU, which may represent the BM mesenchymal reserve compartment. The location in HU of 35.6%, 59.1%, and 58.7% of CD34+ cells, CD34+CDw90+ LTC-IC, and CFU-F, respectively, justifies the development of a procedure to collect them in order to reduce the therapeutic BM volume.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Boiret
- Hématologie Biologique, U.F. de Biologie et Caractérisation Cellulaires, Hématologie, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, 28 place Henri Dunant-BP 38, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Fazzi R, Galimberti S, Testi R, Pacini S, Trasciatti S, Rosini S, Petrini M. Bone and bone marrow interactions: hematological activity of osteoblastic growth peptide (OGP)-derived carboxy-terminal pentapeptide. II. Action on human hematopoietic stem cells. Leuk Res 2002; 26:839-48. [PMID: 12127560 DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(02)00008-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) is a peptide exerting regulatory effects on the bone and on bone marrow. The carboxy-terminal pentapeptide (OGP10-14) is the biologically active portion of OGP. We evaluated OGP10-14 hematopoietic activity performing colony-forming tests on human stem cells derived by bone marrow, peripheral blood and cord blood. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming unit (CFU) were significantly increased in OGP10-14-treated samples, while granulocyte-erythrocyte-monocyte-megakaryocyte CFU and burst-forming unit (BFU) erythroid were increased only in the cord blood test.Moreover, OGP10-14 preserves stem cells self renewal potential in long-term culture (LTC) initiating cells and acts directly on CD34+ enriched cells or by increasing activity of stem cell factor (SCF) and granulocyte-megakaryocyte colony-stimulating factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Fazzi
- Department of Oncology, Transplants and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hematology Division, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Within the bone marrow stroma there exists a subset of nonhematopoietic cells referred to as mesenchymal stem or mesenchymal progenitor cells. These cells can be ex vivo expanded and induced, either in vitro or in vivo, to terminally differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, tenocytes, myotubes, neural cells, and hematopoietic-supporting stroma. The multipotential of these cells, their easy isolation and culture, as well as their high ex vivo expansive potential make these cells an attractive therapeutic tool. In this work we will review the information dealing with the biology of mesenchymal progenitors as it has been revealed mainly by ex vivo studies performed with bone marrow-derived cells. The discussed topics include, among others, characteristics of mesenchymal progenitors, evidence for the existence of a vast repertoire of uncommitted and committed progenitors both in the bone marrow and in mesenchymal tissues, a diagram for their proliferative hierarchy, and comments on mobilization, microenvironment, and clinical use of mesenchymal progenitors. Despite the enormous data available at molecular and cellular levels, it is evident that a number of fundamental questions still need to be resolved before mesenchymal progenitors can be used for safe and effective clinical applications in the context of both cell and gene therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J J Minguell
- Unidad de Biología Celular, INTA, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 138, Santiago 11, Chile.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ontogenic emergence of the hematon, a morphogenetic stromal unit that supports multipotential hematopoietic progenitors in mouse bone marrow. Blood 2000. [DOI: 10.1182/blood.v96.12.3763.h8003763_3763_3771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of the full repertoire of hematopoietic-lymphopoietic cells from a single stem cell requires specific contacts with stromal cells. The spatio-temporal organization of these cell associations in the bone marrow in ontogeny is, however, not well understood. In the adult, 10% of marrow cells form a cohort of compact aggregates, the hematon. In the hematon mesenchymal cells (Stro-1+), perivascular lipocytes (desmin+), endothelial cells (CD34+, Flk-1+, Sca-1+), and macrophages amalgamate with the hematopoietic progenitors long-term culture-initiating cells (LTC-IC), cobblestone area–forming cell (CAFC), high-proliferative-potential colony-forming unit (HPP-CFU), granulocyte-macrophage (GM)–CFU, and burst-forming unit–erythroid (BFU-E). During endochondral ossification of the femur, GM-CFU and day 7 CAFC numbers increased progressively from day 17 of gestation, but primitive, day 35 LTC-IC appeared from postnatal day 2. Unexpectedly, bone marrow (BM) taken between embryonic day 17 and day 5 was unable to support myeloid cell production in long-term cultures or to support day 35 LTC-IC growth. However, a gain in stromal cell competence occurred between days 7 and 10, which was correlated with the emergence of hematon in the BM. Thus, acquisition of hematopoietic competence by BM lags behind for approximately 10 days after the initial hematopoietic cell influx. In the adult, the hematon fraction was 3.7-fold enriched in day 35 LTC-IC over the buffy coat. It produced more GM-CFU and HPP-CFU in myeloid culture and more B cells in lymphopoietic “switch” cultures. It is reported that stromal hematopoietic units named hematons are specific morphogenetic structures that emerge at a well-defined postnatal stage of development in long bones, delineate discrete territories for hematopoietic stem cell seeding and development, embody the most productive hematogenous compartment in the BM, and probably enclose a morphogenetic organizer.
Collapse
|
19
|
Ontogenic emergence of the hematon, a morphogenetic stromal unit that supports multipotential hematopoietic progenitors in mouse bone marrow. Blood 2000. [DOI: 10.1182/blood.v96.12.3763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Development of the full repertoire of hematopoietic-lymphopoietic cells from a single stem cell requires specific contacts with stromal cells. The spatio-temporal organization of these cell associations in the bone marrow in ontogeny is, however, not well understood. In the adult, 10% of marrow cells form a cohort of compact aggregates, the hematon. In the hematon mesenchymal cells (Stro-1+), perivascular lipocytes (desmin+), endothelial cells (CD34+, Flk-1+, Sca-1+), and macrophages amalgamate with the hematopoietic progenitors long-term culture-initiating cells (LTC-IC), cobblestone area–forming cell (CAFC), high-proliferative-potential colony-forming unit (HPP-CFU), granulocyte-macrophage (GM)–CFU, and burst-forming unit–erythroid (BFU-E). During endochondral ossification of the femur, GM-CFU and day 7 CAFC numbers increased progressively from day 17 of gestation, but primitive, day 35 LTC-IC appeared from postnatal day 2. Unexpectedly, bone marrow (BM) taken between embryonic day 17 and day 5 was unable to support myeloid cell production in long-term cultures or to support day 35 LTC-IC growth. However, a gain in stromal cell competence occurred between days 7 and 10, which was correlated with the emergence of hematon in the BM. Thus, acquisition of hematopoietic competence by BM lags behind for approximately 10 days after the initial hematopoietic cell influx. In the adult, the hematon fraction was 3.7-fold enriched in day 35 LTC-IC over the buffy coat. It produced more GM-CFU and HPP-CFU in myeloid culture and more B cells in lymphopoietic “switch” cultures. It is reported that stromal hematopoietic units named hematons are specific morphogenetic structures that emerge at a well-defined postnatal stage of development in long bones, delineate discrete territories for hematopoietic stem cell seeding and development, embody the most productive hematogenous compartment in the BM, and probably enclose a morphogenetic organizer.
Collapse
|
20
|
Minguell JJ, Conget P, Erices A. Biology and clinical utilization of mesenchymal progenitor cells. Braz J Med Biol Res 2000; 33:881-7. [PMID: 10920429 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2000000800003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Within the complex cellular arrangement found in the bone marrow stroma there exists a subset of nonhematopoietic cells referred to as mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPC). These cells can be expanded ex vivo and induced, either in vitro or in vivo, to terminally differentiate into at least seven types of cells: osteocytes, chondrocytes, adipocytes, tenocytes, myotubes, astrocytes and hematopoietic-supporting stroma. This broad multipotentiality, the feasibility to obtain MPC from bone marrow, cord and peripheral blood and their transplantability support the impact that the use of MPC will have in clinical settings. However, a number of fundamental questions about the cellular and molecular biology of MPC still need to be resolved before these cells can be used for safe and effective cell and gene therapies intended to replace, repair or enhance the physiological function of the mesenchymal and/or hematopoietic systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J J Minguell
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular, INTA, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|