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O'Donnell L, Hill EC, Anderson ASA, Edgar HJH. Cribra orbitalia and porotic hyperostosis are associated with respiratory infections in a contemporary mortality sample from New Mexico. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2020; 173:721-733. [PMID: 32869279 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cribra orbitalia (CO) and porotic hyperostosis (PH) are porous cranial lesions (PCLs) classically associated with iron-deficiency anemia in bioarchaeological contexts. However, recent studies indicate a need to reassess the interpretation of PCLs. This study addresses the potential health correlates of PCLs in a contemporary sample by examining relationships between the known cause of death (COD) and PCL presence/absence. METHODS This study includes a sample of 461 juvenile individuals (6 months to 15 years of age) who underwent examination at the University of New Mexico's Office of the Medical Investigator between 2011 and 2019. The information available for each individual includes their sex, age at death, and their COD and manner of death. RESULTS Odds ratio of having CO (OR = 3.92, p < .01) or PH (OR = 2.86, p = .02) lesions are increased in individuals with respiratory infections. Individuals with heart conditions have increased odds of having CO (OR = 3.52, p = .03) lesions, but not PH. CONCLUSION Individuals with respiratory infection are more likely to have CO and/or PH. CO appears to have a greater range of health correlates than PH does, as indicated by the heart condition results. However, individuals with congenital heart defects are at higher risk for respiratory infections, so bony alterations in cases of heart conditions may be due to respiratory illness. Since respiratory infection remains a leading cause of mortality today, CO and PH in bioarchaeological contexts should be considered as potential indicators of respiratory infections in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lexi O'Donnell
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi, USA
| | - Ethan C Hill
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | | | - Heather J H Edgar
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.,Office of the Medical Investigator, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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Mourad S, Rajab M, Alameddine A, Fares M, Ziade F, Merhi BA. Hemoglobin level as a risk factor for lower respiratory tract infections in Lebanese children. NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2010; 2:461-6. [PMID: 22558548 PMCID: PMC3339108 DOI: 10.4297/najms.2010.2461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pneumonia is the biggest single cause of childhood death under the age of 5 years, and anemia affects approximately 30% of infants and children all over the world. AIM Determination of the relationship between anemia and lower respiratory tract infection as a risk factor in Lebanese children. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total number of two hundred infants and children aged nine months to twelve years were included; One hundred cases were hospitalized for lower respiratory tract infection in Department of Pediatrics, Makassed General Hospital, and one hundred healthy, age and sex matched controls, were selected from outpatient department. Complete blood count, iron level, ferritin level, and total iron binding capacity were taken if hemoglobin level less than eleven gram per deci-liter. In addition peripheral blood smear, chest radiograph and C-reactive protein were done to hospitalized cases. Definition of iron deficiency anemia and normal laboratory values were predetermined. RESULTS Anemia was found in 32% of hospitalized cases and 16% of healthy controls. Mean hemoglobin level was 9.99 ± 0.62 gram per deci-liter and 11.99 ± 0.92 gram per deci-liter in anemic and non-anemic group respectively with a significant P-value of 0.001. C-reactive protein levels and number hospitalization days were similar among the anemic and non-anemic group. History of recurrent chest infections was significantly higher in both anemic group and hospitalized cases compared to non-anemic group and healthy controls. Low hemoglobin level was a risk factor for lower respiratory tract infection with a P-value of 0.008. CONCLUSION Anemic children were two times more susceptible to lower respiratory tract infection compared to the control group, and iron deficiency anemia was predominating. Accurate diagnosis and prevention of anemia, whatever its etiology, is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan Mourad
- Department of Pediatrics, Makassed General Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mariam Rajab
- Department of Pediatrics, Makassed General Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Aouni Alameddine
- Department of Pediatrics, Makassed General Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohammad Fares
- Department of Pediatrics, Makassed General Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fouad Ziade
- Department of Pediatrics, Makassed General Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Bassem Abou Merhi
- Department of Pediatrics, Makassed General Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
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Abstract
The objective of the study is to examine the assumption that a process of hemolysis plays a role in anemia of acute infection in children. The study was comprised of febrile pediatric patients, who had a positive blood or urine culture. Complete blood count measures were compared between hospitalization and prehospitalization or posthospitalization values. Children admitted to the hospital for elective surgical procedures served as controls. Blood parameters of hemolysis were investigated in some of the patients. Of the 70 patients studied, 49 (70%) were diagnosed with pyelonephritis and 21 (30%) had bacteremia. Mean (+/-SD) hemoglobin (Hgb) on hospital admission was 10.9+/-1.27 g/L as compared with 12.1+/-1.03 g/L of the controls, P<0.0001. Compared with normal-for-age Hgb values as a standard, 42 (60%) cases were identified as anemic. Compared with hospitalization values, Hgb and hematocrit (Hct) were significantly higher in prehospitalization or posthospitalization, whereas WBC values were significantly lower. All parameters of hemolysis, namely reticulocytes, bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and haptoglobin, were normal. Bacteremia and pyelonephritis are accompanied by a significant drop in Hgb level. There is no evidence of hemolytic anemia in these patients.
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Kim SY, Son MH, Yeom JS, Park JS, Park ES, Seo JH, Lim JY, Park CH, Woo HO, Youn HS. Correlaton between soluble transferrin receptor concentration and inflammatory markers. KOREAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2009. [DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2009.52.4.435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- So Young Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Meong Hi Son
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jung suk Yeom
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Ji sook Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Eun Sil Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Seo
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jae-Young Lim
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Chan-Hoo Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Hyang-Ok Woo
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Hee-Shang Youn
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
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Son MH, Yeom JS, Park JS, Park ES, Seo JH, Lim JY, Park CH, Woo HO, Youn HS. Relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and iron-deficiency anemia in infants and children. KOREAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2009. [DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2009.52.5.544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Meong Hi Son
- Department of Pediatrics, The Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jung Suk Yeom
- Department of Pediatrics, The Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Ji Suk Park
- Department of Pediatrics, The Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Eun Sil Park
- Department of Pediatrics, The Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Seo
- Department of Pediatrics, The Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jae Young Lim
- Department of Pediatrics, The Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Chan Hoo Park
- Department of Pediatrics, The Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Hyang Ok Woo
- Department of Pediatrics, The Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Hee Shang Youn
- Department of Pediatrics, The Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
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Park ES, Kim IS, Jun JS, Seo JH, Lim JY, Park CH, Woo HO, Youn HS. The Usefulness of the Serum Transferrin Receptor to Serum Ferritin Ratio for Discriminating between Iron Deficiency Anemia and Anemia of Inflammation in Infants. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY 2008. [DOI: 10.5045/kjh.2008.43.1.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Sil Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - In-Suk Kim
- Department of Diagnostic Laboratory, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jin Su Jun
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Seo
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jae-Young Lim
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Chan-Hoo Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Hyang-Ok Woo
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Hee-Shang Youn
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
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Angeles Vázquez López M, Molinos FL, Carmona ML, Morales AC, Muñoz Vico FJ, Muñoz JL, Muñoz Hoyos A. Serum transferrin receptor in children: usefulness for determinating the nature of anemia in infection. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2006; 28:809-15. [PMID: 17164650 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0b013e31802d751a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To know the variations of serum transferrin receptor (sTfR) and its indices depending on the status of body iron and the presence of infection in children, to evaluate their usefulness for recognizing the nature of anemia in infection, and to know the role of erythropoietic activity in these conditions. DESIGN AND METHODS Three hundred and sixty-eight children between 1 and 10 years were included: 206 healthy children; 60 iron deficient anemic children (IDA); 102 with anemia and infectious disease, 58 of them meeting criteria for IDA. We measured hemoglobin, red cell indices, reticulocytes, transferrin saturation, serum ferritin, erythrocyte protoporphyrin, serum erythropoietin, and sTfR. Statistic method: ANOVA test, multiple linear regression, and ROC curve. RESULTS sTfR, sTfR/ferritin ratio, and sTfR-logferritin index values were found to increase significantly in IDA children. These values were significantly lower in infectious anemia than iron deficiency states. Serum erythropoietin only was elevated significantly in iron deficiency states. In children without infection, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, erythrocyte protoporphirin, erythropoietin logarithm, and total-iron-binding-capacity logarithm predicted 81% of sTfR variability. sTfR and its indices showed a very high sensitivity and specificity for recognizing iron deficiency states. In children with IDA and infection sensitivity for sTfR/ferritin ratio was low (area under the curve: 0.71; 95% confidence interval: 0.64-0.88). For discriminating the nature of anemia in infection the cut-off point obtained for sTfR, sTfR/ferritin ratio, and sTfR-F index were 3, 70, and 1.8, respectively, and their sensitivity and specificity were also very high. CONCLUSIONS sTfR, sTfR/ferritin ratio, and sTfR-F index are useful parameters for recognizing iron deficiency and the nature of anemia in infection. In IDA+infection, sTfR/ferritin ratio should not be recommended in the diagnosis of iron deficiency. In iron deficiency, erythropoietic activity has a secondary role as predictor factor of sTfR levels.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This prospective study was conducted to evaluate the role of hemoglobin level, as a risk factor for Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in children (LRTI). METHODS 100 children who came to the outpatient department for LRTI were included in the study. Age and sex-matched 100 children, not having any respiratory illness, were taken as control. They were subjected to complete blood count (CBC),C-reactive protein estimation (CRP), Mantoux test and X-ray chest. Peripheral smear, serum ferritin and serum iron binding capacity were done for all anemic children. Results. Radiological evidence of pneumonia was present in 63 children(63%).Hyper inflated lungs were seen in 27 (27%). Mantoux was positive in 22 children (22%) of study group and none among control group. CRP > 6 mg/L was noted in 45 children (45%) of study group and 14 (14%) of control group. Seventy four of study group (74 %) and 33 of control group (33%) had anemia. Of the anemic children, 60 (60%) had iron deficiency,10 (10%) chronic inflammation and 4 (4%) had hemolytic anemia. These values were 30 (30%), 2 (2%) and 1 (1%)respectively for control group. Low hemoglobin level due to whatever etiology, was a risk factor (p=0.000). CONCLUSION Anemic children were 5.75 times more susceptible to LRTI compared to the control group. Prevention of anemia, due to whatever etiology, will reduce the incidence of LRTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ramakrishnan
- Department of Pediatrics, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Kochi, Kerala, India.
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Madhavan Nair K, Bhaskaram P, Balakrishna N, Ravinder P, Sesikeran B. Response of hemoglobin, serum ferritin, and serum transferrin receptor during iron supplementation in pregnancy: a prospective study. Nutrition 2005; 20:896-9. [PMID: 15474878 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2004.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We evaluated the effect of iron supplementation on biochemical indicators of iron status, namely hemoglobin (Hb), serum ferritin (SF), and serum transferrin receptor (sTfR), during pregnancy. METHODS A prospective study was conducted in 73 pregnant women who received daily supplements of 60 mg of iron and 500 microg of folic acid for 100 d from 19 wk of gestation. The indicators of iron status (Hb, SF, and sTfR) at 19, 27, and 35 wk of gestation were analyzed. The response of iron status indicators to iron supplementation was assessed in the cohort and in pregnant women who were anemic (n = 35) and non-anemic (n = 38) at 19 wk. RESULTS All three indicators of iron status during supplementation (27 and 35 wk) were similar to the presupplementation status. The sTfR as an indicator correlated negatively with presupplementation Hb levels (r = -0.417). Based on sTfR level in iron-adequate pregnant women, a cutoff value of at least 12.0 mg/L was derived to define iron deficiency in pregnancy. When the response was tested in anemic pregnant women, iron supplementation improved mean Hb (P < 0.05) at the end of 35 wk (96 +/- 8.8 to 110 +/- 20.2 g/L) of gestation, with no change in SF. Conversely, non-anemic pregnant women showed a significant increase in SF and a decrease in Hb (122 +/- 11.6 to 112 +/- 15.2 g/L) at 35 wk of gestation. A significant effect of iron intake on sTfR was seen only among iron-deficient anemic women. CONCLUSIONS These observations suggest that, during pregnancy, sTfR responds to iron supplementation when there is iron-deficiency anemia and therefore can be used as an indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnapillai Madhavan Nair
- Division of Biophysics, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India.
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