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Gnanasekaran H, Chandrasekhar SP, Kandeeban S, Periyasamy P, Bhende M, Khetan V, Gupta N, Kabra M, Namboothri S, Sen P, Sripriya S. Mutation profile of Bardet-Biedl syndrome patients from India: Implicative role of multiallelic rare variants and oligogenic inheritance pattern. Clin Genet 2023; 104:443-460. [PMID: 37431782 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS), a rare primary form of ciliopathy, with heterogeneous clinical and genetic presentation is characterized by rod cone dystrophy, obesity, polydactyly, urogenital abnormalities, and cognitive impairment. Here, we delineate the genetic profile in a cohort of 108 BBS patients from India by targeted gene sequencing-based approach for a panel of ciliopathy (including BBS) and other inherited retinal disease genes. We report here a higher frequency of BBS10 and BBS1 gene variations. A different spectrum of variations including a putatively novel gene TSPOAP1, for BBS was identified. Increased percentage frequency of digenic variants (36%) in the disease cohort, role of modifiers in familial cases are some of the salient observations in this work. This study appends the knowledge of BBS genetics pertaining to patients from India. We observed a different molecular epidemiology of BBS patients in this study cohort compared to other reports, which emphasizes the need for molecular testing in affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshavardhini Gnanasekaran
- SNONGC Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Vision Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sathya Priya Chandrasekhar
- SNONGC Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Vision Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Suganya Kandeeban
- SNONGC Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Vision Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Porkodi Periyasamy
- SNONGC Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Vision Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Muna Bhende
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Vikas Khetan
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Neerja Gupta
- Shri Bhagwan Mahavir Vitreoretinal Services, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Madhulika Kabra
- Shri Bhagwan Mahavir Vitreoretinal Services, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sheela Namboothri
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Parveen Sen
- Shri Bhagwan Mahavir Vitreoretinal Services, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sarangapani Sripriya
- SNONGC Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Vision Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
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He Y, Xie RG, Lou JW, Li YW, Wang CL, Zhang VW, Li DZ. Exome-based preconception carrier testing for consanguineous couples in China. Prenat Diagn 2021; 41:1425-1429. [PMID: 34486758 DOI: 10.1002/pd.6018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the utility of clinical exome sequencing (ES)-based carrier screening in Chinese consanguineous couples. METHODS Consanguineous couples were screened for autosomal recessive (AR) disorders using the clinical ES of 5000 genes associated with human diseases. RESULTS We recruited 14 couples who elected to have sequencing. One couple was related as first cousins and 13 as second cousins. Both partners carrying the same pathogenic variant were detected in four couples. One couple was found in which one partner carried a splice variant, and the other had a missence variant of the same gene. These five couples were identified as being at risk of having a child affected by an AR disorder. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that ES-based preconception screening yields a clinical value for Chinese consanguineous couples. It enables to detect at-risk couples for rare AR diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi He
- Prenatal Diagnosis Unit, Dongguan Women and Children Healthcare Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Run-Gui Xie
- Prenatal Diagnosis Unit, Dongguan Women and Children Healthcare Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Ji-Wu Lou
- Prenatal Diagnosis Unit, Dongguan Women and Children Healthcare Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan-Wei Li
- Amcare Genomic Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chun-Li Wang
- Amcare Genomic Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Dong-Zhi Li
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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The Neurochaperonopathies: Anomalies of the Chaperone System with Pathogenic Effects in Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Disorders. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11030898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The chaperone (or chaperoning) system (CS) constitutes molecular chaperones, co-chaperones, and chaperone co-factors, interactors and receptors, and its canonical role is protein quality control. A malfunction of the CS may cause diseases, known as the chaperonopathies. These are caused by qualitatively and/or quantitatively abnormal molecular chaperones. Since the CS is ubiquitous, chaperonopathies are systemic, affecting various tissues and organs, playing an etiologic-pathogenic role in diverse conditions. In this review, we focus on chaperonopathies involved in the pathogenic mechanisms of diseases of the central and peripheral nervous systems: the neurochaperonopathies (NCPs). Genetic NCPs are linked to pathogenic variants of chaperone genes encoding, for example, the small Hsp, Hsp10, Hsp40, Hsp60, and CCT-BBS (chaperonin-containing TCP-1- Bardet–Biedl syndrome) chaperones. Instead, the acquired NCPs are associated with malfunctional chaperones, such as Hsp70, Hsp90, and VCP/p97 with aberrant post-translational modifications. Awareness of the chaperonopathies as the underlying primary or secondary causes of disease will improve diagnosis and patient management and open the possibility of investigating and developing chaperonotherapy, namely treatment with the abnormal chaperone as the main target. Positive chaperonotherapy would apply in chaperonopathies by defect, i.e., chaperone insufficiency, and consist of chaperone replacement or boosting, whereas negative chaperonotherapy would be pertinent when a chaperone actively participates in the initiation and progression of the disease and must be blocked and eliminated.
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Novel biallelic splice-site BBS1 variants in Bardet-Biedle syndrome: a case report of the first Japanese patient. Doc Ophthalmol 2020; 141:77-88. [PMID: 31997113 DOI: 10.1007/s10633-020-09752-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report the clinical and genetic features of a 9-year-old female Japanese patient with Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS). METHODS Genetic analysis using whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed for the patient and her parents to identify disease-causing variants. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to investigate the impact of splice-site variants. Comprehensive ophthalmic and systemic examinations, including electroretinography (ERG), were performed. RESULTS In the patient, WES identified novel compound heterozygous splice-site variants (c.124+2T>G and c.723+2T>G) in the BBS1 gene, and RT-PCR revealed skipping of exons 2 and 8 (p.N17AfsX56 and p.T198_K241del). Each parent had one of the variants. Ophthalmologically, the patient's decimal best-corrected visual acuity was 0.6 in the right eye and 0.4 in the left eye. Funduscopy revealed no apparent retinal degeneration or narrowed blood vessels in the periphery, but macular abnormalities were found on fundus autofluorescence imaging and optical coherence tomography images. Unexpectedly, non-recordable responses in rod ERG were found, with a non-recordable response of the right eye and an extremely reduced and delayed a-wave of the left eye in standard ERG, non-recordable responses in cone ERG, and extremely decreased responses in 30 Hz flicker ERG. Finally, the patient fulfilled four primary features of BBS diagnostic criteria: rod-cone dystrophy, polydactyly, central obesity, and learning disabilities, being diagnosed with BBS. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of a BBS patient with biallelic splice-site BBS1 variants in the Japanese population. Disparity between funduscopic and ERG findings may be a feature of BBS1-associated rod-cone dystrophy.
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Jaffal L, Joumaa WH, Assi A, Helou C, Cherfan G, Zibara K, Audo I, Zeitz C, El Shamieh S. Next Generation Sequencing Identifies Five Novel Mutations in Lebanese Patients with Bardet-Biedl and Usher Syndromes. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10121047. [PMID: 31888296 PMCID: PMC6947157 DOI: 10.3390/genes10121047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To identify disease-causing mutations in four Lebanese families: three families with Bardet-Biedl and one family with Usher syndrome (BBS and USH respectively), using next generation sequencing (NGS). METHODS We applied targeted NGS in two families and whole exome sequencing (WES) in two other families. Pathogenicity of candidate mutations was evaluated according to frequency, conservation, in silico prediction tools, segregation with disease, and compatibility with inheritance pattern. The presence of pathogenic variants was confirmed via Sanger sequencing followed by segregation analysis. RESULTS Most likely disease-causing mutations were identified in all included patients. In BBS patients, we found (M1): c.2258A > T, p. (Glu753Val) in BBS9, (M2): c.68T > C; p. (Leu23Pro) in ARL6, (M3): c.265_266delTT; p. (Leu89Valfs*11) and (M4): c.880T > G; p. (Tyr294Asp) in BBS12. A previously known variant (M5): c.551A > G; p. (Asp184Ser) was also detected in BBS5. In the USH patient, we found (M6): c.188A > C, p. (Tyr63Ser) in CLRN1. M2, M3, M4, and M6 were novel. All of the candidate mutations were shown to be likely disease-causing through our bioinformatic analysis. They also segregated with the corresponding phenotype in available family members. CONCLUSION This study expanded the mutational spectrum and showed the genetic diversity of BBS and USH. It also spotlighted the efficiency of NGS techniques in revealing mutations underlying clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lama Jaffal
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Debbieh 1107 2809, Lebanon;
| | - Wissam H Joumaa
- Rammal Hassan Rammal Research Laboratory, Physiotoxicity (PhyTox), Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Nabatieh 1700, Lebanon;
| | - Alexandre Assi
- Retinal Service, Beirut Eye & ENT Specialist Hospital, Beirut 1106, Lebanon; (A.A.); (C.H.); (G.C.)
| | - Charles Helou
- Retinal Service, Beirut Eye & ENT Specialist Hospital, Beirut 1106, Lebanon; (A.A.); (C.H.); (G.C.)
| | - George Cherfan
- Retinal Service, Beirut Eye & ENT Specialist Hospital, Beirut 1106, Lebanon; (A.A.); (C.H.); (G.C.)
| | - Kazem Zibara
- ER045, PRASE, DSST, Lebanese University, Beirut 1700, Lebanon;
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Beirut 1700, Lebanon
| | - Isabelle Audo
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 75012 Paris, France; (I.A.); (C.Z.)
- CHNO des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM-DGOS CIC1423, 75012 Paris, France
- University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Christina Zeitz
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 75012 Paris, France; (I.A.); (C.Z.)
| | - Said El Shamieh
- Rammal Hassan Rammal Research Laboratory, Physiotoxicity (PhyTox), Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Nabatieh 1700, Lebanon;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut 1107 2809, Lebanon
- Correspondence:
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Ludlam WG, Aoba T, Cuéllar J, Bueno-Carrasco MT, Makaju A, Moody JD, Franklin S, Valpuesta JM, Willardson BM. Molecular architecture of the Bardet-Biedl syndrome protein 2-7-9 subcomplex. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:16385-16399. [PMID: 31530639 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a genetic disorder characterized by malfunctions in primary cilia resulting from mutations that disrupt the function of the BBSome, an 8-subunit complex that plays an important role in protein transport in primary cilia. To better understand the molecular basis of BBS, here we used an integrative structural modeling approach consisting of EM and chemical cross-linking coupled with MS analyses, to analyze the structure of a BBSome 2-7-9 subcomplex consisting of three homologous BBS proteins, BBS2, BBS7, and BBS9. The resulting molecular model revealed an overall structure that resembles a flattened triangle. We found that within this structure, BBS2 and BBS7 form a tight dimer through a coiled-coil interaction and that BBS9 associates with the dimer via an interaction with the α-helical domain of BBS2. Interestingly, a BBS-associated mutation of BBS2 (R632P) is located in its α-helical domain at the interface between BBS2 and BBS9, and binding experiments indicated that this mutation disrupts the BBS2-BBS9 interaction. This finding suggests that BBSome assembly is disrupted by the R632P substitution, providing molecular insights that may explain the etiology of BBS in individuals harboring this mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Grant Ludlam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602
| | - Takuma Aoba
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602
| | - Jorge Cuéllar
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Teresa Bueno-Carrasco
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aman Makaju
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - James D Moody
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602
| | - Sarah Franklin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - José M Valpuesta
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Barry M Willardson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602
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Niederlova V, Modrak M, Tsyklauri O, Huranova M, Stepanek O. Meta-analysis of genotype-phenotype associations in Bardet-Biedl syndrome uncovers differences among causative genes. Hum Mutat 2019; 40:2068-2087. [PMID: 31283077 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a recessive genetic disease causing multiple organ anomalies. Most patients carry mutations in genes encoding for the subunits of the BBSome, an octameric ciliary transport complex, or accessory proteins involved in the BBSome assembly or function. BBS proteins have been extensively studied using in vitro, cellular, and animal models. However, the molecular functions of particular BBS proteins and the etiology of the BBS symptoms are still largely elusive. In this study, we applied a meta-analysis approach to study the genotype-phenotype association in humans using our database of all reported BBS patients. The analysis revealed that the identity of the causative gene and the character of the mutation partially predict the clinical outcome of the disease. Besides their potential use for clinical prognosis, our analysis revealed functional differences of particular BBS genes in humans. Core BBSome subunits BBS2, BBS7, and BBS9 manifest as more critical for the function and development of kidneys than peripheral subunits BBS1, BBS4, and BBS8/TTC8, suggesting that incomplete BBSome retains residual function at least in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Niederlova
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Modrak
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Oksana Tsyklauri
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Huranova
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Stepanek
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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Geets E, Meuwissen MEC, Van Hul W. Clinical, molecular genetics and therapeutic aspects of syndromic obesity. Clin Genet 2018; 95:23-40. [PMID: 29700824 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has become a major health problem worldwide. To date, more than 25 different syndromic forms of obesity are known in which one (monogenic) or multiple (polygenic) genes are involved. This review gives an overview of these forms and focuses more in detail on 6 syndromes: Prader Willi Syndrome and Prader Willi like phenotype, Bardet Biedl Syndrome, Alström Syndrome, Wilms tumor, Aniridia, Genitourinary malformations and mental Retardation syndrome and 16p11.2 (micro)deletions. Years of research provided plenty of information on the molecular genetics of these disorders and the obesity phenotype leading to a more individualized treatment of the symptoms, however, many questions still remain unanswered. As these obesity syndromes have different signs and symptoms in common, it makes it difficult to accurately diagnose patients which may result in inappropriate treatment of the disease. Therefore, the big challenge for clinicians and scientists is to more clearly differentiate all syndromic forms of obesity to provide conclusive genetic explanations and eventually deliver accurate genetic counseling and treatment. In addition, further delineation of the (functions of the) underlying genes with the use of array- or next-generation sequencing-based technology will be helpful to unravel the mechanisms of energy metabolism in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Geets
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - M E C Meuwissen
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - W Van Hul
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
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Yıldız Bölükbaşı E, Mumtaz S, Afzal M, Woehlbier U, Malik S, Tolun A. Homozygous mutation in CEP19, a gene mutated in morbid obesity, in Bardet-Biedl syndrome with predominant postaxial polydactyly. J Med Genet 2017; 55:189-197. [DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2017-104758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundBardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a ciliopathy with extensive phenotypic variability and genetic heterogeneity. We aimed to discover the gene mutated in a consanguineous kindred with multiple cases of a BBS phenotype.MethodsSNP genotype data were used for linkage analysis and exome sequencing to identify mutations. Modelling and in silico analysis were performed to predict mutation severity.ResultsPatients had postaxial polydactyly plus variable other clinical features including rod-cone dystrophy, obesity, intellectual disability, renal malformation, developmental delay, dental anomalies, speech disorder and enlarged fatty liver. The 4.57 Mb disease locus harboured homozygous, truncating CEP19 c.194_195insA (p.Tyr65*) mutation. We also found glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1(GLI1) c.820G>C (p.Gly274Arg) in the homozygous state in most patients. In silico modelling strongly suggests that it is damaging. Also, different combinations of four possible modifier alleles in BBS-related genes were detected. Two are known modifier alleles for BBS, splicing variant CCDC28B c.330C>T and missense MKKS/BBS6 p.Ile339Val, and the others are C8ORF37/BBS21 p.Ala178Val and TMEM67/BBS14 modifier p.Asp799Asp. Some patients carry all those five known/possible modifier alleles. Such variants are highly significantly more abundant in our patients than in a control group.ConclusionCEP19 encodes a centrosomal and ciliary protein, as all BBS genes do. Another truncating mutation p.Arg82* has been reported as responsible for morbid obesity in a family; however, in the family we present, not all homozygotes are obese, although some are severely obese. The variant in GLI1, encoding a transcription factor that localises to the primary cilium and nucleus and is a mediator of the sonic hedgehog pathway, possibly exacerbates disease severity when in the homozygous state.
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Priya S, Nampoothiri S, Sen P, Sripriya S. Bardet-Biedl syndrome: Genetics, molecular pathophysiology, and disease management. Indian J Ophthalmol 2017; 64:620-627. [PMID: 27853007 PMCID: PMC5151149 DOI: 10.4103/0301-4738.194328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia play a key role in sensory perception and various signaling pathways. Any defect in them leads to group of disorders called ciliopathies, and Bardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS, OMIM 209900) is one among them. The disorder is clinically and genetically heterogeneous, with various primary and secondary clinical manifestations, and shows autosomal recessive inheritance and highly prevalent in inbred/consanguineous populations. The disease mapped to at least twenty different genes (BBS1-BBS20), follow oligogenic inheritance pattern. BBS proteins localizes to the centerosome and regulates the biogenesis and functions of the cilia. In BBS, the functioning of various systemic organs (with ciliated cells) gets deranged and results in systemic manifestations. Certain components of the disease (such as obesity, diabetes, and renal problems) when noticed earlier offer a disease management benefit to the patients. However, the awareness of the disease is comparatively low and most often noticed only after severe vision loss in patients, which is usually in the first decade of the patient's age. In the current review, we have provided the recent updates retrieved from various types of scientific literature through journals, on the genetics, its molecular relevance, and the clinical outcome in BBS. The review in nutshell would provide the basic awareness of the disease that will have an impact in disease management and counseling benefits to the patients and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathya Priya
- SNONGC Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Kamal Nayan Institute for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Vision Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu; School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sheela Nampoothiri
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | - Parveen Sen
- Department of Vitreoretina Clinic, Medical Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Sripriya
- SNONGC Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Kamal Nayan Institute for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Vision Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Yang L, Li Z, Mei M, Fan X, Zhan G, Wang H, Huang G, Wang M, Tian W, Zhou W. Whole genome sequencing identifies a novel ALMS1 gene mutation in two Chinese siblings with Alström syndrome. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2017; 18:75. [PMID: 28724398 PMCID: PMC5518093 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-017-0418-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Alström syndrome is a rare multi-systemic disorder with a broad spectrum of symptoms. This syndrome is characterized by childhood retinal degeneration; sensorineural hearing loss; obesity; type 2 diabetes mellitus; cardiomyopathy; systemic fibrosis; and pulmonary, hepatic, and renal failure. Case presentation A Chinese quartet family with two siblings predominantly affected by cone-rod dystrophy and short stature were recruited. The craniofacial dysmorphism and on-set age-of-cone-rod dystrophy in the proband showed a minor intrafamilial variability. Whole genome sequencing was performed to provide the full spectrum of the two siblings’ genetic variations. In this study, we present the patients’ clinical features and our interpretation of the whole genome sequencing data. After examining the data, we focus on two compound heterozygous mutations, (c.3902C > A, p.S1301X; c.6436C > T, p.R2146X) in ALMS1, which are shared by two siblings. Conclusion We reported a novel ALMS1 mutation. Whole genome sequencing is a powerful tool to provide the full spectrum of genetic variations for heterogeneous disorders such as Alström syndrome. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12881-017-0418-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Division of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zixiu Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Mei
- Division of Respiration, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Guodong Zhan
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huijun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Weidong Tian
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Ministry of Health, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Neonates, Children's Hospital, Fudan University, 399 Wan Yuan Road, Shanghai, China, 201102.
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Prasad MK, Laouina S, El Alloussi M, Dollfus H, Bloch-Zupan A. Amelogenesis Imperfecta: 1 Family, 2 Phenotypes, and 2 Mutated Genes. J Dent Res 2016; 95:1457-1463. [PMID: 27558265 DOI: 10.1177/0022034516663200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by enamel defects. The authors have identified a large consanguineous Moroccan family segregating different clinical subtypes of hypoplastic and hypomineralized AI in different individuals within the family. Using targeted next-generation sequencing, the authors identified a novel heterozygous nonsense mutation in COL17A1 (c.1873C>T, p.R625*) segregating with hypoplastic AI and a novel homozygous 8-bp deletion in C4orf26 (c.39_46del, p.Cys14Glyfs*18) segregating with hypomineralized-hypoplastic AI in this family. This study highlights the phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity of AI that can exist even within a single consanguineous family. Furthermore, the identification of novel mutations in COL17A1 and C4orf26 and their correlation with distinct AI phenotypes can contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of AI and the contribution of these genes to amelogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Prasad
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, INSERM U1112, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - S Laouina
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - M El Alloussi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - H Dollfus
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, INSERM U1112, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Centre de Référence pour les Affections Rares en Génétique Ophtalmologique, Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - A Bloch-Zupan
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaires, Centre de Référence des Manifestations Odontologiques des Maladies Rares, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire and Cellulaire, CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U964, Centre Européen de Recherche en Biologie et en Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
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13
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Maria M, Lamers IJC, Schmidts M, Ajmal M, Jaffar S, Ullah E, Mustafa B, Ahmad S, Nazmutdinova K, Hoskins B, van Wijk E, Koster-Kamphuis L, Khan MI, Beales PL, Cremers FPM, Roepman R, Azam M, Arts HH, Qamar R. Genetic and clinical characterization of Pakistani families with Bardet-Biedl syndrome extends the genetic and phenotypic spectrum. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34764. [PMID: 27708425 PMCID: PMC5052523 DOI: 10.1038/srep34764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is an autosomal recessive disorder that is both genetically and clinically heterogeneous. To date 19 genes have been associated with BBS, which encode proteins active at the primary cilium, an antenna-like organelle that acts as the cell’s signaling hub. In the current study, a combination of mutation screening, targeted sequencing of ciliopathy genes associated with BBS, and whole-exome sequencing was used for the genetic characterization of five families including four with classic BBS symptoms and one BBS-like syndrome. This resulted in the identification of novel mutations in BBS genes ARL6 and BBS5, and recurrent mutations in BBS9 and CEP164. In the case of CEP164, this is the first report of two siblings with a BBS-like syndrome with mutations in this gene. Mutations in this gene were previously associated with nephronophthisis 15, thus the current results expand the CEP164-associated phenotypic spectrum. The clinical and genetic spectrum of BBS and BBS-like phenotypes is not fully defined in Pakistan. Therefore, genetic studies are needed to gain insights into genotype-phenotype correlations, which will in turn improve the clinician’s ability to make an early and accurate diagnosis, and facilitate genetic counseling, leading to directly benefiting families with affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maleeha Maria
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ideke J C Lamers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Miriam Schmidts
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, UK.,Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Pediatric Genetics Division, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany
| | - Muhammad Ajmal
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Ehsan Ullah
- School of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.,Auckland City Hospital, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bilal Mustafa
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Katia Nazmutdinova
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, UK
| | - Bethan Hoskins
- North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Erwin van Wijk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Donders Center for Neurosciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Linda Koster-Kamphuis
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Muhammad Imran Khan
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Phil L Beales
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, UK.,Centre for Translational Omics-GOSgene, Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Frans P M Cremers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Donders Center for Neurosciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ronald Roepman
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Maleeha Azam
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Heleen H Arts
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Raheel Qamar
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Department of Biochemistry, Al-Nafees Medical College &Hospital, Isra University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Pakistan Academy of Sciences, Constitution Avenue, Islamabad, Pakistan
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14
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Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder. It is characterized by heterogeneous clinical manifestations including primary features of the disease (rod-cone dystrophy, polydactyly, obesity, genital abnormalities, renal defects, and learning difficulties) and secondary BBS characteristics (developmental delay, speech deficit, brachydactyly or syndactyly, dental defects, ataxia or poor coordination, olfactory deficit, diabetes mellitus, congenital heart disease, etc.); most of these symptoms may not be present at birth but appear and progressively worsen during the first and second decades of life. At least 20 BBS genes have already been identified, and all of them are involved in primary cilia functioning. Genetic diagnosis of BBS is complicated due to lack of gene-specific disease symptoms; however, it is gradually becoming more accessible with the invention of multigene sequencing technologies. Clinical management of BBS is largely limited to a symptomatic treatment. Mouse experiments demonstrate that the most debilitating complication of BBS, blindness, can be rescued by topical gene therapy. There is a published case report describing the delay of BBS symptoms by nutritional compensation of the disease-related biochemical deficiencies. Progress in DNA testing technologies is likely to rapidly resolve all limitations in BBS diagnosis; however, much slower improvement is expected with regard to BBS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny N Suspitsin
- N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg, Russia; St. Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Evgeny N Imyanitov
- N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg, Russia; St. Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia; I.I. Mechnikov North-Western Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia; St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
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15
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Khan S, Muhammad N, Khan M, Kamal A, Rehman Z, Khan S. Genetics of human Bardet-Biedl syndrome, an updates. Clin Genet 2016; 90:3-15. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.12737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S.A. Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering; Kohat University of Science and Technology; Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - N. Muhammad
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering; Kohat University of Science and Technology; Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - M.A. Khan
- Gomal Centre of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; Gomal University; Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
- Genomic Core Facility; Interim Translational Research Institute; Doha Qatar
| | - A. Kamal
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering; Kohat University of Science and Technology; Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Z.U. Rehman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering; Kohat University of Science and Technology; Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - S. Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering; Kohat University of Science and Technology; Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
- Genomic Core Facility; Interim Translational Research Institute; Doha Qatar
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16
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Jaradat S, Al-Rababah B, Hazza I, Akl K, Saca E, Al-Younis D. Molecular analysis of the CTNS gene in Jordanian families with nephropathic cystinosis. Nefrologia 2015; 35:547-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nefro.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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17
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Aldahmesh MA, Li Y, Alhashem A, Anazi S, Alkuraya H, Hashem M, Awaji AA, Sogaty S, Alkharashi A, Alzahrani S, Al Hazzaa SA, Xiong Y, Kong S, Sun Z, Alkuraya FS. IFT27, encoding a small GTPase component of IFT particles, is mutated in a consanguineous family with Bardet-Biedl syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:3307-15. [PMID: 24488770 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is an autosomal recessive ciliopathy with multisystem involvement. So far, 18 BBS genes have been identified and the majority of them are essential for the function of BBSome, a protein complex involved in transporting membrane proteins into and from cilia. Yet defects in the identified genes cannot account for all the BBS cases. The genetic heterogeneity of this disease poses significant challenge to the identification of additional BBS genes. In this study, we coupled human genetics with functional validation in zebrafish and identified IFT27 as a novel BBS gene (BBS19). This is the first time an intraflagellar transport (IFT) gene is implicated in the pathogenesis of BBS, highlighting the genetic complexity of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amal Alhashem
- Deparment of Pediatrics, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hisham Alkuraya
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ali A Awaji
- Department of Pediatrics, King Fahad Central Hospital, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameera Sogaty
- Department of Medical Genetics, King Fahad General Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and
| | - Abdullah Alkharashi
- Deparment of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Alzahrani
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Selwa A Al Hazzaa
- Department of Ophthalmology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yong Xiong
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Genetics and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Agha Z, Iqbal Z, Azam M, Hoefsloot LH, van Bokhoven H, Qamar R. A novel homozygous 10 nucleotide deletion in BBS10 causes Bardet-Biedl syndrome in a Pakistani family. Gene 2013; 519:177-81. [PMID: 23403234 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl Syndrome is a multisystem autosomal recessive disorder characterized by central obesity, polydactyly, hypogonadism, learning difficulties, rod-cone dystrophy and renal dysplasia. Bardet-Biedl Syndrome has a prevalence rate ranging from 1 in 100,000 to 1 in 160,000 births although there are communities where Bardet-Biedl Syndrome is found at a higher frequency due to consanguinity. We report here a Pakistani consanguineous family with two affected sons with typical clinical features of Bardet-Biedl Syndrome, in addition to abnormal liver functioning and bilateral basal ganglia calcification, the latter feature being typical of Fahr's disease. Homozygous regions obtained from SNP array depicted three known genes BBS10, BBS14 and BBS2. Bidirectional sequencing of all coding exons by traditional sequencing of all these three genes showed a homozygous deletion of 10 nucleotides (c.1958_1967del), in BBS10 in both affected brothers. The segregation analysis revealed that the parents, paternal grandfather, maternal grandmother and an unaffected sister were heterozygous for the deletion. Such a large deletion in BBS10 has not been reported previously in any population and is likely to be contributing to the phenotype of Bardet-Biedl Syndrome in this family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehra Agha
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
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19
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Khan S, Ullah I, Irfanullah, Touseef M, Basit S, Khan MN, Ahmad W. Novel homozygous mutations in the genes ARL6 and BBS10 underlying Bardet-Biedl syndrome. Gene 2012; 515:84-8. [PMID: 23219996 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 10/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is an autosomal recessive disorder resulting from structural and functional defects in numerous organs. Frequent manifestations reported in the syndrome include obesity, renal dysplasia, cognitive impairment, postaxial polydactyly, pigmentary retinal degeneration and hypogonadism. To date, 17 genes causing BBS have been identified. Two of these BBS1 and BBS10 are the most frequently mutated genes. The present report describes two consanguineous families (A, B) with clinical manifestations of BBS. Linkage in the family A was established to ARL6 on chromosome 3q11.2, while family B showed linkage to BBS10 on chromosome 12q21.2. Sequence analysis revealed a novel homozygous missense mutation (c.281T>C, p.Ile94Thr) in the gene ARL6 in family A and a nonsense mutation (c.1075C>T, p.Gln359*) in the gene BBS10 in family B. Mutations identified in the present study extend the body of evidence implicating the genes ARL6 and BBS10 in causing Bardet-Biedl syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saadullah Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
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20
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Cardenas-Rodriguez M, Osborn DPS, Irigoín F, Graña M, Romero H, Beales PL, Badano JL. Characterization of CCDC28B reveals its role in ciliogenesis and provides insight to understand its modifier effect on Bardet-Biedl syndrome. Hum Genet 2012; 132:91-105. [PMID: 23015189 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-012-1228-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder that is generally inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion. However, in some families, trans mutant alleles interact with the primary causal locus to modulate the penetrance and/or the expressivity of the phenotype. CCDC28B (MGC1203) was identified as a second site modifier of BBS encoding a protein of unknown function. Here we report the first functional characterization of this protein and show it affects ciliogenesis both in cultured cells and in vivo in zebrafish. Consistent with this biological role, our in silico analysis shows that the presence of CCDC28B homologous sequences is restricted to ciliated metazoa. Depletion of Ccdc28b in zebrafish results in defective ciliogenesis and consequently causes a number of phenotypes that are characteristic of BBS and other ciliopathy mutants including hydrocephalus, left-right axis determination defects and renal function impairment. Thus, this work reports CCDC28B as a novel protein involved in the process of ciliogenesis whilst providing functional insight into the cellular basis of its modifier effect in BBS patients.
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21
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Lyon GJ, Wang K. Identifying disease mutations in genomic medicine settings: current challenges and how to accelerate progress. Genome Med 2012; 4:58. [PMID: 22830651 PMCID: PMC3580414 DOI: 10.1186/gm359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The pace of exome and genome sequencing is accelerating, with the identification of many new disease-causing mutations in research settings, and it is likely that whole exome or genome sequencing could have a major impact in the clinical arena in the relatively near future. However, the human genomics community is currently facing several challenges, including phenotyping, sample collection, sequencing strategies, bioinformatics analysis, biological validation of variant function, clinical interpretation and validity of variant data, and delivery of genomic information to various constituents. Here we review these challenges and summarize the bottlenecks for the clinical application of exome and genome sequencing, and we discuss ways for moving the field forward. In particular, we urge the need for clinical-grade sample collection, high-quality sequencing data acquisition, digitalized phenotyping, rigorous generation of variant calls, and comprehensive functional annotation of variants. Additionally, we suggest that a 'networking of science' model that encourages much more collaboration and online sharing of medical history, genomic data and biological knowledge, including among research participants and consumers/patients, will help establish causation and penetrance for disease causal variants and genes. As we enter this new era of genomic medicine, we envision that consumer-driven and consumer-oriented efforts will take center stage, thus allowing insights from the human genome project to translate directly back into individualized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholson J Lyon
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York, NY 11797, USA
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Utah Foundation for Biomedical Research (UFBR), Salt Lake City, UT 84106, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Utah Foundation for Biomedical Research (UFBR), Salt Lake City, UT 84106, USA
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Department of Psychiatry and Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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22
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Redin C, Le Gras S, Mhamdi O, Geoffroy V, Stoetzel C, Vincent MC, Chiurazzi P, Lacombe D, Ouertani I, Petit F, Till M, Verloes A, Jost B, Chaabouni HB, Dollfus H, Mandel JL, Muller J. Targeted high-throughput sequencing for diagnosis of genetically heterogeneous diseases: efficient mutation detection in Bardet-Biedl and Alström syndromes. J Med Genet 2012; 49:502-12. [PMID: 22773737 PMCID: PMC3436454 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2012-100875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a pleiotropic recessive disorder that belongs to the rapidly growing family of ciliopathies. It shares phenotypic traits with other ciliopathies, such as Alström syndrome (ALMS), nephronophthisis (NPHP) or Joubert syndrome. BBS mutations have been detected in 16 different genes (BBS1-BBS16) without clear genotype-to-phenotype correlation. This extensive genetic heterogeneity is a major concern for molecular diagnosis and genetic counselling. While various strategies have been recently proposed to optimise mutation detection, they either fail to detect mutations in a majority of patients or are time consuming and costly. METHOD We tested a targeted exon-capture strategy coupled with multiplexing and high-throughput sequencing on 52 patients: 14 with known mutations as proof-of-principle and 38 with no previously detected mutation. Thirty genes were targeted in total including the 16 BBS genes, the 12 known NPHP genes, the single ALMS gene ALMS1 and the proposed modifier CCDC28B. RESULTS This strategy allowed the reliable detection of causative mutations (including homozygous/heterozygous exon deletions) in 68% of BBS patients without previous molecular diagnosis and in all proof-of-principle samples. Three probands carried homozygous truncating mutations in ALMS1 confirming the major phenotypic overlap between both disorders. The efficiency of detecting mutations in patients was positively correlated with their compliance with the classical BBS phenotype (mutations were identified in 81% of 'classical' BBS patients) suggesting that only a few true BBS genes remain to be identified. We illustrate some interpretation problems encountered due to the multiplicity of identified variants. CONCLUSION This strategy is highly efficient and cost effective for diseases with high genetic heterogeneity, and guarantees a quality of coverage in coding sequences of target genes suited for diagnosis purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Redin
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
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23
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Putoux A, Attie-Bitach T, Martinovic J, Gubler MC. Phenotypic variability of Bardet-Biedl syndrome: focusing on the kidney. Pediatr Nephrol 2012; 27:7-15. [PMID: 21246219 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-010-1751-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2010] [Revised: 11/26/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a multisystemic developmental disorder diagnosed on the basis of the presence of obesity, retinal defects, polydactyly, hypogonadism, renal dysfunction, and learning disabilities. The syndrome is genetically heterogeneous with 14 BBS genes identified to date. Since the cloning of the first gene in 2000, a combination of genetic, in vitro, and in vivo studies have highlighted ciliary dysfunction as a primary cause of BBS pathology. Pleiotropy of ciliopathy phenotypes and complex genetic interactions between causal and modifying alleles of ciliary genes contribute to phenotypic variability. In particular, kidney disease in BBS is clinically heterogeneous, but is now recognized as a cardinal feature and a major cause of mortality in BBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Putoux
- INSERM U-781, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
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24
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Abstract
Consanguineous unions permit the "reunion" of ancestral chromosomal segments in a pattern referred to as "autozygosity," which is essentially a special form of homozygosity. This has long been exploited as a gene mapping tool because it is relatively easy to track a recessive mutation by the surrounding pattern of homozygous markers. The recent advent of single nucleotide polymorphism microarrays has rapidly replaced the historical use of microsatellites for this purpose. In this review, the author discusses other exciting opportunities offered by this unique arrangement of the human genome that range from pure clinical to functional genomic applications. The emerging field of whole genome sequencing promises to unlock much of the potential of the "autozygome."
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25
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Mockel A, Perdomo Y, Stutzmann F, Letsch J, Marion V, Dollfus H. Retinal dystrophy in Bardet-Biedl syndrome and related syndromic ciliopathies. Prog Retin Eye Res 2011; 30:258-74. [PMID: 21477661 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2011.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Revised: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Primary cilia are almost ubiquitously expressed in eukaryotic cells where they function as sensors relaying information either from the extracellular environment or between two compartments of the same cell, such as in the photoreceptor cell. In ciliopathies, a continuously growing class of genetic disorders related to ciliary defects, the modified primary cilium of the photoreceptor, also known as the connecting cilium, is frequently defective. Ciliary dysfunction involves disturbances in the trafficking and docking of specific proteins involved in its biogenesis or maintenance. The main well-conserved ciliary process, intraflagellar transport (IFT), is a complex process carried out by multimeric ciliary particles and molecular motors of major importance in the photoreceptor cell. It is defective in a growing number of ciliopathies leading to retinal degeneration. Retinitis pigmentosa related to ciliary dysfunction can be an isolated feature or a part of a syndrome such as Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS). Research on ciliopathies and BBS has led to the discovery of several major cellular processes carried out by the primary cilium structure and has highlighted their genetic heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mockel
- Laboratoire de physiopathologie des syndromes rares et héréditaires, Strasbourg, France
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26
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27
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Deveault C, Billingsley G, Duncan JL, Bin J, Theal R, Vincent A, Fieggen KJ, Gerth C, Noordeh N, Traboulsi EI, Fishman GA, Chitayat D, Knueppel T, Millán JM, Munier FL, Kennedy D, Jacobson SG, Innes AM, Mitchell GA, Boycott K, Héon E. BBS genotype-phenotype assessment of a multiethnic patient cohort calls for a revision of the disease definition. Hum Mutat 2011; 32:610-9. [PMID: 21344540 DOI: 10.1002/humu.21480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a ciliopathy characterized by retinal degeneration, obesity, polydactyly, renal abnormalities, and cognitive impairment for which 15 causative genes have been identified. Here we present the results of a mutational analysis of our multiethnic cohort of 83 families (105 cases); 75.9% of them have their mutations identified including 26 novel changes. Comprehensive phenotyping of these patients demonstrate that the spectrum of clinical features is greater than expected and overlapped with the features of other ciliopathies; specifically Alström and McKusick-Kauffman syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Deveault
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Lalonde E, Albrecht S, Ha KCH, Jacob K, Bolduc N, Polychronakos C, Dechelotte P, Majewski J, Jabado N. Unexpected allelic heterogeneity and spectrum of mutations in Fowler syndrome revealed by next-generation exome sequencing. Hum Mutat 2010; 31:918-23. [PMID: 20518025 DOI: 10.1002/humu.21293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Protein coding genes constitute approximately 1% of the human genome but harbor 85% of the mutations with large effects on disease-related traits. Therefore, efficient strategies for selectively sequencing complete coding regions (i.e., "whole exome") have the potential to contribute our understanding of human diseases. We used a method for whole-exome sequencing coupling Agilent whole-exome capture to the Illumina DNA-sequencing platform, and investigated two unrelated fetuses from nonconsanguineous families with Fowler Syndrome (FS), a stereotyped phenotype lethal disease. We report novel germline mutations in feline leukemia virus subgroup C cellular-receptor-family member 2, FLVCR2, which has recently been shown to cause FS. Using this technology, we identified three types of genetic abnormalities: point-mutations, insertions-deletions, and intronic splice-site changes (first pathogenic report using this technology), in the fetuses who both were compound heterozygotes for the disease. Although revealing a high level of allelic heterogeneity and mutational spectrum in FS, this study further illustrates the successful application of whole-exome sequencing to uncover genetic defects in rare Mendelian disorders. Of importance, we show that we can identify genes underlying rare, monogenic and recessive diseases using a limited number of patients (n=2), in the absence of shared genetic heritage and in the presence of allelic heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Lalonde
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Canada
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Muller J, Stoetzel C, Vincent MC, Leitch CC, Laurier V, Danse JM, Hellé S, Marion V, Bennouna-Greene V, Vicaire S, Megarbane A, Kaplan J, Drouin-Garraud V, Hamdani M, Sigaudy S, Francannet C, Roume J, Bitoun P, Goldenberg A, Philip N, Odent S, Green J, Cossée M, Davis EE, Katsanis N, Bonneau D, Verloes A, Poch O, Mandel JL, Dollfus H. Identification of 28 novel mutations in the Bardet-Biedl syndrome genes: the burden of private mutations in an extensively heterogeneous disease. Hum Genet 2010; 127:583-93. [PMID: 20177705 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-010-0804-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 02/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS), an emblematic disease in the rapidly evolving field of ciliopathies, is characterized by pleiotropic clinical features and extensive genetic heterogeneity. To date, 14 BBS genes have been identified, 3 of which have been found mutated only in a single BBS family each (BBS11/TRIM32, BBS13/MKS1 and BBS14/MKS4/NPHP6). Previous reports of systematic mutation detection in large cohorts of BBS families (n > 90) have dealt only with a single gene, or at most small subsets of the known BBS genes. Here we report extensive analysis of a cohort of 174 BBS families for 12/14 genes, leading to the identification of 28 novel mutations. Two pathogenic mutations in a single gene have been found in 117 families, and a single heterozygous mutation in 17 families (of which 8 involve the BBS1 recurrent mutation, M390R). We confirm that BBS1 and BBS10 are the most frequently mutated genes, followed by BBS12. No mutations have been found in BBS11/TRIM32, the identification of which as a BBS gene only relies on a single missense mutation in a single consanguineous family. While a third variant allele has been observed in a few families, they are in most cases missenses of uncertain pathogenicity, contrasting with the type of mutations observed as two alleles in a single gene. We discuss the various strategies for diagnostic mutation detection, including homozygosity mapping and targeted arrays for the detection of previously reported mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Muller
- Laboratoire de Diagnostic Génétique, CHU Strasbourg Nouvel Hôpital Civil, 1 place de l'Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
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Hjortshøj TD, Grønskov K, Philp AR, Nishimura DY, Riise R, Sheffield VC, Rosenberg T, Brøndum-Nielsen K. Bardet-Biedl syndrome in Denmark-report of 13 novel sequence variations in six genes. Hum Mutat 2010; 31:429-36. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.21204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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31
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Abstract
Over the last 5 years, disorders of nonmotile cilia have come of age and their study has contributed immeasurably to our understanding of cell biology and human genetics. This review summarizes the main features of the ciliopathies, their underlying genetics, and the functions of the proteins involved. We describe some of the key findings in the field, including new animal models, the role of ciliopathy proteins in signaling pathways and development, and the unusual genetics of these diseases. We also discuss the therapeutic potential for these diseases and finally, discuss important future work that will extend our understanding of this fascinating organelle and its associated pathologies.
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32
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Rooryck C, Lacombe D. [Bardet-Biedl syndrome]. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2008; 69:463-71. [PMID: 19019343 DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2008.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a ciliopathy causing multivisceral abnormalities. Its prevalence in Europe is from 1/125,000 to 1/175,000. This disorder is defined by a combination of clinical signs: obesity, pigmentary retinopathy, post-axial polydactyly, polycystic kidneys, hypogenitalism, and learning disabilities, many of which appearing after several years of evolution. Individual clinical phenotype is highly variable. Most signs are present in a majority of patients but only pigmentary retinopathy is constant after infancy. There are many other associated minor clinical signs including diabetes, blood hypertension, congenital cardiopathy or Hirschsprung disease. This broad clinical spectrum is associated to a great genetic heterogeneity, with mainly an autosomal recessive transmission and, sometimes cases of oligogenism. To date, mutations in 12 different genes (BBS1 to BBS12) are responsible for this phenotype. These genes code for proteins involved in the development and function of primary cilia. Absent or non functional BBS proteins affect cilia in certain organs such as kidney or eye. However, some symptoms are still not clearly related to cilia dysfunction. BB syndrome has to be recognized because a molecular diagnosis is possible and will lead to familial genetic counseling and possibly prenatal diagnosis. Patients with BBS will need a multidisciplinary medical care. The renal abnormalities are the main life-threatening features because they can lead to end-stage renal failure and renal transplantation. Retinal dystrophy leading to progressive vision loss, moderate mental retardation, and obesity will affect social life of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rooryck
- Laboratoire de Génétique Humaine, Université Victor-Segalen, Bordeaux cedex, France.
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Tayeh MK, Yen HJ, Beck JS, Searby CC, Westfall TA, Griesbach H, Sheffield VC, Slusarski DC. Genetic interaction between Bardet-Biedl syndrome genes and implications for limb patterning. Hum Mol Genet 2008; 17:1956-67. [PMID: 18381349 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddn093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a pleiotropic, genetically heterogeneous disorder characterized by obesity, retinopathy, polydactyly, cognitive impairment, renal and cardiac anomalies, as well as hypertension and diabetes. Multiple genes are known to independently cause BBS. These genes do not appear to code for the same functional category of proteins; yet, mutation of each results in a similar phenotype. Gene knockdown of different BBS genes in zebrafish shows strikingly overlapping phenotypes including defective melanosome transport and disruption of the ciliated Kupffer's vesicle. Here, we demonstrate that individual knockdown of bbs1 and bbs3 results in the same prototypical phenotypes as reported previously for other BBS genes. We utilize the zebrafish system to comprehensively determine whether simultaneous pair-wise knockdown of BBS genes reveals genetic interactions between BBS genes. Using this approach, we demonstrate eight genetic interactions between a subset of BBS genes. The synergistic relationships between distinct combinations are not due to functional redundancy but indicate specific interactions within a multi-subunit BBS complex. In addition, we utilize the zebrafish model system to investigate limb development. Human polydactyly is a cardinal feature of BBS not reproduced in BBS-mouse models. We evaluated zebrafish fin bud patterning and observed altered Sonic hedgehog (shh) expression and subsequent changes to fin skeletal elements. The SHH fin bud phenotype was also used to confirm specific genetic interactions between BBS genes. This study reveals an in vivo requirement for BBS function in limb bud patterning. Our results provide important new insights into the mechanism and biological significance of BBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan K Tayeh
- Department of Pediatrics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Oeffner F, Moch C, Neundorf A, Hofmann J, Koch M, Grzeschik KH. Novel interaction partners of Bardet-Biedl syndrome proteins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 65:143-55. [DOI: 10.1002/cm.20250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Nachury MV, Loktev AV, Zhang Q, Westlake CJ, Peränen J, Merdes A, Slusarski DC, Scheller RH, Bazan JF, Sheffield VC, Jackson PK. A core complex of BBS proteins cooperates with the GTPase Rab8 to promote ciliary membrane biogenesis. Cell 2007; 129:1201-13. [PMID: 17574030 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2007.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1066] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2006] [Revised: 02/15/2007] [Accepted: 03/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Primary cilium dysfunction underlies the pathogenesis of Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS), a genetic disorder whose symptoms include obesity, retinal degeneration, and nephropathy. However, despite the identification of 12 BBS genes, the molecular basis of BBS remains elusive. Here we identify a complex composed of seven highly conserved BBS proteins. This complex, the BBSome, localizes to nonmembranous centriolar satellites in the cytoplasm but also to the membrane of the cilium. Interestingly, the BBSome is required for ciliogenesis but is dispensable for centriolar satellite function. This ciliogenic function is mediated in part by the Rab8 GDP/GTP exchange factor, which localizes to the basal body and contacts the BBSome. Strikingly, Rab8(GTP) enters the primary cilium and promotes extension of the ciliary membrane. Conversely, preventing Rab8(GTP) production blocks ciliation in cells and yields characteristic BBS phenotypes in zebrafish. Our data reveal that BBS may be caused by defects in vesicular transport to the cilium.
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36
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Dollfus H, Muller J, Stoetzel C, Laurier V, Bonneau D, Mégarbané A, Poch O, Mandel JL. Syndrôme de Bardet-Biedl : une famille unique pour un gène majeur (BBS10). Med Sci (Paris) 2006; 22:901-4. [PMID: 17101080 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20062211901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Dollfus
- Laboratoire de génétique médicale EA3949, Faculté de Médecine, Université Louis Pasteur, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Hôpital de Hautepierre, avenue Molière, 67098 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
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