1
|
Swiderski J, Sakkal S, Apostolopoulos V, Zulli A, Gadanec LK. Combination of Taurine and Black Pepper Extract as a Treatment for Cardiovascular and Coronary Artery Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112562. [PMID: 37299525 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The shift in modern dietary regimens to "Western style" and sedentary lifestyles are believed to be partly responsible for the increase in the global burden of cardiovascular diseases. Natural products have been used throughout human history as treatments for a plethora of pathological conditions. Taurine and, more recently, black pepper have gained attention for their beneficial health effects while remaining non-toxic even when ingested in excess. Taurine, black pepper, and the major terpene constituents found in black pepper (i.e., β-caryophyllene; α-pinene; β-pinene; α-humulene; limonene; and sabinene) that are present in PhytoCann BP® have been shown to have cardioprotective effects based on anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, anti-hypertensive and anti-atherosclerotic mechanisms. This comprehensive review of the literature focuses on determining whether the combination of taurine and black pepper extract is an effective natural treatment for reducing cardiovascular diseases risk factors (i.e., hypertension and hyperhomocysteinemia) and for driving anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and anti-atherosclerotic mechanisms to combat coronary artery disease, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and atherosclerotic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Swiderski
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia
| | - Samy Sakkal
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia
- Immunology Program, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Anthony Zulli
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia
| | - Laura Kate Gadanec
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang XM, Lv LX, Qin YS, Zhang YZ, Yang N, Wu S, Xia XW, Yang H, Xu H, Liu Y, Ding WJ. Ji-Chuan decoction ameliorates slow transit constipation via regulation of intestinal glial cell apoptosis. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:5007-5022. [PMID: 36160643 PMCID: PMC9494937 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i34.5007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Slow transit constipation (STC) is a common intestinal disease with increasing incidence. STC results from various factors, such as the enteric nervous system and metabolic changes. As a classical formula of traditional Chinese medicine, Ji-Chuan decoction (JCD) has been extensively and effectively used in STC treatment, yet its pharmacological mechanism remains unclear.
AIM To explore the integrated regulatory pattern of JCD against STC through hyphenated techniques from metabolism, network pharmacology and molecular methods.
METHODS STC model mice were generated by intragastric administration of compound diphenoxylate (10 mg/kg/d) for 14 d. The STC mice in the low dose of JCD (3.04 g/kg), middle dose of JCD (6.08 g/kg) and high dose of JCD (12.16 g/kg) groups were orally administered JCD solution once a day for 2 wk. The acetylcholine (ACH) level was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The pathological features of colon tissue were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The differentially expressed metabolites and metabolic pathways were tested by nontargeted metabolomics. The main targets and core ingredients of JCD were identified by network pharmacology, and the expression of AKT was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Finally, the pathways involved in JCD treatment were predicted using a combination of differentially expressed metabolites and targets, and intestinal glial cell apoptosis was demonstrated by immunofluorescence.
RESULTS JCD significantly promoted intestinal motility, increased the levels of the excitatory neurotransmitter ACH and reduced intestinal inflammation in STC mice. Untargeted metabolomics results showed that JCD significantly restored metabolic dysfunction and significantly affected taurine and hypotaurine metabolism. Network pharmacology and molecular experiments showed that JCD regulates AKT protein expression, and the core component is quercetin. Combined analysis demonstrated that apoptosis may be an important mechanism by which JCD relieves constipation. Further experiments showed that JCD reduced enteric glial cell (EGC) apoptosis.
CONCLUSION This work demonstrated that reducing EGC apoptosis may be the critical mechanism by which JCD treats STC. These findings call for further molecular research to facilitate the clinical application of JCD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Min Wang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
- Department of Proctology, Chengdu First People’s Hospital, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Li-Xia Lv
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chengdu First People’s Hospital, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yue-Si Qin
- Department of Dermatology, Chengdu First People’s Hospital, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yu-Zhu Zhang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ni Yang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Shu Wu
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiu-Wen Xia
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Proctology, Chengdu First People’s Hospital, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515063, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei-Jun Ding
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Qaradakhi T, Gadanec LK, McSweeney KR, Abraham JR, Apostolopoulos V, Zulli A. The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Taurine on Cardiovascular Disease. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2847. [PMID: 32957558 PMCID: PMC7551180 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Taurine is a non-protein amino acid that is expressed in the majority of animal tissues. With its unique sulfonic acid makeup, taurine influences cellular functions, including osmoregulation, antioxidation, ion movement modulation, and conjugation of bile acids. Taurine exerts anti-inflammatory effects that improve diabetes and has shown benefits to the cardiovascular system, possibly by inhibition of the renin angiotensin system. The beneficial effects of taurine are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tawar Qaradakhi
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia; (L.K.G.); (K.R.M.); (J.R.A.); (V.A.); (A.Z.)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Elshorbagy AK, Graham I, Refsum H. Body mass index determines the response of plasma sulfur amino acids to methionine loading. Biochimie 2020; 173:107-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
5
|
Song W, Ci H, Tian G, Zhang Y, Ge X. Edoxaban improves venous thrombosis via increasing hydrogen sulfide and homocysteine in rat model. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:7706-7714. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
6
|
Singh VK, Rahman MN, Munro K, Uversky VN, Smith SP, Jia Z. Free cysteine modulates the conformation of human C/EBP homologous protein. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34680. [PMID: 22496840 PMCID: PMC3319616 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The C/EBP Homologous Protein (CHOP) is a nuclear protein that is integral to the unfolded protein response culminating from endoplasmic reticulum stress. Previously, CHOP was shown to comprise extensive disordered regions and to self-associate in solution. In the current study, the intrinsically disordered nature of this protein was characterized further by comprehensive in silico analyses. Using circular dichroism, differential scanning calorimetry and nuclear magnetic resonance, we investigated the global conformation and secondary structure of CHOP and demonstrated, for the first time, that conformational changes in this protein can be induced by the free amino acid L-cysteine. Addition of L-cysteine caused a significant dose-dependent decrease in the protein helicity--dropping from 69.1% to 23.8% in the presence of 1 mM of L-cysteine--and a sequential transition to a more disordered state, unlike that caused by thermal denaturation. Furthermore, the presence of small amounts of free amino acid (80 µM, an 8:1 cysteine∶CHOP ratio) during CHOP thermal denaturation altered the molecular mechanism of its melting process, leading to a complex, multi-step transition. On the other hand, high levels (4 mM) of free L-cysteine seemed to cause a complete loss of rigid cooperatively melting structure. These results suggested a potential regulatory function of L-cysteine which may lead to changes in global conformation of CHOP in response to the cellular redox state and/or endoplasmic reticulum stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinay K. Singh
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mona N. Rahman
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kim Munro
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Steven P. Smith
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zongchao Jia
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
|
8
|
Cho SY, Lee IS, Kim JH, Hwang IS, Kim SI, Han KM, Kim JW, Lee JH, Park YK, Han SY, Chae KR. Rapid Determination of Chiral Amino Acids by LC-Q-TOF Mass Spectrometry. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2011. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2011.32.12.4458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
9
|
Selective determination of cysteines through precolumn double-labeling and liquid chromatography followed by detection of intramolecular FRET. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 399:1665-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4461-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2010] [Revised: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
10
|
Regulation of redox forms of plasma thiols by albumin in multiple sclerosis after fasting and methionine loading test. Amino Acids 2009; 38:1461-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-009-0350-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2008] [Accepted: 09/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
11
|
Taurine determination by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection: from clinical field to quality food applications. Amino Acids 2008; 36:35-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-007-0022-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2007] [Accepted: 12/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
12
|
Likogianni V, Janel N, Ledru A, Beaune P, Paul JL, Demuth K. Thiol compounds metabolism in mice, rats and humans: comparative study and potential explanation of rodents protection against vascular diseases. Clin Chim Acta 2006; 372:140-6. [PMID: 16712825 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2006.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2006] [Revised: 03/30/2006] [Accepted: 03/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rodents are often used as animal models to dissect mechanisms underlying hyperhomocysteinemia atherogenicity in humans. However, neither wild-type rodents nor cystathionine beta-synthase deficient mice develop spontaneous atherosclerosis. We investigated whether species-specific differences in thiols metabolism may explain the respective sensitivity of rodents and humans to hyperhomocysteinemia. METHODS Thiols and vitamins B levels were determined in normohomocysteinemic humans and rodents, and in hyperhomocysteinemic mice. RESULTS In basal status, although plasma homocysteine, cysteine and cysteinylglycine levels were lower, glutathione levels were higher in mice than in humans (4.0+/-1.6 vs. 7.9+/-2.2, P<0.0005; 147.4+/-40.3 vs. 278.5+/-50.0, P<0.0001; 2.3+/-0.7 vs. 36.6+/-7.3, P<0.0001; and 70.9+/-20.1 vs. 4.6+/-1.6, P<0.0001). Serum vitamin B12 and folate levels were 2.5- and 7.7-fold higher in rats than in humans. In wild-type mice, the increase in plasma Hcy levels induced by methionine-enriched diet was accompanied by a proportional increase in GSH levels. CONCLUSION GSH levels are enough to modulate Hcy effects in normo- and hyperhomocysteinemic mice but not in humans. This rodents characteristic, likely supported by species differences in the relative contribution of remethylation and transsulfuration pathways, may partly explain their protection against atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Likogianni
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Biochimie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|