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Lin P, Niimi H, Hirota T, Ohsugi Y, Shimohira T, Toyoshima K, Katagiri S, Iwata T, Aoki A. Effects of low-level Er:YAG laser irradiation on proliferation and gene expression in primary gingival fibroblasts isolated from mouse maxilla. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024; 17:e202300166. [PMID: 37975254 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of low-level Er:YAG laser irradiation on proliferation and alternations in early gene expression of gingival fibroblasts. Mice primary gingival fibroblasts were irradiated with an Er:YAG laser (1.8, 3.9, and 5.8 J/cm2 ). Irradiation at 3.9 J/cm2 promoted cell proliferation without significant changes in lactate dehydrogenase or Hspa1a expression. Three hours after irradiation at 3.9 J/cm2 , the Fn1 expression level was significantly increased. RNA-seq identified 15 differentially expressed genes between irradiated and non-irradiated cells, some of which belonged to immediate early genes (IEGs). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis indicated MAPK pathway enhancement, and gene set enrichment analysis showed enrichment in the TGF-β signaling gene set. Enhanced proliferation via laser irradiation disappeared upon inhibition of Dusp4, Dusp5, and Tgfr1 expression. Low-level Er:YAG laser irradiation, especially at 3.9 J/cm2 without a major temperature elevation, enhanced fibroblast proliferation, via TGF-β and the MAPK signaling pathway following IEG expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiya Lin
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Niimi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomitsu Hirota
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Research Center for Medical Science, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yujin Ohsugi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Shimohira
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keita Toyoshima
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayaka Katagiri
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Iwata
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Aoki
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Impaired energy metabolism and altered functional activity of alveolar type II epithelial cells following exposure of rats to nitrogen mustard. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 456:116257. [PMID: 36174670 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen mustard (NM) is a cytotoxic vesicant known to cause acute lung injury which progresses to fibrosis. Alveolar Type II cells are primarily responsible for surfactant production; they also play a key role in lung repair following injury. Herein, we assessed the effects of NM on Type II cell activity. Male Wistar rats were administered NM (0.125 mg/kg) or PBS control intratracheally. Type II cells, lung tissue and BAL were collected 3 d later. NM exposure resulted in double strand DNA breaks in Type II cells, as assessed by expression of γH2AX; this was associated with decreased expression of the DNA repair protein, PARP1. Expression of HO-1 was upregulated and nitrotyrosine residues were noted in Type II cells after NM exposure indicating oxidative stress. NM also caused alterations in Type II cell energy metabolism; thus, both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation were reduced; there was also a shift from a reliance on oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis for ATP production. This was associated with increased expression of pro-apoptotic proteins activated caspase-3 and -9, and decreases in survival proteins, β-catenin, Nur77, HMGB1 and SOCS2. Intracellular signaling molecules important in Type II cell activity including PI3K, Akt2, phospho-p38 MAPK and phospho-ERK were reduced after NM exposure. This was correlated with dysregulation of surfactant protein production and impaired pulmonary functioning. These data demonstrate that Type II cells are targets of NM-induced DNA damage and oxidative stress. Impaired functioning of these cells may contribute to pulmonary toxicity caused by mustards.
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Nur77 attenuates inflammatory responses and oxidative stress by inhibiting phosphorylated IκB-α in Parkinson's disease cell model. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:8107-8119. [PMID: 32401747 PMCID: PMC7244064 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress play key roles in the pathological development of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Nerve growth factor-induced gene B (Nur77) is closely related to dopamine neurotransmission, and its pathogenesis is unclear. This study aims to investigate the role and mechanism of Nur77 in a cell model of Parkinson’s disease. Silencing Nur77 with siRNA can aggravate intracellular LDH release, increase the expression of pro-inflammatory genes (such as tumor necrosis factor α, nuclear factor κB (p65), monocyte chemotactic protein 1, interleukin-6), and decrease cell survival, decrease expression of nuclear factor E2-related factor(Nrf2), heme oxygenase 1, NADPH quinineoxidoreductase-1. Cytosporone B (Nur77 agonist) has the opposite effect to Nur77 silencing. PDTC (NF-κB inhibitor / antioxidant) can also inhibit pro-inflammatory genes to a similar degree as Cytosporone B. Phosphorylated IκB-α can be inhibited by Cytosporone B, while silencing Nur77 can increase the protein expression level of phosphorylated IκB-α. After silencing IκB-α, both Cytosporone B and siNur77 did not affect pro-inflammatory genes and antioxidant stress. These findings reveal the first evidence that Nur77 exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant stress effects by inhibiting IκB-α phosphorylation expression in a Parkinson cell model. Nur77 may be a potential therapeutic target for Parkinson’s disease.
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Jin F, Li X, Deng Y, Timilshina M, Huang B, Kim DY, Chang JH, Ichinose H, Baek SH, Murakami M, Lee YJ, Chang HW. The orphan nuclear receptor NR4A1 promotes FcεRI-stimulated mast cell activation and anaphylaxis by counteracting the inhibitory LKB1/AMPK axis. Allergy 2019; 74:1145-1156. [PMID: 30565708 DOI: 10.1111/all.13702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1 (NR4A1), an orphan nuclear receptor, has been implicated in several biological events such as metabolism, apoptosis, and inflammation. Recent studies indicate a potential role for NR4A1 in mast cells, yet its role in allergic responses remains largely unknown. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to clarify the role of NR4A1 in mast cell activation and anaphylaxis. METHODS To evaluate the function of NR4A1 in mast cells, the impacts of siRNA knockdown, gene knockout, adenoviral overexpression, and pharmacological inhibition of NR4A1 on FcεRI signaling and effector functions in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) in vitro and on anaphylactic responses in vivo were evaluated. RESULTS Knockdown or knockout of NR4A1 markedly suppressed degranulation and lipid mediator production by FcεRI-crosslinked BMMCs, while its overexpression augmented these responses. Treatment with a NR4A1 antagonist also blocked mast cell activation to a similar extent as NR4A1 knockdown or knockout. Moreover, mast cell-specific NR4A1-deficient mice displayed dampened anaphylactic responses in vivo. Mechanistically, NR4A1 promoted FcεRI signaling by counteracting the liver kinase B1 (LKB1)/adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) axis. Following FcεRI crosslinking, NR4A1 bound to the LKB1/AMPK complex and sequestered it in the nucleus, thereby promoting FcεRI downstream signaling pathways. Silencing or knockout of LKB1/AMPK largely abrogated the effect of NR4A1 on mast cell activation. Additionally, NR4A1 facilitated spleen tyrosine kinase activation independently of LKB1/AMPK. CONCLUSIONS Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1 positively regulates mast cell activation by antagonizing the LKB1-AMPK-dependent negative regulatory axis. This finding may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for the development of anti-allergic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fansi Jin
- College of Pharmacy; Yeungnam University; Gyeongsan Korea
| | - Xian Li
- College of Pharmacy; Yeungnam University; Gyeongsan Korea
| | - Yifeng Deng
- College of Pharmacy; Yeungnam University; Gyeongsan Korea
| | | | - Bin Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; College of Medicine; Yeungnam University; Daegu Korea
| | - Dong-Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy; Yeungnam University; Gyeongsan Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Chang
- College of Pharmacy; Yeungnam University; Gyeongsan Korea
| | - Hiroshi Ichinose
- School of Life Science and Technology; Tokyo Institute of Technology; Yokohama Japan
| | - Suk-Hwan Baek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; College of Medicine; Yeungnam University; Daegu Korea
| | - Makoto Murakami
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental Metabolic Health Sciences; Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine; Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Japan
| | - Youn Ju Lee
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Medicine; Catholic University of Daegu; Daegu Korea
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Choi H, Magyar CE, Nervina JM, Tetradis S. Different duration of parathyroid hormone exposure distinctively regulates primary response genes Nurr1 and RANKL in osteoblasts. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208514. [PMID: 30576321 PMCID: PMC6303058 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) exerts dual effects, anabolic or catabolic, on bone when administrated intermittently or continuously, via mechanisms that remain largely unknown. PTH binding to cells induces PTH-responsive genes including primary response genes (PRGs). PRGs are rapidly induced without the need for de novo protein synthesis, thereby playing pivotal roles in directing subsequent molecular responses. In this study, to understand the role of PRGs in mediating osteoblastic cellular responses to PTH, we investigated whether various durations of PTH differentially induce PRGs in primary osteoblasts and MC3T3-E1. Nurr1 and RANKL, PRGs known for their anabolic and catabolic roles in bone metabolism respectively, presented distinctive transient vs. sustained induction kinetics. Corroborating their roles, maximum induction of Nurr1 was sufficiently achieved by brief PTH in as little as 30 minutes and continued beyond that, while maximum induction of RANKL was achieved only by prolonged PTH over 4 hours. Our data suggested distinctive regulatory mechanisms for Nurr1 and RANKL: PKA-mediated chromatin rearrangement for transcriptional regulation of both PRGs and ERK-mediated transcriptional regulation for RANKL but not Nurr1. Lastly, we classified PRGs into two groups based on the induction kinetics: The group that required brief PTH for maximum induction included Nur77, cox-2, and Nurr1, all of which are reported to play roles in bone formation. The other group that required prolonged PTH for maximum induction included IL-6 and RANKL, which play roles in bone resorption. Together, our data suggested the crucial role of PRG groups in mediating differential osteoblastic cellular responses to intermittent vs. continuous PTH. Continued research into the regulatory mechanisms of PKA and ERK for PRGs will help us better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the dual effects of PTH, thereby optimizing the current therapeutic use of PTH for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyewon Choi
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Clara E. Magyar
- Center for Pathology Research Services, Department of Pathology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jeanne M. Nervina
- College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Sotirios Tetradis
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Polouliakh N, Horton P, Shibanai K, Takata K, Ludwig V, Ghosh S, Kitano H. Sequence homology in eukaryotes (SHOE): interactive visual tool for promoter analysis. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:715. [PMID: 30261835 PMCID: PMC6161448 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5101-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Microarray and DNA-sequencing based technologies continue to produce enormous amounts of data on gene expression. This data has great potential to illuminate our understanding of biology and medicine, but the data alone is of limited value without computational tools to allow human investigators to visualize and interpret it in the context of their problem of interest. Results We created a web server called SHOE that provides an interactive, visual presentation of the available evidence of transcriptional regulation and gene co-expression to facilitate its exploration and interpretation. SHOE predicts the likely transcription factor binding sites in orthologous promoters of humans, mice, and rats using the combined information of 1) transcription factor binding preferences (position-specific scoring matrix (PSSM) libraries such as Transfac32, Jaspar, HOCOMOCO, ChIP-seq, SELEX, PBM, and iPS-reprogramming factor), 2) evolutionary conservation of putative binding sites in orthologous promoters, and 3) co-expression tendencies of gene pairs based on 1,714 normal human cells selected from the Gene Expression Omnibus Database. Conclusion SHOE enables users to explore potential interactions between transcription factors and target genes via multiple data views, discover transcription factor binding motifs on top of gene co-expression, and visualize genes as a network of gene and transcription factors on its native gadget GeneViz, the CellDesigner pathway analyzer, and the Reactome database to search the pathways involved. As we demonstrate here when using the CREB1 and Nf-κB datasets, SHOE can reliably identify experimentally verified interactions and predict plausible novel ones, yielding new biological insights into the gene regulatory mechanisms involved. SHOE comes with a manual describing how to run it on a local PC or via the Garuda platform (www.garuda-alliance.org), where it joins other popular gadgets such as the CellDesigner pathway analyzer and the Reactome database, as part of analysis workflows to meet the growing needs of molecular biologists and medical researchers. SHOE is available from the following URL http://ec2-54-150-223-65.ap-northeast-1.compute.amazonaws.com A video demonstration of SHOE can be found here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qARinNb9NtE Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5101-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Polouliakh
- Sony Computer Science Laboratories Inc., 3-14-13 Higashigotanda, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0022, Japan. .,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama City, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan. .,Systems Biology Institute, 5-6-9 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-0071, Japan.
| | - Paul Horton
- AIST, Artificial Intelligence Research Center, 2-4-7 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-0064, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Shibanai
- Department of Computer Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| | - Kodai Takata
- Department of Computer Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| | - Vanessa Ludwig
- Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Samik Ghosh
- Systems Biology Institute, 5-6-9 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-0071, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kitano
- Sony Computer Science Laboratories Inc., 3-14-13 Higashigotanda, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0022, Japan.,Systems Biology Institute, 5-6-9 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-0071, Japan
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7
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Hu H, Lin C, Ao M, Ji Y, Tang B, Zhou X, Fang M, Zeng J, Wu Z. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 1-(2-(adamantane-1-yl)-1H-indol-5-yl)-3-substituted urea/thiourea derivatives as anticancer agents. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra08149a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel 2,5-disubstituted indole derivatives were synthesized. Compounds 7n, 7s, and 7w induced Nur77-expression in a time- and dose- dependent manner in H460 cells. Furthermore, Nur77 served as a critical mediator for the anticancer action of 7s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Hu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
- China
| | - Chunrong Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
- China
| | - Mingtao Ao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
- China
| | - Yufen Ji
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
- China
| | - Bowen Tang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
- China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhou
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
- China
| | - Meijuan Fang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
- China
| | - Jinzhang Zeng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
- China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
- China
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8
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Alonso J, Galán M, Martí-Pàmies I, Romero JM, Camacho M, Rodríguez C, Martínez-González J. NOR-1/NR4A3 regulates the cellular inhibitor of apoptosis 2 (cIAP2) in vascular cells: role in the survival response to hypoxic stress. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34056. [PMID: 27654514 PMCID: PMC5032021 DOI: 10.1038/srep34056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular cell survival is compromised under pathological conditions such as abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). We have previously shown that the nuclear receptor NOR-1 is involved in the survival response of vascular cells to hypoxia. Here, we identify the anti-apoptotic protein cIAP2 as a downstream effector of NOR-1. NOR-1 and cIAP2 were up-regulated in human AAA samples, colocalizing in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). While NOR-1 silencing reduced cIAP2 expression in vascular cells, lentiviral over-expression of this receptor increased cIAP2 mRNA and protein levels. The transcriptional regulation of the human cIAP2 promoter was analyzed in cells over-expressing NOR-1 by luciferase reporter assays, electrophoretic mobility shift analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation, identifying a NGFI-B site (NBRE-358/-351) essential for NOR-1 responsiveness. NOR-1 and cIAP2 were up-regulated by hypoxia and by a hypoxia mimetic showing a similar time-dependent pattern. Deletion and site-directed mutagenesis studies show that NOR-1 mediates the hypoxia-induced cIAP2 expression. While NOR-1 over-expression up-regulated cIAP2 and limited VSMC apoptosis induced by hypoxic stress, cIAP2 silencing partially prevented this NOR-1 pro-survival effect. These results indicate that cIAP2 is a target of NOR-1, and suggest that this anti-apoptotic protein is involved in the survival response to hypoxic stress mediated by NOR-1 in vascular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Alonso
- Centro de Investigación Cardiovascular (CSIC-ICCC), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), c/Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Galán
- Centro de Investigación Cardiovascular (CSIC-ICCC), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), c/Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain.,Laboratorio de Angiología, Biología Vascular e Inflamación y Servicio de Cirugía Vascular, IIB-Sant Pau, c/Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ingrid Martí-Pàmies
- Centro de Investigación Cardiovascular (CSIC-ICCC), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), c/Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José María Romero
- Laboratorio de Angiología, Biología Vascular e Inflamación y Servicio de Cirugía Vascular, IIB-Sant Pau, c/Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Camacho
- Laboratorio de Angiología, Biología Vascular e Inflamación y Servicio de Cirugía Vascular, IIB-Sant Pau, c/Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación Cardiovascular (CSIC-ICCC), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), c/Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Martínez-González
- Centro de Investigación Cardiovascular (CSIC-ICCC), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), c/Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
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9
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Xie L, Jiang F, Zhang X, Alitongbieke G, Shi X, Meng M, Xu Y, Ren A, Wang J, Cai L, Zhou Y, Xu Y, Su Y, Liu J, Zeng Z, Wang G, Zhou H, Chen QC, Zhang XK. Honokiol sensitizes breast cancer cells to TNF-α induction of apoptosis by inhibiting Nur77 expression. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 173:344-56. [PMID: 26505879 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The orphan nuclear receptor Nur77 is implicated in the survival and apoptosis of cancer cells. The purpose of this study was to determine whether and how Nur77 serves to mediate the effect of the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α in cancer cells and to identify and characterize new agents targeting Nur77 for cancer therapy. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effects of TNF-α on the expression and function of Nur77 were studied using in vitro and in vivo models. Nur77 expression was evaluated in tumour tissues from breast cancer patients. The anticancer effects of honokiol and its mechanism of action were assessed by in vitro, cell-based and animal studies. KEY RESULTS TNF-α rapidly and potently induced the expression of Nur77 in breast cancer cells through activation of IκB kinase and JNK. Knocking down Nur77 resulted in TNF-α-dependent apoptosis, while ectopic Nur77 expression in MCF-7 cells promoted their growth in animals. Levels of Nur77 were higher in tumour tissues than the corresponding tissues surrounding the tumour in about 50% breast cancer patients studied. Our in vitro and animal studies also identified honokiol as an effective sensitizer of TNF-α-induced apoptosis by inhibiting TNF-α-induced Nur77 mRNA expression, which could be attributed to its interference of TNFR1's interaction with receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIPK1). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS TNF-α-induced Nur77 serves as a survival factor to attenuate the death effect of TNF-α in cancer cells. With its proven human safety profile, honokiol represents a promising agent that warrants further clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Fuquan Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Xindao Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | | | - Xinlei Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - MinJun Meng
- Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yiming Xu
- Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Anshi Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Lijun Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yunxia Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yang Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Ying Su
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Zhiping Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Hu Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Quan Cheng Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Xiao-Kun Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.,Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
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10
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Nur77 is involved in graft infiltrating T lymphocyte apoptosis in rat cardiac transplantation model. Pathol Res Pract 2015; 211:633-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2015.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Revised: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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11
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Yu C, Cui S, Zong C, Gao W, Xu T, Gao P, Chen J, Qin D, Guan Q, Liu Y, Fu Y, Li X, Wang X. The Orphan Nuclear Receptor NR4A1 Protects Pancreatic β-Cells from Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Stress-mediated Apoptosis. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:20687-20699. [PMID: 26157144 PMCID: PMC4543630 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.654863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of NR4A1 in apoptosis is controversial. Pancreatic β-cells often face endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress under adverse conditions such as high free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations and sustained hyperglycemia. Severe ER stress results in β-cell apoptosis. The aim of this study was to analyze the role of NR4A1 in ER stress-mediated β-cell apoptosis and to characterize the related mechanisms. We confirmed that upon treatment with the ER stress inducers thapsigargin (TG) or palmitic acid (PA), the mRNA and protein levels of NR4A1 rapidly increased in both MIN6 cells and mouse islets. NR4A1 overexpression in MIN6 cells conferred resistance to cell loss induced by TG or PA, as assessed by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, and TUNEL assays indicated that NR4A1 overexpression also protected against ER stress-induced apoptosis. This conclusion was further confirmed by experiments exploiting siRNA to knockdown NR4A1 expression in MIN6 cells or exploiting NR4A1 knock-out mice. NR4A1 overexpression in MIN6 cells reduced C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) expression and Caspase3 activation induced by TG or PA. NR4A1 overexpression in MIN6 cells or mouse islets resulted in Survivin up-regulation. A critical regulatory element was identified in Survivin promoter (-1872 bp to -1866 bp) with a putative NR4A1 binding site; ChIP assays demonstrated that NR4A1 physically associates with the Survivin promoter. In conclusion, NR4A1 protects pancreatic β-cells against ER stress-mediated apoptosis by up-regulating Survivin expression and down-regulating CHOP expression, which we termed as "positive and negative regulation."
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Yu
- The Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China, 250012
| | - Shang Cui
- The Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China, 250012
| | - Chen Zong
- The Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China, 250012
| | - Weina Gao
- The Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China, 250012
| | - Tongfu Xu
- The Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China, 250012
| | - Peng Gao
- The Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China, 250012
| | - Jicui Chen
- The Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China, 250012
| | - Dandan Qin
- The Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China, 250012
| | - Qingbo Guan
- The Department of Endocrinology, Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China, 250021
| | - Yuantao Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China, 266071
| | - Yuchang Fu
- The Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Xia Li
- The Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China, 250012.
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- The Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China, 250012; Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences for Chronic Degenerative Diseases in Universities of Shandong (Shandong University), Jinan, China 250012.
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Eger G, Papadopoulos N, Lennartsson J, Heldin CH. NR4A1 promotes PDGF-BB-induced cell colony formation in soft agar. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109047. [PMID: 25269081 PMCID: PMC4182636 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The fibroblast mitogen platelet-derived growth factor -BB (PDGF-BB) induces a transient expression of the orphan nuclear receptor NR4A1 (also named Nur77, TR3 or NGFIB). The aim of the present study was to investigate the pathways through which NR4A1 is induced by PDGF-BB and its functional role. We demonstrate that in PDGF-BB stimulated NIH3T3 cells, the MEK1/2 inhibitor CI-1040 strongly represses NR4A1 expression, whereas Erk5 downregulation delays the expression, but does not block it. Moreover, we report that treatment with the NF-κB inhibitor BAY11-7082 suppresses NR4A1 mRNA and protein expression. The majority of NR4A1 in NIH3T3 was found to be localized in the cytoplasm and only a fraction was translocated to the nucleus after continued PDGF-BB treatment. Silencing NR4A1 slightly increased the proliferation rate of NIH3T3 cells; however, it did not affect the chemotactic or survival abilities conferred by PDGF-BB. Moreover, overexpression of NR4A1 promoted anchorage-independent growth of NIH3T3 cells and the glioblastoma cell lines U-105MG and U-251MG. Thus, whereas NR4A1, induced by PDGF-BB, suppresses cell growth on a solid surface, it increases anchorage-independent growth.
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MESH Headings
- Agar
- Animals
- Becaplermin
- Benzamides/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Chemotaxis/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- MAP Kinase Kinase 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- MAP Kinase Kinase 1/genetics
- MAP Kinase Kinase 1/metabolism
- MAP Kinase Kinase 2/antagonists & inhibitors
- MAP Kinase Kinase 2/genetics
- MAP Kinase Kinase 2/metabolism
- Mice
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 7/antagonists & inhibitors
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 7/genetics
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 7/metabolism
- NF-kappa B/antagonists & inhibitors
- NF-kappa B/genetics
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- NIH 3T3 Cells
- Neuroglia/drug effects
- Neuroglia/metabolism
- Neuroglia/pathology
- Nitriles/pharmacology
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/metabolism
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/antagonists & inhibitors
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Sulfones/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenda Eger
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Johan Lennartsson
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Carl-Henrik Heldin
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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13
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Gao W, Fu Y, Yu C, Wang S, Zhang Y, Zong C, Xu T, Liu Y, Li X, Wang X. Elevation of NR4A3 expression and its possible role in modulating insulin expression in the pancreatic beta cell. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91462. [PMID: 24638142 PMCID: PMC3956668 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background NR4A3/NOR-1 is a member of the NR4A orphan nuclear receptor subfamily, which contains early response genes that sense and respond to a variety of stimuli in the cellular environment. The role of NR4A3 in insulin expression in pancreatic beta cells remains unknown. Methods Dynamic changes in NR4A3 were examined in a pancreatic beta-cell line, MIN6, treated with thapsigargin (TG), palmitate (PA), tunicamycin (TM), and dithiothreitol (DTT), chemicals that produce cell stress and even apoptosis. We exploited virus infection techniques to induce expression of NR4A3 or three deletion mutants, and determined expression of insulin and insulin regulatory genes in MIN6 cells. Results TG and PA, two endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inducers, were able to induce unfolded protein response (UPR) activation and elevation of NR4A3 expression in MIN6 cells, whereas TM and DTT, two other ER stress inducers, were able to induce UPR activation but not NR4A3 elevation. MIN6 cells over-expressing NR4A3 protein after adenoviral infection exhibited reduced transcription of the insulin genes Ins1 and Ins2, and reduced insulin protein secretion, which were negatively correlated with NR4A3 expression levels. Functional analysis of different deletion mutants of NR4A3 showed that deleting the activation domain AF1 or the DNA-binding domain abolished the down-regulation of insulin transcription by NR4A3 in MIN6 cells, indicating that this down-regulative role was closely related to the NR4A3 trans-activation activity. Over-expression of NR4A3 in MIN6 cells resulted in reduced mRNA transcription of the insulin positive-regulation genes, Pdx1 and NeuroD1. Conclusion Some ER stress inducers, such as TG or PA, are able to elevate NR4A3 expression in MIN6 cells, while others, such as TM or DTT, are not. Over-expression of NR4A3 in MIN6 cells results in down-regulation of insulin gene transcription and insulin secretion. NR4A3 reduces insulin gene expression by modulating the expression of Pdx1 and NeuroD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weina Gao
- Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yuchang Fu
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Cong Yu
- Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shunke Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yuchao Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chen Zong
- Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Tongfu Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yong Liu
- The Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
- * E-mail: (XL); (XW)
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences for Chronic Degenerative Diseases in Universities of Shandong (Shandong University), Jinan, China
- * E-mail: (XL); (XW)
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14
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Niu G, Lu L, Gan J, Zhang D, Liu J, Huang G. Dual roles of orphan nuclear receptor TR3/Nur77/NGFI-B in mediating cell survival and apoptosis. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 313:219-58. [PMID: 25376494 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800177-6.00007-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
As a transcriptional factor, Nur77 has sparked interests across different research fields in recent years. A number of studies have demonstrated the functional complexity of Nur77 in mediating survival/apoptosis in a variety of cells, including tumor cells. Conflicting observations also exist in clinical reports, in that TR3 behaves like an oncogene in tumors of the GI tract, lung, and breast, that is negatively associated with tumor stage and patient prognosis; while functions as a tumor suppressor gene in malignancies of the hematological and lymphatic system, skin, and ovary whose malfunction results in carcinogenesis. This chapter summarizes the apparent opposing effects of Nur77 on cells and explicates the mechanisms that determine the functional preference of Nur77. We conclude that in addition to cell type and agent context, other factors such as cellular localization, signaling pathway, and posttranslational modification also determine the final effects of Nur77 on cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengming Niu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Lu
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jun Gan
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Main Library, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingzheng Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangjian Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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15
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Mount MP, Zhang Y, Amini M, Callaghan S, Kulczycki J, Mao Z, Slack RS, Anisman H, Park DS. Perturbation of transcription factor Nur77 expression mediated by myocyte enhancer factor 2D (MEF2D) regulates dopaminergic neuron loss in response to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). J Biol Chem 2013; 288:14362-14371. [PMID: 23536182 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.439216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We have earlier reported the critical nature of calpain-CDK5-MEF2 signaling in governing dopaminergic neuronal loss in vivo. CDK5 mediates phosphorylation of the neuronal survival factor myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) leading to its inactivation and loss. However, the downstream factors that mediate MEF2-regulated survival are unknown. Presently, we define Nur77 as one such critical downstream survival effector. Following 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) treatment in vivo, Nur77 expression in the nigrostriatal region is dramatically reduced. This loss is attenuated by expression of MEF2. Importantly, MEF2 constitutively binds to the Nur77 promoter in neurons under basal conditions. This binding is lost following 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium treatment. Nur77 deficiency results in significant sensitization to dopaminergic loss following 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium/MPTP treatment, in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, Nur77-deficient MPTP-treated mice displayed significantly reduced levels of dopamine and 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid in the striatum as well as elevated post synaptic FosB activity, indicative of increased nigrostriatal damage when compared with WT MPTP-treated controls. Importantly, this sensitization in Nur77-deficient mice was rescued with ectopic Nur77 expression in the nigrostriatal system. These results indicate that the inactivation of Nur77, induced by loss of MEF2 activity, plays a critical role in nigrostriatal degeneration in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Mount
- Department of Neuroscience and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Mandana Amini
- Department of Neuroscience and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Steve Callaghan
- Department of Neuroscience and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Jerzy Kulczycki
- Institute of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Zixu Mao
- Departments of Pharmacology and Neurology, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Ruth S Slack
- Department of Neuroscience and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Hymie Anisman
- Institute of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - David S Park
- Department of Neuroscience and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada; Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, South Korea.
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16
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Abstract
The consequences of DNA damage depend on the cell type and the severity of the damage. Mild DNA damage can be repaired with or without cell-cycle arrest. More severe and irreparable DNA injury leads to the appearance of cells that carry mutations or causes a shift towards induction of the senescence or cell death programs. Although for many years it was argued that DNA damage kills cells via apoptosis or necrosis, technical and methodological progress during the last few years has helped to reveal that this injury might also activate death by autophagy or mitotic catastrophe, which may then be followed by apoptosis or necrosis. The molecular basis underlying the decision-making process is currently the subject of intense investigation. Here, we review current knowledge about the response to DNA damage and subsequent signaling, with particular attention to cell death induction and the molecular switches between different cell death modalities following damage.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The orphan nuclear receptor Nur77 (also known as NR4A1, NGFIB, TR3, TIS1, NAK-1, or N10) is a unique transcription factor encoded by an immediate early gene. Nur77 signaling is deregulated in many cancers and constitutes an important molecule for drug targeting. AREAS COVERED Nur77 as a versatile transcription factor that displays distinct dual roles in cell proliferation and apoptosis. In addition, several recent insights into Nur77's non-genomic signaling through its physical interactions with various signaling proteins and its phosphorylation-dependent regulation will be highlighted. The possible mechanisms by which Nur77 supports carcinogenesis and specific examples in different human cancers will be summarized. Different approaches to target Nur77 using mimetics, natural products, and synthetic compounds are also described. EXPERT OPINION These latest findings shed light on the novel roles of Nur77 as an exploitable target for new cancer therapeutics. Further work which focuses on a more complete understanding of the Nur77 interactome as well as how the different networks of Nur77 functional interactions are orchestrated in a stimulus or context-specific way will aid the development of more selective, non-toxic approaches for targeting Nur77 in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally K Y To
- University of Hong Kong, School of Biological Sciences, 4S-14 Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
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18
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Han W, Li X, Fu X. The macro domain protein family: structure, functions, and their potential therapeutic implications. Mutat Res 2011; 727:86-103. [PMID: 21421074 PMCID: PMC7110529 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2011.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Revised: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Macro domains are ancient, highly evolutionarily conserved domains that are widely distributed throughout all kingdoms of life. The 'macro fold' is roughly 25kDa in size and is composed of a mixed α-β fold with similarity to the P loop-containing nucleotide triphosphate hydrolases. They function as binding modules for metabolites of NAD(+), including poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR), which is synthesized by PAR polymerases (PARPs). Although there is a high degree of sequence similarity within this family, particularly for residues that might be involved in catalysis or substrates binding, it is likely that the sequence variation that does exist among macro domains is responsible for the specificity of function of individual proteins. Recent findings have indicated that macro domain proteins are functionally promiscuous and are implicated in the regulation of diverse biological functions, such as DNA repair, chromatin remodeling and transcriptional regulation. Significant advances in the field of macro domain have occurred in the past few years, including biological insights and the discovery of novel signaling pathways. To provide a framework for understanding these recent findings, this review will provide a comprehensive overview of the known and proposed biochemical, cellular and physiological roles of the macro domain family. Recent data that indicate a critical role of macro domain regulation for the proper progression of cellular differentiation programs will be discussed. In addition, the effect of dysregulated expression of macro domain proteins will be considered in the processes of tumorigenesis and bacterial pathogenesis. Finally, a series of observations will be highlighted that should be addressed in future efforts to develop macro domains as effective therapeutic targets.
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Key Words
- adpr, adp-ribose
- aplf, aprataxin pnk-like factor
- bares, bacterial-produce adp-ribosylating exotoxins
- marts, mono-adp-ribosyltransferases
- ar, androgen receptor
- ber, base excision repair
- bcl2, b cell lymphoma 2
- coast6, collaborator of stat6
- chfr, checkpoint protein with fha and ring domain
- cbp, creb-binding protein
- chip, chromatin immunoprecipitation
- dsbs, dna double-stranded breaks
- 3d, three-dimensional
- dt, diphtheria toxin
- erα, estrogen receptor α
- eta, exotoxin a
- emt, epithelial–mesenchymal transition
- itc, isothermal titration calorimetry
- iaps, inhibitors of apoptosis
- ks, kabuki syndrome
- msci, meiotic sex chromosome inactivation
- nf-κb, nuclear factor-kappab
- oaadpr, o-acetyl-adp-ribose
- par, poly(adp-ribose)
- parps, par polymerases
- parg, par glycohydrolase
- parylation, poly(adp-ribosyl)ation
- parbms, par binding motifs
- ptms, posttranslational modifications
- pbz, par binding zinc finger
- rnap ii, rna polymerase ii
- stat6, signal transducer and activator of transcription-6
- sfv, semliki forest virus
- ssbr, single-strand break repair
- sts, staurosporine
- tnf, tumor necrosis factor
- trf1, telomeric repeat binding factor-1
- macro domain family
- structural feature
- posttranslational modifications
- biological function
- disease association
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Han
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 10 6693 7463; fax: +86 10 6693 7516.
| | | | - Xiaobing Fu
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 10 6898 9955; fax: +86 10 6898 9955.
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Wang L, Dong X, Zhou W, Zeng Q, Mao Y. PDGF-induced proliferation of smooth muscular cells is related to the regulation of CREB phosphorylation and Nur77 expression. JOURNAL OF HUAZHONG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. MEDICAL SCIENCES = HUA ZHONG KE JI DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE YING DE WEN BAN = HUAZHONG KEJI DAXUE XUEBAO. YIXUE YINGDEWEN BAN 2011; 31:169-173. [PMID: 21505978 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-011-0245-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the relationship between PDGF-induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and Nur77 expression and the effect of atorvastatin on VSMC proliferation and Nur77 in PDGF-treated VSMCs. Rat VSMCs were isolated and cultured. After incubation with atorvastatin or Nur77 siRNA, the cells were stimulated with PDGF and detected for BrdU incorporation to measure the proliferation of the VSMCs. Quantitative PCR and Western blotting were used to determine the Nur77 protein and the CREB phosphorylation level, to observe their relations with PDGF-induced VSMC proliferation. Our results showed that PDGF increased the BrdU incorporation in VSMCs, suggesting that it induced the proliferation of the cells. The VSMC proliferation was associated with increased Nur77 expression and elevated CREB phosphorylation. Atorvastatin inhibited the PDGF-induced VSMC proliferation, suppressed Nur77 expression. After silencing of Nur77 gene, the PDGF-induced VSMC proliferation was decreased. It was concluded that PDGF-induced VSMC proliferation was related to the Nur77 expression and CREB phosphorylation. Atorvastatin reduced the Nur77 expression and, at the same time, inhibited the VSMC proliferation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Atorvastatin
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/metabolism
- Heptanoic Acids/pharmacology
- Male
- Muscle Cells/cytology
- Muscle Cells/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/pharmacology
- Pyrroles/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyue Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tongren Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xiaoyan Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Tongren Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical University, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Qiutang Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical University, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yi Mao
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical University, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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20
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Wang L, Gong F, Dong X, Zhou W, Zeng Q. Regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by nuclear orphan receptor Nur77. Mol Cell Biochem 2010; 341:159-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-010-0447-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2009] [Accepted: 03/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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21
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Zhang T, Wang P, Ren H, Fan J, Wang G. NGFI-B nuclear orphan receptor Nurr1 interacts with p53 and suppresses its transcriptional activity. Mol Cancer Res 2009; 7:1408-15. [PMID: 19671681 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-08-0533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nurr1 is a member of the NGFI-B nuclear orphan receptor family which includes two other members, Nur77 and Nor-1. Nurr1 is essential for the development and survival of dopaminergic neurons. It was reported that Nurr1 has antiapoptotic functions, however, the mechanisms by which Nurr1 mediates these effects remain unknown. Here, we show that overexpression of Nurr1 decreases Bax expression whereas knockdown of Nurr1 increases Bax expression. Nurr1 also interacts with p53 and represses its assembly. Furthermore, Nurr1 represses p53 transcriptional activity in interaction-dependent and dose-dependent manners. Moreover, Nurr1 protects cells from doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. These findings provide evidence that Nurr1 promotes cell survival through its interacting with and repressing p53, thus implicating that Nurr1 may play an important role in carcinogenesis and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, People's Republic of China
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22
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Wu ZH, Miyamoto S. Many faces of NF-kappaB signaling induced by genotoxic stress. J Mol Med (Berl) 2007; 85:1187-202. [PMID: 17607554 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-007-0227-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2007] [Revised: 04/20/2007] [Accepted: 05/22/2007] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) family of dimeric transcription factors plays pivotal roles in physiologic and pathologic processes, including immune and inflammatory responses and development and progression of various human cancers. Inactive NF-kappaB dimers normally exist in the cytoplasm in association with inhibitor proteins belonging to the inhibitor of NF-kappaB (IkappaB) family of related proteins. Activation of NF-kappaB involves its release from IkappaB and subsequent nuclear translocation to induce expression of target genes. Intense research effort has revealed many distinct signaling pathways and mechanisms of NF-kappaB activation induced by immune and inflammatory stimuli. These aspects of NF-kappaB biology have been amply reviewed in the literature. However, those that involve DNA-damaging agents are less well understood, and multiple conflicting pathways and mechanisms have been described in the literature. In this review, we summarize the proposed mechanisms of NF-kappaB activation by various DNA-damaging agents, discuss the significance of such activation in the context of cancer treatment, and highlight some of the critical questions that remain to be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Hui Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Winter HY, Marriott SJ. Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 Tax enhances serum response factor DNA binding and alters site selection. J Virol 2007; 81:6089-98. [PMID: 17376895 PMCID: PMC1900302 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02179-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-1) is the etiological agent of adult T-cell leukemia. The viral transforming protein Tax regulates the transcription of viral and cellular genes by interacting with cellular transcription factors and coactivators. The effects of Tax on cellular gene expression have an important impact on HTLV-1-mediated cellular transformation. Expression of the c-fos cellular oncogene is regulated by serum response factor (SRF), and Tax is known to induce c-fos gene expression by activating SRF-responsive transcription. SRF activates cellular gene expression by binding to a consensus DNA sequence (CArG box) located within a serum response element (SRE). Since SRF activates transcription of many growth regulatory genes, this pathway is likely to have a significant impact on Tax-mediated transformation. Here we demonstrate that Tax interacts with SRF and enhances the binding of SRF to SREs located in the c-fos, Nur77, and viral promoters. Also, we establish that in the presence of Tax, SRF selects more divergent CArG box sequences than in the absence of Tax, revealing a novel mechanism for regulating SRF-responsive gene expression. Finally, increased association of SRF with chromatin and specific promoters was observed in Tax-expressing cells, correlating with increased c-fos and Nur77 mRNA levels in Tax-expressing cells. These results suggest that Tax activates SRF-responsive transcription by enhancing its binding affinity to multiple different SRE sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Y Winter
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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24
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Abstract
The ultimate growth of a tumour depends on not only the rate of tumour cell proliferation, but also the rate of tumour cell death (apoptosis). Nur77 (also known as TR3 or NGFI-B), an orphan member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, controls both survival and death of cancer cells. A wealth of recent experimental data demonstrates that the Nur77 activities are regulated through its subcellular localisation. In the nucleus, Nur77 functions as an oncogenic survival factor, promoting cancer cell growth. In contrast, it is a potent killer when migrating to mitochondria, where it binds to Bcl-2 and converts its survival phenotype, triggering cytochrome c release and apoptosis. Agents, such as 6-[3-(1-adamantyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-2-naphthalene carboxylic acid (AHPN/CD437), which induce Nur77 migration from the nucleus to mitochondria, effectively induce apoptosis of cancer cells. Moreover, Nur77 translocation is highly controlled by retinoid X receptor (RXR), suggesting a role of RXR ligands in regulating the process. Thus, translocation of Nur77 from the nucleus to mitochondria represents a new paradigm in cancer cell apoptosis, and targeting the Nur77 translocation by AHPN/CD437 or RXR ligands promises to effectively restrict cancer cell growth by simultaneously promoting cancer cell death and suppressing cancer cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-kun Zhang
- Burnham Institute for Medical Research, Cancer Center, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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25
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Van Sant C, Wang G, Anderson MG, Trask OJ, Lesniewski R, Semizarov D. Endothelin signaling in osteoblasts: global genome view and implication of the calcineurin/NFAT pathway. Mol Cancer Ther 2007; 6:253-61. [PMID: 17237284 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-06-0574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Patients with prostate cancer develop osteoblastic metastases when tumor cells arrive in the bone and stimulate osteoblasts by secreting growth-promoting factors. Endothelin 1 (ET-1) is believed to be a key factor in promoting osteoblastic metastasis. Selective blockade of the ET(A) receptor is an established strategy in the development of cancer therapeutics. However, the molecular mechanisms whereby prostate cancer promotes abnormal bone growth are not fully understood. In this study, we have applied genomic approaches to elucidate the molecular mechanism of stimulation of osteoblasts by ET-1. To examine the ET-1 axis, we generated genomic signatures for osteoblasts treated with ET-1, in the presence and absence of a selective ET(A) antagonist (ABT-627). The ET-1 signature was comprised of several motifs, such as osteoblastic differentiation, invasion, and suppression of apoptosis. The signature also pointed at possible activation of the calcineurin/NFAT pathway. We showed that ET-1 activates calcineurin and causes nuclear translocation of NFATc1, implicating the pathway in the ET-1-mediated stimulation of osteoblasts. We also showed that ET-1 inhibits apoptosis in osteoblasts, implying that the suppression of apoptosis may be an important factor in the promotion of osteoblastic growth by ET-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Van Sant
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, Department R4CD, Building AP10, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA
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26
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Panepucci RA, Calado RT, Rocha V, Proto-Siqueira R, Silva WA, Zago MA. Higher expression of transcription targets and components of the nuclear factor-kappaB pathway is a distinctive feature of umbilical cord blood CD34+ precursors. Stem Cells 2006; 25:189-96. [PMID: 16973832 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2006-0328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Delayed engraftment, better reconstitution of progenitors, higher thymic function, and a lower incidence of the graft-versus-host disease are characteristics associated with umbilical cord blood (UCB) transplants, compared with bone marrow (BM). To understand the molecular mechanisms causing these intrinsic differences, we analyzed the differentially expressed genes between BM and UCB hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). The expressions of approximately 10,000 genes were compared by serial analysis of gene expression of magnetically sorted CD34(+) cells from BM and UCB. Differential expression of selected genes was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction on additional CD34(+) samples from BM (n = 22), UCB (n = 9), and granulocyte colony stimulating factor-mobilized peripheral blood (n = 6). The overrepresentation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) pathway components and targets was found to be a major characteristic of UCB HSPCs. Additional promoter analysis of 41 UCB-overrepresented genes revealed a significantly higher number of NF-kappaB cis-regulatory elements (present in 22 genes) than would be expected by chance. Our results point to an important role of the NF-kappaB pathway on the molecular and functional differences observed between BM and UCB HSPCs. Our study forms the basis for future studies and potentially for new strategies to stem cell graft manipulation, by specific NF-kappaB pathway modulation on stem cells, prior to transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Alexandre Panepucci
- Center for Cell Therapy and Regional Blood Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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27
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Kiss I, Oskolás H, Tóth R, Bouillet P, Tóth K, Fülöp A, Scholtz B, Ledent C, Fésüs L, Szondy Z. Adenosine A2A receptor-mediated cell death of mouse thymocytes involves adenylate cyclase and Bim and is negatively regulated by Nur77. Eur J Immunol 2006; 36:1559-71. [PMID: 16673448 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200535334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine is generated in the microenvironment of emerging thymocytes through normal mechanisms of lymphocyte selection. In a normal thymus, most of the adenosine is catabolized by adenosine deaminase; however, in an environment where up to 95% of the cells undergo programmed cell death, a sufficient amount of adenosine is accumulated to trigger cell surface adenosine receptors. Here we show that accumulated adenosine can induce apoptosis in immature mouse thymocytes, mostly via adenosine A(2A) receptors. The signaling pathway is coupled to adenylate cyclase activation, induction of the Nur77 transcription factor, Nur77-dependent genes, such as Fas ligand and TRAIL, and the pro-apoptotic BH3-only protein Bim. We analyzed several knockout and transgenic mouse lines and found that adenosine-induced killing of mouse thymocytes requires Bim, occurs independently of "death receptor" signaling and is inhibited by Bcl-2 and Nur77. Collectively our data demonstrate that adenosine-induced cell death involves signaling pathways originally found in negative selection of thymocytes and suggest a determining role of Bim and a regulatory role for Nur77.
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MESH Headings
- Adenosine/immunology
- Adenylyl Cyclases/immunology
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/immunology
- BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein/genetics
- BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein/immunology
- Blotting, Western
- Cyclic AMP/immunology
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/immunology
- Fas Ligand Protein
- Male
- Membrane Glycoproteins/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/immunology
- RNA, Messenger/chemistry
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Receptor, Adenosine A2A/immunology
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/immunology
- Receptors, Steroid/genetics
- Receptors, Steroid/immunology
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes/enzymology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/immunology
- Tumor Necrosis Factors/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildikó Kiss
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Signaling and Apoptosis Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Research Center of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen
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28
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Kim H, Kim BY, Soh JW, Cho EJ, Liu JO, Youn HD. A novel function of Nur77: physical and functional association with protein kinase C. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 348:950-6. [PMID: 16904076 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.07.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2006] [Accepted: 07/21/2006] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite the involvement in diverse physiological process and pleiotropic expression profile, the molecular functions of Nur77 are not likely to be fully elucidated. From the effort to find a novel function of Nur77, we detected molecular interaction between Nur77 and PKC. Details of interaction revealed that C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD) of Nur77 specifically interacted with highly conserved glycine-rich loop of PKC required for catalytic activity. This molecular interaction resulted in inhibition of catalytic activity of PKCtheta by Nur77. C-terminal LBD of Nur77 is sufficient for inhibiting the phosphorylation of substrate by PKCtheta. Ultimately, inhibition of catalytic activity by Nur77 is deeply associated with repression of PKC-mediated activation of AP-1 and NF-kappaB. Therefore, these findings demonstrate a novel function of Nur77 as a PKC inhibitor and give insights into molecular mechanisms of various Nur77-mediated physiological phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungsoo Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Genetic Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-dong, Chongro-gu, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
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