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Zinoveva AD, Borisova TN, Titov AA, Ilyushenkova VV, Rybakov VB, Sorokina EA, Varlamov AV, Voskressensky LG. Facile synthesis of indolizino[8,7- b]indole and pyrido[1,2- a:3,4- b’]diindole derivatives based on domino reactions of 1-aroyl-3,4-dihydro- β-carbolines. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2022.2145903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna D. Zinoveva
- Organic Chemistry Department, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana N. Borisova
- Organic Chemistry Department, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander A. Titov
- Organic Chemistry Department, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Valentina V. Ilyushenkova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Victor B. Rybakov
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Mosсow, Russian Federation
| | - Elena A. Sorokina
- Organic Chemistry Department, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey V. Varlamov
- Organic Chemistry Department, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Leonid G. Voskressensky
- Organic Chemistry Department, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian Federation
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2
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Singh R, Bhardwaj VK, Sharma J, Das P, Purohit R. Identification of selective cyclin-dependent kinase 2 inhibitor from the library of pyrrolone-fused benzosuberene compounds: an in silico exploration. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:7693-7701. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1900918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Singh
- Structural Bioinformatics Lab, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, India
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Bhardwaj
- Structural Bioinformatics Lab, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, India
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Jatin Sharma
- Structural Bioinformatics Lab, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, India
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, India
| | - Pralay Das
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, India
| | - Rituraj Purohit
- Structural Bioinformatics Lab, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, India
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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3
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Dhir T, Schultz CW, Jain A, Brown SZ, Haber A, Goetz A, Xi C, Su GH, Xu L, Posey J, Jiang W, Yeo CJ, Golan T, Pishvaian MJ, Brody JR. Abemaciclib Is Effective Against Pancreatic Cancer Cells and Synergizes with HuR and YAP1 Inhibition. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:2029-2041. [PMID: 31383722 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-0589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mutation or promoter hypermethylation of CDKN2A is found in over 90% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) and leads to loss of function of cell-cycle inhibitors p16 (INK4A) and p14 (ARF) resulting in unchecked proliferation. The CDK4/6 inhibitor, abemaciclib, has nanomolar IC50s in PDAC cell lines and decreases growth through inhibition of phospho-Rb (pRb), G1 cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis, and the senescent phenotype detected with β-galactosidase staining and relevant mRNA elevations. Daily abemaciclib treatments in mouse PDAC xenograft studies were safe and demonstrated a 3.2-fold decrease in tumor volume compared with no treatment (P < 0.0001) accompanying a decrease in both pRb and Ki67. We determined that inhibitors of HuR (ELAVL1), a prosurvival mRNA stability factor that regulates cyclin D1, and an inhibitor of Yes-Associated Protein 1 (YAP1), a pro-oncogenic, transcriptional coactivator important for CDK6 and cyclin D1, were both synergistic with abemaciclib. Accordingly, siRNA oligonucleotides targeted against HuR, YAP1, and their common target cyclin D1, validated the synergy studies. In addition, we have seen increased sensitivity to abemaciclib in a PDAC cell line that harbors a loss of the ELAVL1 gene via CRISP-Cas9 technology. As an in vitro model for resistance, we investigated the effects of long-term abemaciclib exposure. PDAC cells chronically cultured with abemaciclib displayed a reduction in cellular growth rates (GR) and coresistance to gemcitabine and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), but not to HuR or YAP1 inhibitors as compared with no treatment controls. We believe that our data provide compelling preclinical evidence for an abemaciclib combination-based clinical trial in patients with PDAC. IMPLICATIONS: Our data suggest that abemaciclib may be therapeutically relevant for the treatment in PDAC, especially as part of a combination regimen inhibiting YAP1 or HuR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teena Dhir
- Department of Surgery, Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Christopher W Schultz
- Department of Surgery, Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Aditi Jain
- Department of Surgery, Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Samantha Z Brown
- Department of Surgery, Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alex Haber
- Department of Surgery, Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Austin Goetz
- Department of Surgery, Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Chunhua Xi
- The Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Gloria H Su
- The Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Liang Xu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - James Posey
- Department of Surgery, Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Surgery, Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Charles J Yeo
- Department of Surgery, Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Talia Golan
- Oncology institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Jonathan R Brody
- Department of Surgery, Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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4
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Yoon KJ, Zhang D, Kim SJ, Lee MC, Moon HY. Exercise-induced AMPK activation is involved in delay of skeletal muscle senescence. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 512:604-610. [PMID: 30910357 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.03.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of senescent cells leads to aging related phenotypes in various organs. Sarcopenia is a frequently observed aging-related disease, which is associated with the loss of muscle mass and functional disability. Physical activity represents the most critical treatment method for preventing decreased muscle size, mass and strength. However, the underlying mechanism as to how physical activity provides this beneficial effect on muscle function has not yet been fully understood. In particular, one unresolved question about aging is how the boost in catabolism induced by aerobic exercise affects skeletal muscle atrophy and other senescence phenotypes. Here we show that pre-activation of AMPK with the AMPK activator, AICAR can mitigate the diminished cellular viability of skeletal muscle cells induced by doxorubicin, which accelerates senescence through free radical production. Pre-incubation for 3 h with AICAR decreased doxorubicin-induced phosphorylation of AMPK in a differentiated skeletal muscle cell line. Accordingly, cellular viability of skeletal muscle cells was recovered in the cells pre-treated with AICAR then administered doxorubicin as compared to that of doxorubicin-only treatment. In accordance with the results of cellular experiments, we verified that 4 weeks of treadmill exercise decreased the senescence marker, p16 and p21 in 19-month-old mice compared to sedentary mice. In this study, we provide new evidence that prior activation of AMPK can reduce doxorubicin induced cell senescence phenotypes. The evidence in this paper suggest that aerobic exercise-activated catabolism in the skeletal muscle may prevent cellular senescence, partially through the cell cycle regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong Jin Yoon
- Dept. of Physical Education, Seoul National University, South Korea
| | - Didi Zhang
- Dept. of Physical Education, Seoul National University, South Korea
| | - Seok-Jin Kim
- Department of Special Physical Education, Yong in University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Min-Chul Lee
- Department of Sports Medicine, College of Health Science, CHA University, Pocheon, South Korea
| | - Hyo Youl Moon
- Dept. of Physical Education, Seoul National University, South Korea; Institute of Sport Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; The Institute of Social Development and Policy Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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5
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García-Reyes B, Kretz AL, Ruff JP, von Karstedt S, Hillenbrand A, Knippschild U, Henne-Bruns D, Lemke J. The Emerging Role of Cyclin-Dependent Kinases (CDKs) in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3219. [PMID: 30340359 PMCID: PMC6214075 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The family of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) has critical functions in cell cycle regulation and controlling of transcriptional elongation. Moreover, dysregulated CDKs have been linked to cancer initiation and progression. Pharmacological CDK inhibition has recently emerged as a novel and promising approach in cancer therapy. This idea is of particular interest to combat pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), a cancer entity with a dismal prognosis which is owed mainly to PDAC's resistance to conventional therapies. Here, we review the current knowledge of CDK biology, its role in cancer and the therapeutic potential to target CDKs as a novel treatment strategy for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balbina García-Reyes
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Anna-Laura Kretz
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Jan-Philipp Ruff
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Silvia von Karstedt
- Department of Translational Genomics, University Hospital Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Andreas Hillenbrand
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Uwe Knippschild
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Doris Henne-Bruns
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Johannes Lemke
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
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6
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Gadhikar MA, Zhang J, Shen L, Rao X, Wang J, Zhao M, Kalu NN, Johnson FM, Byers LA, Heymach J, Hittelman WN, Udayakumar D, Pandita RK, Pandita TK, Pickering CR, Redwood AB, Piwnica-Worms H, Schlacher K, Frederick MJ, Myers JN. CDKN2A/p16 Deletion in Head and Neck Cancer Cells Is Associated with CDK2 Activation, Replication Stress, and Vulnerability to CHK1 Inhibition. Cancer Res 2017; 78:781-797. [PMID: 29229598 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-2802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Checkpoint kinase inhibitors (CHKi) exhibit striking single-agent activity in certain tumors, but the mechanisms accounting for hypersensitivity are poorly understood. We screened a panel of 49 established human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines and report that nearly 20% are hypersensitive to CHKi monotherapy. Hypersensitive cells underwent early S-phase arrest at drug doses sufficient to inhibit greater than 90% of CHK1 activity. Reduced rate of DNA replication fork progression and chromosomal shattering were also observed, suggesting replication stress as a root causative factor in CHKi hypersensitivity. To explore genomic underpinnings of CHKi hypersensitivity, comparative genomic analysis was performed between hypersensitive cells and cells categorized as least sensitive because they showed drug IC50 value greater than the cell panel median and lacked early S-phase arrest. Novel association between CDKN2A/p16 copy number loss, CDK2 activation, replication stress, and hypersensitivity of HNSCC cells to CHKi monotherapy was found. Restoring p16 in cell lines harboring CDKN2A/p16 genomic deletions alleviated CDK2 activation and replication stress, attenuating CHKi hypersensitivity. Taken together, our results suggest a biomarker-driven strategy for selecting HNSCC patients who may benefit the most from CHKi therapy.Significance: These results suggest a biomarker-driven strategy for selecting HNSCC patients who may benefit the most from therapy with CHK inhibitors. Cancer Res; 78(3); 781-97. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayur A Gadhikar
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jiexin Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiayu Rao
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mei Zhao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Nene N Kalu
- Thoracic Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Faye M Johnson
- Thoracic Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lauren A Byers
- Thoracic Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - John Heymach
- Thoracic Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Walter N Hittelman
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Durga Udayakumar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute for Academic Medicine, Houston Methodist, Houston, Texas
| | - Raj K Pandita
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute for Academic Medicine, Houston Methodist, Houston, Texas
| | - Tej K Pandita
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute for Academic Medicine, Houston Methodist, Houston, Texas
| | - Curtis R Pickering
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Abena B Redwood
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Helen Piwnica-Worms
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Katharina Schlacher
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mitchell J Frederick
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
| | - Jeffrey N Myers
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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7
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Kim SY, Lee JH, Merrins MJ, Gavrilova O, Bisteau X, Kaldis P, Satin LS, Rane SG. Loss of Cyclin-dependent Kinase 2 in the Pancreas Links Primary β-Cell Dysfunction to Progressive Depletion of β-Cell Mass and Diabetes. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:3841-3853. [PMID: 28100774 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.754077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The failure of pancreatic islet β-cells is a major contributor to the etiology of type 2 diabetes. β-Cell dysfunction and declining β-cell mass are two mechanisms that contribute to this failure, although it is unclear whether they are molecularly linked. Here, we show that the cell cycle regulator, cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), couples primary β-cell dysfunction to the progressive deterioration of β-cell mass in diabetes. Mice with pancreas-specific deletion of Cdk2 are glucose-intolerant, primarily due to defects in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Accompanying this loss of secretion are defects in β-cell metabolism and perturbed mitochondrial structure. Persistent insulin secretion defects culminate in progressive deficits in β-cell proliferation, reduced β-cell mass, and diabetes. These outcomes may be mediated directly by the loss of CDK2, which binds to and phosphorylates the transcription factor FOXO1 in a glucose-dependent manner. Further, we identified a requirement for CDK2 in the compensatory increases in β-cell mass that occur in response to age- and diet-induced stress. Thus, CDK2 serves as an important nexus linking primary β-cell dysfunction to progressive β-cell mass deterioration in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Yoon Kim
- From the Cell Growth and Metabolism Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch and
| | - Ji-Hyeon Lee
- From the Cell Growth and Metabolism Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch and
| | - Matthew J Merrins
- the Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Oksana Gavrilova
- the Mouse Metabolism Core Laboratory, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Clinical Research Center, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Xavier Bisteau
- the Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos#3-09, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Philipp Kaldis
- the Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos#3-09, Singapore 138673, Singapore.,the Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore, and
| | - Leslie S Satin
- the Department of Pharmacology and Brehm Center for Diabetes Research, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
| | - Sushil G Rane
- From the Cell Growth and Metabolism Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch and
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8
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Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) is a key mediator for EGF-induced cell transformation mediated through the ELK4/c-Fos signaling pathway. Oncogene 2015; 35:1170-9. [PMID: 26028036 PMCID: PMC4666830 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) is a known regulator in the cell cycle control of the G1/S and S/G2 transitions. However, the role of CDK2 in tumorigenesis is controversial. Evidence from knockout mice as well as colon cancer cell lines indicated that CDK2 is dispensable for cell proliferation. In this study, we found that ectopic CDK2 enhances Ras (G12V)-induced foci formation and knocking down CDK2 expression dramatically decreases EGF-induced cell transformation mediated through the down-regulation of c-fos expression. Interestingly, CDK2 directly phosphorylates ELK4 at Thr194 and Ser387 and regulates ELK4 transcriptional activity, which serves as a mechanism to regulate c-fos expression. In addition, ELK4 is over-expressed in melanoma and knocking down ELK4 or CDK2 expression significantly attenuated the malignant phenotype of melanoma cells. Taken together, our study reveals a novel function of CDK2 in EGF-induced cell transformation and the associated signal transduction pathways. This indicates that CDK2 is a useful molecular target for chemoprevention and therapy against skin cancer.
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9
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Zhan Z, He K, Zhu D, Jiang D, Huang YH, Li Y, Sun C, Jin YH. Phosphorylation of Rad9 at serine 328 by cyclin A-Cdk2 triggers apoptosis via interfering Bcl-xL. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44923. [PMID: 23028682 PMCID: PMC3441668 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin A-Cdk2, a cell cycle regulated Ser/Thr kinase, plays important roles in a variety of apoptoticprocesses. However, the mechanism of cyclin A-Cdk2 regulated apoptosis remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that Rad9, a member of the BH3-only subfamily of Bcl-2 proteins, could be phosphorylated by cyclin A-Cdk2 in vitro and in vivo. Cyclin A-Cdk2 catalyzed the phosphorylation of Rad9 at serine 328 in HeLa cells during apoptosis induced by etoposide, an inhibitor of topoisomeraseII. The phosphorylation of Rad9 resulted in its translocation from the nucleus to the mitochondria and its interaction with Bcl-xL. The forced activation of cyclin A-Cdk2 in these cells by the overexpression of cyclin A,triggered Rad9 phosphorylation at serine 328 and thereby promoted the interaction of Rad9 with Bcl-xL and the subsequent initiation of the apoptotic program. The pro-apoptotic effects regulated by the cyclin A-Cdk2 complex were significantly lower in cells transfected with Rad9S328A, an expression vector that encodes a Rad9 mutant that is resistant to cyclin A-Cdk2 phosphorylation. These findings suggest that cyclin A-Cdk2 regulates apoptosis through a mechanism that involves Rad9phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Zhan
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure & Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kan He
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dan Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying-Hui Huang
- Cancer Center, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying-Hua Jin
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure & Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- * E-mail:
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Romagosa C, Simonetti S, López-Vicente L, Mazo A, Lleonart ME, Castellvi J, Ramon y Cajal S. p16(Ink4a) overexpression in cancer: a tumor suppressor gene associated with senescence and high-grade tumors. Oncogene 2011; 30:2087-97. [PMID: 21297668 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
p16(Ink4a) is a protein involved in regulation of the cell cycle. Currently, p16(Ink4a) is considered a tumor suppressor protein because of its physiological role and downregulated expression in a large number of tumors. Intriguingly, overexpression of p16(Ink4a) has also been described in several tumors. This review attempts to elucidate when and why p16(Ink4a) overexpression occurs, and to suggest possible implications of p16(Ink4a) in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Romagosa
- Pathology Department, Fundació Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 expression is inhibited by p16(INK4a) at the post-transcriptional level through the microRNA pathway. Oncogene 2010; 30:1880-91. [PMID: 21170085 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The p16(INK4a) protein regulates cell cycle progression mainly by inhibiting the activity of G1-phase cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) 4 and 6, the subsequent retinoblastoma protein (pRb) phosphorylation and E2F transcription factor release. The p16(INK4a) protein can also repress the activity of other transcription factors, such as c-myc, nuclear factor-kappaB and c-Jun/AP1. Here, we report that, in two p16(-/-), pRb(WT) and p53(WT) cell lines (MCF7 and U87), p16(INK4a) overexpression induces a dramatic decrease in CDK1 protein expression. In response to p16(INK4a), the decreased rate of CDK1 protein synthesis, its unchanged protein half-life, unreduced CDK1 mRNA steady-state levels and mRNA half-life allow us to hypothesize that p16(INK4a) could regulate CDK1 expression at the post-transcriptional level. This CDK1 downregulation is mediated by the 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR) of CDK1 mRNA as shown by translational inhibition in luciferase assays and is associated with a modified expression balance of microRNAs (miRNAs) that potentially regulate CDK1, analyzed by TaqMan Human microRNA Array. The p16(INK4a)-induced expression of two miRNAs (miR-410 and miR-650 chosen as an example) in MCF7 cells is confirmed by individual reverse transcription-qPCR. Furthermore, we show the interaction of miR-410 or miR-650 with CDK1-3'UTR by luciferase assays. Endogenous CDK1 expression decreases upon both miRNA overexpression and increases with their simultaneous inhibition. The induction of miR-410, but not miR-650 could be related to the pRb/E2F pathway. These results demonstrate the post-transcriptional inhibition of CDK1 by p16(INK4a). We suggest that p16(INK4a) may regulate gene expression by modifying the functional equilibrium of transcription factors and consequently the expression balance of miRNAs.
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Abstract
Pancreatic cancer represents a major challenge for research studies and clinical management. No specific tumor marker for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer exists. Therefore, extensive genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic studies are being developed to identify candidate markers for use in high-throughput systems capable of large cohort screening. Understandably, the complex pathophysiology of pancreatic cancer requires sensitive and specific biomarkers that can improve both early diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring. The lack of a single diagnostic marker makes it likely that only a panel of biomarkers is capable of providing the appropriate combination of high sensitivity and specificity. Biomarker discovery using novel technology can improve prognostic upgrading and pinpoint new molecular targets for innovative therapy.
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van den Bout I, Truong HH, Huveneers S, Kuikman I, Danen EHJ, Sonnenberg A. The regulation of MacMARCKS expression by integrin β3. Exp Cell Res 2007; 313:1260-9. [PMID: 17292354 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2007.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2006] [Revised: 12/13/2006] [Accepted: 01/04/2007] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Integrin-mediated adhesion regulates multiple signaling pathways. Our group previously showed that ectopic expression of different integrin beta-subunits in the neuroepithelial cell line GE11, has distinct effects on cell morphology, actin cytoskeletal organization, and on focal contact distribution. In this report we have investigated changes in gene transcription levels resulting from overexpression of the integrin beta3 subunit. We found that beta3 overexpression leads to the transcriptional downregulation of MARCKS related protein (MRP) resulting in a decreased expression of the MRP protein. Furthermore, we show that the Ras/MAPK pathway controls the basal level of MRP expression but beta3 overexpression bypasses this pathway downstream of ERK to downregulate MRP. Further studies indicate that a region of the cytoplasmic tail of beta3 containing part of the NITY motif is responsible for increased cell spreading and MRP downregulation. However, MRP overexpression failed to inhibit the beta3-induced increase in cell spreading while the knock down of MRP expression in GE11 cells did not increase cell spreading. We suggest that the downregulation of MRP by beta3 is not required for increased cell spreading but instead that MRP downregulation is a secondary effect of increased cell spreading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman van den Bout
- Division of Cell Biology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Moon DO, Park C, Heo MS, Park YM, Choi YH, Kim GY. PD98059 triggers G1 arrest and apoptosis in human leukemic U937 cells through downregulation of Akt signal pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2007; 7:36-45. [PMID: 17161815 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2006.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2006] [Accepted: 08/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
MEK/ERK pathways are frequently activated in acute myelogenous leukemia, and this signal pathway's inhibitor has made it an interesting candidate for cancer chemotherapy. Little is known, however, about the effects of cellular and molecular mechanisms on human leukemic U937 cells. In the present study, we found that treatment with PD98059 significantly arrests the G1 phase through up-regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor, and produces morphological features of apoptosis in U937 cells, which were associated with poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) cleavage and PLC-gamma1 degradation. PD98059 also decreased the Cdk-2, Cdk-4, cyclin D1, and cyclin E expression, and increased high levels of the mitotic inhibitors p16(INIa), p21(Waf1), and p27(Kip1). Also, Bcl-2's overexpression and a caspase-3 inhibitor z-DEVD-fmk significantly attenuated PD98059-induced apoptosis through the down-regulation of caspase-3 activity, but did not attenuate G1 phase arrest. Moreover, PD98059 down-regulated Akt phosphorylation and produced a synergy effect of apoptosis with LY294002 co-treatment. Thus, our results imply that PD98059-induced apoptosis is significantly involved in down-regulation of Bcl-2, caspase-3 activity, the Akt pathway, and some of the biological functions in U937 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Oh Moon
- Faculty of Applied Marine Science, Cheju National University, Jeju 690-756, South Korea
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Han J, Tsukada YI, Hara E, Kitamura N, Tanaka T. Hepatocyte Growth Factor Induces Redistribution of p21CIP1 and p27KIP1 through ERK-dependent p16INK4a Up-regulation, Leading to Cell Cycle Arrest at G1 in HepG2 Hepatoma Cells. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:31548-56. [PMID: 16014626 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m503431200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has an anti-proliferative effect on many types of tumor cell lines and tumors in vivo. We found previously that inhibition of HGF-induced proliferation in HepG2 hepatoma cells is caused by cell cycle arrest at G1 through a high intensity ERK signal, which represses Cdk2 activity. To examine further the mechanisms of G1 arrest by HGF, we analyzed the Cdk inhibitor p16(INK4a), which has an anti-proliferative function through cell cycle arrest at G1. We found that HGF treatment drastically increased endogenous p16 levels. Knockdown of p16 with small interfering RNA reversed the arrest, indicating that the induction of p16 is required for G1 arrest by HGF. Analysis of the promoter of the human p16 gene identified the proximal Ets-binding site as a responsive element for HGF, and this responded to the high intensity ERK signal. HGF treatment of the cells led to a redistribution of p21(CIP1) and p27(KIP1) from Cdk4 to Cdk2. The redistribution was blocked by the knockdown of p16 with small interfering RNA, which restored the Cdk2 activity repressed by HGF, demonstrating the requirement of p16 induction for the redistribution and eventual repression of Cdk2 activity. Our results reveal a signaling pathway for G1 arrest induced by HGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhong Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
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