Stearic acid is well absorbed from short- and long-acyl-chain triacylglycerol in an acute test meal

Influence of different dietary oil consumption on nutrient malabsorption: An animal trial using Sprague Dawley rats

In the present study, the influences of five typical dietary oils (i.e., palm oil, PO; leaf lard oil, LO; rapeseed oil, RO; sunflower oil, SO; and linseed oil, LN) consumption on the nutrients malabsorption were studied using adult male Sprague Dawley rats. Results suggested that the C16:0 (24.534 ± 2.26% to 54.269 ± 1.28%) and C18:0 (18.433 ± 4.421% to 36.455 ± 3.316%) were the dominant fatty acids in fecal samples in different groups. After 6-week intervention by different dietary oils, the fecal moisture and water soluble protein content in PO group, the reducing sugar content in PO, LO, and RO groups were significantly increased compared with those in the control group (p < .05). Moreover, the Na, K, and Fe contents in LO group were all the highest among the all groups. These effects were probably due to the different fatty acids composition as illustrated in the correlation analysis results. The different effects were probably due to their distinct fatty acids composition as illustrated in the correlation analysis results. Results further indicated that the different dietary oils treatment, especially for the PO (SFAs, 43.17 ± 0.98%) and LO (SFAs, 36.44 ± 0.65%), increased the upstream inflammatory cytokine expression level in the Toll-like receptor signal pathway (i.e., TLR4 and MyD88), enhancing the gut permeability. This resulted in significant increase of serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels (p < .05), which was closely connected with different metabolic diseases. The present study may provide basic understandings about different dietary oil enteral nutrition and their effects on gut health. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The PO, LO, RO, SO, and LN are the five of the most typical dietary lipids in Asia countries, especially in China. They are the natural edible oils which are rich in C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2ω6, and C18:3ω3, respectively. The present study indicated that the different dietary lipid consumption may result in different dietary nutrients malabsorption, which are related with the dietary lipid fatty acid composition.

The effect of salatrim, a low-calorie modified triacylglycerol, on appetite and energy intake

BACKGROUND

Salatrim is modified triacylglycerol that is rich in short-chain fatty acids and stearic acid. It is used as a lower-calorie fat replacer. In addition, it has been hypothesized that salatrim's reduced absorption in the small intestine may lead to greater amounts of fat in the gastrointestinal tract, which may decrease appetite and energy intake through the release of appetite-regulating gastrointestinal hormones.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to compare the effects of salatrim and traditional fat on appetite, ad libitum energy intake, and gastrointestinal hormones.

DESIGN

Twenty-two healthy, young, normal-weight men participated in a randomized, double-blind, crossover study. Test meals were a traditional fat meal and a salatrim meal with a mixture of traditional fat and salatrim. Visual analogue scales were used to record appetite and well-being every 30 min, and blood was sampled frequently. An ad libitum lunch was served 4.5 h after the test meal.

RESULTS

The salatrim meal increased fullness (P = 0.04) and decreased hunger (P = 0.06) significantly more than did the traditional fat meal. The traditional fat meal increased well-being (P = 0.02). There was no significant difference in ad libitum energy intake or overall energy intake between the 2 test days. No significant differences in blood glucose, insulin, triacylglycerol, ghrelin, cholecystokinin, glucagon-like peptide-1, or peptide YY concentrations were found. A significantly (P = 0.01) smaller increase in free fatty acids was observed after the salatrim meal than after the traditional fat meal.

CONCLUSIONS

Salatrim had a modestly more suppressive effect on appetite than did a traditional fat. Gastrointestinal hormones did not seem to be involved.