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Zhao Z, Deng J, Lu M, Yang J, Chen L, Li D, Sang Y. TRIM11, a new target of p53, facilitates the migration and invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:731-737. [PMID: 36376537 PMCID: PMC9884187 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07833-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although tripartite motif-containing protein 11 (TRIM11) is known to be associated with a variety of cancers, its role in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS To investigate the role of TRIM11 in NPC, TRIM11 was stably overexpressed in 6-10B and CNE2 cells with lentiviral vectors and knocked down in S18 and 5-8F cells using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Transwell assays and wound-healing assays revealed that TRIM11 facilitated the migration and invasion of NPC cells. Mechanistically, we found that p53 inhibits TRIM11 expression by binding to its promoter. CONCLUSIONS TRIM11 may serve as a potential diagnostic marker for NPC and has a certain therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Zhao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis and Precision Treatment, The First Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, 330008, China
| | - Jinkuang Deng
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilisation of Agricultural Microbial Resources, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Eight Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis and Precision Treatment, The First Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, 330008, China
| | - Linlin Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine in Jiangxi Province, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| | - DianYuan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215002, China.
| | - Yi Sang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis and Precision Treatment, The First Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, 330008, China.
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Yee-Lin V, Pooi-Fong W, Soo-Beng AK. Nutlin-3, A p53-Mdm2 Antagonist for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Treatment. Mini Rev Med Chem 2018; 18:173-183. [PMID: 28714398 PMCID: PMC5769085 DOI: 10.2174/1389557517666170717125821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a form of head and neck cancer of multifactorial etiolo-gies that is highly prevalent among men in the population of Southern China and Southeast Asia. NPC has claimed many thousands of lives worldwide; but the low awareness of NPC remains a hindrance in early diagnosis and prevention of the disease. NPC is highly responsive to radiotherapy and chemothera-py, but radiocurable NPC is still dependent on concurrent treatment of megavoltage radiotherapy with chemotherapy. Despite a significant reduction in loco-regional and distant metastases, radiotherapy alone has failed to provide a significant improvement in the overall survival rate of NPC, compared to chemo-therapy. In addition, chemo-resistance persists as the major challenge in the management of metastatic NPC although the survival rate of advanced metastatic NPC has significantly improved with the admin-istration of chemotherapy adjunctive to radiotherapy. In this regard, targeted molecular therapy could be explored for the discovery of alternative NPC therapies. Nutlin-3, a small molecule inhibitor that specifi-cally targets p53-Mdm2 interaction offers new therapeutic opportunities by enhancing cancer cell growth arrest and apoptosis through the restoration of the p53-mediated tumor suppression pathway while pro-ducing minimal cytotoxicity and side effects. This review discusses the potential use of Nutlin-3 as a p53-activating drug and the future directions of its clinical research for NPC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Voon Yee-Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia
| | - Wong Pooi-Fong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia
| | - Alan Khoo Soo-Beng
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, 50588 Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia
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Voon YL, Ahmad M, Wong PF, Husaini R, Ng WTW, Leong CO, Lane DP, Khoo ASB. Nutlin-3 sensitizes nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells to cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:1692-700. [PMID: 26252575 PMCID: PMC4564086 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The small-molecule inhibitor of p53-Mdm2 interaction, Nutlin-3, is known to be effective against cancers expressing wild-type (wt) p53. p53 mutations are rare in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), hence targeting disruption of p53-Mdm2 interaction to reactivate p53 may offer a promising therapeutic strategy for NPC. In the present study, the effects of Nutlin-3 alone or in combination with cisplatin, a standard chemotherapeutic agent, were tested on C666-1 cells, an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive NPC cell line bearing wt p53. Treatment with Nutlin-3 activated the p53 pathway and sensitized NPC cells to the cytotoxic effects of cisplatin. The combined treatment also markedly suppressed soft agar colony growth formation and increased apoptosis of NPC cells. The effect of Nutlin-3 on NPC cells was inhibited by knockdown of p53, suggesting that its effect was p53-dependent. Extended treatment with increasing concentrations of Nutlin-3 did not result in emergence of p53 mutations in the C666-1 cells. Collectively, the present study revealed supportive evidence of the effectiveness of combining cisplatin and Nutlin-3 as a potential therapy against NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee-Lin Voon
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur 50588, Malaysia
| | - Munirah Ahmad
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur 50588, Malaysia
| | - Pooi-Fong Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Roslina Husaini
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur 50588, Malaysia
| | - Wayne Tiong-Weng Ng
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur 50588, Malaysia
| | - Chee-Onn Leong
- School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - David Philip Lane
- p53 Laboratory (p53Lab), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Singapore 138648, Republic of Singapore
| | - Alan Soo-Beng Khoo
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur 50588, Malaysia
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In vivo molecular imaging and radionuclide (131I) therapy of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells transfected with a lentivirus expressing sodium iodide symporter. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116531. [PMID: 25621996 PMCID: PMC4306548 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite recent improvements in the survival rates for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), novel treatment strategies are required to improve distant metastasis-free survival. The sodium iodine symporter (NIS) gene has been applied for in vivo imaging and cancer therapy. In this study, we examined the potential of NIS gene therapy as a therapeutic approach in NPC by performing non-invasive imaging using 125I and 131I therapy in vivo. METHODS We constructed a lentiviral vector expressing NIS and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under the control of the human elongation factor-1α (EF1α) promoter, and stably transfected the vector into CNE-2Z NPC cells to create CNE-2Z-NIS cells. CNE-2Z and CNE-2Z-NIS tumor xenografts were established in nude mice; 125I uptake, accumulation and efflux were measured using micro-SPECT/CT imaging; the therapeutic effects of treatment with 131I were assessed over 25 days by measuring tumor volume and immunohistochemical staining of the excised tumors. RESULTS qPCR, immunofluorescence and Western blotting confirmed that CNE-2Z-NIS cells expressed high levels of NIS mRNA and protein. CNE-2Z-NIS cells and xenografts took up and accumulated significantly more 125I than CNE-2Z cells and xenografts. In vitro, 131I significantly reduced the clonogenic survival of CNE-2Z-NIS cells. In vivo, 131I effectively inhibited the growth of CNE-2Z-NIS xenografts. At the end of 131I therapy, CNE-2Z-NIS xenograft tumor cells expressed higher levels of NIS and caspase-3 and lower levels of Ki-67. CONCLUSION Lentiviruses effectively delivered and mediated long-lasting expression of NIS in CNE-2Z cells which enabled uptake and accumulation of radioisotopes and provided a significant therapeutic effect in an in vivo model of NPC. NIS-mediated radioiodine treatment merits further investigation as a potentially effective, low toxicity therapeutic strategy for NPC.
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Li Y, Li B, Li CJ, Li LJ. Key points of basic theories and clinical practice in rAd-p53 ( Gendicine ™) gene therapy for solid malignant tumors. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2014; 15:437-54. [PMID: 25496374 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2015.990882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Wild-type p53 gene is an essential cancer suppressor gene which plays an important role in carcinogenesis and malignant progressions. The p53 gene family participates in almost all the key procedures of cancer biology, such as programmed cell death, angiogenesis, metabolism and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The mutation or functional defects of the p53 gene family are detected in most of the solid malignant tumors, and the restoration of the p53 gene by adenovirus-mediated gene therapy becomes a promising treatment for cancer patients now. AREAS COVERED In the present review, the potential therapeutic effects of recombinant adenovirus p53 rAd-p53 ( Gendicine ™) were reviewed to explore the biological mechanism underlying the adenovirus-mediated p53 gene therapy. Then, the key points of the drug administration were discussed, including the routes of administration, dosage calculation and treatment cycles, based on findings of the preclinical and clinical trials in order to establish a standard treatment for the p53 gene therapy. EXPERT OPINION As an important part of the combined therapy for the cancer patients, the adenovirus-mediated p53 gene therapy was blossomed to be a promising treatment strategy. A new evaluation criteria and guideline for the gene therapy is urgently needed for the further clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Sichuan University, West China Hospital of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease , Chengdu, 610041 , China
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Treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells with the histone-deacetylase inhibitor abexinostat: cooperative effects with cis-platin and radiotherapy on patient-derived xenografts. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91325. [PMID: 24618637 PMCID: PMC3949989 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
EBV-related nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPCs) still raise serious therapeutic problems. The therapeutic potential of the histone-deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor Abexinostat was investigated using 5 preclinical NPC models including 2 patient-derived xenografts (C15 and C17). The cytotoxicity of Abexinostat used either alone or in combination with cis-platin or irradiation was assessed in vitro by MTT and clonogenic assays using 2 EBV-negative (CNE1 and HONE1) and 3 EBV-positive NPC models (C15, C17 and C666-1). Subsequently, the 3 EBV-positive models were used under the form of xenografts to assess the impact of systemic treatments by Abexinostat or combinations of Abexinostat with cis-platin or irradiation. Several cell proteins known to be affected by HDAC inhibitors and the small viral non-coding RNA EBER1 were investigated in the treated tumors. Synergistic cytotoxic effects of Abexinostat combined with cis-platin or irradiation were demonstrated in vitro for each NPC model. When using xenografts, Abexinostat by itself (12.5 mg/kg, BID, 4 days a week for 3 weeks) had significant anti-tumor effects against C17. Cooperative effects with cis-platin (2 mg/kg, IP, at days 3, 10 and 17) and irradiation (1 Gy) were observed for the C15 and C17 xenografts. Simultaneously two types of biological alterations were induced in the tumor tissue, especially in the C17 model: a depletion of the DNA-repair protein RAD51 and a stronger in situ detection of the small viral RNA EBER1. Overall, these results support implementation of phase I/II clinical trials of Abexinostat for the treatment of NPC. A depletion of RAD51 is likely to contribute to the cooperation of Abexinostat with DNA damaging agents. Reduction of RAD51 combined to enhanced detection of EBER 1 might be helpful for early assessment of tumor response.
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Li Y, Li LJ, Wang LJ, Zhang Z, Gao N, Liang CY, Huang YD, Han B. Selective intra-arterial infusion of rAd-p53 with chemotherapy for advanced oral cancer: a randomized clinical trial. BMC Med 2014; 12:16. [PMID: 24479409 PMCID: PMC3922639 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-12-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, a combination of recombinant adenoviral p53 (rAd-p53) gene therapy and intra-arterial delivery of chemotherapeutic agents for treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma was evaluated. METHODS In total, 99 patients with stage III or IV oral carcinoma who had refused or were ineligible for surgery were enrolled in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, phase III clinical trial. They were randomly assigned to group I (n = 35; intra-arterial infusion of rAd-p53 plus chemotherapy), group II (n = 33; intra-arterial infusion of rAd-p53 plus placebo chemotherapy), or group III (n = 31; intra-arterial infusion of placebo rAd-p53 plus chemotherapy). RESULTS The median length of follow-up was 36 months (range, 3 to 86 months). During follow-up, 16 patients in group I, 20 in group II, and 22 in group III died. Group I (48.5%) had a higher complete response rate than groups II (16.7%) and III (17.2%) (P = 0.006). The rate of non-responders in group I was significantly lower than that in groups II and III (P < 0.020). A log-rank test for survival rate indicated that group I had a significantly higher survival rate than group III (P = 0.019). The survival rate of patients with stage III but not stage IV oral cancer was significantly higher in group I than in group III (P = 0.015, P = 0.200, respectively). The survival rate of patients with stage IV did not differ significantly among the three groups. Or the 99 patients, 63 patients experienced adverse events of either transient flu-like symptoms or bone marrow suppression, while 13 patients had both these conditions together. No replication-deficient virus was detected in patient serum, urine, or sputum. rAd-p53 treatment increased Bax expression in the primary tumor of 80% of patients, as shown by immunohistochemical staining. CONCLUSIONS Intra-arterial infusion of combined rAd-p53 and chemotherapy significantly increased the survival rate of patients with stage III but not stage IV oral cancer, compared with intra-arterial chemotherapy. Intra-arterial infusion of combined rAd-p53 and chemotherapy may represent a promising alternative treatment for oral squamous cell carcinoma. TRIAL REGISTRATION ChiCTR-TRC-09000392 (Date of registration: 2009-05-18).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Long-Jiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.
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Liu J, Zhang Y, Sun P, Xie Y, Xiang J, Yang J. Enhanced therapeutic efficacy of adenovirus-mediated interleukin-24 gene therapy combined with ionizing radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:1165-74. [PMID: 23783436 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma differentiation-associated gene-7 (mda-7)/interleukin-24 (IL-24), a unique cytokine tumor suppressor, displays ubiquitous antitumor activities and cancer-specific cytotoxicities via multiple signaling pathways. In the present study, we investigated the antitumor effect of adenovirus-mediated IL-24 (AdVIL-24) gene therapy in conjunction with ionizing radiation on CNE-2Z human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells in vitro and in vivo in athymic nude mice, and its potential mechanisms. We demonstrated that AdVIL-24 gene therapy plus ionizing radiotherapy induced enhanced growth inhibition, cell cycle G1 phase arrest and apoptosis in vitro in CNE-2Z human NPC cells and in vivo in CNE-2Z xenografted tumors subcutaneously implanted in athymic nude mice. Mechanistically, AdVIL-24 combined with ionizing radiation led to the substantial upregulation of P21 and P27 cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors, ratio of pro-apoptotic to anti-apoptotic molecules Bax/Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase‑3 as well as downregulation of cyclin E and CDK2 in vitro and in vivo in CNE-2Z human NPC cells. Furthermore, AdVIL-24 plus radiation additively reduced the tumor vessel CD34 expression and microvessel density in vivo. More importantly, AdVIL-24 potentially blocked the radiation-induced enhancement of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a pro-angiogenic factor. The enhanced antitumor activity against NPC elicited by AdVIL-24 gene therapy combined with ionizing radiotherapy was closely associated with the enhanced induction of G1 phase arrest and apoptosis via additive modulation of cell cycle regulatory molecules and activation of intrinsic apoptotic pathways, and the overlapping inhibition of tumor angiogenesis. Thus, our results suggest that AdVIL-24 gene therapy combined with ionizing radiotherapy may be a novel and effective treatment strategy for human NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisheng Liu
- Department of ENT, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
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Okamoto S, Jiang Y, Kawamura K, Shingyoji M, Fukamachi T, Tada Y, Takiguchi Y, Tatsumi K, Shimada H, Hiroshima K, Kobayashi H, Tagawa M. Zoledronic acid produces combinatory anti-tumor effects with cisplatin on mesothelioma by increasing p53 expression levels. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60297. [PMID: 23555949 PMCID: PMC3610651 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined anti-tumor effects of zoledronic acid (ZOL), one of the bisphosphonates agents clinically used for preventing loss of bone mass, on human mesothelioma cells bearing the wild-type p53 gene. ZOL-treated cells showed activation of caspase-3/7, -8 and -9, and increased sub-G1 phase fractions. A combinatory use of ZOL and cisplatin (CDDP), one of the first-line anti-cancer agents for mesothelioma, synergistically or additively produced the cytotoxicity on mesothelioma cells. Moreover, the combination achieved greater anti-tumor effects on mesothelioma developed in the pleural cavity than administration of either ZOL or CDDP alone. ZOL-treated cells as well as CDDP-treated cells induced p53 phosphorylation at Ser 15, a marker of p53 activation, and up-regulated p53 protein expression levels. Down-regulation of p53 levels with siRNA however did not influence the ZOL-mediated cytotoxicity but negated the combinatory effects by ZOL and CDDP. In addition, ZOL treatments augmented cytotoxicity of adenoviruses expressing the p53 gene on mesothelioma. These data demonstrated that ZOL-mediated augmentation of p53, which was not linked with ZOL-induced cytotoxicity, played a role in the combinatory effects with a p53 up-regulating agent, and suggests a possible clinical use of ZOL to mesothelioma with anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Okamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuanyuan Jiang
- Division of Pathology and Cell Therapy, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Kawamura
- Division of Pathology and Cell Therapy, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masato Shingyoji
- Department of Thoracic Disease, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Fukamachi
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuji Tada
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuichi Takiguchi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koichiro Tatsumi
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideaki Shimada
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenzo Hiroshima
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Yachiyo Medical Center, Yachiyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kobayashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Tagawa
- Division of Pathology and Cell Therapy, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Therapeutic Induction of Apoptosis in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-5947-7_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Wang YF, Chiou YH, Wang LY, Chang ST, Shyu HW, Chen CY, Lin KH, Chou MC. Cisplatin disrupts the latency of human herpesvirus 8 and induces apoptosis in primary effusion lymphoma cells. Cancer Invest 2012; 30:268-74. [PMID: 22480174 DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2012.657813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) is the etiologic agent for primary effusion lymphoma (PEL). The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of cisplatin on the PEL cells. Cisplatin treatment induced apoptosis and inhibited the growth of PEL cells, and the effect was more profound in the HHV8-positive lymphoma cells compared with the EBV-positive lymphoma cells. Cisplatin treatment decreased the expression of HHV8 latent genes and activated p53 at serine 15 in PEL cells. Our results indicate that cisplatin can disrupt HHV8 latency and induce reactivation of p53 and highly selective treatment modality for this virally induced lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fen Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Biotechnology, Fooyin-University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
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The Epstein-Barr virus BRRF1 protein, Na, induces lytic infection in a TRAF2- and p53-dependent manner. J Virol 2011; 85:4318-29. [PMID: 21325409 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01856-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) BRRF1 lytic gene product (Na) is encoded within the same immediate-early region as the BZLF1 (Z) and BRLF1(R) gene products, but its role during EBV infection has not been well defined. We previously showed that Na cooperates with the R protein to induce lytic gene expression in latently infected EBV-positive 293 cells, and in some EBV-negative cell lines it can activate the Z promoter in reporter gene assays. Here we show that overexpression of Na alone is sufficient to induce lytic gene expression in several different latently infected epithelial cell lines (Hone-Akata, CNE2-Akata, and AGS-Akata), while knockdown of endogenous Na expression reduces lytic gene expression. Consistent with its ability to interact with tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) in a yeast two-hybrid assay, we demonstrate that Na interacts with TRAF2 in cells. Furthermore, we show that TRAF2 is required for Na induction of lytic gene expression, that Na induces Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) activation in a TRAF2-dependent manner, and that a JNK inhibitor abolishes the ability of Na to disrupt viral latency. Additionally, we show that Na and the tumor suppressor protein p53 cooperate to induce lytic gene expression in epithelial cells (including the C666-1 nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line), although Na does not appear to affect p53 function. Together these data suggest that Na plays an important role in regulating the switch between latent and lytic infection in epithelial cells and that this effect requires both the TRAF2 and p53 cellular proteins.
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Kraljević Pavelić S, Marjanović M, Poznić M, Kralj M. Adenovirally mediated p53 overexpression diversely influence the cell cycle of HEp-2 and CAL 27 cell lines upon cisplatin and methotrexate treatment. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2009; 135:1747-61. [PMID: 19548002 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-009-0621-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2008] [Accepted: 06/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE p53 gene plays a crucial role in the response to therapy. Since it is inactivated in the majority of human cancers, it is strongly believed that the p53 mutations confer resistance to therapeutics. In this paper we analyzed the influence of two mechanistically diverse antitumor agents--cisplatin and methotrexate on the proliferation and cell cycle of two head and neck squamous cancer cell lines HEp-2 (wild type p53 gene, but HPV 18/E6-inactivated protein) and CAL 27 (mutated p53 gene), along with the influence of adenovirally mediated p53 overexpression in modulation of cisplatin and methoterexate effects, whereby subtoxic vector/compound concentrations were employed. METHODS p53 gene was introduced into tumor cells using adenoviral vector (AdCMV-p53). The cell cycle perturbations were measured by two parameter flow cytometry. The expression of p53, p21(WAF1/CIP1) and cyclin B1 proteins was examined using immunocytochemistry and western blot methods. RESULTS In CAL 27 cells overexpression of p53 completely abrogated high S phase content observed in methotrexate-treated cells into a G1 and slight G2 arrest, while it sustained G2 arrest of the cells treated with cisplatin, along with the reduction of DNA synthesis and cyclin B1 expression. On the other hand, in HEp-2 cell line p53 overexpression slightly slowed down the progression through S phase in cells treated with methotrexate, decreased the cyclin B1 expression only after 24 h, and failed to sustain the G2 arrest after treatment with cisplatin alone. Instead, it increased the population of S phase cells that were not actively synthesizing DNA, sustained cyclin B1 expression and allowed the G2 cells to progress through mitosis. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that adenovirally mediated p53 overexpression at sub-cytotoxic levels enhanced the activity of low doses of cisplatin and methotrexate in HEp-2 and CAL 27 cells through changes in the cell cycle. However, the mechanisms of these effects differ depending on the genetic context and on the chemotherapeutics' modality of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Kraljević Pavelić
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Bosković Institute, Bijenicka cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Wu J, Xiao X, Jia H, Chen J, Zhu Y, Zhao P, Lin H, Huang W. Dynamic distribution and expression in vivo of the human interferon gamma gene delivered by adenoviral vector. BMC Cancer 2009; 9:55. [PMID: 19216804 PMCID: PMC2667533 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-9-55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2008] [Accepted: 02/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously found that r-hu-IFNgamma exerts a potent anti-tumor effect on human nasopharyngeal carcinoma xenografts in vivo. Considering the fact that the clinical use of recombinant IFNgamma is limited by its short half-life and systemic side effects, we developed a recombinant adenovirus, Ad-IFNgamma. METHODS Dynamic distribution of the adenovirus vector and expression of IFNgamma were evaluated by Q-PCR and ELISA after intratumoral administration of Ad-IFNgamma into CNE-2 xenografts. RESULTS Ad-IFNgamma DNA was mainly enriched in tumors where the Ad-IFNgamma DNA was injected (P < 0.05, compared to blood or parenchymal organs), as well as in livers (P < 0.05). Concentrations of Ad-IFNgamma DNA in other organs and blood were very low. Intratumoral Ad-IFNgamma DNA decreased sharply at high concentrations (9 x 10(5) copies/microg tissue DNA), and slowly at lower concentrations (1.7-2.9 x 10(5) copies/microg tissue DNA). IFNgamma was detected in the tumors and parenchymal organs. The concentration of IFNgamma was highest in the tumor (P < 0.05), followed by the liver and kidney (P < 0.05). High-level intratumoral expression of IFNgamma was maintained for at least 7 days, rapidly peaking on day 3 after injection of Ad-IFNgamma DNA. CONCLUSION An IFNgamma gene delivered by an adenoviral vector achieved high and consistent intratumoral expression. Disseminated Ad-IFNgamma DNA and the transgene product were mainly enriched in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangxue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
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15
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Ren SP, Wang L, Wang H, Wu B, Han Y, Wang LS, Wu CT. Gene therapy for human nasopharyngeal carcinoma by adenovirus-mediated transfer of human p53, GM-CSF, and B7-1 genes in a mouse xenograft tumor model. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2009; 23:591-602. [PMID: 18999931 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2007.0447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains high in endemic regions. Prevention of tumor recurrences and metastases is a crucial approach to improve therapeutic outcome in NPC patients. In this study, we investigated the effects of the cotransfer of the tumor suppressor gene, p53, in combination with the immunostimulatory genes, GM-CSF and B7-1, on tumor regression and subsequent tumor recurrence. We constructed a recombinant adenovirus carrying human wild-type p53, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and B7-1 genes (Ad-p53/GM-CSF/B7-1), which mediated high-level expression of these three genes in NPC CNE-1 cells. Ad-p53/GM-CSF/B7-1 infection inhibited the growth of CNE-1 cells and induced tumor-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) in vitro. In CNE-1 xenograft tumor models in huPBL-nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) mice, an intratumoral injection of Ad-p53/GM-CSF/B7-1 resulted in a reduced tumor burden, compared to normal saline (NS) and Ad-p53 controls. Tumors in the Ad-p53/GM-CSF/B7-1 group displayed diffuse necrosis and infiltration of human T-cells. Further, the tumor occurrence of CNE-1 cell rechallenge largely decreased after the primary tumor was intratumorally injected with Ad-p53/GM-CSF/B7-1 in the HuPBL-NOD/SCID mice model. Only 2 of 8 (25%) animals in the Ad-p53/GM-CSF/B7-1 group had developed measurable tumors, which demonstrated extensive necrosis and much more human T-cell infiltration, compared to 5 of 7 (71%) in the NS and Ad-p53 groups. Therefore, the adenovirus-mediated introduction of p53, GM-CSF, and B7-1 genes could improve local control and prevent the recurrence or metastases of NPC tumors, which suggests a potential therapeutic value in NPC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Ping Ren
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
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16
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Wu J, Xiao X, Zhao P, Xue G, Zhu Y, Zhu X, Zheng L, Zeng Y, Huang W. Minicircle-IFNgamma induces antiproliferative and antitumoral effects in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 12:4702-13. [PMID: 16899621 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-0520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aims of this work were to investigate the antitumor effect of IFNgamma gene transfer on human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and to assess the potential of minicircle vector for antitumor gene therapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We developed a recombinant minicircle vector carrying the human IFNgamma gene and evaluated the effects of minicircle-mediated IFNgamma gene transfer on NPC cell lines in vitro and on xenografts in vivo. RESULTS Relative to p2PhiC31-IFNgamma, minicircle-mediated IFNgamma gene transfer in vitro resulted in 19- to 102-fold greater IFNgamma expression levels in transfected cells (293, NIH 3T3, CNE-1, CNE-2, and C666-1) and inhibited the growth of CNE-1, CNE-2, and C666-1 cells more efficiently, reducing relative growth rates to 7.1 +/- 1.6%, 2.7 +/- 1.0%, and 6.1 +/- 1.6%, respectively. Flow cytometry and caspase-3 activity assays suggested that the antiproliferative effects of IFNgamma gene transfer on NPC cell lines could be attributed to G(0)-G(1) arrest and apoptosis. Minicircle-mediated intratumoral IFNgamma expression in vivo was 11 to 14 times higher than p2PhiC31-IFNgamma in CNE-2- and C666-1-xenografted mice and lasted for 21 days. Compared with p2PhiC31-IFNgamma treatment, minicircle-IFNgamma treatment significantly increased survival and achieved inhibition rates of 77.5% and 83%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that IFNgamma gene transfer exerts antiproliferative effects on NPC cells in vitro and leads to a profound antitumor effect in vivo. Minicircle-IFNgamma is more efficient than corresponding conventional plasmids due to its capability of mediating long-lasting high levels of IFNgamma gene expression. Therefore, minicircle-mediated IFNgamma gene transfer is a promising novel approach in the treatment of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangxue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
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17
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Xiao X, Wu J, Zhu X, Zhao P, Zhou J, Liu QQ, Zheng L, Zeng M, Liu R, Huang W. Induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by ZD6474, an inhibitor of VEGFR tyrosine kinase with additional activity against EGFR tyrosine kinase. Int J Cancer 2007; 121:2095-2104. [PMID: 17631646 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.22955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
ZD6474 is a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor. The present study was undertaken to investigate the direct antiproliferative effect of ZD6474 on human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in vitro and the antitumor activity on NPC xenografts in vivo. Results indicated that ZD6474 treatment inhibited EGFR phosphorylation and led to a dose- and time-dependent decrease in NPC cell (CNE-1, CNE-2 and C666-1) proliferation. Further investigation demonstrated G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in all 3 cell lines, which was associated with an upregulation of p21 and/or p27, and downregulation of CDK4, CDK6 and CDK2. ZD6474 treatment also induced apoptosis in CNE-1 and CNE-2 cells. The apoptosis mechanisms involved reduction of Bcl-2 and/or Bcl-XL, induction of Bak and/or Bax, and activation of caspases-3, -9 and/or -8. The in vivo antitumor activity was evaluated in CNE-2 and C666-1 xenografted nude mice. Administration of ZD6474 (25-100 mg/kg/day, once-daily, p.o.) produced a dose-dependent inhibition of tumor growth and prolonged survival in both models. This study suggests that ZD6474 exerts direct antiproliferative effects on NPC cell lines in vitro by inducing G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis, and potent antitumor effects on NPC xenografts in vivo. It indicates that ZD6474 may offer a new and effective treatment for human NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangxue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Quentin Qiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Limin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Musheng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Ranyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenlin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100080, People's Republic of China
- Guangzhou Doublle Bio-product Inc., Guangzhou 516003, People's Republic of China
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Yang H, Zhao R, Lee MH. 14-3-3sigma, a p53 regulator, suppresses tumor growth of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2006; 5:253-60. [PMID: 16505098 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-05-0395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The 14-3-3sigma gene product, up-regulated by p53 in response to DNA damage, is involved in cell-cycle checkpoint control and is a human cancer epithelial marker down-regulated in various tumors. However, its role and function have not been established in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), a tumor of epithelial origin. Recently, we found that 14-3-3sigma interacts with p53 in response to DNA damage and stabilizes the expression of p53. In addition, we also showed that overexpression of 14-3-3sigma inhibits oncogene-activated tumorigenicity. In the present study, we investigated the tumor-suppressive role of 14-3-3sigma in NPC cells. We found that there is a failure to up-regulate 14-3-3sigma in response to DNA damage in two NPC cell lines that have p53 mutation. We also found that 14-3-3sigma interacted with protein kinase B/Akt and negatively regulated the activity of Akt. Overexpression of 14-3-3sigma inhibited NPC cell growth and blocks DNA synthesis. Overexpression of 14-3-3sigma also led to inhibition of anchorage-independent growth of NPC cells. In addition, we found that 14-3-3sigma sensitized NPC cells to apoptosis induced by the chemotherapeutic agent 2-methoxyestradiol. Overexpression of 14-3-3sigma in both NPC cell lines reduced the tumor volume in nude mice, which could have significance for clinical application. These findings provide an insight into the roles of 14-3-3sigma in NPC and suggest that approaches that modulate 14-3-3sigma activity may be useful in the treatment of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Yang
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Box 79, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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19
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Li JH, Shi W, Chia M, Sanchez-Sweatman O, Siatskas C, Huang D, Busson P, Klamut H, Yeh WC, Richardson C, O'Sullivan B, Gullane P, Neligan P, Medin J, Liu FF. Efficacy of targeted FasL in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Mol Ther 2004; 8:964-73. [PMID: 14664799 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2003.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We have successfully achieved selective gene expression in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) by exploiting the presence of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), utilizing a transcriptional targeting strategy (J. H. Li et al., 2002, Cancer Res. 62: 171). Building on this platform, we have generated a novel DeltaE1 adenoviral vector mediating the expression of a mutant noncleavable form of the FasL gene (HUGO-approved symbol TNFSF6) (ad5oriP.ncFasL). We observe that this therapy induces significant cytotoxicity in the EBV-positive NPC cell line C666-1, mediated by the induction of caspase-dependent apoptosis. The addition of ionizing radiation therapy (RT) causes additional cytotoxicity. Ex vivo infection of C666-1 cells with adv.oriP.ncFasL completely prevents tumor formation in SCID mice followed for up to 100 days. The combination of intratumoral adv.oriP.ncFasL with RT causes regression of established nasopharyngeal xenograft tumors for 2 weeks' duration. Systemic delivery of this targeted strategy achieves 50-fold higher gene expression in nasopharyngeal tumors than in normal organs. Intravenously injected adv.oriP.ncFasL results in mild perturbation of liver function that returns to normal 2 weeks after initial therapy. These results demonstrate the efficacy of our EBV-specific targeting strategy, which allows the potentially safe and effective utilization of a highly potent membrane-based apoptotic gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hua Li
- Ontario Cancer Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario MS 1A1, Canada
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20
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Xia J, Xia K, Feng Y, Tang A, Tang Y, Wu L, Liang D, Cai F, Pan Q, Long Z, Dai H, Zhang Y, Zhao S, Chen Z. The combination of suicide gene therapy and radiation enhances the killing of nasopharyngeal carcinoma xenographs. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2004; 45:281-289. [PMID: 15304972 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.45.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is very common in Southern China and Southeast Asian countries. To explore a novel and more effective approach to NPC therapy, a combined strategy of suicide genes and radiation was designed in this study. Five suicide gene expression cassettes, yeast CD, yeast CD/UPRT, and yeast CDglyTK gene controlled by CMV, and Egr-1 and a synthetic CMV-enhanced Egr-1 promoter (CE) were constructed in an expression vector p11MS. The expression of suicide genes in NPC CNE-2 cells were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. The cytotoxicity of suicide gene therapy and radiation were analyzed by MTT assay. An animal study in which yeast CD/UPRT-expressing CNE-2 tumors in nude mice were treated with 5-FC and radiation was also developed. Our results revealed that p11MSCEyCD/UPRT and p11MSCEyCDglyTK are superior over three other constructs in the killing of NPC cells in vitro. We combined suicide gene-expressing tumors, 5-FC treatment, and radiation in vivo and found that the tumors greatly regressed, some disappeared completely in 3 nude mice in the yCD/UPRT group, and a significant difference of tumor volumes was observed between this group and the other four groups (p < 0.05). Our results indicated that suicide gene therapy and radiation have a synergic effect on NPC therapy, and the combined strategy of radiogene therapy is of great potential as a substitute for the traditional method, radiation alone, in NPC therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Xia
- National Laboratory of Medical Genetics of China, Central South University, Changsha, China
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21
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Vicat JM, Ardila-Osorio H, Khabir A, Brezak MC, Viossat I, Kasprzyk P, Jlidi R, Opolon P, Ooka T, Prevost G, Huang DP, Busson P. Apoptosis and TRAF-1 cleavage in Epstein-Barr virus-positive nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells treated with doxorubicin combined with a farnesyl-transferase inhibitor. Biochem Pharmacol 2003; 65:423-33. [PMID: 12527335 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(02)01449-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPC) are much more sensitive to chemotherapy than other head and neck carcinomas. Spectacular regressions are frequently observed after induction chemotherapy. However, these favorable responses are difficult to predict and often of short duration. So far there have been only few experiments to investigate the mechanisms which underline the cytotoxic effects of anti-neoplastic drugs against NPC cells. In addition, these studies were performed almost entirely on EBV-negative cell lines therefore not truly representative of NPC cells. For the first time, we have used two EBV-positive NPC tumor lines derived from a North African (C15) and a Chinese (C666-1) patient as in vitro targets for a panel of anti-neoplastic agents. Doxorubicin, taxol and in a lesser extent cis-platinum efficiently inhibited NPC cell proliferation at clinically relevant concentrations, but all three agents failed to induce apoptosis. However, massive apoptosis of C15 cells was achieved when doxorubicin (1 microM) was combined with a farnesyl-transferase inhibitor, BIM 2001 (5 microM). Moreover, this apoptotic process was associated with a caspase-dependent early cleavage of the TNF-receptor associated factor 1 (TRAF-1) molecule, a signaling adaptor which is specifically expressed in latently EBV-infected cells. TRAF-1 cleavage might become a useful indicator of chemo-induced apoptosis in EBV-associated NPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Michel Vicat
- UMR 1598, Institut Gustave Roussy, 39 rue Camille Desmoulins, 94805 Villejuif, France
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22
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Abstract
This article will provide an overview on the status of cancer gene therapy, focussed specifically on its potential application in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The concepts and strategies behind the design of therapeutic targets such as p53, p16, and death genes will be described. One of the major challenges in cancer gene therapy is tumor-specific expression of therapeutic genes, and a transcriptional targeting approach will be reviewed, in reference to NPC. Specifically, the ability to exploit the presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) will be emphasized. The currently available preclinical data on genetic therapeutic approaches for NPC will be reviewed, and an outline for its future role in management of NPC, in conjunction with existing cytotoxic modalities of ionizing radiation and chemotherapy will be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Fei Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital/University Health Networks, University of Toronto, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, Ont, Canada M5G 2M9.
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