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Champeris Tsaniras S, Delinasios GJ, Petropoulos M, Panagopoulos A, Anagnostopoulos AK, Villiou M, Vlachakis D, Bravou V, Stathopoulos GT, Taraviras S. DNA Replication Inhibitor Geminin and Retinoic Acid Signaling Participate in Complex Interactions Associated With Pluripotency. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2019; 16:593-601. [PMID: 31659113 PMCID: PMC6885373 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Several links between DNA replication, pluripotency and development have been recently identified. The involvement of miRNA in the regulation of cell cycle events and pluripotency factors has also gained attention. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, we used the g:Profiler platform to analyze transcription factor binding sites, miRNA networks and protein-protein interactions to identify novel links among the aforementioned processes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION A complex circuitry between retinoic acid signaling, SWI/SNF components, pluripotency factors including Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog and cell cycle regulators was identified. It is suggested that the DNA replication inhibitor geminin plays a central role in this circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon Champeris Tsaniras
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, U.S.A
| | | | | | | | - Athanasios K Anagnostopoulos
- International Institute of Anticancer Research, Kapandriti, Greece
- Proteomics Research Unit, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Villiou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Vlachakis
- Bioinformatics & Medical Informatics Laboratory, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Bravou
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Georgios T Stathopoulos
- Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Stavros Taraviras
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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Patmanidi AL, Champeris Tsaniras S, Karamitros D, Kyrousi C, Lygerou Z, Taraviras S. Concise Review: Geminin-A Tale of Two Tails: DNA Replication and Transcriptional/Epigenetic Regulation in Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2016; 35:299-310. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dimitris Karamitros
- Department of Physiology; Medical School, University of Patras; Rio Patras Greece
| | - Christina Kyrousi
- Department of Physiology; Medical School, University of Patras; Rio Patras Greece
| | - Zoi Lygerou
- Department of Biology; Medical School, University of Patras; Rio Patras Greece
| | - Stavros Taraviras
- Department of Physiology; Medical School, University of Patras; Rio Patras Greece
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McCann MJ, Rowland IR, Roy NC. The anti-proliferative effects of enterolactone in prostate cancer cells: evidence for the role of DNA licencing genes, mi-R106b cluster expression, and PTEN dosage. Nutrients 2014; 6:4839-55. [PMID: 25372501 PMCID: PMC4245566 DOI: 10.3390/nu6114839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian lignan, enterolactone, has been shown to reduce the proliferation of the earlier stages of prostate cancer at physiological concentrations in vitro. However, efficacy in the later stages of the disease occurs at concentrations difficult to achieve through dietary modification. We have therefore investigated what concentration(s) of enterolactone can restrict proliferation in multiple stages of prostate cancer using an in vitro model system of prostate disease. We determined that enterolactone at 20 μM significantly restricted the proliferation of mid and late stage models of prostate disease. These effects were strongly associated with changes in the expression of the DNA licencing genes (GMNN, CDT1, MCM2 and 7), in reduced expression of the miR-106b cluster (miR-106b, miR-93, and miR-25), and in increased expression of the PTEN tumour suppressor gene. We have shown anti-proliferative effects of enterolactone in earlier stages of prostate disease than previously reported and that these effects are mediated, in part, by microRNA-mediated regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J McCann
- Food Nutrition & Health, Food and Bio-based Products, AgResearch Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Ian R Rowland
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, P.O. Box 226, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP, UK.
| | - Nicole C Roy
- Food Nutrition & Health, Food and Bio-based Products, AgResearch Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
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Ronchetti SA, Miler EA, Duvilanski BH, Cabilla JP. Cadmium mimics estrogen-driven cell proliferation and prolactin secretion from anterior pituitary cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81101. [PMID: 24236210 PMCID: PMC3827476 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal of considerable occupational and environmental concern affecting wildlife and human health. Recent studies indicate that Cd, like other heavy metals, can mimic effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) involving E2 receptor (ER) activation. Lactotrophs, the most abundant cell type in anterior pituitary gland, are the main target of E2, which stimulates cell proliferation and increases prolactin secretion through ERα. The aim of this work was to examine whether Cd at nanomolar concentrations can induce cell proliferation and prolactin release in anterior pituitary cells in culture and whether these effects are mediated through ERs. Here we show that 10 nM Cd was able to stimulate lactotroph proliferation in anterior pituitary cell cultures from female Wistar rats and also in GH3 lactosomatotroph cell line. Proliferation of somatotrophs and gonadotrophs were not affected by Cd exposure. Cd promoted cell cycle progression by increasing cyclins D1, D3 and c-fos expression. Cd enhanced prolactin synthesis and secretion. Cd E2-like effects were blocked by the pure ERs antagonist ICI 182,780 supporting that Cd acts through ERs. Further, both Cd and E2 augmented full-length ERαexpression and its 46 kDa-splicing variant. In addition, when co-incubated Cd was shown to interact with E2 by inducing ERα mRNA expression which indicates an additive effect between them. This study shows for the first time that Cd at nanomolar concentration displays xenoestrogenic activities by inducing cell growth and stimulating prolactin secretion from anterior pituitary cells in an ERs-dependent manner. Cd acting as a potent xenoestrogen can play a key role in the aetiology of different pathologies of the anterior pituitary and in estrogen-responsive tissues which represent considerable risk to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia A. Ronchetti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eliana A. Miler
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Beatriz H. Duvilanski
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jimena P. Cabilla
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Guo J, Sun N. Cell cycle regulator geminin is dispensable for the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2013; 56:731-8. [PMID: 23838810 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-013-4513-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) plays a major role in the pathogenesis of many cardiovascular diseases. Geminin regulates DNA replication and cell cycle progression and plays a key role in the proliferation of cancer cells. We therefore hypothesized that geminin regulates the proliferation of VSMCs. The present study demonstrates that the level of geminin expression was low in quiescent VSMCs (approximately 90% and 10% of cells in the G1 and in S/G2/M phases of the cell cycle, respectively), increased as more cells entered in S/G2/M, and then decreased as cells exited S/G2/M. Further, angiotensin II and norepinephrine stimulated expression of geminin in VSMCs. However, the DNA content, nuclear morphology, percentage of cells at different stages of the cell cycle, and rate of proliferation of VSMCs from which geminin was either depleted or overexpressed were all similar. These findings indicate geminin functions differently in VSMCs than it does in cancer cell lines and that it may provide a target for treating cancers without affecting normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- JianQiang Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
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McCann MJ, Rowland IR, Roy NC. Anti-proliferative effects of physiological concentrations of enterolactone in models of prostate tumourigenesis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2012; 57:212-24. [PMID: 23148045 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Revised: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE There is evidence that a mammalian lignan, enterolactone (ENL), decreases the proliferation rate of prostate cancer cells, although previous studies have used concentrations difficult to achieve through dietary modification. We have therefore investigated the anti-proliferative effects of ENL in an in vitro model of prostate tumourigenesis at concentrations reported to occur in a range of male populations. METHODS AND RESULTS The effects of 0.1 and 1 μM ENL on three markers of viability and proliferation (metabolic activity, growth kinetics, and cell cycle progression) were assessed in the RWPE-1, WPE1-NA22, WPE1-NB14, WPE1-NB11, WPE1-NB26, LNCaP, and PC-3 cell lines over 72 h. Based on these data, we quantified the expression levels of 12 genes involved in the control of DNA replication initiation using TaqMan real-time PCR in the WPE1-NA22, WPE1-NB14, WPE1-NB11, and WPE1-NB26 cell lines. ENL significantly inhibited the abnormal proliferation of the WPE1-NB14 and WPE1-NB11 cell lines and appears to be a consequence of decreased expression of abnormal chromatin licensing and DNA replication factor 1. CONCLUSION In contrast to previous studies, concentrations of ENL that are reported after dietary intervention restrict the proliferation of early-stage tumourigenic prostate cell lines by inhibiting the abnormal formation of complexes that initiate DNA replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J McCann
- Food Nutrition & Health, Food and Bio-based Products, AgResearch Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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Sacco E, Hasan MM, Alberghina L, Vanoni M. Comparative analysis of the molecular mechanisms controlling the initiation of chromosomal DNA replication in yeast and in mammalian cells. Biotechnol Adv 2012; 30:73-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Herr A, Mckenzie L, Suryadinata R, Sadowski M, Parsons LM, Sarcevic B, Richardson HE. Geminin and Brahma act antagonistically to regulate EGFR-Ras-MAPK signaling in Drosophila. Dev Biol 2010; 344:36-51. [PMID: 20416294 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2010.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2010] [Revised: 04/04/2010] [Accepted: 04/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Geminin was identified in Xenopus as a dual function protein involved in the regulation of DNA replication and neural differentiation. In Xenopus, Geminin acts to antagonize the Brahma (Brm) chromatin-remodeling protein, Brg1, during neural differentiation. Here, we investigate the interaction of Geminin with the Brm complex during Drosophila development. We demonstrate that Drosophila Geminin (Gem) interacts antagonistically with the Brm-BAP complex during wing development. Moreover, we show in vivo during wing development and biochemically that Brm acts to promote EGFR-Ras-MAPK signaling, as indicated by its effects on pERK levels, while Gem opposes this. Furthermore, gem and brm alleles modulate the wing phenotype of a Raf gain-of-function mutant and the eye phenotype of a EGFR gain-of-function mutant. Western analysis revealed that Gem over-expression in a background compromised for Brm function reduces Mek (MAPKK/Sor) protein levels, consistent with the decrease in ERK activation observed. Taken together, our results show that Gem and Brm act antagonistically to modulate the EGFR-Ras-MAPK signaling pathway, by affecting Mek levels during Drosophila development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabel Herr
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Wang H, Gao Y, Jin X, Xiao J. Expression of contactin associated protein-like 2 in a subset of hepatic progenitor cell compartment identified by gene expression profiling in hepatitis B virus-positive cirrhosis. Liver Int 2010; 30:126-38. [PMID: 19889080 DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2009.02151.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic progenitor cells (HPC), a cell compartment capable of differentiating into hepatocytic and biliary lineages, may give rise to the formation of intermediate hepatobiliary cells (IHBC) or ductular reactions (DR). AIMS The aim of this study was to analyse the gene expression profiles of DR in cirrhosis and further investigate novel proteins expressed by HPC and their intermediate progeny. METHODS DR in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-positive cirrhotic liver tissues adjacent to hepatocellular carcinoma and interlobular bile ducts (ILBDs) in normal liver tissues were isolated by laser capture microdissection and then subjected to microarray analysis. Differential gene expression patterns were verified by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry on serial sections. HPC and their intermediate progeny were recognized by immunostaining with hepatocytic and biliary markers [HepPar1, cytokeratin (CK)7, CK19, neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)]. RESULTS A total of 88 genes showed upregulation in DR compared with ILBDs. Gene ontology analyses revealed that these upregulated genes were mostly associated with cell adhesion, immune response and the metabolic process. Contactin associated protein-like 2 (CNTNAP2) was first confirmed to be a novel protein expressed in a subpopulation of DR that was positive for CK7, NCAM or EpCAM. In addition, immunoreactivity for CNTNAP2 was also noted in a subset of isolated CK7-positive HPC as well as some ductular IHBC positive for CK19 and HepPar1 in DR. CONCLUSION CNTNAP2 is specifically associated with the emergence of ductular populations and may be identified as a novel protein for defining a subset of HPC and their intermediate progeny in cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huafeng Wang
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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Trenz K, Errico A, Costanzo V. Plx1 is required for chromosomal DNA replication under stressful conditions. EMBO J 2008; 27:876-85. [PMID: 18309293 PMCID: PMC2265110 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2008.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2007] [Accepted: 02/07/2008] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinase (Plk)1 is required for mitosis progression. However, although Plk1 is expressed throughout the cell cycle, its function during S-phase is unknown. Using Xenopus laevis egg extracts, we demonstrate that Plx1, the Xenopus orthologue of Plk1, is required for DNA replication in the presence of stalled replication forks induced by aphidicolin, etoposide or reduced levels of DNA-bound Mcm complexes. Plx1 binds to chromatin and suppresses the ATM/ATR-dependent intra-S-phase checkpoint that inhibits origin firing. This allows Cdc45 loading and derepression of DNA replication initiation. Checkpoint activation increases Plx1 binding to the Mcm complex through its Polo box domain. Plx1 recruitment to chromatin is independent of checkpoint mediators Tipin and Claspin. Instead, ATR-dependent phosphorylation of serine 92 of Mcm2 is required for the recruitment of Plx1 to chromatin and for the recovery of DNA replication under stress. Depletion of Plx1 leads to accumulation of chromosomal breakage that is prevented by the addition of recombinant Plx1. These data suggest that Plx1 promotes genome stability by regulating DNA replication under stressful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Trenz
- Genome Stability Unit, London Research Institute, Clare Hall Laboratories, South Mimms, Herts, UK
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Lutzmann M, Maiorano D, Méchali M. A Cdt1-geminin complex licenses chromatin for DNA replication and prevents rereplication during S phase in Xenopus. EMBO J 2006; 25:5764-74. [PMID: 17124498 PMCID: PMC1698883 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2006] [Accepted: 10/06/2006] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Initiation of DNA synthesis involves the loading of the MCM2-7 helicase onto chromatin by Cdt1 (origin licensing). Geminin is thought to prevent relicensing by binding and inhibiting Cdt1. Here we show, using Xenopus egg extracts, that geminin binding to Cdt1 is not sufficient to block its activity and that a Cdt1-geminin complex licenses chromatin, but prevents rereplication, working as a molecular switch at replication origins. We demonstrate that geminin is recruited to chromatin already during licensing, while bulk geminin is recruited at the onset of S phase. A recombinant Cdt1-geminin complex binds chromatin, interacts with the MCM2-7 complex and licenses chromatin once per cell cycle. Accordingly, while recombinant Cdt1 induces rereplication in G1 or G2 and activates an ATM/ATR-dependent checkpoint, the Cdt1-geminin complex does not. We further demonstrate that the stoichiometry of the Cdt1-geminin complex regulates its activity. Our results suggest a model in which the MCM2-7 helicase is loaded onto chromatin by a Cdt1-geminin complex, which is inactivated upon origin firing by binding additional geminin. This origin inactivation reaction does not occur if only free Cdt1 is present on chromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marcel Méchali
- Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS, Montpellier, France
- Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS, Genome Dynamics and Development, 141, rue de la Cardonille, Montpellier 34396, France. Tel.: +33 499 619 917; Fax: +33 499 619 920; E-mail:
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