1
|
Fyon F, Berbel-Filho WM, Schlupp I, Wild G, Úbeda F. Why do hybrids turn down sex? Evolution 2023; 77:2186-2199. [PMID: 37459230 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpad129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Asexual reproduction is ancestral in prokaryotes; the switch to sexuality in eukaryotes is one of the major transitions in the history of life. The study of the maintenance of sex in eukaryotes has raised considerable interest for decades and is still one of evolutionary biology's most prominent question. The observation that many asexual species are of hybrid origin has led some to propose that asexuality in hybrids results from sexual processes being disturbed because of incompatibilities between the two parental species' genomes. However, in some cases, failure to produce asexual F1s in the lab may indicate that this mechanism is not the only road to asexuality in hybrid species. Here, we present a mathematical model and propose an alternative, adaptive route for the evolution of asexuality from previously sexual hybrids. Under some reproductive alterations, we show that asexuality can evolve to rescue hybrids' reproduction. Importantly, we highlight that when incompatibilities only affect the fusion of sperm and egg's genomes, the two traits that characterize asexuality, namely unreduced meiosis and the initiation of embryogenesis without the incorporation of the sperm's pronucleus, can evolve separately, greatly facilitating the overall evolutionary route. Taken together, our results provide an alternative, potentially complementary explanation for the link between asexuality and hybridization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Fyon
- Department of Biology, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ingo Schlupp
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
| | - Geoff Wild
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Francisco Úbeda
- Department of Biology, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhu YJ, Li XY, Zhang J, Li Z, Ding M, Zhang XJ, Zhou L, Gui JF. Distinct sperm nucleus behaviors between genotypic and temperature-dependent sex determination males are associated with replication and expression-related pathways in a gynogenetic fish. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:437. [PMID: 29866041 PMCID: PMC5987661 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4823-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coexistence and transition of diverse sex determination strategies have been revealed in some ectothermic species, but the variation between males caused by different sex determination strategies and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. Here, we used the gynogenetic gibel carp (Carassius gibelio) with both genotypic sex determination (GSD) and temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) strategies to illustrate this issue. RESULTS We found out that males of GSD and TSD in gibel carp had similar morphology, testicular histology, sperm structure and sperm vitality. However, when maternal individuals were mated with males of GSD, sperm nucleus swelling and fusing with the female pronucleus were observed in the fertilized eggs. On the contrary, when maternal individuals were mated with males of TSD, sperm nucleus remained in the condensed status throughout the whole process. Subsequently, semen proteomics analysis unveiled that DNA replication and gene expression-related pathways were inhibited in the sperm from males of TSD compared to males of GSD, and most differentially expressed proteins associated with DNA replication, transcription and translation were down-regulated. Moreover, via BrdU incorporation and immunofluorescence detection, male nucleus replication was revealed to be present in the fertilized eggs by the sperm from males of GSD, but absent in the fertilized eggs by the sperm from males of TSD. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that DNA replication and gene expression-related pathways are associated with the distinct sperm nucleus development behaviors in fertilized eggs in response to the sperm from males of GSD and TSD. And this study is the first attempt to screen the differences between males determined via GSD and TSD in gynogenetic species, which might give a hint for understanding evolutionary adaption of diverse sex determination mechanisms in unisexual vertebrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xi-Yin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Miao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jian-Fang Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China. .,Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
The transcriptomes of the crucian carp complex (Carassius auratus) provide insights into the distinction between unisexual triploids and sexual diploids. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:9386-406. [PMID: 24871367 PMCID: PMC4100101 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15069386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Both sexual reproduction and unisexual reproduction are adaptive strategies for species survival and evolution. Unisexual animals have originated largely by hybridization, which tends to elevate their heterozygosity. However, the extent of genetic diversity resulting from hybridization and the genomic differences that determine the type of reproduction are poorly understood. In Carassius auratus, sexual diploids and unisexual triploids coexist. These two forms are similar morphologically but differ markedly in their modes of reproduction. Investigation of their genomic differences will be useful to study genome diversity and the development of reproductive mode. We generated transcriptomes for the unisexual and sexual populations. Genes were identified using homology searches and an ab initio method. Estimation of the synonymous substitution rate in the orthologous pairs indicated that the hybridization of gibel carp occurred 2.2 million years ago. Microsatellite genotyping in each individual from the gibel carp population indicated that most gibel carp genes were not tri-allelic. Molecular function and pathway comparisons suggested few gene expansions between them, except for the progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation pathway, which is enriched in gibel carp. Differential expression analysis identified highly expressed genes in gibel carp. The transcriptomes provide information on genetic diversity and genomic differences, which should assist future studies in functional genomics.
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhao ZK, Li W, Wang MY, Zhou L, Wang JL, Wang YF. The role of HIRA and maternal histones in sperm nucleus decondensation in the gibel carp and color crucian carp. Mol Reprod Dev 2011; 78:139-47. [PMID: 21337451 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.21278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The histone H3.3 chaperone HIRA is essential for chromatin assembly during male pronucleus formation in Drosophila. However, the role of HIRA during fertilization in vertebrates remains unclear. The gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) is a unique gynogenetic crucian carp (gyno-carp). Heterologous sperm nuclei cannot decondense when incorporated in the egg, thus the eggs produce a clonal lineage of all females by typical gynogenesis. In contrast, after entering the egg, homologous sperm can undergo decondensation and sexual reproduction is activated, which may produce both female and male offspring. Therefore, this fish is a useful model for studying the mechanisms of fertilization. Herein, we first compared HIRA expression during embryogenesis between gyno-carp and the gonochoristic color crucian carp (Carassius auratus; gono-carp). In gono-carp, a dramatic reduction of HIRA protein occurs shortly after fertilization, whereas HIRA protein is consistently expressed during embryogenesis of gyno-carp. Next, we used immunodepletion and an in vitro sperm decondensation system, and found that complete removal of HIRA inhibited sperm decondensation in both of the fish. Immunofluorescence localization showed that in the condensed sperm nuclei of gono-carp incubated in gyno-carp egg extracts, HIRA was detected, but neither the histone H2A variant H2af1o nor acetylated histone H4 was observed. These results suggest that HIRA may be a critical factor required for sperm nucleus decondensation, while the defect in deposition of some maternal histones in the sperm nucleus could be one reason why heterologous sperm cannot decondense in the gibel carp egg.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Ke Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Science, Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liasko R, Liousia V, Vrazeli P, Papiggioti O, Chortatou R, Abatzopoulos TJ, Leonardos ID. Biological traits of rare males in the population of Carassius gibelio (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae) from Lake Pamvotis (north-west Greece). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2010; 77:570-584. [PMID: 20701641 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02699.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The gynogenetic population of Prussian carp Carassius gibelio in Lake Pamvotis (north-west Greece) included a small percentage of males (2-3%). Cytogenetic analysis revealed heterogeneity of the population at the ploidy level: all females were triploid (modal chromosome number 156-162 chromosomes) while the males were either triploid (modal number 156-158 chromosomes) or tetraploid (modal number 200-214 chromosomes). Morphometric analysis revealed significant differences in body shape among these three groups. The males were more slender than females, while the triploid males could be discriminated from the tetraploid by the morphology of their caudal peduncle. The males attained a significantly lower asymptotic standard length (L(S)) (25.04 cm) than females (29.75 cm) and had lower exponent b of the L(S) and mass relationship. Under laboratory conditions, intraspecific crossings of C. gibelio males with females could give viable all-female offspring; in comparison with goldfish Carassius auratus males, the fertility of the C. gibelio males was generally reduced but remained highly variable among individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Liasko
- Laboratory of Zoology, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, 45 110, Ioannina, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Histone chaperones may participate the decondensation and assembly of chromatins, thus regulate gene expression. They play important roles in almost all developmental processes, such as gametogenesis, fertilization, embryogenesis, growth and senescence. In this review, we used well studied examples to illustrate various functions of histone chaperones during developmental processes. Focus is given to nucleoplasmin, CAF-1, HIRA, ASF1/CIA, and NAP1.
Collapse
|
7
|
Molecular Characterization and Functional Commonality of Nucleophosmin/Nucleoplasmin in Two Cyprinid Fish. Biochem Genet 2009; 47:749-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s10528-009-9274-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2008] [Accepted: 05/08/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
8
|
ZHOU L. PREPARATION OF POLYCLONAL ANTIBODY AND ANALYSIS OF SPATIAL EXPRESSION OF HIRA PROTEIN IN GIBEL CARP. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1035.2008.00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
9
|
Du XZ, Zhou L, Zhao HB, Wang YF, Gui JF. Identical sequences but different expression patterns of Hira gene in gynogenetic and gonochoristic crucian carps. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2008; 34:175-184. [PMID: 18649035 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-007-9158-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2007] [Accepted: 07/02/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Hir/Hira (histone regulation) genes were first identified in yeast as negative regulators of histone gene expression. It has been confirmed that HIRA is a conserved family of proteins present in various animals and plants. In this paper, the cDNAs of the Hira homolog named CagHira and CaHira were isolated from gynogenetic gibel carp (gyno-carp) and gonochoristic color crucian carp (gono-carp) respectively. The full-length CagHira is 3,860 bp in length with an open reading frame (ORF) of 3,033 bp that encodes 1,011 amino acids, while the full-length CaHira is 3,748 bp in length and also has an ORF of 3,033 bp. The deduced amino acid sequences of both Hira homologs contain seven WD domains and show high identity with other HIRA family members. RT-PCR analyses revealed strong expression of Hira in the ovaries, whereas no expression was detected in the testes of either of the fishes. Hira transcription was not detected in the liver of gyno-carp, but a high level of Hira mRNA was observed in gono-carp. The temporal expression pattern showed that the Hira mRNA is consistently expressed during all embryonic development stages in gyno-carp. However, the abundance of CaHira mRNA significantly decreased (P < 0.05) shortly after fertilization and then increased again and remained stable from gastrula till hatching. The varying spatiotemporal expression patterns of Hira genes in gyno-carp and gono-carp may be associated with the differing reproductive modes used by these two closely related fishes. Our results suggest that Hira may play a role not only in the decondensation of sperm nucleus and the formation of pronucleus during fertilization, but also in gastrulation and the subsequent development of embryos.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Z Du
- College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Spindler RE, Huang Y, Howard JG, Wang PY, Zhang H, Zhang G, Wildt DE. Giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) spermatozoon decondensation in vitro is not compromised by cryopreservation. Reprod Fertil Dev 2007; 18:767-75. [PMID: 17032585 DOI: 10.1071/rd06030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2006] [Accepted: 05/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural breeding of giant pandas in captivity is compromised, making artificial insemination and spermatozoa cryopreservation essential for genetic management. This study examined the influence of freeze-thawing on traditional parameters such as motility and spermatozoon functionality, specifically decondensation in vitro. Giant panda spermatozoa were assessed before and after rapid cryopreservation (4 degrees C to -130 degrees C over 2 min) in liquid nitrogen vapour. Spermatozoa pre-incubated in medium for 6 h were co-incubated with cat zonae (2 zonae microL(-1)) for 30 min to effect capacitation and an acrosome reaction. Spermatozoa were then mixed with mature cat oocyte cytoplasm (2 cytoplasm microL(-1)) for 4 h and evaluated for decondensation. Frozen spermatozoa were less motile (P < 0.05) than fresh counterparts immediately post-thawing, but not after 6 h incubation. There were more (P < 0.05) spermatozoa with completely diffused chromatin post-thaw (10.4 +/- 1.3%; mean +/- s.e.m.) compared to fresh counterparts (5.1 +/- 1.0%). However, there was no overall difference (P > 0.05) in the incidence of decondensation between fresh (4 h, 69.8 +/- 5.9%) and thawed (4 h, 71.5 +/- 4.9%) spermatozoa after exposure to cat oocyte cytoplasm. It is concluded that the 'rapid' method now used to cryopreserve giant panda spermatozoa has little impact on spermatozoon decondensation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Spindler
- Conservation and Research Center, Smithsonian's National Zoological Park, Front Royal, VA 22630, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|